Transportation method and transportation system for breeding leiocassis longirostris and capable of improving survival rate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture methods, in particular to a transportation method and a transportation system for breeding leiocassis longirostris and improving the survival rate. The transportation method comprises the whole process from preparation before fishing to recuperating in a feeding place, and the transportation system comprises a treatment unit before transportation, a transportation unit and a temporary recuperating unit after transportation. By using the system and the method, the purposes of promoting wound recovery of the leiocassis longirostris and preventing and controlling diseases such as bacteria, mould, ichthyophthirius multifiliis and sporozoan can be achieved, and the system and the method are suitable for daily long-distance transport, parent transport, cultivation and the like of the leiocassis longirostris. According to the technical scheme, the technical problem that in the prior art, the death rate of leiocassis longirostris after long-distance transportation is high can be solved. The transportation method and system for improving the survival rate not only solve challenges faced by the leiocassis longirostris in the transportation process, but also have important significance for promoting healthy and stable development of the leiocassis longirostris industry, and have ideal application and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture methods, and particularly relates to a transportation method and a transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris with improved survival rate. Background Art

[0002] Leiocassis longirostris ( Leiocassis longirostris ), belonging to Siluriformes, Bagridae, and Leiocassis, is an important precious freshwater economic fish, and is commonly known as catfish, river catfish or fat tu in the folk. It is mainly distributed in the main river systems in China, including the Yangtze River, Liao River, Huai River, Min River and Pearl River basins. This kind of fish is widely loved by consumers because of its few intramuscular spines, tender meat and delicious taste, and enjoys the reputation of "not knowing the taste of fish without eating river catfish".

[0003] Leiocassis longirostris not only has excellent meat quality, but also has a very thick swim bladder, which can be processed into a precious food called penholder fish maw, and becomes one of the famous "Three Treasures of Shishou" in Shishou City, Hubei Province. Since the successful artificial breeding in the 1980s, with the progress of aquaculture technology, especially due to its strong disease resistance and fast growth rate, the aquaculture volume of Leiocassis longirostris has increased year by year, and the average mu yield can reach more than 5000 catties.

[0004] However, although Leiocassis longirostris performs well in aquaculture, it faces major challenges during transportation. A significant problem is that they are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, and are prone to strong stress reactions during transportation and secrete a large amount of mucus. These mucus will consume the oxygen in the water, leading to a rapid deterioration of water quality, especially under high-density transportation conditions, the situation is more serious. In addition, the fins of Leiocassis longirostris contain venom glands that can secrete venom. In a crowded transportation environment, the mutual friction between fish bodies is likely to cause damage to the fins, and then increase the risk of wound infection due to the presence of venom, resulting in a mortality rate of more than 70% after long-distance transportation.

[0005] These problems greatly limit the further expansion and development of the Leiocassis longirostris industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new transportation systems and technologies to improve the survival rate of Leiocassis longirostris during transportation. This not only helps to reduce transportation costs, but also reduces resource waste, while ensuring market supply and promoting the healthy and stable development of the Leiocassis longirostris industry. The ideal solution should be able to effectively control the water quality conditions in the transportation environment, reduce the stress reaction of fish, and prevent the damage caused by fish fin stabbing and the resulting infection risk. Solving these problems through technological innovation is crucial for promoting the development of the entire Leiocassis longirostris industrial chain. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris with improved survival rate, so as to solve the technical problem of high mortality rate of Leiocassis longirostris after long-distance transportation in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate, which includes a post-transportation temporary culture unit; The post-transportation temporary culture unit includes a first post-transportation temporary culture pond, a second post-transportation temporary culture pond, a third post-transportation temporary culture pond, a fourth post-transportation temporary culture pond, and a fifth post-transportation temporary culture pond that are sequentially arranged according to the culture time sequence; The first post-transportation temporary culture pond contains 3.5 - 5 ppm of oxytetracycline, 3 - 5‰ of sodium chloride, 1 - 2 ppm of vitamin C, and 2 - 4 mg / L of Chinese herbal medicine preparation; The second post-transportation temporary culture pond is formed by the following method: drain half of the culture water in the first post-transportation temporary culture pond, and supplement fresh culture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation to obtain the second post-transportation temporary culture pond; in the second post-transportation temporary culture pond, the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation are 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm, and 2 - 4 mg / L in sequence; The third post-transportation temporary culture pond is formed by the following method: drain half of the culture water in the second post-transportation temporary culture pond, and supplement fresh culture water as well as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation to obtain the third post-transportation temporary culture pond; in the third post-transportation temporary culture pond, the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation are 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, and 2 - 4 mg / L in sequence; The fourth post-transportation temporary culture pond is formed by the following method: drain one-third of the culture water in the third post-transportation temporary culture pond, and supplement fresh culture water to obtain the fourth post-transportation temporary culture pond; The fifth post-transportation temporary culture pond is formed by the following method: drain one-third of the culture water in the fourth post-transportation temporary culture pond, and supplement fresh culture water to obtain the fifth post-transportation temporary culture pond; The raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation are Senecio scandens and / or Chinese gall.

[0008] Furthermore, both the first post-transportation temporary culture pond and the second post-transportation temporary culture pond are used for culturing Leiocassis longirostris for one day; the third post-transportation temporary culture pond, the fourth post-transportation temporary culture pond, and the fifth post-transportation temporary culture pond are used for culturing Leiocassis longirostris for two days.

[0009] Furthermore, the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is prepared by the following method: Senecio scandens and / or Chinese gall are decocted and extracted to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine preparation.

[0010] Furthermore, a transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate further includes a transportation unit; the transportation unit includes a fish truck; the fish truck is filled with culture water, and the mass ratio of fish to culture water is 1:4 - 1:6; liquid oxygen is supplemented in the culture water, and the dissolved oxygen content is 3 - 5 mg / L.

[0011] Furthermore, a transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve the survival rate further includes a pre - transportation treatment unit; the pre - transportation treatment unit includes a pre - transportation temporary rearing pond; the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond is filled with cultured water added with copper sulfate, and the cultured water is pond water that has been disinfected; the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond is used to rear Leiocassis longirostris for 1 - 2 days before transportation; Leiocassis longirostris is subjected to fasting treatment for 2 - 3 days before transportation.

[0012] This technical solution also provides a transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve the survival rate, including the following steps carried out in sequence: S1 Preparation before transportation: Before transportation, Leiocassis longirostris is subjected to fasting treatment and cultured in a pre - transportation temporary rearing pond containing copper sulfate. S2 Transportation: During transportation, the ratio of Leiocassis longirostris to cultured water is maintained at 1:4 - 1:6, and liquid oxygen is used to aerate the water body, and the dissolved oxygen of the cultured water is maintained at 3 - 5 mg / L. S3 Temporary rearing after transportation: Transfer Leiocassis longirostris into the post - transportation temporary rearing pond. On the first day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparations are added to the cultured water in the post - transportation temporary rearing pond. On the second day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, half of the water in the pond is drained, and fresh cultured water is supplemented, and oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparations are added. On the third day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, half of the water in the pond is drained, and fresh cultured water is supplemented, and oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine preparations are added. On the fifth day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, one - third of the water in the pond is drained, and fresh cultured water is supplemented. On the seventh day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, one - third of the water in the pond is drained, and fresh cultured water is supplemented. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation is obtained by decocting and extracting Senecio scandens or Chinese gall.

[0013] Furthermore, in S1, Leiocassis longirostris is subjected to fasting treatment 2 - 3 days before transportation; Leiocassis longirostris is cultured in the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond 1 - 2 days before transportation; the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond has been sterilized and is filled with cultured water added with copper sulfate; the cultured water is pond water that has been disinfected and aerated.

[0014] Furthermore, in S2, fresh cultured water is replaced every 10 - 12 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, in S3, on the first day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparations in the cultured water of the post - transportation temporary rearing pond are 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm and 2 - 4 mg / L respectively. On the second day after the longsnout catfish are put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine in the culture water of the temporary culture pond after transportation are respectively: 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm and 2 - 4 mg / L; On the third day after the longsnout catfish are put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine in the culture water of the temporary culture pond after transportation are respectively; 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰ and 2 - 4 mg / L.

[0016] Furthermore, after S3, the longsnout catfish are transferred to the fish pond.

[0017] The technical principle of this technical solution lies in: This technical solution provides a transportation method and transportation system for culturing longsnout catfish to improve the survival rate, aiming to solve the problem of high mortality rate of longsnout catfish caused by environmental changes during long - distance transportation. Its technical principle mainly includes the following aspects: Drug assistance: By adding oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and specific Chinese herbal medicine (Senecio scandens or Chinese gall) to the temporary culture pond after transportation, it helps to reduce the stress response of fish, promote wound healing and prevent infection. Moreover, Chinese herbal medicine (Senecio scandens or Chinese gall) and sodium chloride have an obvious synergistic effect in improving the survival rate of fish.

[0018] Water quality management: The fish truck in the transportation unit is equipped with a liquid oxygen supplementation system to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the culture water is maintained at 3 - 5 mg / L, so as to meet the oxygen demand of longsnout catfish, reduce the death risk caused by hypoxia. In addition, liquid oxygen can also play a role in reducing the water temperature of the fish truck and reducing the stress response of fish.

[0019] Gradual adaptation: Adopt a multi - stage temporary culture strategy. By gradually diluting the culture water containing drugs, the longsnout catfish can gradually adapt to the new environment and reduce the stress response caused by sudden environmental changes.

[0020] Pre - treatment measures: Before transportation, the longsnout catfish are starved and placed in disinfected water containing copper sulfate to further reduce the risk of pathogen transmission and prepare for long - distance transportation.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: (1) By comprehensively applying measures such as drug treatment, water quality management and gradual adaptation, the mortality rate and mold infection rate of longsnout catfish during long - distance transportation are effectively reduced, and the quality of longsnout catfish culture is improved.

[0022] (2) Since the transportation survival rate is improved, high - quality longsnout catfish can be supplied to the market more stably, which is conducive to the healthy development of the market. The losses during transportation are reduced, the economic benefits of farmers are increased, and at the same time, resource waste is reduced. The application of this technical solution helps to promote the development of the entire longsnout catfish industrial chain.

[0023] In summary, this transportation method and system for improving survival rate not only solve the challenges faced by Leiocassis longirostris during transportation, but also have important significance for promoting the healthy and stable development of the Leiocassis longirostris industry. Specific implementation manners

[0024] The following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with embodiments, but the implementation manners of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments and experimental examples are conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can all be obtained through commercial channels.

[0025] To make the present invention easier to understand, certain technical and scientific terms are specifically defined below.

[0026] The term "salinity", the salinity of water body refers to the concentration of sodium chloride dissolved in water. The salinity of the water body is 3, that is, the amount of sodium chloride contained is 3‰, and each liter of water contains 3 grams of sodium chloride.

[0027] The term "dissolved oxygen in water body, dissolved oxygen (DO)" refers to the content of oxygen dissolved in water.

[0028] The term "ammonia nitrogen (Ammonia-N)" is an important indicator for measuring water quality. Especially in aquaculture, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen has a direct impact on the health and survival of fish. Ammonia nitrogen is a nitrogen compound existing in the forms of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ion (NH4 + )). In the water body, these two forms can be converted into each other, and the conversion rate depends on the pH value and temperature of the water body.

[0029] The following is further elaborated in detail through specific implementation manners: Example 1: Transfer treatment for juvenile Leiocassis longirostris A transportation method and transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate, and the specific transportation process is as follows: S1 Preparation before transportation: Start fasting treatment 2 - 3 days before transportation (preferably 3 days), prepare a temporary culture pond with a filtration system and a temperature control system. The temporary culture pond can be marked with volume scales for convenient dosing and water change. Ultraviolet irradiation is used to sterilize the temporary culture pond in advance, or the temporary culture pond is cleaned with tap water containing chlorine dioxide. Subsequently, culture water (pond water disinfected with 0.5 ppm chlorine dioxide and aerated for 24 h) is injected into the temporary culture pond, and 0.8 ppm of copper sulfate is added to the water. Then, the captured Leiocassis longirostris is temporarily cultured in the temporary culture pond for 1 - 2 days (preferably 2 days). Among them, the culture water refers to the water body obtained by adding 0.5 ppm chlorine dioxide to the water in the Leiocassis longirostris pond and aerating for 24 h.

[0030] Food deprivation treatment can reduce the large amount of excrement produced during transportation. Excrement increases the ammonia nitrogen content in the transportation water, and excessive ammonia nitrogen can cause varying degrees of damage to the fish body, increasing the transportation risk. The copper sulfate added during the temporary rearing period can not only kill pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in the water, effectively preventing fish body from being infected by diseases. In addition, copper sulfate can also reduce the excessive secretion of mucus by Leiocassis longirostris, which can lead to hypoxia in the water body, and this is crucial for the transportation of Leiocassis longirostris.

[0031] S2 Transportation: The transportation water is the pond culture water of Leiocassis longirostris that has undergone conventional sedimentation, disinfection, and aeration (i.e., the culture water mentioned above). Fish trucks are used for transportation (the weight ratio of fish to water is maintained at about 1:4, with an optional range of 1:4 - 1:6, preferably 1:4). During transportation, liquid oxygen is used to aerate the water body to maintain a relatively high dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen needs to be maintained at about 3 - 5 mg / L throughout the transportation process. In addition, injecting liquid oxygen can also play a role in cooling. If it is a long-distance transportation, it is necessary to replace the treated fresh culture water every 10 - 12 hours.

[0032] The ratio of fish to water during transportation must be strictly controlled. If the amount of water is too small, it will cause the fish fins to scratch each other. In addition, the secreted mucus under stimulation will make the already small amount of water more viscous, thereby reducing the dissolved oxygen in the transportation water. If the water body is too large, it will also lead to too high transportation costs.

[0033] S3 Temporary rearing after transportation: After transporting to the destination, adjust the temperature difference according to the water temperature in the fish truck and the temporary rearing pond at the destination. The specific method is: slowly inject the water in the temporary rearing pond into the transportation water, so that the water temperature in the fish truck gradually approaches the water temperature in the temporary rearing pond. After adjusting the temperature difference, transfer one-third of the water in the fish truck to the temporary rearing pond, and finally transfer the cultured Leiocassis longirostris completely into the destination temporary rearing pond. And inject new culture water into the temporary rearing pond. The conditions of the culture water refer to step S1.

[0034] On the first day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (final concentration 3.5 - 5 ppm; preferably 5 ppm), sodium chloride (final concentration 3 - 5‰; preferably 4‰), vitamin C (final concentration 1 - 3 ppm; preferably 1 ppm) and the previously decocted Chinese herbal medicine of Senecio scandens (sprayed throughout the pond, final concentration 2 - 4 mg / L, preferably 4 mg / L) are added to the water in the temporary rearing pond.

[0035] On the second day when Leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond and replenish fresh culture water, and add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine of Senecio scandens to maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when put into the pond.

[0036] The third day after the longsnout catfish are put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond and replenish it with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio scandens to maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio scandens at 5 ppm (optional range 3.5 - 5 ppm), 4‰ (optional range 3 - 5‰), and 4 mg / L (optional range 2 - 4 mg / L) respectively. Stop adding vitamin C.

[0037] The fifth day after the longsnout catfish are put into the pond: Drain one-third of the water in the pond and replenish it with fresh culture water. Stop adding any medicine.

[0038] The seventh day after the longsnout catfish are put into the pond: Drain one-third of the water in the pond and replenish it with fresh culture water. Stop adding any medicine. After culturing for two days, transfer them to a common fishpond. On the ninth day, count the cumulative mortality rate. Observe the survival situation of the fish three times a day, in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. After the ninth day, when the temporary culture pond cultivation ends, obtain the cumulative mortality rate data.

[0039] After this process, the fish basically recover. Transfer the fish to a conventional fishpond. Those severely injured can continue to be soaked in 2‰ sodium chloride for one week, changing the water every other day, with one-third of the water changed each time. The whole process requires regular patrols to promptly remove the dead longsnout catfish. Oxytetracycline has antibacterial effects, senecio scandens has anti-inflammatory and water mold prevention effects, and vitamin C can relieve the stress response of fish. Low-concentration sodium chloride can not only play a bactericidal role but also synergistically relieve the stress response, reduce the secretion of mucus by longsnout catfish, and increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water.

[0040] Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine senecio scandens is prepared by the following method: Add water to fresh senecio scandens (Senecio scandens Herba can also be used). It is appropriate for the water to cover the medicine (the material-liquid ratio is 1:3 - 1:5, preferably 1:4, and the preferred ratio is used in subsequent experiments). 70% of the total water volume is used for the first decoction, and the remaining 30% is used for the second decoction. After the first decoction boils, keep it simmering over low heat to reduce water evaporation, and the duration is maintained at 10 - 15 minutes (the 15-minute decoction method is used for the senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine in subsequent experiments), and the second decoction is 10 - 15 minutes (the 15-minute decoction method is used for the senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine in subsequent experiments). Combine the decoction liquids obtained from the two decoctions to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine senecio scandens. The above process is the conventional Chinese medicine decoction method in the prior art.

[0041] In summary, the present method provides full protection for the transportation of *Leiocassis longirostris* from three dimensions: pre - transportation treatment (water quality control), stress mitigation, and disease prevention. It fundamentally reduces the fish mortality caused by internal and external factors of the fish. In addition, the most used drug in this method is sodium chloride, which is non - toxic and harmless to water bodies and humans and has no drug resistance. Therefore, this method is a healthy, safe, and effective way, and the survival rate can reach over 95%.

[0042] Example 2 Transport a batch of *Leiocassis longirostris* from Chongzhou City, Sichuan Province to Chengdu (average weight 50 grams, about 600 fish). The specific operation process refers to the optimal implementation method of Example 1. Transfer the fish to a conventional fishpond. After the fish body has no obvious scars and the fish regain vitality, count the survival rate of *Leiocassis longirostris* exceeding 95% (the survival rate is counted on the ninth day of temporary cultivation in the temporary cultivation pond). The survival rate refers to the percentage of the number of fish surviving in the fishpond at the end of the ninth - day temporary cultivation to the total number of fish after transportation and temporary cultivation. Count the total number of animals once before temporary cultivation after transporting *Leiocassis longirostris*, and observe the survival situation of the fish three times a day (morning, noon, and evening) in the temporary cultivation pond and count the cumulative number of dead fish to obtain the number of surviving fish bodies put into the fishpond at the end of the ninth - day temporary cultivation.

[0043] Using this method, we explored it for wild fish that are most vulnerable during transportation and cold - water fish that are extremely susceptible to water mold, including wild *Acheilognathus omeiensis* ( Acheilognathus omeiensis ), *Rhodeus fangi* ( Rhodeus fangi ), and artificially - cultured cold - water fish *Oncorhynchus mykiss* ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), etc. Compared with the control group (conventional transportation method), the survival rate increased by more than 70%. This further highlights the effectiveness and universality of this method, effectively solving the losses caused by fish transportation. It plays an important role in the protection of wild fish and the cold - water fish industry.

[0044] Experimental Example 1 The research on the transportation method in this experimental example is as follows: Use a professional fish truck to transport about 1150 *Leiocassis longirostris* (average weight about 50 - 55 grams) from a *Leiocassis longirostris* breeding base in Meishan to Chengdu. One truckload of fish (about 150 fish) is not subjected to any pre - transportation treatment and is directly loaded onto the fish truck after being fished out of the fishpond, marked as Truck C1; the remaining fish are all strictly implemented according to the best method of Step S1, marked as Trucks C2 and C3 (about 500 *Leiocassis longirostris* per truck). C1, C2, and C3 are all implemented according to the best transportation method of S2. For example, the fish - to - water ratio is maintained at about 1:4, and liquid oxygen is used to oxygenate the water body, with the dissolved oxygen maintained at 3mg / L - 5mg / L. After arriving at the destination, carry out the subsequent temporary cultivation process, specifically referring to the description for different experimental groups later.

[0045] The experimental groups are as follows, with each group containing 50 *Leiocassis longirostris*.

[0046] Non-transport treatment group: 50 fish were separated from the fish in Vehicle C1 without drug treatment and were only cultured in the breeding barrel. During this period, dead fish were regularly fished out and records were made until the end of the experiment. The survival rate was counted at the same time point as other experimental groups.

[0047] Transport treatment group 1: 50 fish in Vehicle C2 (or C3) were used. Refer to the best method of Example 1 (that is, steps S1 - S3 were all carried out in accordance with the best method of Example 1). After the test, the survival rate was calculated, and the surface wound healing condition and physical state of the fish were observed.

[0048] Transport treatment group 2: This transport treatment group is basically the same as transport treatment group 1 (step S3 was carried out in accordance with the best method of Example 1). The difference is that the fish used in this transport treatment group are 50 fish from Vehicle C1.

[0049] Transport treatment group 3: This transport treatment group is basically the same as transport treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that: in step S3, the addition of oxytetracycline in the originally required step of adding oxytetracycline was omitted, that is: On the first day when Leiocassis longirostris was put into the pond: Sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1 ppm), and the previously decocted Herba Senecionis Scandentis Chinese herbal medicine preparation (4 mg / L) were added to the temporary culture water.

[0050] On the second day when Leiocassis longirostris was put into the pond: Half of the water in the pond was drained, and fresh breeding water was supplemented. Sodium chloride, vitamin C, and the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Senecionis Scandentis were added to maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when put into the pond.

[0051] On the third day when Leiocassis longirostris was put into the pond: Half of the water in the pond was drained, and fresh breeding water was supplemented. Sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Senecionis Scandentis were added to maintain the final concentrations of sodium chloride and Herba Senecionis Scandentis at 4‰ and 4 mg / L respectively.

[0052] The rest was the same as the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0053] Transport treatment group 4: This transport treatment group is basically the same as transport treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that: in step S3, the addition of vitamin C in the originally required step of adding vitamin C was omitted, that is: On the first day when Leiocassis longirostris was put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm), sodium chloride (4‰), and the previously decocted Herba Senecionis Scandentis Chinese herbal medicine preparation (4 mg / L) were added to the temporary culture water.

[0054] On the second day when Leiocassis longirostris was put into the pond: Half of the water in the pond was drained, and fresh breeding water was supplemented. Oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Senecionis Scandentis were added to maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when put into the pond.

[0055] The rest is the best implementation mode of step S3 in Example 1.

[0056] Transportation treatment group 5: This transportation treatment group is basically the same as transportation treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that: in step S3, the addition of sodium chloride is omitted in the step where sodium chloride was originally required to be added, that is: On the first day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm), vitamin C (1 ppm) and the previously decocted herb medicine of senecio scandens (4 mg / L) are added to the temporary culture water.

[0057] On the second day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline, vitamin C and the herb medicine of senecio scandens, and maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when put into the pond.

[0058] On the third day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline and the herb medicine of senecio scandens, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline and the herb medicine of senecio scandens at 5 ppm and 4 mg / L respectively.

[0059] The rest is the best implementation mode of step S3 in Example 1.

[0060] Transportation treatment group 6: This transportation treatment group is basically the same as transportation treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that: in step S3, the addition of the herb medicine of senecio scandens is omitted in the step where the herb medicine of senecio scandens was originally required to be added, that is: On the first day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm), sodium chloride (4‰) and vitamin C (1 ppm) are added to the temporary culture water.

[0061] On the second day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and vitamin C, and maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when put into the pond.

[0062] On the third day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement with fresh culture water. Add oxytetracycline and sodium chloride, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline and sodium chloride at 5 ppm and 4‰ respectively.

[0063] The rest is the best implementation mode of step S3 in Example 1.

[0064] Transportation treatment group 7: This transportation treatment group consists of multiple subgroups (each subgroup contains 50 longsnout catfish, from C2 or C3), and the use of different Chinese herbal medicines is explored. The experimental process is basically the same as that of transportation treatment group 1, except that the types of Chinese herbal medicines used are different.

[0065] Among them, the Chinese herbal medicine in the transportation treatment group 7-1 is Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, the Chinese herbal medicine in the transportation treatment group 7-2 is Allii Sativi Bulbus, the Chinese herbal medicine in the transportation treatment group 7-3 is Astragali Radix, and the Chinese herbal medicine in the transportation treatment group 7-4 is Galla Chinensis. The preparation method of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation is the same as the decoction method of the Senecio scandens preparation mentioned above, and fresh medicinal materials are used for decoction. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Allii Sativi Bulbus, Astragali Radix, and Galla Chinensis are all Chinese medicinal materials with the effects of anti-inflammatory and preventing saprolegniasis, and theoretically have similar effects to Senecio scandens.

[0066] Transportation treatment group 8: This transportation treatment group includes multiple groups (50 juvenile Leiocassis longirostris per group, from C2 or C3), and the concentration conditions of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation were explored. The experimental process is basically the same as that of transportation treatment group 1, except that the concentration conditions of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation have changed. Among them, the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-1 is 1 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-2 is 2 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-3 is 3 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-4 is 4 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-5 is 5 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-6 is 6 mg / L; the concentration of the Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation in transportation treatment group 8-7 is 7 mg / L.

[0067] Transportation treatment group 9: This transportation treatment group is basically the same as transportation treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that: in step S3, vitamin C is still added on the third day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, that is: On the first day when the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm), sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1 ppm), and the pre-boiled Senecio scandens Chinese herbal medicine preparation (4 mg / L) are added to the temporary culture water.

[0068] On the second day when the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and replenish fresh culture water, and add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio scandens to maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when they are put into the pond.

[0069] On the third day when the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and replenish fresh culture water, and add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and the Chinese herbal medicine Senecio scandens to maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when they are put into the pond.

[0070] The rest is the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0071] Transfer treatment group 10: This transfer treatment group is basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that in step S3, neither sodium chloride nor senecio is added. Specifically: On the first day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm) and vitamin C (1 ppm) are added to the temporary culture water.

[0072] On the second day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline and vitamin C, and maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when the fish is put into the pond.

[0073] On the third day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline, and maintain the final concentration of oxytetracycline at 5 ppm.

[0074] The rest is the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0075] Transfer treatment group 11: This transfer treatment group is basically the same as transfer treatment group 1 (50 fish, from C2 or C3). The difference is that in step S3, on the fifth day and the seventh day, the water is not partially replaced with fresh water, that is: On the first day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Oxytetracycline (5 ppm), sodium chloride (4‰), vitamin C (1 ppm) and pre-boiled senecio Chinese herbal medicine preparation (4 mg / L) are added to the temporary culture water.

[0076] On the second day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio, and maintain their final concentrations the same as those on the first day when the fish is put into the pond.

[0077] On the third day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain half of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio at 5 ppm, 4‰ and 4 mg / L respectively. No more vitamin C is added.

[0078] On the fifth day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain one-third of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio at 5 ppm, 4‰ and 4 mg / L respectively.

[0079] On the seventh day when the longsnout catfish is put into the pond: Drain one-third of the water in the pond, and supplement fresh culture water, add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio, and maintain the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and the Chinese herbal medicine senecio at 5 ppm, 4‰ and 4 mg / L respectively.

[0080] The rest is the best implementation method of step S3 in Example 1.

[0081] The experimental results of transfer treatment groups 1 to 11 are shown in Table 1. Transfer treatment group 1 was carried out strictly in accordance with the solution of the present invention. After the end of the transfer cycle, the survival rate of juvenile fish could reach 96%. In transfer treatment group 2, the fish were not pretreated before transportation, resulting in a decrease in the survival rate of the test fish. It is proved that the pretreatment before transportation is necessary. The inventor tried to completely omit the pretreatment before transportation (without fasting treatment and temporary culturing) in transfer treatment group 2, which would lead to a lower survival rate of the fish than that in transfer treatment group 1.

[0082] Transfer treatment groups 3 to 6 explored the combined use of several substances such as oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and senecio scandens. It was found that the lack of any of the above drugs would lead to a decrease in the survival rate of the test fish, especially the lack of one of sodium chloride, senecio scandens and oxytetracycline. Therefore, the combined use of the above drugs obtained the best technical effect.

[0083] The use of senecio scandens is necessary for this transfer treatment solution. In order to explore the effects of different Chinese medicinal materials, in transfer treatment groups 7-1 to 7-4, other medicinal materials were used to replace senecio scandens on the basis of transfer treatment group 1, and it was found that the final transfer treatment effects were not as good as that of senecio scandens. Among them, the effect of Chinese medicinal material gallnut was also much improved in terms of the survival rate of the transported fish compared with transfer treatment group 6 without adding Chinese medicinal materials. This shows that gallnut is also a relatively good alternative Chinese medicinal material in the absence of senecio scandens.

[0084] The present invention carried out a comparative experiment on different use concentrations of senecio scandens (transfer treatment groups 8-1 to 8-7), and found that the best concentration was 2-4 mg / L. Leiocassis longirostris is a scaleless fish, and too high a concentration would cause physiological toxicity to the fish body.

[0085] In transfer treatment group 9, the addition method of vitamin C was different from that in transfer treatment group 1, but it did not have a negative impact on the survival rate of the fish. In transfer treatment group 11, the fish were not cultured in pure culture water in the last 4 days, but the drug treatment was continued, resulting in a certain degree of decrease in the survival rate of the fish.

[0086] In the transportation treatment group 10, neither sodium chloride nor senecio is added; in the transportation treatment group 5, sodium chloride is not added (but senecio is added); in the transportation treatment group 6, senecio is not added (but sodium chloride is added); in the transportation treatment group 1, both sodium chloride and senecio are added. Except for the above differences, the treatment methods of the transportation treatment groups 1, 5, 6, and 10 are exactly the same. It can be seen that due to the addition of senecio in the transportation treatment group 5, the increase in the survival rate of Leiocassis longirostris is: 76% - 66% = 10%; due to the addition of sodium chloride in the transportation treatment group 6, the increase in the survival rate of Leiocassis longirostris is: 74% - 66% = 8%; due to the simultaneous addition of senecio and sodium chloride in the transportation treatment group 1, the increase in the survival rate of Leiocassis longirostris is: 96% - 66% = 30% > 10% + 8%. Thus, it can be seen that the simultaneous addition of senecio and sodium chloride has achieved a synergistic effect in improving the survival rate of Leiocassis longirostris, and the combined use effect is far better than the sum of the effects of the two substances used alone. Both senecio and sodium chloride have good effects in preventing saprolegniasis, and they have a synergistic effect in improving the survival rate of fish, achieving an unexpected technical effect.

[0087] Table 1: Experimental results of the non-transportation treatment group and transportation treatment groups 1 - 11

[0088] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics known in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate, characterized in that, It includes a post - transportation temporary rearing unit; The post - transportation temporary rearing unit includes a first post - transportation temporary rearing pond, a second post - transportation temporary rearing pond, a third post - transportation temporary rearing pond, a fourth post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and a fifth post - transportation temporary rearing pond, which are arranged in sequence according to the aquaculture time order; The first post - transportation temporary rearing pond contains 3.5 - 5 ppm of oxytetracycline, 3 - 5‰ of sodium chloride, 1 - 2 ppm of vitamin C, and 2 - 4 mg / L of Chinese herbal medicine preparation; The second post - transportation temporary rearing pond is formed by the following method: drain half of the aquaculture water in the first post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and supplement fresh aquaculture water, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation to obtain the second post - transportation temporary rearing pond; in the second post - transportation temporary rearing pond, the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation are 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm, and 2 - 4 mg / L respectively; The third post - transportation temporary rearing pond is formed by the following method: drain half of the aquaculture water in the second post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and supplement fresh aquaculture water, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation to obtain the third post - transportation temporary rearing pond; in the third post - transportation temporary rearing pond, the final concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation are 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, and 2 - 4 mg / L respectively; The fourth post - transportation temporary rearing pond is formed by the following method: drain one - third of the aquaculture water in the third post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and supplement fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fourth post - transportation temporary rearing pond; The fifth post - transportation temporary rearing pond is formed by the following method: drain one - third of the aquaculture water in the fourth post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and supplement fresh aquaculture water to obtain the fifth post - transportation temporary rearing pond; The raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine preparation are senecio scandens and / or Chinese gall; 2. The transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 1, wherein, Both the first post - transportation temporary rearing pond and the second post - transportation temporary rearing pond are used for culturing leiocassis longirostris for one day; the third post - transportation temporary rearing pond, the fourth post - transportation temporary rearing pond, and the fifth post - transportation temporary rearing pond are used for culturing leiocassis longirostris for two days.

3. The transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 2, wherein, The Chinese herbal medicine preparation is prepared by the following method: senecio scandens and / or Chinese gall are decocted and extracted to obtain the Chinese herbal medicine preparation.

4. The transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a transportation unit; the transportation unit includes a fish truck; the fish truck is filled with aquaculture water, and the mass ratio of fish to aquaculture water is 1:4 - 1:6; liquid oxygen is supplemented in the aquaculture water, and the dissolved oxygen content is 3 - 5 mg / L.

5. The transportation system for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pre - transportation treatment unit; the pre - transportation treatment unit includes a pre - transportation temporary rearing pond; the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond is filled with aquaculture water added with copper sulfate, and the aquaculture water is pond water that has been disinfected; the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond is used for culturing leiocassis longirostris for 1 - 2 days before transportation; leiocassis longirostris is subjected to fasting treatment for 2 - 3 days before transportation.

6. A transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve the survival rate, characterized in that, It includes the following steps carried out in sequence: S1 Pre - transportation preparation: Before transportation, leiocassis longirostris is subjected to fasting treatment and cultured in the pre - transportation temporary rearing pond containing copper sulfate; S2 Transportation: During transportation, the ratio of leiocassis longirostris to aquaculture water is maintained at 1:4 - 1:6, and liquid oxygen is used to oxygenate the water body, and the dissolved oxygen of the aquaculture water is kept at 3 - 5 mg / L; S3 Post - transportation temporary rearing: Transfer leiocassis longirostris into the post - transportation temporary rearing pond; On the first day when leiocassis longirostris is put into the pond, oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and Chinese herbal medicine preparation are added to the aquaculture water in the post - transportation temporary rearing pond; On the second day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, drain half of the water in the pond, replenish fresh culture water, and add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparations. On the third day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, drain half of the water in the pond, replenish fresh culture water, and add oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine preparations. On the fifth day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and replenish fresh culture water. On the seventh day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, drain one-third of the water in the pond and replenish fresh culture water. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation is obtained by decocting and extracting Senecio scandens or Chinese gall.

7. The transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve the survival rate according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S1, the Leiocassis longirostris are starved 2 - 3 days before transportation; the Leiocassis longirostris are cultured in the pre-transport temporary culture pond 1 - 2 days before transportation; the pre-transport temporary culture pond has been sterilized and is filled with culture water added with copper sulfate; the culture water is pond water that has been disinfected and aerated.

8. A transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S2, replace the fresh culture water every 10 - 12 hours.

9. The transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve the survival rate according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S3, on the first day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparation in the culture water of the post-transport temporary culture pond are respectively: 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm and 2 - 4 mg / L. On the second day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride, vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicine preparation in the culture water of the post-transport temporary culture pond are respectively; 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰, 1 - 2 ppm and 2 - 4 mg / L. On the third day after the Leiocassis longirostris are put into the pond, the concentrations of oxytetracycline, sodium chloride and Chinese herbal medicine preparation in the culture water of the post-transport temporary culture pond are respectively; 3.5 - 5 ppm, 3 - 5‰ and 2 - 4 mg / L.

10. A transportation method for culturing Leiocassis longirostris to improve survival rate according to claim 9, characterized in that, After S3, transfer the Leiocassis longirostris to the fishpond.

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