Nerve block simulation training methods and related equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a nerve block simulation training method and related equipment. The method includes: constructing ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasonic information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associating the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information; tracking the relative position information and relative angle information of the simulated ultrasonic probe and the tissue simulator, and generating corresponding simulated ultrasonic images through the ultrasonic simulation model; tracking the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, taking the intersection of the coordinate range of the puncture needle and the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasonic probe section, obtaining the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasonic probe section, and converting the point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasonic image. It solves the problem that the simulated puncture site is limited, the clinical situation cannot be truly simulated, the efficiency of the transformation of simulation teaching to clinical practice is reduced, and the application value of actual clinical cases is lacking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of medical education, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a nerve block simulation training method and related equipment. Background Art

[0002] Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks have been widely used in clinical anesthesia and pain management. Ultrasound plays an important role in improving the success rate of nerve blocks and reducing related complications. In-plane technology ensures continuous real-time visualization of the puncture needle throughout the puncture process, which can minimize the risk of accidental nerve or tissue damage. Therefore, it is widely used in ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. However, for beginners in anesthesiology or pain management, ultrasound-guided nerve block technology is a challenging operation due to insufficient anatomical knowledge and operational experience. In particular, the in-plane technique requires excellent hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness to keep the needle in the ultrasound beam path, which requires beginners to continue learning and practice.

[0003] Current nerve block training simulators mostly simulate the arrangement structure and acoustic characteristics of bones, blood vessels, muscles, and nerves in specific parts of the body based on the anatomical structures of different parts of the body to conduct ultrasound-guided nerve block anesthesia training. However, most of the above simulators can only conduct ultrasound-guided nerve block training on a single tissue structure, and cannot meet the clinical training needs of nerve blocks in multiple parts of the body. At the same time, in actual clinical operations, the anesthesia nerve block operation plan and risk level vary according to factors such as the patient's anatomical structure, body position, and the operator's dominant hand. In current ultrasound-guided nerve block simulation teaching cases, the anatomical structure and placement of the puncture model are usually fixed, and the puncture approach methods are limited, which cannot truly simulate clinical conditions, greatly reducing the efficiency of the transformation of simulation teaching to clinical practice, and also lacking the application value of actual clinical cases.

[0004] Furthermore, some current clinical nerve block procedures are difficult to perform, often relying on X-ray fluoroscopy and CT-guided positioning. Mainstream ultrasound-guided block protocols (e.g., trigeminal ganglion block) are lacking. Compared to ultrasound, these methods are not only expensive, lack real-time feedback on puncture status, but also increase radiation exposure for both the operator and the patient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The Summary of the Invention introduces a series of simplified concepts that will be further described in the Detailed Description of the Invention. The Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key features and essential features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0006] In order to solve the problem that the simulated puncture sites are limited and the clinical situation cannot be realistically simulated, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the transition from simulation teaching to clinical practice and lacks the application value of actual clinical cases, ultrasound-guided nerve block requires excellent hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness to keep the needle in the ultrasound beam path, and requires beginners to continue learning and practice. In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a nerve block simulation training method, which includes:

[0007] Based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are constructed, and the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are associated with the tissue simulator through coordinate information;

[0008] Tracking the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generating a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model;

[0009] Track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0010] Optionally, obtaining pressure intensity information of the simulated ultrasound probe;

[0011] A usage trigger feedback signal is generated based on the relative position information, relative angle information and pressure intensity information between the tracking simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator. The usage trigger feedback signal is used to change the simulated ultrasound section image in the simulated ultrasound information to indicate tissue deformation and / or blood vessel visibility change.

[0012] Optionally, also include:

[0013] Generate puncture scenario information based on simulated patient conditions;

[0014] The posture of the tissue simulator is adjusted based on the puncture scene information.

[0015] Optionally, also include:

[0016] Automatically record the time from the needle tip piercing the tissue simulator to the successful blockade;

[0017] The operator's operation was evaluated based on the degree and time of coplanarity between the simulated ultrasound probe section and the nerve block needle, as well as the total time for the needle tip to approach the target nerve.

[0018] Optionally, also include:

[0019] Collect CT and / or MRI imaging data sets of tissue structures in the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient during the non-puncture phase;

[0020] Performing three-dimensional reconstruction based on the tissue structure CT and / or MRI image data set to construct a three-dimensional image of the target anesthesia operation area and the tissue structure;

[0021] Based on the conversion of CT and / or MRI image simulations into ultrasound image signals, the target blocked nerve or area is set, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed to practice and comprehensively analyze different puncture routes for the target patient and select an ultrasound-guided nerve block scheme.

[0022] Optionally, the conversion of CT and / or MRI image simulation into ultrasound image signals, setting a target blocked nerve or area, and constructing a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage includes:

[0023] Perform tissue segmentation based on CT and / or MRI imaging datasets and correspond to actual tissues to extract and analyze their acoustic properties;

[0024] By constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system, the three-dimensionally reconstructed CT and / or MRI imaging data are converted point-by-point into ultrasound imaging data, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed.

[0025] Optionally, also include:

[0026] During the practice of different puncture approaches on target patients, the magnetic field is used to simulate the force changes of the puncture needle entering different tissue types, providing the operator with a simulation process experience similar to that of real tissue.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a nerve block simulation training device, comprising:

[0028] A modeling unit is used to construct ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associate the ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information;

[0029] an ultrasound image simulation unit, configured to track relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generate a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model;

[0030] The puncture needle simulation unit is used to track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert it point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0031] In a third aspect, an electronic device comprises: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps of the nerve block simulation training method according to any one of the first aspects described above when executing the computer program stored in the memory.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the above-mentioned nerve block simulation training methods of the first aspect.

[0033] In summary, the nerve block simulation training method proposed in this application constructs ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasonic information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associates the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information; tracks the relative position information and relative angle information of the simulated ultrasonic probe and the tissue simulator, and generates corresponding simulated ultrasonic images through the ultrasonic simulation model; tracks the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersects the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasonic probe section, obtains the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasonic probe section, and converts the point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasonic image. By combining virtual simulation, real-time feedback, physical simulation and other technologies, the teaching and training of nerve block is innovatively separated from actual ultrasonic imaging, allowing operators to conduct multi-site nerve block exercises according to actual teaching purposes without being restricted by time, resources or patient conditions, with simple operation and cost savings. At the same time, based on the visual experience of simulated ultrasound-guided nerve block provided by virtual imaging, the present invention adds an actual tissue simulator and nerve block needle to provide a practical operation experience, which can train the mutual coordination between the ultrasound probe and the nerve block needle, and conduct training on puncture needle positioning and puncture approach.

[0034] The nerve block simulation training method of the present invention, and other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and will also be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present description. The same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart of a nerve block simulation training method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a nerve block simulation training device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for nerve block simulation training provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of a nerve block simulation training method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments.

[0041] In order to solve the problem of limited simulated puncture sites and inability to simulate clinical conditions, the efficiency of simulation teaching to clinical practice is greatly reduced, and the application value of actual clinical cases is lacking. However, ultrasound-guided nerve block requires excellent hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness to keep the needle in the ultrasound beam path, which requires continuous learning and practice for beginners. Please refer to Figure 1 , is a flowchart of a nerve block simulation training method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which may specifically include: steps S110 to S130.

[0042] S110, constructing ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associating the ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information.

[0043] S120 , tracking the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generating a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model.

[0044] S130, tracking the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, taking the intersection of the coordinate range of the puncture needle and the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtaining the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and converting the point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0045] It is understood that the simulated ultrasound probe is connected to a host computer system and receives the simulated ultrasound information coordinate system from the computer system. Simultaneously, the simulated ultrasound probe includes a tracker that monitors the probe's position and placement angle in real time and transmits coordinate information of the simulated ultrasound probe's scanning surface to the computer system in real time.

[0046] The nerve block needle is used by the operator to perform a simulated nerve block operation while being held in the hand. Similarly, the nerve block needle also carries a tracker (not shown) to monitor the position and angle of the nerve block needle in real time and transmit the coordinate information of the needle body and needle tip to the computer system in real time.

[0047] The tissue simulator is a reproducible material that simulates human tissue. Used in conjunction with the nerve block needle, it provides the operator with a realistic puncture experience. The simulator is equipped with retractable supports on either side, secured to the base. These supports are connected to the simulator via a transverse rotation axis. Mechanical knobs at either end of the axis control the rotation angle, allowing the simulator to be adjusted.

[0048] A three-dimensional anatomical structure is a virtual model reconstructed in three dimensions within a computer host system based on CT or MRI imaging data from a standard model or actual clinical patient data. This model is displayed in real time on the host system's display screen. A simulated ultrasound information coordinate system is constructed based on CT or MRI imaging data from a standard model or actual clinical patient data, with the target area as the center. Ultrasound imaging information at corresponding coordinate points is simulated based on various parameters in the imaging data. This information is then transmitted to a simulated ultrasound probe, enabling a complete simulation of ultrasound images without the use of ultrasound.

[0049] For example, the appearance of the simulated ultrasound probe can adopt conventional shapes in the art, including linear, convex, and array shapes, and can be modified according to actual conditions. While being held by a user to perform a simulated ultrasound-guided nerve block, the simulated ultrasound probe can change its position and angle relative to the tissue simulator. The tracker tracks and obtains the position and angle information of the simulated ultrasound probe and transmits the obtained position and angle information of the simulated ultrasound probe to the computer host system in real time, so that the computer host system obtains the scanning section coordinate system of the simulated ultrasound probe based on the position and angle information of the simulated ultrasound probe, and ultimately displays the simulated ultrasound section image on the display screen of the computer host system.

[0050] For example, in an embodiment of the present application, the tracker may include a camera, an optical motion capture system provided on a simulated ultrasound probe, and an inertial sensor provided on a nerve block needle, for tracking and obtaining spatial position information of the simulated ultrasound probe and the nerve block needle. By installing a reflective marker or sensor on the simulated ultrasound probe and using multiple high-speed cameras or camera arrays to track the position and angle of the marker in real time, the system will capture the spatial coordinates of the marker, thereby determining the position and orientation of the virtual probe, and sending the coordinate information of the simulated ultrasound probe section to the computer host system in real time. By installing the inertial sensor on the nerve block needle, especially at the needle tip, the motion trajectory of the nerve block needle can be directly obtained, and the needle track and needle tip coordinate information of the nerve block needle can be sent to the computer host system in real time.

[0051] For example, in the examples of this application, tissue simulators can be made of conventional human tissue-simulating, reproducible materials, including silicone, polyurethane, and natural rubber, to closely resemble actual human tissue, particularly simulating the characteristics of different tissues, such as blood vessels, nerves, muscle, and fat. Furthermore, the materials should be able to return to their original shape after being punctured or damaged. Furthermore, these simulated materials can provide a tactile sensation similar to real tissue, enhancing the realism of the simulation process.

[0052] In summary, the nerve block simulation training method provided in the embodiment of the present application constructs ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasonic information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associates the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information; tracks the relative position information and relative angle information of the simulated ultrasonic probe and the tissue simulator, and generates a corresponding simulated ultrasonic image through the ultrasonic simulation model; tracks the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersects the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasonic probe section, obtains the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasonic probe section, and converts the point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasonic image. By combining virtual simulation, real-time feedback, physical simulation and other technologies, the teaching and training of nerve block is innovatively separated from actual ultrasonic imaging, allowing operators to conduct multi-site nerve block exercises according to actual teaching purposes without being restricted by time, resources or patient conditions, with simple operation and cost savings. At the same time, based on the visual experience of simulated ultrasound-guided nerve block provided by virtual imaging, the present invention adds an actual tissue simulator and nerve block needle to provide a practical operation experience, which can train the mutual coordination between the ultrasound probe and the nerve block needle, and conduct training on puncture needle positioning and puncture approach.

[0053] According to some embodiments, further comprising:

[0054] Obtaining pressure intensity information of the simulated ultrasound probe;

[0055] A usage trigger feedback signal is generated based on the relative position information, relative angle information and pressure intensity information between the tracking simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator. The usage trigger feedback signal is used to change the simulated ultrasound section image in the simulated ultrasound information to indicate tissue deformation and / or blood vessel visibility change.

[0056] It can be understood that based on the tracker's real-time recording of the simulated ultrasound probe's position and angle information, the computer host system can obtain the coordinate range of the cross-sectional area of ​​the simulated ultrasound probe, and convert it point-to-point into a simulated ultrasound image based on the simulated ultrasound information, and present it in Interface 2 of the computer host system to simulate the visual experience of actually using ultrasound.

[0057] For example, the simulated ultrasound image will trigger a feedback signal based on the use of the simulated ultrasound probe. Based on the pressure sensor information of the simulated ultrasound probe, when the pressure exceeds a certain limit, the host computer system will change the simulated ultrasound information in real time according to the intensity of the pressure, and deformation or vascular changes will appear in the simulated ultrasound cross-sectional image. Taking the popliteal sciatic nerve block as an example, when the simulated ultrasound probe is placed in the correct position, the pulsation of the popliteal artery and popliteal vein can be seen on the second interface of the computer host system. If the operator presses the simulated ultrasound probe with force exceeding a certain limit during the simulated scan, the popliteal vein can be flattened or even disappear.

[0058] In some examples, this also includes:

[0059] Generate puncture scenario information based on simulated patient conditions;

[0060] The posture of the tissue simulator is adjusted based on the puncture scene information.

[0061] Exemplarily, the tissue simulator is equipped with retractable supports on both sides, secured to the base. These supports utilize a slide rail structure or locking mechanism to precisely adjust the length of the supports, thereby adjusting the height or position of the simulator to suit different training scenarios. The slide rails and locking mechanism ensure smooth retraction and securely secure the simulator in the desired position. The retractable supports can be made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, which are lightweight, durable, and highly corrosion-resistant, making them suitable for long-term use. The two supports are connected to the tissue simulator via a transverse rotation axis, which allows for adjustment of the simulator's rotation angle to simulate different puncture angles or to different puncture planes (e.g., horizontal or vertical). The rotation axis and related connecting parts can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, which are high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and provide stable rotation. Ceramic or ball bearings can be used for bearings to reduce friction and ensure long-term stability. Mechanical knobs are located at each end of the transverse rotation axis to control the rotation angle of the tissue simulator. The knob can be made of ABS plastic or aluminum alloy, and is ergonomic, easy to hold, and can provide sufficient rotational resistance to prevent accidental rotation during adjustment. At the same time, the knob can be connected to the rotating shaft through a gear or threaded mechanism to provide precise angle control. In addition, a digital scale or ruler is provided on the knob to help users quickly locate the angle. In order to ensure that the tissue simulator can be stably fixed in the desired position after adjusting the angle, a fixing device can also be used. The fixing part can use a silicone gasket or rubber pad to avoid damaging the surface of the simulator, while increasing friction so that the simulator is stably fixed on the bracket. The fixing device ensures that the tissue simulator remains stable after adjusting the angle to avoid displacement or loosening during training.

[0062] For example, based on the training goal, the operator can select a training target area from a preset section of the computer host system, and a three-dimensional anatomical diagram of the area will be displayed in Interface 1 of the computer host system display screen. The preset sections include, but are not limited to, the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve, lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, sciatic nerve, saphenous nerve, peroneal nerve, scalp nerve, thoracic paravertebral nerve, intercostal nerve, stellate ganglion, etc.

[0063] For example, a suitable puncture route can be selected according to the simulation scenario and tissue location, and the angle of the tissue simulator can be adjusted.

[0064] Taking paravertebral nerve block, which is commonly used in chest or abdominal surgery (such as thoracoscopic surgery, pain management for rib fractures, etc.), as an example, in order to facilitate trainees to simulate real scenarios, a transverse rotation axis and a retractable bracket are used to set the operating surface of the tissue simulator to face the operator, simulating the patient's lateral position, which facilitates the simulation of puncture operations from the patient's back.

[0065] For example, the operator establishes a coordinate system at the zero point of the block simulator using a simulated ultrasound probe, and corresponds the simulated ultrasound information coordinate system to the tissue simulator.

[0066] It is understood that after selecting the training target area, the simulated ultrasound probe enters the zero-point query state. Simultaneously, the host computer system's display screen displays the simulated ultrasound probe's placement (parallel to the operator's shoulder or perpendicular to the operator's shoulder). After adjusting the position and angle of the tissue simulator, the operator follows the on-screen instructions to vertically position the ultrasound simulation probe at the tissue simulator's zero point. The host computer system then confirms the zero point and aligns the simulated ultrasound information coordinate system of the target area with the tissue simulator.

[0067] For example, the operator changes the position and angle of the ultrasound probe to display a simulated ultrasound image of the simulated ultrasound probe section in real time in Interface 2 of the computer host system display screen.

[0068] For example, the operator operates the simulated puncture needle to select a suitable puncture route to complete the puncture operation.

[0069] It can be understood that based on the tracker's real-time recording of the position and angle information of the nerve block needle, the computer host system can obtain the needle track and needle tip coordinate range of the nerve block needle. The computer host system intersects the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section to obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and converts it point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasound image, which is presented in Interface 2 of the computer host system to simulate the visual experience of an actual nerve block operation.

[0070] In some examples, this also includes:

[0071] Automatically record the time from the needle tip piercing the tissue simulator to the successful blockade;

[0072] The operator's operation was evaluated based on the degree and time of coplanarity between the simulated ultrasound probe section and the nerve block needle, as well as the total time for the needle tip to approach the target nerve.

[0073] It is understood that after the simulated injection is completed, the entire operation process is evaluated and displayed on the computer display screen. The evaluation content includes operation time, needle visualization score, blocking effect and learning curve.

[0074] Exemplarily, the computer host system automatically records the time from the needle tip piercing the tissue simulator to the successful blockade. The computer determines the standard for successful blockade as follows: within 3 minutes, the needle tip approaches the target nerve and the total holding time reaches 80% of the preset time, while not touching the vascular area. At the same time, the needle development score is given according to the coplanarity and time of the simulated ultrasound probe section and the nerve block needle. The total time the needle tip approaches the target nerve is used to judge the blocking effect. The operator's operation process is recorded and analyzed by the camera, and optimization space for the operation is given based on the displacement information of the operator's hand. After multiple operations, several different operations can be selected to construct a learning curve and analyze the learning status.

[0075] In some examples, this also includes:

[0076] Collect CT and / or MRI imaging data sets of tissue structures in the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient during the non-puncture phase;

[0077] Performing three-dimensional reconstruction based on the tissue structure CT and / or MRI image data set to construct a three-dimensional image of the target anesthesia operation area and the tissue structure;

[0078] Based on the conversion of CT and / or MRI image simulations into ultrasound image signals, the target blocked nerve or area is set, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed to practice and comprehensively analyze different puncture routes for the target patient and select an ultrasound-guided nerve block scheme.

[0079] It is understood that obtaining CT and MRI scan data of the target area ensures sufficient image quality and detailed coverage of the target anesthesia area. It also ensures that the image data is free of loss and significant artifacts or noise. If the data quality is low, denoising or enhancement can be used to improve the image quality. The patient's imaging data is imported into a host computer system. The system performs denoising and enhancement on the CT image of the target anesthesia area to optimize the target area, generating an optimized CT image of the patient's target area. Soft tissue resolution is performed on the MRI image of the target anesthesia area, generating an MRI image of the soft tissue region. The optimized CT image and MRI image of the soft tissue region are then merged to generate a three-dimensional image of the tissue features of the patient's target area. Finally, the system automatically or manually annotates the target anesthesia area and provides a three-dimensional model of specific anatomical regions (such as blood vessels, bones, and nerves). Using the aforementioned virtual-realistic nerve block simulation training system and method, the operator practices and comprehensively analyzes different puncture routes based on simulated ultrasound imaging signals from actual clinical patients, combined with a multi-angle tissue simulator, to select the most appropriate ultrasound-guided nerve block protocol.

[0080] In some examples, converting CT and / or MRI image simulations into ultrasound image signals, setting a target blocked nerve or area, and constructing a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage includes:

[0081] Perform tissue segmentation based on CT and / or MRI imaging datasets and correspond to actual tissues to extract and analyze their acoustic properties;

[0082] By constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system, the three-dimensionally reconstructed CT and / or MRI imaging data are converted point-by-point into ultrasound imaging data, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed.

[0083] As you can understand, tissue segmentation methods can be implemented using the following mainstream approaches: 1. Threshold segmentation: CT / MRI images are segmented using grayscale thresholds. Different tissues (such as bone, muscle, fat, and nerves) have different densities and grayscale values, so thresholds can be set to extract distinct tissue regions. 2. Region-based segmentation: Algorithms such as region growing and level set segmentation are used to automatically segment different tissue regions. 3. Multi-level segmentation: Different tissues have significantly different echogenicity characteristics, so different thresholds or segmentation strategies may be required to accurately segment and label different tissues, such as blood vessels, bone, and nerves. 2D slice data from CT / MRI images is converted into 3D data, and a 3D spatial coordinate system is constructed. Each tissue region is labeled as a 3D voxel (volume pixel). Within this space, each voxel can be described by attributes such as coordinate position, density value, and echo intensity. For each tissue point in the 3D coordinate system, density values ​​in the CT / MRI image are converted to echo intensity using a specific mapping method, with the center of the target region as the origin. This process maps the acoustic properties of the tissue and matches them to the echo signals from ultrasound imaging.

[0084] By converting CT and MRI image data into ultrasound signals, a simulation that closely resembles real ultrasound images can be provided. This allows operators to practice multiple nerve blocks based on specific teaching objectives, regardless of time, resources, or patient conditions. This provides a personalized and customized training environment. Using patient CT or MRI image data, training models can be customized for different patients and anatomical features. By setting tissue simulators at different angles, various puncture approaches (such as vertical, horizontal, or oblique) can be simulated. This flexibility provides operators with a wider range of training scenarios, enabling more comprehensive improvement in their skills and the ability to handle more complex puncture scenarios. Multimodal image integration and optimization enable virtual-realistic simulation training. Combining CT or MRI images with ultrasound provides operators with more comprehensive anatomical information. CT and MRI provide static, detailed anatomical information, while simulated ultrasound images provide dynamic, real-time feedback. This combination comprehensively presents the anatomical structures and relative positions of the target area. Furthermore, the tissue simulator and nerve block needle provide operators with a realistic operating experience, enhancing training effectiveness. Data can be recorded and tracked, providing personalized feedback and evaluation. During training, the system records the operator's operational data, including key parameters such as puncture angle, depth, and path. This data can be used for subsequent teaching evaluation, skill tracking, and improvement. The system provides analytical reports, allowing operators to understand their strengths and weaknesses and conduct targeted practice based on the feedback. This personalized learning and feedback mechanism can significantly improve training effectiveness.

[0085] In some examples, this also includes:

[0086] During the practice of different puncture approaches on target patients, the magnetic field is used to simulate the force changes of the puncture needle entering different tissue types, providing the operator with a simulation process experience similar to that of real tissue.

[0087] It's understandable that in a virtual-reality nerve block training system, in addition to using a physical tissue simulator, magnetic fields can also be used to simulate the force variations experienced by a puncture needle as it enters different tissue types. This method, based on magnetic damping, magnetic force control, and intelligent feedback mechanisms, recreates the varying mechanical resistance exerted on the puncture needle by different anatomical tissues (such as skin, fat, muscle, nerves, and blood vessels) in a virtual training environment, providing tactile feedback that more closely resembles a real puncture procedure. The electromagnetic field adjusts the needle's resistance to match the physical properties of different tissues. As the needle enters different tissues, its movement is modulated in real time by the magnetic field force, simulating the resistance and feedback of actual tissue. Different tissues (such as fat, muscle, nerves, and bone) have varying elasticity and resistance, and the puncture sensation can be simulated by adjusting the magnetic field strength. The system uses real-time sensors to detect needle position and force feedback, and adjusts the magnetic field based on different tissue types to provide real-time tactile feedback.

[0088] For example, a computer host system can be used to store patient CT / MRI data, create a three-dimensional anatomical model, and simulate ultrasound images in real time during puncture practice. Tissue mechanical properties are calculated, and magnetic field feedback is dynamically controlled. The magnetic feedback puncture needle can be made of a magnetizable alloy (such as iron-nickel alloy) and can be controlled by a magnetic field. A sensor array (strain gauges, accelerometers, etc.) measures force changes during puncture in real time. The electromagnetic field generator can consist of a coil array or electromagnets, arranged around the training area, to provide a variable magnetic field. Real-time adjustment of the current magnitude and direction changes the magnetic field intensity, thereby affecting the motion resistance of the puncture needle. The force feedback calculation module calculates the position, angle, and velocity of the puncture needle and adjusts the magnetic field intensity in real time. Accurate force feedback is generated by combining tissue physical parameters (density, elasticity, and viscosity). A user interface displays a virtual ultrasound image and the real-time trajectory of the puncture needle. Force feedback devices (such as a handle with haptic feedback) can also provide a hands-on experience.

[0089] For example, the patient's CT / MRI data is used to extract the tissue structure of the target area and analyze the density and elasticity of different tissues. Based on these biomechanical parameters, the penetration resistance of different tissues is calculated. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the mechanical changes caused by the needle entering different tissues. The target nerve region is selected, and different puncture routes are set in the virtual system. The optimal path for each route is calculated, and a visualization interface is provided under ultrasound guidance. As the operator advances the puncture needle, the system adjusts the magnetic field strength based on the needle's position and tissue type. For example, when entering the skin layer, the magnetic field generates a brief high resistance (simulating the sudden change during skin puncture). When passing through fat tissue, the resistance decreases, providing a low-friction feeling. When entering the muscle layer, the resistance increases, and a slight sticky feeling is felt (simulating the structure of muscle fibers). When approaching nerve tissue, the system adds vibration feedback to remind the operator to avoid nerve damage. If the needle contacts a blood vessel, the system generates a lateral deflection force through the magnetic field to simulate the recoil effect of the vessel. The computer records the puncture trajectory, operation time, and force feedback data and provides a score. The operator can replay the puncture process and optimize the technique. Therefore, traditional tissue simulators struggle to accurately simulate the resistance variations of different anatomical tissues. However, magnetic field feedback technology can dynamically adjust force feedback, making the puncture procedure more realistic. For example, by using a multi-layered resistance curve encompassing skin, fat, muscle, nerve, and blood vessels, it can simulate the puncture process of real human tissue. This solution can be combined with ultrasound guidance for training, allowing the operator to observe the puncture path within a virtual ultrasound image while experiencing realistic force feedback. Because the system creates a personalized anatomical model based on the patient's actual CT / MRI images, the puncture path and force feedback can be adjusted to suit the patient's anatomical characteristics. For example, for thin patients with thin subcutaneous fat, the magnetic field resistance curve can be adjusted to a steeper gradient. For obese patients with thicker fat layers, the puncture resistance changes more slowly. The system supports puncture practice at various angles, such as in-plane and out-of-plane punctures, and provides corresponding force feedback changes. For example, spinal ganglion blocks require a steeper needle insertion angle. The system can simulate needle tip contact with bone by adjusting the magnetic field, guiding the operator in adjusting the puncture angle.

[0090] For example, in a femoral nerve block, the target tissues are, in order: skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia lata, fascia iliacum, and femoral nerve. Force feedback can include the following stages: skin layer: high resistance and instant penetration; fat layer: low resistance and effortless advancement; fascia lata and fascia iliacum: moderate resistance with a small amount of vibration feedback (simulating fascial structures); and femoral nerve: reduced resistance but added slight vibration (to remind the operator to avoid nerve puncture).

[0091] See also Figure 2 An embodiment of the nerve block simulation training device in the embodiment of the present application may include:

[0092] A modeling unit 21 is configured to construct ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associate the ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information;

[0093] The ultrasound image simulation unit 22 is used to track the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generate a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model;

[0094] The puncture needle simulation unit 23 is used to track the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0095] In summary, the nerve block simulation training device provided in the embodiment of the present application constructs ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasonic information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associates the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information; tracks the relative position information and relative angle information of the simulated ultrasonic probe and the tissue simulator, and generates a corresponding simulated ultrasonic image through the ultrasonic simulation model; tracks the position information and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersects the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasonic probe section, obtains the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasonic probe section, and converts the point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasonic image. By combining virtual simulation, real-time feedback, physical simulation and other technologies, the teaching and training of nerve block is innovatively separated from actual ultrasonic imaging, allowing operators to conduct multi-site nerve block exercises according to actual teaching purposes without being restricted by time, resources or patient conditions, with simple operation and cost savings. At the same time, based on the visual experience of simulated ultrasound-guided nerve block provided by virtual imaging, the present invention adds an actual tissue simulator and nerve block needle to provide a practical operation experience, which can train the mutual coordination between the ultrasound probe and the nerve block needle, and conduct training on puncture needle positioning and puncture approach.

[0096] like Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 300, comprising a memory 310, a processor 320, and a computer program 311 stored in the memory 310 and executable on the processor. When the processor 320 executes the computer program 311, the steps of any of the above-mentioned methods for nerve block simulation training are implemented:

[0097] Based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are constructed, and the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are associated with the tissue simulator through coordinate information;

[0098] Tracking the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generating a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model;

[0099] Track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0100] Since the electronic device introduced in this embodiment is a device used to implement a nerve block simulation training device in the embodiment of the present application, based on the method introduced in the embodiment of the present application, technical personnel in this field can understand the specific implementation of the electronic device of this embodiment and its various variations. Therefore, how the electronic device implements the method in the embodiment of the present application will not be introduced in detail here. As long as the equipment used by technical personnel in this field to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0101] In the specific implementation process, the computer program 311 can be implemented when executed by the processor Figure 1 Any implementation manner in the corresponding embodiment:

[0102] Based on the standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are constructed, and the ultrasonic simulation models of different tissue parts are associated with the tissue simulator through coordinate information;

[0103] Tracking the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generating a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model;

[0104] Track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

[0105] like Figure 4 As shown, in the application scenario of the above solution, the actual operation hardware may include a simulated probe 410, a simulated nerve puncture needle 420, a tissue simulator 430, and an external adjustment bracket 440, which are connected to the "signal perception converter" and the virtual display software to display the ultrasound image in real time for operation evaluation.

[0106] The execution flow of the method may include:

[0107] 1. The tissue simulator is associated with the ultrasound model of the corresponding part; 2. The probe scan is simulated, and real-time ultrasound images are obtained through "signal sensing"; 3. The puncture needle simulates puncture, and the needle appears on the ultrasound image through "signal sensing"; 4. The external adjustment bracket can adjust the tissue simulator to different body positions to simulate clinical supine, lateral, and prone positions.

[0108] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0110] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0111] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0112] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0113] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer software instructions. When the computer software instructions are executed on a processing device, the processing device is caused to execute the following Figure 1 The process of nerve block simulation training in the corresponding embodiment.

[0114] A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, they fully or partially produce the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be stored by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. Available media can include magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0115] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0116] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0117] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0118] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0119] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, and other media that can store program code.

[0120] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A nerve block simulation training method, characterized in that: include: constructing ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associating the ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts with a tissue simulator through coordinate information, wherein the three-dimensional anatomical structure information includes CT and / or MRI images, and each tissue area of ​​the different tissue parts is calibrated with a three-dimensional voxel to convert the density value in the CT and / or MRI image into echo intensity; Tracking the relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generating a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model; Track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert the point-to-point into the simulated puncture needle ultrasound image; Also includes: Mapping is done based on the acoustic properties of tissue and matched with echo information from ultrasound imaging; Obtaining pressure intensity information of the simulated ultrasound probe; A usage trigger feedback signal is generated based on the relative position information, relative angle information and pressure intensity information between the tracking simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator. The usage trigger feedback signal is used to change the simulated ultrasound section image in the simulated ultrasound information to indicate tissue deformation and / or blood vessel visibility change.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: Generate puncture scenario information based on simulated patient conditions; The posture of the tissue simulator is adjusted based on the puncture scene information.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: Automatically record the time from the needle tip piercing the tissue simulator to the successful blockade; The operator's operation was evaluated based on the degree and time of coplanarity between the simulated ultrasound probe section and the nerve block needle, as well as the total time for the needle tip to approach the target nerve.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: Collect CT and / or MRI imaging data sets of tissue structures in the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient during the non-puncture phase; Performing three-dimensional reconstruction based on the tissue structure CT and / or MRI image data set to construct a three-dimensional image of the target anesthesia operation area and the tissue structure; Based on the conversion of CT and / or MRI image simulations into ultrasound image signals, the target blocked nerve or area is set, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed to practice and comprehensively analyze different puncture routes for the target patient and select an ultrasound-guided nerve block scheme.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The method of converting CT and / or MRI image simulation into ultrasound image signals, setting a target blocked nerve or area, and constructing a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage includes: Perform tissue segmentation based on CT and / or MRI imaging datasets and correspond to actual tissues to extract and analyze their acoustic properties; By constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system, the three-dimensionally reconstructed CT and / or MRI imaging data are converted point-by-point into ultrasound imaging data, and a theoretical ultrasound simulation model of the tissue structure of the target anesthesia operation area of ​​the target patient in the non-puncture stage is constructed.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that Also includes: During the practice of different puncture approaches on target patients, the magnetic field is used to simulate the force changes of the puncture needle entering different tissue types, providing the operator with a simulation process experience similar to that of real tissue.

7. A nerve block simulation training device, characterized in that: According to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the device comprises: A modeling unit is used to construct ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts of the human body based on standard three-dimensional anatomical structure information and simulated ultrasound information of different tissue parts of the human body, and associate the ultrasound simulation models of different tissue parts with the tissue simulator through coordinate information; an ultrasound image simulation unit, configured to track relative position information and relative angle information between the simulated ultrasound probe and the tissue simulator, and generate a corresponding simulated ultrasound image through the ultrasound simulation model; The puncture needle simulation unit is used to track the position and angle information of the simulated nerve block puncture needle in the tissue simulator, intersect the coordinate range of the puncture needle with the coordinate range of the simulated ultrasound probe section, obtain the coplanar coordinate range of the puncture needle and the simulated ultrasound probe section, and convert it point-to-point into a simulated puncture needle ultrasound image.

8. An electronic device comprising: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor is configured to implement the steps of the nerve block simulation training method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program stored in the memory.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the nerve block simulation training method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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