Ultra-wideband traveling wave tube

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high-frequency electronics, and discloses an ultra-wideband traveling wave tube which comprises a focusing control electron gun, a slow wave system and a three-stage depressed collector. The focusing control electron gun is used for providing stable electron beams and realizing effective focusing and acceleration of the electron beams through a cathode assembly, a heating wire, a bunching electrode and an anode assembly which are accurately designed; the slow wave system is composed of an input high frequency and an output high frequency, high-efficiency energy exchange between an input signal and an electron beam is ensured through a conical spiral line and a composite tube shell structure, and therefore signal amplification is achieved. The three-stage depressurization collector effectively recovers residual electron beams through a step-by-step depressurization design, energy loss is reduced, and the total efficiency of the traveling wave tube is improved. The traveling wave tube can provide output power exceeding 100 W in the frequency band of 2-18 GHz, the gain is larger than 25 dB, and the total efficiency is larger than 30%. Due to the excellent performance, the method can be widely applied to the fields of communication, radar, electronic countermeasures and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of high-frequency electronic technology, and specifically to an ultra-wideband traveling wave tube. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of modern communication, radar, and electronic countermeasure technologies, the demand for ultra-wideband and high-power amplifiers is increasing day by day, especially in the frequency range of 2 - 18 GHz. As an efficient electronic amplifier, the traveling wave tube is widely used in these fields because it can provide high gain and high-power output. However, the existing traveling wave tube technology has some deficiencies in certain aspects and urgently needs to be improved.

[0003] The traveling wave tubes in the prior art generally have the problem of limited bandwidth. Many traditional traveling wave tubes can only operate in a relatively narrow frequency band and are difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-wideband applications. In addition, during operation, the traveling wave tube often encounters the problem of low energy conversion efficiency, failing to effectively recover the remaining electron beam, resulting in a large amount of energy waste, thereby reducing the overall efficiency of the system. Although some traveling wave tubes adopt a depressed collector to recover the electron beam, the traditional depressed design may cause electron inversion, affecting the stable flow of the electron beam and further affecting the overall operating stability and efficiency of the traveling wave tube.

[0004] In addition, the existing slow-wave systems often lack fine control of the dispersion characteristics during design, resulting in unstable amplification effects of signals and making it difficult to achieve high gain and low-distortion output. At the same time, due to the heat problem caused by high-power output, the heat dissipation capacity of traditional traveling wave tubes is insufficient, and the phenomenon of overheating is likely to occur, further affecting their long-term operating performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, which solves the problems of low efficiency, insufficient energy recovery, and poor stability of the existing traveling wave tubes in a wide frequency band range.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, comprising:

[0008] A focusing control electron gun for providing an electron beam;

[0009] A slow-wave system connected to the focusing control electron gun for exchanging energy with the electron beam and amplifying the input signal;

[0010] A three-stage depressed collector connected to the slow-wave system for recovering the remaining electron beam and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the traveling wave tube.

[0011] Preferably, the focusing control electron gun includes:

[0012] The electron gun tail cover, the electron gun shell assembly, the electron gun core assembly and the anode assembly;

[0013] The electron gun core assembly includes:

[0014] The cathode assembly, which is fixed by being installed inside the cathode support cylinder;

[0015] The heating filament, which is spiral, one end is fixedly connected to the cathode support cylinder, and the other end is connected to the electron gun shell assembly through an insulating porcelain;

[0016] The anode assembly includes:

[0017] The first anode, which is located between the buncher electrode and the second anode;

[0018] The second anode, which is fixed by being installed in the middle of the electron gun magnetic screen, and the electron gun magnetic screen is fixed on the gun shell sealing ring;

[0019] The gun shell sealing ring is fixed by being installed at the end of the electron gun shell assembly;

[0020] The electron gun tail cover and the anode assembly are respectively fixed at both ends of the electron gun shell assembly to form the complete structure of the electron gun.

[0021] Preferably, the electron gun shell assembly is made of alumina corrugated ceramic material.

[0022] Preferably, the electron gun tail cover and the anode assembly are respectively fixed at both ends of the electron gun shell assembly by argon arc welding.

[0023] Preferably, the slow wave system includes an input high frequency and an output high frequency;

[0024] The input high frequency includes:

[0025] The input helix, which is installed in the inner hole of the input tube shell and is concentric with the input tube shell;

[0026] The input clamping rod, which trisects and fixes the input helix, and the input helix and the input clamping rod are fixed by a hot push fitting method;

[0027] The output high frequency includes:

[0028] The output helix, which is installed in the inner hole of the output tube shell and is concentric with the output tube shell;

[0029] The output clamping rod, which trisects and fixes the output helix, and the output helix and the output clamping rod are fixed by a hot push fitting method.

[0030] Preferably, there is a cut-off section of 2 mm to 3 mm between the input helix and the output helix, and the input high frequency and the output high frequency are fixed by argon arc welding to form the entire slow wave system.

[0031] Preferably, both the input helix and the output helix are conical helices.

[0032] Preferably, the three-stage depressed collector includes:

[0033] A collector magnetic shield, a collector ceramic column, a first collector core, a second collector core, a third collector core, a collector end cap, and a collector sleeve;

[0034] The first collector core, the second collector core, and the third collector core are fixed through the card slots on the ceramic column and are installed inside the collector sleeve;

[0035] The collector magnetic shield and the collector end cap are respectively fixed at both ends of the collector sleeve.

[0036] Preferably, the electrode leads in the first collector core, the second collector core, and the third collector core are led out through the collector ceramic column with a central through hole, welded to the core column in the collector end cap, and finally welded to the collector magnetic shield by argon arc welding to form a complete three-stage depressed collector.

[0037] Preferably, the first collector core, the second collector core, and the third collector core are fixed to the collector ceramic column and the collector sleeve through a magnetic extrusion process.

[0038] The present invention provides an ultra-wideband traveling wave tube. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The traveling wave tube of the present invention covers a wide frequency band range of 2 - 18 GHz, meeting the requirements for ultra-wideband and high-frequency signal amplification in modern communication, radar, and electronic countermeasure fields. This traveling wave tube can maintain stable performance and high gain within a wide frequency band range and is suitable for various high-frequency application scenarios.

[0040] 2. The present invention adopts a three-stage depressed collector structure, effectively recovering the remaining electron beam, reducing energy loss, and improving the overall efficiency of the traveling wave tube. Through optimized depressed design, the overall efficiency of the traveling wave tube exceeds 30%, and it can maintain efficient and stable operation under full duty cycle conditions.

[0041] 3. Through the focusing control electron gun and the slow wave system of the present invention, this traveling wave tube can provide a stable electron beam current and achieve high-power output through efficient energy exchange. After simulation tests, the output power can reach or exceed 100 W, and the gain is greater than 25 dB, ensuring the reliability and stability of the system in high-power applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the focusing control electron gun structure of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the slow wave system structure of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the three-stage depressed collector of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Simulation result diagram of the focusing control electron gun of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the key parameters of the slow wave system of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 Simulation result of the three-stage depressed collector of the ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 4 , the embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, which is widely used in the fields of military electronic countermeasure, communication, radar system, etc. This traveling wave tube meets the requirements of modern communication and radar systems for high power, high gain, and high frequency bandwidth through its ultra-wideband characteristics covering the 2-18 GHz frequency band and efficient energy conversion ability. The following will describe the implementation manners of the present invention in detail.

[0052] The 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube includes a focusing control electron gun 1, a slow wave system 2 connected to the focusing control electron gun 1, and a three-stage depressed collector 3 connected to the slow wave system 2.

[0053] As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, the focusing control electron gun 1 is an important component for providing a stable electron beam for the 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube. Its design takes into account factors such as high voltage, focusing of the stable electron beam, and efficient electron beam supply, ensuring the efficient operation of the traveling wave tube within the ultra-wideband frequency band.

[0054] The focusing control electron gun 1 includes the following main parts: the electron gun end cap 1-1, the electron gun housing assembly 1-2, the electron gun core assembly 1-3, and the anode assembly 1-4. Each part works together to jointly realize the generation and acceleration of the electron beam.

[0055] The electron gun end cap 1-1 and the electron gun housing assembly 1-2 are fixed by argon arc welding to form a closed structure. The main function of the end cap 1-1 is to provide an external connection interface for the electron gun and play a role in closed protection to prevent the leakage of high-voltage electric fields. The electron gun housing assembly 1-2, as the support and protection structure of the electron gun, is made of alumina corrugated ceramic material, which has good high-voltage and temperature resistance performance, and adopts a metallized sealing structure to ensure that there will be no structural loosening or unstable connection during the working process.

[0056] The electron gun core assembly 1-3 is the core part of the electron gun, mainly composed of the cathode assembly 6, the heating filament 8, and the buncher electrode 10-1. The cathode assembly 6 is fixed inside the cathode support cylinder 7 and stably releases an electron beam under the working voltage of 4 kV to 5 kV, and the current remains in the range of 1 A to 1.2 A, ensuring the stable output and smooth pulsation of the electron beam. This design can effectively converge the electron beam and guide it into the slow-wave system to generate energy exchange with electromagnetic waves.

[0057] The heating filament 8 is spiral-shaped and plays a role in heating the cathode assembly 6. The two ends of the filament are respectively connected to the cathode support cylinder 7 and the electron gun housing assembly 1-2. One end is fixed inside the cathode support cylinder 7, and the other end is connected to the electron gun housing assembly 1-2 through the insulating porcelain 9 to ensure that no electrical short circuit or other unstable factors will be caused during the heating process. The spiral structure design of the filament makes the heating process more uniform, ensuring the stable operation of the cathode assembly.

[0058] The buncher electrode 10-1 is located between the cathode assembly 6 and the first anode 10, and its function is to focus the electron beam to ensure the stability and accuracy of the electron beam during transmission. The first anode 10 is located between the buncher electrode 10-1 and the second anode 11, providing the electric field required to accelerate the electron beam.

[0059] The anode assembly 1-4 includes the first anode 10 and the second anode 11. The structural design between the first anode 10 and the cathode assembly 6 ensures that the electron beam can be quickly accelerated and, together with the buncher electrode 10-1, focuses the electron beam. The second anode 11 is fixed by being installed in the middle of the electron gun magnetic screen 4, and the electron gun magnetic screen 4 plays a role in shielding external electromagnetic interference, ensuring the stability of the electric field inside the electron gun and preventing interference with the stable flow of the electron beam.

[0060] The end of the electron gun housing assembly 1-2 is fixed by the gun housing sealing ring 5, and the gun housing sealing ring 5 and the electron gun magnetic screen 4 are fixed by argon arc welding. This welding connection method ensures the strength and sealing of the overall structure of the electron gun, preventing electrical short circuits or mechanical looseness during operation.

[0061] In this embodiment, through the mutual cooperation of these structural components, the focusing control electron gun 1 realizes the stable output and acceleration of the electron beam, meeting the high-efficiency working requirements of the traveling wave tube in the 2-18 GHz frequency band. The selected materials and design optimizations enable the electron gun to operate stably in a high-voltage and high-frequency working environment and provide a stable and smooth electron beam current for the slow-wave system.

[0062] In summary, the focusing control electron gun 1 in this embodiment, through reasonable structural design and precise connection methods, ensures that the traveling wave tube can operate efficiently and stably under high-frequency and high-power conditions, provides a reliable electron beam source for the entire 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, supports the signal amplification process, and ultimately achieves the technical goals of this traveling wave tube.

[0063] As Figure 3 shown, in this embodiment, the slow-wave system 2 is an important part of the 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, undertaking the key tasks of energy exchange and signal amplification with the electron beam. To achieve high-efficiency signal amplification in the ultra-wideband range, the slow-wave system adopts an optimized structural design and advanced assembly technology to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system.

[0064] The slow-wave system 2 includes an input high-frequency part 2-3 and an output high-frequency part 2-4. Among them, the input high-frequency part 2-3 includes an input helix 12, an input clamping rod 13, an input energy transmission device 2-1, and a periodic permanent magnet focusing system 2-2. The output high-frequency part 2-4 includes an output helix 14, an output clamping rod 15, an output energy transmission device 2-5, and a periodic permanent magnet focusing system 2-2. The input high-frequency and the output high-frequency are separated by a cut-off section of 2 mm to 3 mm to ensure that the input and output signals do not interfere with each other, and an argon arc welding is used to form a stable structure of the entire slow-wave system.

[0065] Specifically, both the input helix 12 and the output helix 14 are installed in the inner bores of the input housing and the output housing and are concentric with the housing. Both the input helix 12 and the output helix 14 adopt a conical helix design, which effectively improves the signal transmission efficiency and optimizes the propagation characteristics of the signal in the slow-wave system. The function of the input clamping rod 13 and the output clamping rod 15 is to fix the input helix 12 and the output helix 14 to ensure that they maintain a stable geometric shape during operation. The clamping rod adopts a three-equal-part clamping method, where the smaller end of the clamping rod contacts the outer surface of the helix and the other end contacts the inner bore of the housing. Through the hot-pushing assembly method, the input helix 12 and the output helix 14 are firmly fixed, ensuring the stability of signal transmission and the durability of the helix structure.

[0066] The input high-frequency part and the output high-frequency part are separated by a cut-off section of 2 mm to 3 mm. This design effectively avoids the mutual interference between the input and the output and ensures the purity of signal transmission. The input high-frequency part 2 - 3 is connected to the output high-frequency part 2 - 4 by argon arc welding to form a compact and stable slow-wave system.

[0067] The slow-wave system in this embodiment adopts a U-shaped loaded composite housing structure. By combining U-shaped loading and the use of composite materials, this housing structure not only improves the high-temperature resistance and electromagnetic interference resistance of the system but also ensures the stability under high-power and high-frequency working conditions. Through the optimization design using the three-dimensional simulation software MTSS, the inner diameter R of the housing c , the inner diameter R of the helix a and the loading distance R L -R a and other key dimensions are precisely controlled. Specifically, R c = 2.5 mm to 3 mm, R a = 0.6 mm to 0.9 mm, R L -R a = 0.23 mm to 0.27 mm. The optimization of these dimensions ensures the minimization of the dispersion distribution of the slow-wave system within the working frequency band, thereby achieving efficient signal amplification and energy transmission.

[0068] After the input signal enters the slow-wave system through the input power feeding device, the signal advances along the helix and undergoes high-frequency interaction with the electron beam under the action of the periodic permanent magnet focusing system. During this process, the input signal is effectively amplified through the energy exchange with the electron beam. The amplified signal is finally output through the output power feeding device to achieve high-power output.

[0069] The periodic permanent magnet focusing system 2-2 plays a crucial role in the entire slow wave system. This system provides a stable magnetic field through permanent magnets to focus the electron beam, ensuring the maximization of the energy exchange efficiency between the electron beam and electromagnetic waves. Through this design, the slow wave system can maintain stable working performance under high-frequency and high-power conditions, meeting the requirements for high gain and high-power output within the 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband frequency band.

[0070] In summary, through reasonable structural design and optimized assembly process, the slow wave system in this embodiment ensures the efficient transmission and amplification of input signals. The conical design of the helix, the stable fixing method of the clamping rod, the reasonable spacing of the cut-off section, and the efficient operation of the periodic permanent magnet focusing system work together to enable the slow wave system to work stably and efficiently within the ultra-wideband frequency band, providing strong support for the signal amplification process of the entire traveling wave tube.

[0071] As Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, the three-stage depressed collector 3 is a key component in the 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube. Its main function is to recover the remaining electron beam after the energy exchange between the slow wave system and the electron beam, and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency of the traveling wave tube. Through the carefully designed three-stage depressed structure, this collector can not only optimize energy recovery, but also effectively reduce the electron reversal problem that may be caused after voltage depression, thereby improving the electron beam throughput and working stability of the traveling wave tube.

[0072] The three-stage depressed collector 3 includes multiple key components: the collector magnetic screen 3-1, the collector ceramic column 3-2, three collector cores 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, the collector end cap 3-6, and the collector sleeve 3-7. These components cooperate with each other through ingenious design and precise assembly methods to ensure the efficient operation of the collector.

[0073] The collector core 3-3, the second collector core 3-4, and the third collector core 3-5 are respectively fixed through the card slots on the collector ceramic column 3-2 and installed inside the collector sleeve 3-7. Each collector core is fixed to the collector ceramic column and the collector sleeve through the magnetic extrusion process, thus ensuring the stable connection between the components of the collector. The magnetic extrusion process can provide a strong pressing force, ensuring that each component can still maintain a tight mechanical connection under high-frequency and high-voltage working conditions, avoiding loosening phenomena that may be caused by thermal expansion or other mechanical stresses.

[0074] The collector porcelain post 3-2 plays an electrical insulation role in the entire collector, and its internal electrode lead is led out through the central through-hole. The electrode lead is finally welded to the core post 16 in the collector end cap 3-6 to ensure that the electron beam can be stably recycled through the electrode lead. During the welding process, the argon arc welding technology is used to fix the connection point between the collector porcelain post and the collector magnetic screen 3-1, forming a compact and stable structure.

[0075] The core function of the collector is to recycle the electron beam that has not been fully converted into energy in the slow-wave system, and this process is achieved through a three-stage voltage reduction structure. The design of the three-stage voltage reduction collector can effectively step down the high-energy electron beam, reduce the instability that may be caused by electron inversion, and further improve the flow rate of the electron beam. Through this design, the efficiency of the collector reaches about 55%, so that the overall efficiency of the traveling wave tube exceeds 30%. This performance index has been verified through a large number of simulation calculations and tube installation tests, ensuring the efficient energy utilization of the traveling wave tube.

[0076] The design of the collector also pays special attention to the heat dissipation problem. In order to effectively conduct the heat generated by the collector during operation in time, the collector cylinder is directly welded to the bottom plate. This structure enhances the heat dissipation ability, enabling the collector to maintain a stable temperature under long-term high-power operation, and avoiding the problem of affecting the system performance due to excessive temperature.

[0077] Finally, through the design of this three-stage voltage reduction structure, the collector can significantly improve the efficiency of the traveling wave tube and ensure its stability and efficient operation under full duty cycle conditions. Generally speaking, the three-stage voltage reduction collector in this embodiment not only solves the electron inversion problem in the traditional structure, but also optimizes the thermal management, improves the efficiency of the entire traveling wave tube, and ensures the high efficiency and stability of the traveling wave tube in the ultra-wideband frequency band.

[0078] Embodiment 2:

[0079] Perform performance tests on the 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The specific test results are shown in Table 1:

[0080] Table 1 Performance test results of 2-18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube

[0081]

[0082] Table 1 shows the three main performance indicators of the traveling wave tube: output power, gain, and overall efficiency. The measured value of the output power is greater than or equal to 100 watts (W), which proves that the traveling wave tube can provide high-power output within the full frequency band and meet the requirements of high-power application scenarios. The gain test results show that the gain value is greater than or equal to 25 dB, indicating that the traveling wave tube can effectively amplify the input signal and maintain a high gain level during signal transmission. The overall efficiency test results show that the overall efficiency of the traveling wave tube is greater than or equal to 30%, which indicates that the traveling wave tube has a high energy utilization rate, can effectively recover and utilize the remaining electron beam, reduce energy loss, and thus ensure the high efficiency of the system.

[0083] Example 3:

[0084] In this example, various key parts of the 2 - 18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided in Example 1 were subjected to simulation tests to verify its performance and operating characteristics.

[0085] Figure 5 It is a simulation result diagram of the focusing control electron gun of the 2 - 18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention. This diagram shows the electron beam focusing process and the stability of the electron beam when the focusing control electron gun is in the working state.

[0086] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the key parameters of the slow-wave system of the 2 - 18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention. This diagram shows the key design parameters of the slow-wave system, including the structural dimensions of the input helix and the output helix, as well as their relationship with the input and output tube shells.

[0087] Figure 7 It is a simulation result diagram of the three-stage depressed collector of the 2 - 18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube provided by the present invention. This diagram shows how the three-stage depressed collector effectively avoids the electron inversion problem and improves the energy recovery efficiency through a step-by-step voltage reduction design during the process of recovering the electron beam.

[0088] Through these simulation results, it can be further verified that the performance of the design of the 2 - 18 GHz ultra-wideband traveling wave tube of the present invention on each key component meets the expectations, ensuring the high-efficiency operation and stable output of the traveling wave tube within the entire frequency band.

[0089] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband traveling wave tube, characterized in that: include: A focus-controlled electron gun (1) for providing electron beam; A slow wave system (2), connected to the focus-controlled electron gun (1), used for exchanging energy with the electron beam and amplifying the input signal; The three-stage step-down collector (3) is connected to the slow wave system (2) and is used to recover the remaining electron beam and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the traveling wave tube.

2. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focus-controlled electron gun (1) comprises: An electron gun tail cover (1-1), an electron gun shell assembly (1-2), an electron gun core assembly (1-3) and an anode assembly (1-4); The electron gun core assembly (1-3) comprises: A cathode assembly (6) is fixed by being installed in a cathode support cylinder (7); The heating wire (8) is spiral-shaped, one end of which is connected and fixed to the cathode support tube (7), and the other end of which is connected to the electron gun shell assembly (1-2) through insulating porcelain (9); The anode assembly (1-4) comprises: A first anode (10) is located between the bunching electrode (10-1) and the second anode (11); A second anode (11) is fixed by being installed in the middle of the electron gun magnetic shield (4), wherein the electron gun magnetic shield (4) is fixed on the gun housing sealing ring (5); The gun housing sealing ring (5) is fixed by being installed on the end of the electron gun housing assembly (1-2); The electron gun tail cover (1-1) and the anode assembly (1-4) are respectively fixed at two ends of the electron gun shell assembly (1-2) to form a complete structure of the electron gun.

3. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron gun shell component (1-2) is made of alumina corrugated ceramic material.

4. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron gun tail cover (1-1) and the anode assembly (1-4) are respectively fixed to the two ends of the electron gun shell assembly (1-2) by argon arc welding.

5. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow wave system (2) comprises an input high frequency (2-3) and an output high frequency (2-4); The input high frequency (2-3) includes: An input spiral (12) is installed in the inner hole of the input pipe shell and is concentric with the input pipe shell; An input clamping rod (13) is used to fix the input helical wire (12) in three equal parts, and the input helical wire (12) and the input clamping rod (13) are fixed by a hot push assembly method; The output high frequency (2-4) includes: An output spiral (14) is installed in the inner hole of the output pipe shell and is concentric with the output pipe shell; The output clamping rod (15) is used to fix the output helical wire (14) in three equal parts, and the output helical wire (14) and the output clamping rod (15) are fixed by a hot push assembly method.

6. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: There is a cut-off section of 2 mm to 3 mm between the input helical wire (12) and the output helical wire (14), and the input high frequency (2-3) and the output high frequency (2-4) are fixed by argon arc welding to form the entire slow wave system.

7. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 5, characterized in that: The input helical wire (12) and the output helical wire (14) are both conical helical wires.

8. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-stage step-down collector (3) comprises: A collector magnetic screen (3-1), a collector porcelain column (3-2), a collector core one (3-3), a collector core two (3-4), a collector core three (3-5), a collector tail cover (3-6) and a collector sleeve (3-7); The collecting electrode core 1 (3-3), the collecting electrode core 2 (3-4), and the collecting electrode core 3 (3-5) are fixed through the slots on the electrode porcelain column (3-2), and installed inside the collecting electrode sleeve (3-7); The collecting pole magnetic shield (3-1) and the collecting pole tail cover (3-6) are respectively fixed to the two ends of the collecting pole sleeve (3-7).

9. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electrode leads in the collector core 1 (3-3), the collector core 2 (3-4) and the collector core 3 (3-5) are led out through a collector porcelain column (3-2) having a central through hole, and are welded together with a core column (16) in a collector tail cover (3-6), and finally welded together with a collector magnetic shield (3-1) by argon arc welding to form a complete three-stage step-down collector.

10. The ultra-wideband traveling wave tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: The collecting pole core 1 (3-3), the collecting pole core 2 (3-4), the collecting pole core 3 (3-5), the collecting pole porcelain column (3-2) and the collecting pole sleeve (3-7) are fixed by a magnetic extrusion process.

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