Method for planting potherb mustard under dry season macadamia nut forest to improve planting benefit

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting potherb mustard under a dry season macadamia nut forest to improve planting benefits, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the method, the double-cropping potherb mustard is planted in the dry season and under the macadamia nut forest, firstly, the soil humidity of the macadamia nut garden is improved, the soil fertility is enhanced, the flowering quality of the macadamia nuts is improved, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the macadamia nuts are increased; 2, under-forest space resources are fully utilized, and under-forest planting earnings are increased. By means of the method, the productivity, economic benefits and ecological benefits of the macadamia nut orchard are improved; and the method has very strong popularization and application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and relates to a method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia trees in the dry season. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia integrifolia belongs to a typical tropical and subtropical resource-constrained industry. The highly leathery leaves endow it with strong drought stress tolerance ability, making it a pillar industry in the tropical and subtropical mountainous areas of Yunnan. As of 2023, the national planting area of Macadamia integrifolia is 5.2338 million mu, of which 4.1 million mu are planted in Yunnan, all on mountains. The obvious xeromorphic structural characteristics of Macadamia integrifolia, such as cutinized vascular bundle sheath leaves and proteaceous roots, enable it to tolerate water stress and survive for a long time under drought conditions. However, drought still has an adverse impact on the growth, flowering, fruit setting, yield and quality of Macadamia integrifolia. According to statistics, the average yield of shelled nuts (with a moisture content of 10%) per mu of Macadamia integrifolia in Yunnan in 2023 was 41.2 kg, far lower than that in well-developed Macadamia integrifolia producing areas such as Australia (141.1 kg / mu) and the United States (152.8 kg / mu). The low yield seriously restricts the sustainable development of the Macadamia integrifolia industry in Yunnan Province.

[0003] There is no obvious distinction between the four seasons in the Macadamia integrifolia planting area in Yunnan, but the dry and rainy seasons are distinct. There is less rainfall from October of each year to April of the following year. Moreover, most of the Macadamia integrifolia orchards in Yunnan do not have water storage and irrigation water sources, and the orchards are in an extremely dry state in autumn, winter and spring. However, from February to May every year is the flowering and young fruit stage of Macadamia integrifolia in Yunnan, which is a critical period for water demand of Macadamia integrifolia. Under severe drought conditions, the flower organs of Macadamia integrifolia develop poorly, manifested as the shortening of the inflorescence and style length of the plant, the growth of flower organs is inhibited; the pollen content is low and the pollen germination rate decreases. As a result, pollination and fertilization are poor, fruit drop is severe, the fruit setting rate is low, and at the same time, the growth of young fruits is inhibited, and the fruit growth rate slows down, ultimately resulting in a reduction in yield.

[0004] The flowering, fruit setting and fruit development period of Macadamia integrifolia in Yunnan coincides with the dry season. Some studies have shown that applying an irrigation volume of 60% of the field water holding capacity during this period can significantly improve the pollination and fertilization ability, yield and quality of Macadamia integrifolia. Through long-term observation and research, the team invented a method for improving the orchard benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia trees in the dry season. By planting double-season Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia trees in the dry season, this method can, firstly, improve the soil humidity of the Macadamia integrifolia orchard, enhance soil fertility, improve the flowering quality of Macadamia integrifolia, and increase the fruit setting rate and yield of Macadamia integrifolia; secondly, make full use of the space resources under the forest and increase the planting income under the forest. This method improves the productivity, economic benefits and ecological benefits of the Macadamia integrifolia orchard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the planting efficiency by planting potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia in the dry season, belonging to the field of agricultural technology; by planting double-season potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia in the dry season, on the one hand, it improves the soil humidity of the Macadamia integrifolia orchard, enhances the soil fertility, improves the flowering quality of Macadamia integrifolia, and increases the fruit setting rate and yield of Macadamia integrifolia; on the other hand, it makes full use of the space resources under the forest and increases the income from under-forest planting. This method improves the productivity, economic benefits and ecological benefits of the Macadamia integrifolia orchard; it has extremely strong prospects for popularization and application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the following technical solutions are adopted: A method for improving the planting efficiency by planting potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia in the dry season, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Selection of the planting area for potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia The growth of potherb mustard requires a little sunlight but is not tolerant of sun exposure, so potherb mustard is more suitable for planting in large-crown Macadamia integrifolia forests that have been planted for many years, because direct sunlight is avoided; the potherb mustard planting area under Macadamia integrifolia is selected from Macadamia integrifolia forests with a slope of less than 25 degrees, facing the sun, and relatively concentrated and contiguous. Step S2: Post-planting management of potherb mustard Plant double-season potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia. After planting potherb mustard, immediately pour enough settling water. Start fertilizing when potherb mustard begins to grow, and apply fertilizer again after an interval of 30 - 40 days. Apply fertilizer 2 times for each crop of potherb mustard. A total of 15 - 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 1 - 1.5 kg of urea are applied per 667 square meters of Macadamia integrifolia orchard; when the potherb mustard field is dry, water 2 - 3 times in combination with fertilization; when watering and fertilizing, timely cultivate and weed in combination with the growth status; the fertilizer and water management methods for the first crop and the second crop of potherb mustard are the same; pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and diamondback moths for potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia, or carry out the prevention and control of pests and diseases in combination with the Macadamia integrifolia orchard. Step S3: Management of Macadamia integrifolia orchard During the potherb mustard planting period, the Macadamia integrifolia orchard is managed according to the normal orchard management, but the pruning work of Macadamia integrifolia needs to be carried out after the first crop of potherb mustard is harvested.

[0007] Further, in the step S1, the plant spacing of Macadamia integrifolia for planting is 5 meters × 7 meters, that is, 20 - 25 plants are planted per 667 square meters.

[0008] Further, in the step S1, the potherb mustard selected for planting is the healthy potherb mustard seedlings suitable for planting in autumn and winter and having a certain drought tolerance.

[0009] Further, the specific method for planting double-season potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia in the step S2 is as follows: During the planting period of small spring crops, that is, from September of each year to March of the following year, two crops of potherb mustard are continuously planted and harvested; the first crop of potherb mustard is planted from September to October of each year, and the growth period is 70 - 90 days for harvesting; the second crop of potherb mustard is planted after the first crop of potherb mustard is harvested, and is planted from November to December. Since the temperature is slightly lower in winter, the production cycle of the second crop of potherb mustard is 90 - 120 days, and it is generally harvested from March to April of the following year.

[0010] Before transplanting the potherb mustard, the land is prepared and base fertilizer is applied. For every 667 square meters of macadamia orchard, 30 - 50 Kg of organic fertilizer is applied. If the soil is too dry, spray water once before transplanting; for planting, it can be planted with a slightly raised ridge, or planted in holes or rows, and the plant spacing is 0.03 - 0.05 m × 0.03 - 0.05 m. Taking the macadamia tree trunk as the center, no potherb mustard is planted within a radius of about 1 m under the tree; 2500 - 3000 plants of potherb mustard are planted per 667 square meters of macadamia orchard; the planting methods of the first crop of potherb mustard and the second crop of potherb mustard are the same.

[0011] Further, the ternary compound fertilizer in step S2 is N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15: 15.

[0012] Further, for the pest control in the macadamia orchard in step S2, a combination of acetamiprid + cypermethrin is used as an insecticide and sprayed once.

[0013] Further, during the period of planting potherb mustard under the macadamia trees in step S3, the irrigation of macadamia trees is omitted.

[0014] Further, during the pest control and orchard cleaning work in the macadamia orchard in autumn and winter in step S3, and during the pest control before the macadamia trees bloom and during the young fruit period, quickly spray pesticides to control pests on the potherb mustard under the forest at the same time, omitting the separate pest control for potherb mustard.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the same macadamia orchard where this invention is applied, by planting double - season potherb mustard under the macadamia trees in the dry season, firstly, the soil humidity of the macadamia orchard is improved, the soil fertility is enhanced, the flowering quality of macadamia is improved, and the fruit - setting rate and yield of macadamia are increased; secondly, the space resources under the forest are fully utilized, and the income from under - forest planting is increased. This method improves the productivity, economic benefits and ecological benefits of the macadamia orchard. Description of the drawings

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a photo of mustard greens planted under Macadamia integrifolia in the embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further details the present invention in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: 1. General situation of the test site The test site is located in the planting base of Fengqing Hongse Fumin Planting Co., Ltd., Daxing Village, Luodang Town, Fengqing County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The altitude of the area is 700 - 1300 m, and the average annual temperature is >19°C. It is a mountain area, and the soil is latosol. There are 500 mu of Macadamia integrifolia planted, with a tree age of more than 8 years, and they have all borne fruit for more than 4 years. The planting specifications are a plant spacing of 4 - 5 meters and a row spacing of 6 - 7 meters. There are about 20 Macadamia integrifolia plants per mu, and they are planted in contour rows around the mountain. The main varieties are OC, 344, 695, A4, Guire No. 1, and A16.

[0020] 2. Design of the test demonstration base As Figure 1 shown, the test demonstration bases are all set in the planting base of Fengqing Hongse Fumin Planting Co., Ltd. There are 3 Macadamia integrifolia planting areas designed for the test, and each area is a replicate. Each area is further divided into 3 planting modes: 1) Planting Macadamia integrifolia alone; 2) Planting 2 crops of mustard greens alone without under the forest; 3) Planting Macadamia integrifolia + 2 crops of mustard greens under the forest. Each replicate has 1 mu for each planting mode, and there are a total of 9 mu of test demonstration Macadamia integrifolia land for 3 replicates and 3 modes.

[0021] 3. Process of the test demonstration Planting and Management of Double-season Potherb Mustard: The first crop of potherb mustard is planted on September 20 and harvested on November 28 of the same year; the second crop is planted on December 10 and harvested on April 6, 2024. First, spread biological organic fertilizer in the macadamia orchard at a rate of 45 kg per mu, then prepare the soil, and then make ridges for planting potherb mustard. Plant with a row spacing of 0.03 m × 0.05 m. Start fertilizing when the potherb mustard begins to grow, and apply fertilizer again after an interval of 30 - 40 days. Each crop of potherb mustard is fertilized 2 times. A total of 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15: 15 and 1.5 kg of urea are applied per 667-square-meter macadamia orchard. Do not plant potherb mustard within a radius of about 1 meter around the macadamia tree trunk centered on the tree trunk. Approximately 2,800 plants of potherb mustard are planted per mu. The planting and management methods of the first crop and the second crop of potherb mustard are the same. Immediately after planting the potherb mustard for both the first and second crops, a fixed-root watering is carried out, and then each crop of potherb mustard is watered once during the growth process. The planting time and management methods of potherb mustard are the same in the two modes of planting 2 crops of potherb mustard separately without forest and planting 2 crops of potherb mustard under macadamia forest +

[0022] Management of Macadamia Trees: For the experimental demonstration mode areas where potherb mustard is not planted, water is synchronized with the potherb mustard planting mode, and a combination of acetamiprid + cypermethrin, a pesticide, is sprayed once synchronously in all experimental demonstration areas. After the macadamia nuts are harvested, from September 10 to September 18, 2024, before the first crop of potherb mustard is planted, unified pruning of the macadamia orchard is carried out.

[0023] 4. Investigation of Experimental Demonstration Areas Observation of Water and Fertilizer Status of Macadamia Nuts: During the flowering and fruit-bearing period of macadamia nuts, which is also the critical period for water demand of macadamia nuts, observe the soil moisture conditions in different planting mode areas.

[0024] Yield Measurement of Macadamia Nuts: During the mature harvest period of macadamia nuts, on September 4, 2024, measure the yield of macadamia nuts under different planting modes. In each repetition and for each planting mode, randomly select 5 OC macadamia trees with similar tree vigor, weigh the weight of the green husk fruits of these 5 trees, and calculate the yield of green husk fruits of nuts in each experimental area according to the standard of planting 20 macadamia trees per mu.

[0025] 5. Results of Experimental Demonstration The test demonstration results show that during the flowering to young fruit stage of macadamia nuts under three different planting patterns, in the area with the macadamia nut + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern, the soil humidity is significantly higher than that in the area with only macadamia nuts planted alone, which is beneficial to improving the fruit setting rate of macadamia nuts. The yield measurement results show that for the area with the macadamia nut + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern, the yield of green husk fruits of macadamia nuts is 323.62 kg / mu, while in the area with only macadamia nuts planted alone, the yield is only 181.88 kg / mu. The macadamia nut yield in the area with the macadamia nut + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern is much higher than that in the area with only macadamia nuts planted alone.

[0026] At the same time, in the area with the macadamia nut + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern, while increasing the yield of macadamia nuts, potherb mustard was also harvested, and the incidence of black fruit disease was reduced, with an incidence rate of 10.67%. The output of two crops of potherb mustard per mu is 9850 kg. Calculated based on the average selling price of about 0.5 yuan / kg in 2023 and 2024, the income from potherb mustard is 4925 yuan / mu, achieving good economic benefits.

[0027] At the same time, in the area where 2 crops of potherb mustard are planted alone without forest, the output of two crops of potherb mustard per mu is 8100 kg. Calculated based on the average selling price of about 0.5 yuan / kg in 2023 and 2024, the income from potherb mustard is 4050 yuan / mu, and the income is significantly lower than that in the area with the macadamia nut + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern.

[0028] At the same time, in the area with the macadamia nut + upland rice + 2 crops of potherb mustard planting pattern, while harvesting and increasing the yield of macadamia nuts and reducing the incidence of black fruit disease, upland rice and 2 crops of potherb mustard were also harvested in the same macadamia nut planting area, greatly increasing the land utilization rate of the macadamia nut orchard.

[0029] The macadamia nut yields and potherb mustard incomes of the three patterns are statistically shown in Table 1: Table 1 Macadamia nut yields and potherb mustard incomes under different planting measures

[0030] Note: The macadamia nut yield mentioned above refers to the weight of green husk fruits. In summary, the present invention provides a method for improving planting benefits by planting potherb mustard under macadamia nuts in the dry season, belonging to the field of agricultural technology; this method plants double-season potherb mustard under macadamia nuts in the dry season. Firstly, it improves the soil humidity in the macadamia nut orchard, enhances soil fertility, improves the flowering quality of macadamia nuts, and increases the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia nuts; secondly, it makes full use of the space resources under the forest and increases the income from under-forest planting. This method improves the productivity, economic benefits and ecological benefits of the macadamia nut orchard; it has great prospects for popularization and application.

[0031] As described above, it is not any form of restriction on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed through the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention by using the technical content disclosed above. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season, which is characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Selection of the planting area of potherb mustard under macadamia nut forest For the planting area of potherb mustard under macadamia nut forest, select a macadamia nut forest with a slope below 25 degrees, facing the sun, and relatively concentrated and contiguous. Step S2: Post-planting management of potherb mustard Plant potherb mustard in two seasons under macadamia nut forest. After planting potherb mustard, pour sufficient settling water in time. Start fertilizing when potherb mustard begins to grow, and apply fertilizer again after an interval of 30 - 40 days. Apply fertilizer twice for each crop of potherb mustard. A total of 15 - 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 1 - 1.5 kg of urea are applied per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard. When the potherb mustard field is dry, water 2 - 3 times in combination with fertilization. When watering and fertilizing, carry out intertillage and weed removal in a timely manner according to the growth status. The fertilizer and water management methods for the first crop and the second crop of potherb mustard are the same. Pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and diamondback moths for potherb mustard under macadamia nut forest, or carry out the prevention and control of pests and diseases in combination with that of the macadamia nut orchard. Step S3: Management of macadamia nut orchard During the planting period of potherb mustard, manage the macadamia nut orchard according to the normal macadamia nut orchard, but the pruning work of macadamia nuts needs to be carried out after the first crop of potherb mustard is harvested.

2. The method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, wherein In step S1, the plant spacing of macadamia nut planting for the selected planting area is 5 m × 7 m, that is, 20 - 25 plants are planted per 667 square meters.

3. The method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, select healthy potherb mustard seedlings suitable for planting in autumn and winter and with a certain drought tolerance for planting potherb mustard.

4. A method for improving the planting benefit by planting potherb mustard under Macadamia integrifolia trees in the dry season as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method of planting potherb mustard in two seasons under macadamia nut forest in step S2 is as follows: Plant and harvest 2 crops of potherb mustard continuously during the small spring crop planting period, that is, from September of each year to March of the next year. The first crop of potherb mustard is planted from September to October of each year and harvested after a growth period of 70 - 90 days. The second crop of potherb mustard is planted after the first crop of potherb mustard is harvested, planted in November - December. Since the temperature is slightly lower in winter, the production period of the second crop of potherb mustard is 90 - 120 days and is generally harvested in March - April of the next year. Before transplanting potherb mustard, prepare the land and apply base fertilizer. Apply 30 - 50 Kg of biological organic fertilizer per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard. If the soil is too dry, spray water once before transplanting. The planting can be done by slightly raising the ridges, or by hole planting or row planting, with a plant spacing of 0.03 - 0.05 m × 0.03 - 0.05 m. Do not plant potherb mustard within a radius of about 1 m centered on the macadamia nut tree trunk. Plant 2500 - 3000 plants of potherb mustard per 667 square meters of macadamia nut orchard. The planting methods for the first crop and the second crop of potherb mustard are the same.

5. The method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ternary compound fertilizer in step S2 is N: P2O5: K2O = 15: 15:

15.

6. The method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, wherein, For the prevention and control of pests and diseases in the macadamia nut orchard in step S2, spray once with the insecticide combination of acetamiprid + cypermethrin.

7. The method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the period of planting potherb mustard under macadamia nut forest in step S3, omit the irrigation of macadamia nuts.

8. A method for improving the planting benefit by planting Brassica juncea under Macadamia integrifolia forest in the dry season as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the cleaning work for the prevention and control of pests and diseases in autumn and winter in the macadamia nut orchard in step S3, and during the prevention and control of pests and diseases before the macadamia nuts bloom and during the young fruit stage, quickly spray pesticides to control pests and diseases on the potherb mustard under the forest at the same time, thus omitting the separate prevention and control of pests and diseases for potherb mustard.

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