Thermophotoelectric triple response liquid crystal dopant and application thereof on intelligent glass

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid crystal dopant with thermal-photoelectric triple response and an application of the liquid crystal dopant on intelligent glass. The molecular formula of the liquid crystal dopant is shown as a formula (1). The liquid crystal dopant is doped in a liquid crystal material, can respond to temperature, illumination and an electric field at the same time by combining the unique optical and electrical characteristics of the liquid crystal material, and adapts to various environment requirements; a plurality of optical states can be provided to meet energy-saving requirements in different scenes; the light modulation rate is high, the haze is large, and the privacy protection function is strong; the material is simple in preparation process, few in synthesis steps, good in stability and low in raw material cost, can be applied to the fields of residences, commercial buildings, automobiles, airplane windows and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new materials, and particularly to a liquid crystal dopant with thermo-opto-electric triple response and its application on smart glass. Background Art

[0002] Smart windows are a new type of building material that can adjust light transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance. According to their working principles and technical characteristics, smart windows that are widely studied currently can be roughly divided into electrochromic, thermochromic, photochromic, and mechanochromic smart windows. These smart windows present different optical properties and states by changing chemical compositions or structures.

[0003] Currently, most existing smart windows only respond to one or two stimuli, which limits their application scenarios. For example, electrochromic smart windows require an external power supply and control system, increasing energy consumption and complexity; photochromic smart windows have a slow response speed and a single color change; thermochromic smart windows have a relatively high transition temperature and a limited applicable range. In addition, the driving methods of existing smart windows are single and cannot meet the diverse needs in different environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a liquid crystal dopant with thermo-opto-electric triple response and its application on smart glass. When combined with liquid crystal materials, it can achieve a rapid response to multiple environmental stimuli, provide multiple optical states, and can be used in smart windows to meet the energy-saving requirements in different scenarios.

[0005] For this, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A liquid crystal dopant with thermo-opto-electric triple response, whose molecular formula is shown as formula (1):

[0007] (1)

[0008] The molecule of this technical solution is based on cyanobiphenyl, azobenzene, and flexible ester chain structural units, and has the characteristics of integrated light response, heat response, and electrical response. When coated on the glass surface, it can controllably adjust the transparency change of the glass through changes in light, temperature, and applied voltage.

[0009] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of the above-mentioned liquid crystal dopant with thermo-opto-electric triple response (CBA), which adopts typical diazotization reaction and esterification reaction, and includes the following steps:

[0010] Step S1, under the condition of ice bath at 0 - 5°C, add an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite to an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of 4 - amino - 4'-cyanobiphenyl, and continuously stir until it turns into a clear light yellow solution, which is the reaction solution; separately dissolve phenol, sodium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate in distilled water to obtain a mixed solution, inject the mixed solution into the reaction solution, then raise the temperature to room temperature and stir for at least 10 hours; after the reaction is completed, collect the crude product by vacuum filtration, use dichloromethane / ethyl acetate with a volume ratio of 10:1 as the eluent, and purify it by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange powder product A; the molecular formula of the product A is shown in formula (2):

[0011]

[0012] The reaction condition of this step S1 is deionized water, and the reaction equation is:

[0013]

[0014] Step S2, place adipic acid, 4 - dimethylaminopyridine, and 1 - ethyl - (3 - dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride in a reaction vessel, add a magnetic stirrer, then evacuate and fill with nitrogen to establish an inert atmosphere; then inject N,N - dimethylformamide and stir and activate it in an ice - water bath for 30 minutes; subsequently add product A, remove the cold bath to raise the temperature of the reaction system to room temperature, and continuously stir for at least 40 hours; after the reaction is completed, perform vacuum filtration, extract the obtained orange filtrate with brine and ethyl acetate, combine the organic phases, wash with saturated brine, dry, and then concentrate by rotary evaporation. Use dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent, and purify it by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange powder product B; the molecular formula of the product B is shown in formula (3):

[0015]

[0016] The reaction condition of this step S2 is N,N - dimethylformamide solvent and acid, and the reaction equation is:

[0017]

[0018] Step S3: Place product B, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride in a reaction vessel. After adding a magnetic stir bar, evacuate and fill with nitrogen to create an inert atmosphere. Inject N,N-dimethylformamide and maintain stirring at 0 °C in an ice-water bath for activation to obtain a reaction solution. Separately, dissolve 1,4-butanediol in N,N-dimethylformamide and then inject it into the reaction solution. Remove the cold bath and allow the reaction solution to rise to room temperature, and continue stirring the reaction for at least 40 hours. After the reaction is completed, perform suction filtration. The obtained filtrate is successively extracted with brine and ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed with saturated brine, dried, and then concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain a crude product. Using dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent, purify the crude product by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange crystalline solid.

[0019] The reaction conditions for this step S3 are N,N-dimethylformamide solvent and acid, and the reaction equation is:

[0020]

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, it further includes extracting the obtained crude product, then adding it to an ethyl acetate solvent, and then performing rotary evaporation. After removing the ethyl acetate solvent, a CBA crude product is obtained. The CBA crude product is purified by silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent to obtain a liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the dosage of sodium nitrite is 0.5 - 0.55 times the amount of substance of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl; the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1.5 - 2 M; the dosage of phenol is 0.5 - 0.55 times the amount of substance of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl, the dosage of sodium hydroxide is 0.55 - 0.58 times the amount of substance of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl, and the dosage of potassium carbonate is 0.55 - 0.58 times the amount of substance of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the dosage of adipic acid is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product A, the dosage of 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 0.08 - 0.12 times the amount of substance of product A, and the dosage of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product A.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the dosage of 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 0.08 - 0.12 times the amount of substance of product B, the dosage of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product B; the dosage of 1,4-butanediol is 4.8 - 5.1 times the amount of substance of product B.

[0025] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant, and the thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant is used to be doped into a liquid crystal material to prepare a thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal device.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the composition of the liquid crystal material includes a host liquid crystal and a chiral dopant.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the doping mass ratio of the thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant is 1% - 5%. Further, the doping mass ratio of the thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant is 1% - 4%.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, the chiral dopant is at least one of S5011 and S811.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the host liquid crystal is at least one of E7, SLC1717, 5CB, and 8CB.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, the doping mass percentage of the chiral dopant is 5wt%.

[0031] The composition of the liquid crystal material includes that the chiral dopant is selected from one or both of S5011 and S811; preferably, in the raw material, the dopant concentration is 5wt%; preferably, the liquid crystal host is selected from one or more of E7, SLC1717, 5CB, and 8CB.

[0032] As a further improvement of the present invention, the doping mass ratio of the thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant is 1% - 5%.

[0033] The present invention also discloses a thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal material, and its composition includes a liquid crystal material and the thermo-photoelectric triple-response liquid crystal dopant as claimed in claim 1.

[0034] As a further improvement of the present invention, the composition of the liquid crystal material includes that the chiral dopant is selected from one or both of S5011 and S811; preferably, in the raw material, the dopant concentration is 5wt%; preferably, the liquid crystal host is selected from one or more of E7, SLC1717, 5CB, and 8CB.

[0035] As a further improvement of the present invention, the doping mass ratio of the thermo-opto-electric triple-responsive liquid crystal dopant is 1% - 5%.

[0036] The present invention also discloses an intelligent glass, which is prepared by using the thermo-opto-electric triple-responsive liquid crystal material as described above.

[0037] The present invention also discloses an intelligent window, which is prepared by using the intelligent glass as described above.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0039] Adopting the technical solution of the present invention, when doped in the liquid crystal material, by combining the unique optical and electrical properties of the liquid crystal material, it can simultaneously respond to temperature, light, and electric field, and adapt to various environmental requirements. Specifically, thermochromism: as the temperature rises, the liquid crystal system transforms from the smectic phase to the multi-domain cholesteric phase, realizing the switching between the transparent and blurred states. Photochromism: under ultraviolet light irradiation, the azobenzene group undergoes reversible isomerization, inducing the system to transform from the smectic phase to the cholesteric phase, realizing the switching between the transparent and blurred states. Electrochromism: under the action of an electric field, the helical superstructure of the cholesteric liquid crystal unwinds, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the direction of the electric field, realizing the switching between the blurred state and the transparent state.

[0040] Secondly, it can provide a variety of optical states to meet the energy-saving requirements in different scenarios; moreover, it has a high light modulation rate, a large haze, and a strong privacy protection function; the intelligent window adopting the technical solution of the present invention can provide four reversible adjustment modes, the transmittance in the transparent state is above 75%, the transmittance in the blurred state is below 25%, the light modulation rate is greater than 50%, the haze is greater than 65%, and it has a privacy protection function. All four switching modes have good cycle stability, and repeated switching will not significantly affect the optical properties.

[0041] Thirdly, the preparation process of the thermo-opto-electric triple-responsive liquid crystal dopant CBA molecule of the present invention is simple, with few synthesis steps, simple separation and purification operations, good stability, having the characteristics of thermo / photo / electric triple response, and can still maintain good reversible performance in the doped liquid crystal. The raw material cost is low, and it can be applied to fields such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, automotive and aircraft windows, etc., and has broad application prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0042] Figure 1 It is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the reaction product of step S1 in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 It is the nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum of the reaction product of step S2 in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3It is the final product of step S3 in the embodiment of the present invention, but the CBA nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum.

[0045] Figure 4 It is the performance result of the CBA molecule in the embodiment of the present invention; among them, Figure a is the schematic diagram of the photo-isomerization structure of the CBA molecule, and Figure b is the corresponding ultraviolet absorption spectrum (3×10 -5 M, DCM).

[0046] Figure 5 It is the spectrogram of the CBA molecule in the embodiment of the present invention, where Figure a is the infrared absorption spectrum and Figure b is the Raman spectrum.

[0047] Figure 6 It is the thermal analysis result of the CBA molecule in the embodiment of the present invention, where Figure a is the TGA curve and Figure b is the DSC curve.

[0048] Figure 7 It is the polarized light micrograph of the CBA molecule in the parallel alignment and unrubbed liquid crystal cell at different temperature stages in the embodiment of the present invention; among them, a-f are 142 °C, 140 °C, 100 °C, 90 °C, 60 °C, and 50 °C respectively.

[0049] Figure 8 It is the one-dimensional X-ray diffraction pattern of the CBA molecule in the capillary tube in the embodiment of the present invention; among them, (a) is the cooling process; (b) is the heating process.

[0050] Figure 9 It is the two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray pattern of the CBA molecule in the capillary tube at different temperatures in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 10 It is the one-dimensional X-ray diffraction pattern of the CBA molecule in the vertically aligned liquid crystal cell at different temperatures in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 11 It is the schematic diagram of the crystal structure of CBA in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 12 It is the phase evolution diagram of the CBA molecule with the decrease of temperature in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 13 It is the preparation process of the CBA smart window model liquid crystal cell in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 14 It is the DSC curve of the samples with different doping ratios of CBA molecule concentrations in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 15Polarizing microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a parallel-aligned liquid crystal cell during the heating process of the embodiment of the present invention; where a - f are 28 °C, 31 °C, 33 °C, 37 °C, 38 °C, and 39 °C respectively.

[0057] Figure 16 Polarizing microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a parallel-aligned liquid crystal cell during the cooling process of the embodiment of the present invention; where a - f are 39 °C, 37 °C, 35 °C, 33 °C, 31 °C, and 28 °C respectively.

[0058] Figure 17 Polarizing microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a vertically-aligned liquid crystal cell during the heating process of the embodiment of the present invention; where a - f are 28 °C, 29 °C, 33 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 41 °C respectively.

[0059] Figure 18 Polarizing microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a vertically-aligned liquid crystal cell during the cooling process of the embodiment of the present invention; where a - f are 41 °C, 40 °C, 37 °C, 33 °C, 29 °C, and 28 °C respectively.

[0060] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of thermochromism of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 20 Polarizing microscopic texture of the LC mixed system without CBA doping in a vertically-aligned liquid crystal cell at different temperatures of the embodiment of the present invention; where a - h are 31 °C, 32 °C, 37 °C, 38 °C, 38 °C, 37 °C, 32 °C, and 31 °C respectively.

[0062] Figure 21 Polarizing microscopic texture of the vertically-anchored liquid crystal cell sample doped with CBA under ultraviolet-visible light response of the embodiment of the present invention; where a is the initial state at 25 °C, b is after ultraviolet light irradiation for 10 s, c is after ultraviolet light irradiation for 150 s, d is after ultraviolet light irradiation for 160 s, e is after ultraviolet light irradiation for 170 s, and f is after ultraviolet light irradiation for 180 s.

[0063] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of photochromism of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 23 Polarizing micrographs of the vertically-anchored liquid crystal cell sample doped with CBA under electric field response of the embodiment of the present invention, where a - c are the photos of the initial state, applying an electric field, and turning off the electric field at 35 °C respectively; d - f are the photos of the initial state, applying an electric field, and turning off the electric field under ultraviolet irradiation respectively.

[0065] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of electrochromism of the embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is the heating state; (b) is the ultraviolet irradiation state.

[0066] Figure 25 This is the mechanism and schematic diagram of the thermochromic, photochromic, and electrochromic properties of the CBA smart window in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 26 This is for the embodiments of the present invention: (a) the standard luminous efficiency function curve and the spectral distribution of solar irradiance under AM 1.5 conditions; (b) the transmission spectrum of the synergistic response of temperature and electric field; (c) the transmission spectrum of the synergistic response of UV and electric field.

[0068] Figure 27 Transmission spectra and scattering spectra of the CBA smart window in different states in the embodiments of the present invention; a - d are respectively the transmitted light flux (T1) and scattered light flux (T3) without the sample, the transmitted light flux (T2) and scattered light flux (T4) with the sample at room temperature (25°C), the transmitted light flux (T2) and scattered light flux (T4) with the sample after heating (35°C), and the transmitted light flux (T2) and scattered light flux (T4) with the sample under UV irradiation.

[0069] Figure 28 Cyclic tests of different mode switches in the embodiments of the present invention, where a is thermochromism; b is electrochromism at high temperature; c is photochromism; d is electrochromism under UV irradiation. Detailed implementation manners

[0070] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the detailed implementation manners of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] A liquid crystal dopant (CBA) with thermo - opto - electro triple response, which is a liquid crystal dopant molecule based on cyanobiphenyl, azobenzene, and flexible ester chain structural units, and its structural formula is shown as formula (1):

[0072]

[0073] Example 1

[0074] A liquid crystal dopant molecule CBA with thermo - opto - electro triple response, and its synthesis route is as follows:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0078] Step S1, under the condition of ice bath at 0 - 5 °C, an aqueous solution (10 mL) of sodium nitrite (NaNO2, 555 mg, 8 mmol) was added dropwise to an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (1.6 M, 20 mL) of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl (1.3 g, 15.4 mmol), and the mixture was continuously stirred for 1 hour until the system turned into a clear light yellow solution. Separately, phenol (756 mg, 8 mmol), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 348 mg, 8.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3, 1.2 g, 8.7 mmol) were dissolved in 30 mL of distilled water. After injecting this mixed solution into the reaction system, the temperature was slowly raised to room temperature and the reaction was stirred for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the crude product was collected by vacuum filtration and purified by silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane / ethyl acetate (volume ratio 10:1) as the eluent. Finally, 1.76 g of the target product in the form of an orange powder was obtained, with a yield of 88%. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.36 (s), 7.98–7.87 (m), 7.83–7.78 (m), 6.95–6.90 (m), as Figure 1 shown.

[0079] Step S2, adipic acid (2.58 g, 17.66 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 71.9 mg, 0.59 mmol) and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl, 3.39 g, 17.66 mmol) were placed in a 250 mL two-necked round-bottom flask. After adding a magnetic stirring bar, an inert atmosphere was established by performing three cycles of vacuum pumping - nitrogen filling operations. An appropriate amount of DMF was injected through a syringe, and the mixture was stirred and activated at 0 °C in an ice-water bath for 30 minutes. Subsequently, raw material 1 (1.76 g, 5.9 mmol) was added, and the cold bath was removed to allow the reaction system to slowly rise to room temperature, and the reaction was continuously stirred for 48 hours. After the reaction was terminated, it was filtered under reduced pressure through a sintered funnel. The obtained orange filtrate was extracted with brine and ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane / methanol = 20:1), and finally 1.27 g of an orange powder was obtained, with a yield of 51%. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.06, 8.08–7.84 (m), 7.45–7.22 (m), 2.62 (t, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.25 (t, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.72–1.49 (m), as Figure 2 shown.

[0080] Step S3: Place raw material 2 (1.27 g, 2.97 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP, 36 mg, 0.30 mmol), and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl, 1.71 g, 8.92 mmol) into a 250 mL two-necked round-bottom flask. After adding a magnetic stir bar, establish an inert atmosphere through three cycles of vacuum evacuation - nitrogen filling operations. Inject N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 50 mL) through a syringe, and stir and activate at 0 °C in an ice-water bath for 30 minutes. Additionally, dissolve 1,4-butanediol (1.34 g, 14.8 mmol) in DMF (5 mL), inject it into the reaction system through a syringe, remove the cold bath, and slowly raise the reaction system to room temperature. Continuously stir and react for 48 hours. After the reaction is terminated, filter under reduced pressure through a sintered funnel. The obtained filtrate is successively extracted with brine and ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The crude product is purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane / methanol = 20:1), and finally 504.6 mg of an orange crystalline solid is obtained with a yield of 34%. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.05–7.88 (m), 7.41–7.25 (m), 4.40 (t, J = 5.2 Hz), 4.00 (t, J = 6.7 Hz), 2.62 (t, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.33 (t, J = 6.9 Hz), 1.67–1.53 (m), 1.42 (ddd, J = 7.6, 6.0, 1.6 Hz), as Figure 3 shown.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] Perform spectroscopic analysis and thermal analysis on the molecule CBA prepared in Example 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0083] After the solution obtained through the three-step reaction of Example 1 is extracted and transferred to an ethyl acetate solvent, and then the ethyl acetate solvent is removed by rotary evaporation to finally obtain the CBA crude product; the CBA powder is purified by silica gel column chromatography and proven by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum, as Figure 3 shown.

[0084] CBA has good solubility in organic solvents (such as dichloromethane and chloroform), forms a transparent solution before and after ultraviolet light irradiation, has a typical monomer-like absorption spectrum, and the schematic diagram of its photo-isomerization structure is as Figure 4 shown in a, and the corresponding ultraviolet absorption spectrum is as Figure 4As shown in Fig. b. Before ultraviolet light irradiation, the molecules are in the trans state, with a strong π-π* transition at 345 nm, a second-order π-π* transition at 278 nm, and a weak n-π* transition near 442 nm. After 3 minutes of irradiation with 365 nm ultraviolet light, the liquid crystal molecules in the solution transform into the cis conformation. It is observed that the absorption peak at 345 nm disappears, a new strong absorption peak at 296 nm appears, and the absorption peak at 442 nm is significantly enhanced. The significant changes in the ultraviolet spectrum confirm the photo-isomerization process of the CBA molecules.

[0085] To further characterize the functional groups and chemical structure of CBA, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and Raman spectroscopy analysis were carried out on it, and the results are as Figure 5 shown. The infrared spectrum of the CBA powder is as Figure 5 shown in Fig. a. The main characteristic absorption peaks are attributed as follows: The strong absorption peak at 3530 cm -1 is attributed to the stretching vibration of -OH in the molecule, indicating the presence of hydroxyl groups in the sample. The two sets of absorption peaks at 2850 - 3150 cm -1 can be attributed to the stretching vibrations of C-H on the alkyl chain and benzene ring respectively. The narrow and strong absorption peak at 3530 cm -1 is attributed to the stretching vibration of -C≡N. The stretching vibration peaks of C=O on the ester bond and N=N on the azo bond can be observed at 1749 cm -1 and 1719 cm -1 respectively. The Raman frequency shifts of the CBA molecules are as Figure 5 shown in Fig. b. Among them, the Raman peak at 1185 cm-1 is attributed to the stretching vibration mode of the C-C single bond. The Raman peaks at 1280 cm -1 and 1579 cm -1 are attributed to the breathing vibration of the C-C aromatic ring and the stretching vibration mode of the biphenyl. The Raman peak at 1453 cm -1 is attributed to the stretching vibration mode of the N=N double bond. The Raman peak at 1410 cm -1 is attributed to the in-plane bending vibration mode of the C-H single bond. The Raman peak at 1145 cm -1 is attributed to the stretching vibration mode of the C-N single bond. The vibration peaks of the biphenyl structure and the azobenzene structure further corroborate the molecular structure.

[0086] TGA and DSC analyses were carried out on the CBA molecules, and the results are as Figure 6 shown. The TGA data shows that the initial decomposition temperature of the CBA molecules is approximately 307.3 °C, with good thermal stability ( Figure 6 Fig. a). The DSC curve of the CBA molecules is as Figure 6As shown in Fig. b, three endothermic peaks were observed for the CBA molecules during the heating process at 69.8 °C, 96.5 °C, and 132.9 °C, respectively. During the cooling process, the corresponding three exothermic peaks were located at 47.5 °C, 94.9 °C, and 131.1 °C. The three sets of transition peaks corresponded to the N-SmA, SmA–SmB, and SmB-Cr phase transitions from high temperature to room temperature. The phase transition behavior of the CBA molecules below 200 °C showed good thermal stability and reversibility.

[0087] Example 3:

[0088] The self-assembled structure of the CBA molecules prepared in Example 1 was designed as follows:

[0089] A parallel-aligned and unrubbed liquid crystal cell was used to encapsulate the CBA molecular system. The macroscopic molecular arrangement behavior and phase transition characteristics were systematically characterized by polarized light microscopy. The polarized light micrographs of the CBA molecules in the parallel-aligned and unrubbed liquid crystal cell at different temperature stages are shown in Figure 7 Fig. The experimental data showed that the substrate anchoring effect induced by the parallel alignment agent made the CBA molecules exhibit in-plane ordered arrangement, and a significant birefringence phenomenon was observed under crossed polarizers. During the programmed temperature control process, the phase state evolution of the system showed typical temperature dependence: when the temperature was maintained above 142 °C, the sample showed a nematic-like marble texture; when the temperature was cooled to the range of 140 - 60 °C, the system entered a wide smectic phase, and an obvious morphological transition occurred at the edge of the layered texture at 100 °C - the edge of the layered structure in the high-temperature region (>100 °C) was irregularly wrinkled, while in the low-temperature region (<100 °C), it evolved into a smooth boundary structure. DSC analysis showed that there were significant exothermic / endothermic peak characteristics near 95 °C, indicating the reversible transition between two smectic phase structures in the system. It should be noted that there was a systematic deviation of about 5 °C between the phase transition temperature observed by microscopy and the DSC thermal analysis results, presumably due to differences in experimental conditions: the DSC test was carried out in a closed and dark environment, while the continuous light source during polarized light microscopy observation might excite the photo-responsive properties of the azobenzene groups, resulting in a slight change in the molecular orientation order. When the system was cooled below 60 °C, the sample completed the transition to the crystalline state, and this process had a good correspondence with the DSC curve.

[0090] To systematically study the phase transition behavior and microstructural order of the CBA material, variable-temperature structural characterization was carried out using two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D-WAXS). Above 100 °C, CBA was injected into a 0.3-mm capillary by capillary force, and relatively good orientation was induced by shear flow in the capillary. The test results of two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray are shown in Figure 9, it can be observed that as the temperature decreases, the diffraction arc intensities in the small-angle region on the equator and the high-angle region on the meridian gradually increase, representing the transition from the nematic phase to the smectic phase; when the temperature drops to room temperature, new diffraction arcs appear in both the small-angle region and the high-angle region, representing a more ordered crystal phase at room temperature. The diffraction peak in the low-angle region is located on the equator, meaning that the x-rays are incident perpendicular to the long axis of the molecules, and the CBA molecules tend to align perpendicular to the capillary wall in the capillary. By converting the above two-dimensional diagram into a one-dimensional spectrum (as shown in Figure 8 ), the self-assembled structure of CBA is analyzed in depth. At 160 °C, the diffraction peak in the low-angle region exhibits a broad peak feature, corresponding to the crystal plane spacing, which is comparable to the length of a single molecule, indicating that the layered structure of the liquid crystal molecules is not yet perfect, and the system is in the nematic phase at this time. When the temperature drops to 120 °C, the low-angle diffraction peak transforms into a sharp and narrow peak, and the layer spacing shrinks slightly to , reflecting that the molecules form a regular layered arrangement, but the broad peak at shows that there is still a lack of long-range order between adjacent molecules, and this feature is in line with the SmA phase. When the temperature continues to drop to 80 °C, the diffraction peak characterizing the intermolecular order sharpens into a narrow peak, and the crystal plane spacing is finely adjusted to , indicating the formation of a SmB phase with a higher degree of order. At room temperature, the newly emerged diffraction peak confirms that the system finally transforms into a higher-order crystalline phase.

[0091] To further verify the transition between the SmA phase and the SmB phase. Injecting CBA molecules into a vertically anchored liquid crystal cell can obtain X-ray diffraction information parallel to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules, and the results are as shown in Figure 10 . At this time, the diffraction peak related to the molecular layer spacing in the low-angle region disappears, leaving only the diffraction signal representing the change in the order of adjacent molecules. At this time, the diffraction peak related to the molecular layer spacing in the low-angle region disappears, leaving only the diffraction signal representing the change in the order of adjacent molecules. When the temperature is higher than 100 °C, no obvious diffraction peak is observed, indicating that there is no significant positional order between adjacent molecules, and the CBA molecules are in the nematic phase and the SmA phase. As the temperature decreases, the diffraction peak that appears at 20.7° at 95 °C indicates the formation of positional order between adjacent molecules, and the CBA molecules transform from the SmA phase to the SmB phase.

[0092] Understanding the crystal structure of CBA at room temperature is the cornerstone for analyzing the entire phase transition process. At room temperature, there are four main diffraction peaks in the crystal of CBA, and the corresponding crystal plane distances are and . Combining the crystal plane distance and the distribution of the diffraction arc azimuth angle, the following unit cell parameters are determined α = β = γ = 90°, as shown in Figure 11 . The crystal plane distances and at room temperatureThey can correspond to the 100, 020, and 002 crystal planes. The 020 and 002 crystal planes are mainly generated by the crystallization of the ester chains at the molecular ends. The interplanar distance of the crystal plane represents the weak π-π stacking between benzene ring segments. When the x-ray is incident perpendicular to the molecular long axis, the 100 crystal plane at the equatorial position indicates that the CBA molecules tend to align perpendicular to the capillary wall in the capillary. The appearance of the 020 and 002 crystal planes on the meridian indicates that the crystal orientation only exists in the a-axis direction. The diffraction pattern obtained at this time is a mixed diffraction pattern of

[010] and

[001] . Therefore, the self-assembled structure of CBA is mainly regulated by the ester chains at the molecular ends. As the temperature increases, the interaction force between the ester chains gradually weakens, and the formed crystal structure gradually disappears. As the order of the self-assembled structure decreases, the molecules transform from crystals to smectic liquid crystals and finally to nematic liquid crystals, as Figure 12 shown.

[0093] Example 4

[0094] Study the performance of the smart window doped with the synthesized CBA molecules in Example 1. The steps are as follows:

[0095] Dope it into the host liquid crystal 8CB and the chiral dopant S811. The flow chart is as Figure 13 shown, and the doping ratios are shown in Table 1, where % is the mass percentage.

[0096] Table 1 Mixing ratios of the host liquid crystal 8CB, chiral dopant S811, and CBA molecules

[0097] S0(％) S1(％) S2(％) S3(％) S4(％) S5(％) 8CB 95 94 93 92 91 90 S811 5 5 5 5 5 5 CBA 0 1 2 3 4 5

[0098] Measure the DSC curves of samples with different ratios, as Figure 14 shown. Fixing the mass fraction of the chiral dopant S811, doping CBA can broaden the cholesteric phase range of the LC system. Generally speaking, increasing the dopant concentration will lower the cholesteric-isotropic phase transition temperature. Benefiting from the similar and slightly bent molecular structure of CBA and the host liquid crystal molecules, as the CBA concentration increases, the isotropic-cholesteric phase transition temperature gradually increases and reaches the maximum value at a doping concentration of 4%. After exceeding 4%, obvious phase separation was observed in the smart glass prototype after long-term placement at room temperature.

[0099] Next, use the smart window prototype with a CAB doping concentration of 4% to explore its multiple response functions.

[0100] First, use a parallel-aligned liquid crystal cell to observe the texture of the CBA-doped LC system to determine its phase state. The polarized light microscopic texture of the CBA-doped LC system in the parallel-aligned liquid crystal cell during the heating process is as Figure 15As shown, it can be seen that at room temperature, the mixture exhibits a typical smectic fan texture. As the temperature increases, it rapidly transforms into the planar texture of the cholesteric phase. At this temperature, the director of the liquid crystal molecules lies in the plane parallel to the substrate, and the helical axis is perpendicular to the substrate plane. As the temperature rises, the color gradually changes from yellow to dark blue, indicating that the pitch of the cholesteric phase varies with temperature. At 39 °C, the mixed system transforms into the isotropic state and the birefringence phenomenon disappears.

[0101] The polarized light microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a parallel-aligned liquid crystal cell during the cooling process is as Figure 16 shown. It can be seen that during the cooling stage, many bundle-like oily stripes are generated when the mixed system transforms from the isotropic state to the cholesteric phase. These bundle-like oily stripes can be regarded as a network of defect lines dispersed in the uniform helical region. The structure of the bundle-like oily stripes is complex and mainly depends on the elastic constants of the liquid crystal molecules and the surface anchoring effect of the liquid crystal cell. At room temperature, even in a unidirectionally rubbed liquid crystal cell, the mixed system cannot form a uniform single-domain structure, which will greatly affect its transmittance at room temperature. Therefore, it is not suitable for manufacturing smart glass.

[0102] In a vertically anchored liquid crystal cell, the polarized light microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell during the heating process is as Figure 17 shown. At room temperature, the CBA mixed LC system can form a single-domain smectic phase structure. At this time, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicular to the substrate plane in an orderly manner. Since the molecular orientation vector is consistent with the propagation direction of the polarized light, the system exhibits pseudo-isotropic optical properties. During the heating process, the mixed system undergoes a phase transition, and the smectic phase structure rapidly dissociates into a multi-domain cholesteric fingerprint texture, accompanied by the formation of a large number of bundle-like oily stripes. Compared with the uniform planar state in the parallel-aligned state, this multi-domain structure produces a significant light scattering effect at the interface of the oily stripes.

[0103] The polarized light microscopic texture of the CBA mixed LC system in a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell during the cooling process is as Figure 18 shown. It can be seen that during the cooling stage, the fingerprint texture in the system gradually disappears, but the multi-domain characteristics are further enhanced as the temperature decreases. Based on the high transparency of the single-domain smectic phase structure and the light scattering characteristics of the multi-domain cholesteric phase structure, this system can achieve a reversible switch between the temperature-responsive transparent-fuzzy states. The schematic diagram of thermochromism is as Figure 19 shown.

[0104] As a comparison, a liquid crystal cell without CBA doping was prepared, with the proportions of 8CB and S811 being 95% and 5% respectively. The polarized light microscopic texture of the LC mixed system without CBA doping in a vertically aligned liquid crystal cell at different temperatures is as Figure 20As shown. Under the condition of vertical orientation, the system is in a single-domain smectic phase dark texture at room temperature. As the temperature increases, the system transforms from the smectic phase to the cholesteric phase at 32 °C, presenting a uniform fingerprint texture under a polarized light microscope. At 38 °C, the system transforms from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase, and the birefringence disappears. During the cooling stage, the system exhibits a multi-domain focal conic state texture, which is another typical texture of the cholesteric phase. The cholesteric phase interval of the mixed LC system without doped CBA molecules is significantly reduced, which is consistent with the results of the DSC curve.

[0105] The structural changes during the reversible response process to ultraviolet light can be observed by a polarized light microscope, and the results are as Figure 21 shown. The single-domain smectic phase in the initial state appears as a dark state without birefringence under a polarized light microscope. After being irradiated with 365 nm ultraviolet light for 10 s, the CBA molecules rapidly transform from a relatively regular trans conformation to a twisted cis conformation. The twisted CBA molecules reduce the order parameter of the LC system, inducing the system to transform from the smectic phase to a multi-domain cholesteric phase. Under the illumination of the visible light source of the polarized light microscope, the CBA molecules gradually return to the trans conformation through thermal relaxation and visible light excitation. As Figure 22 shown, under the illumination of visible light, the multi-domain cholesteric phase texture gradually becomes a relatively uniform fingerprint texture, and finally gradually unwinds and transforms back into a single-domain smectic phase. It should be noted that the transformation of CBA molecules from the cis structure to the trans structure is positively correlated with the intensity of visible light. When irradiated with the flashlight of a mobile phone, this visible light-induced isomerization process can be completed within a few seconds. Utilizing the conformation transformation caused by ultraviolet light at room temperature, we can achieve the ultraviolet-responsive passive switching between the transparent state and the blurred state of the liquid crystal cell.

[0106] The polarized micrographs of the vertically anchored liquid crystal cell sample doped with CBA under the electric field response are as Figure 23 shown. It can be seen that under the action of an electric field perpendicular to the substrate direction, the helical superstructure of the cholesteric liquid crystal unwinds, and the liquid crystal molecules are reoriented along the electric field direction. This electro-optic orientation effect causes the optical anisotropy of the system to disappear, and the disappearance of birefringence can be observed under a cross-polarized light microscope. The high degree of molecular orientation consistency significantly reduces the light scattering effect of the system, making the liquid crystal cell present a transparent state. After the electric field is removed, the system can quickly return to the multi-domain cholesteric phase structure, basically remaining the same as before the power-on, with good reversibility. Whether it is the cholesteric phase structure induced by ultraviolet light or temperature increase, the liquid crystal molecules can be reoriented under the electric field induction, and the fast electrochromic function of the CBA smart window can be realized, as Figure 24 shown.

[0107] The thermochromic, photochromic, and electrochromic mechanisms of the CBA-doped smart window are as Figure 25As shown, the prototype of the intelligent window doped with CBA molecules has triple responses to temperature, ultraviolet light, and electric field. At room temperature, the intelligent window is in a transparent state, and the LC mixture system shows a uniform smectic phase at this time. On the one hand, as the temperature rises, the LC mixture system enters a multi-domain cholesteric phase, showing a blurred state at high temperatures. When a vertical electric field is applied to the liquid crystal cell in the high-temperature blurred state, the LC mixture system in the chiral nematic phase will be aligned under the action of the electric field and reappear as a transparent state at high temperatures. On the other hand, when the prototype of the intelligent window in the room-temperature transparent state is irradiated with ultraviolet light of 365 nm, the LC mixture system forms a multi-domain cholesteric phase under the induction of azobenzene isomerization, showing a blurred state under ultraviolet light. Similarly, when a vertical electric field is applied to the liquid crystal cell in the ultraviolet blurred state, the LC mixture system in the chiral nematic phase will be aligned under the action of the electric field and reappear as a transparent state under ultraviolet light. In summary, this liquid crystal intelligent window has multiple response functions, which helps to broaden the application scenarios of liquid crystal intelligent windows.

[0108] The transmittance performance of the prototype of the intelligent window in different states is as Figure 26 shown, and the calculated transmittance of the prototype of the intelligent window in different states is shown in Table 2. At room temperature of 25 °C, the Tlum of this prototype of the intelligent window is 82.74%, and Tsol is 75.64%, which are at a relatively high level. In the high-temperature blurred state, Tlum and Tsol are reduced to 18.73% and 17.08% respectively, and ΔTlum and ΔTsol are 64.01% and 58.57% respectively. In the ultraviolet blurred state, Tlum and Tsol are reduced to 16.38% and 15.41% respectively, and ΔTlum and ΔTsol are 66.36% and 60.23% respectively. Under the action of the electric field, the transmittance in the ultraviolet irradiation and high-temperature states can return to the initial high-transparency level, and the change in transmittance ΔTon-off before and after applying voltage in different states is between 55% - 70%. This prototype of the intelligent window has excellent light modulation performance.

[0109] Table 2 Calculated transmittance of the CBA intelligent window in different states

[0110] 25℃(％) 35℃(％) 35℃-80V％) UV(%) UV-80V(%) <![CDATA[T lum > 82.74 18.73 80.72 16.38 84.18 <![CDATA[T sol > 75.64 17.08 73.03 15.41 74.91

[0111] According to the provisions of "GB / T2410 - 2008 Determination of Transmittance and Haze of Transparent Plastics", an integrating sphere is used to measure the haze of the CBA intelligent window in different states. The calculation method of haze is as shown in the formula:

[0112]

[0113] T = ∫T(λ)dλ / ∫dλ

[0114] Among them, T1 and T3 are the transmitted light flux and scattered light flux without placing the sample, respectively, and T2 and T4 are the transmitted light flux and scattered light flux of the sample, respectively. The transmission spectra and scattering spectra measured using an integrating sphere under different states are as shown in Figure 27 shown. The haze under different states calculated using the formula is shown in Table 3. In the initial state, the smectic-phase smart glass exhibits extremely low haze, only 3.17%. In the cholesteric-phase blurred state at a higher temperature, due to the interfacial scattering of the multi-domain structure, the smart glass exhibits a haze as high as 70.71%. In the ultraviolet-light-induced cholesteric-phase blurred state, the haze of the smart glass is 66.20%, and it still has good light scattering ability.

[0115] Table 3 Haze of CBA smart windows under different states

[0116]

[0117] The stability of the CBA smart window prototype in four switching modes was measured using a spectrophotometer in combination with a heating sheet, an ultraviolet (UV) lamp, and an adjustable regulated DC power supply. The wavelength of the light source was fixed at 550 nm. The transmittance in the transparent state of the four switching modes is above 75%, and that in the blurred state is below 25%, as shown in Figure 28 shown. The cyclic test results show that all four reversible switching processes have good stability, and repeated switching hardly has a significant impact on their optical properties.

[0118] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can still be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response, characterized in that: Its molecular formula is shown in Formula (1):

2. The preparation method of the liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S1, under the condition of an ice bath at 0 - 5°C, add an aqueous sodium nitrite solution to an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of 4-amino-4'-cyanobiphenyl, and continuously stir until it turns into a clear light yellow solution to obtain a reaction solution; separately dissolve phenol, sodium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate in distilled water to obtain a mixed solution, inject the mixed solution into the reaction solution, then raise the temperature to room temperature and stir the reaction for at least 10 hours; After the reaction ends, collect the crude product by vacuum filtration, use dichloromethane / ethyl acetate with a volume ratio of 10:1 as the eluent, and purify it by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange powder product A; the molecular formula of the product A is shown in Formula (2): Step S2, place adipic acid, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride in a reaction vessel, add a magnetic stir bar, then evacuate and fill with nitrogen to establish an inert atmosphere; then inject N,N-dimethylformamide, and stir and activate it in an ice bath for 30 minutes; subsequently add product A, remove the cold bath to raise the temperature of the reaction system to room temperature, and continuously stir the reaction for at least 40 hours; after the reaction ends, perform vacuum filtration, extract the obtained orange filtrate with brine and ethyl acetate, combine the organic phases, wash with saturated brine, dry, and then concentrate by rotary evaporation. Use dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent, and purify it by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange powder product B; the molecular formula of the product B is shown in Formula (3): Step S3, place product B, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride in a reaction vessel, add a magnetic stir bar, then evacuate and fill with nitrogen to establish an inert atmosphere; inject N,N-dimethylformamide, and keep stirring and activating it at 0°C in an ice bath to obtain a reaction solution; separately dissolve 1,4-butanediol in N,N-dimethylformamide, and then inject it into the reaction solution, remove the cold bath to raise the temperature of the reaction solution to room temperature, and continuously stir the reaction for at least 40 hours; after the reaction ends, perform vacuum filtration, extract the obtained filtrate successively with brine and ethyl acetate, combine the organic phases, wash with saturated brine, dry, and then concentrate by rotary evaporation to obtain a crude product; use dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent, and purify the crude product by silica gel column chromatography to finally obtain an orange crystalline solid as a thermo-optoelectric triple-responsive liquid crystal dopant.

3. The preparation method of the liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, it also includes extracting the obtained crude product, then adding it to an ethyl acetate solvent, and then rotary evaporating. After removing the ethyl acetate solvent, a CBA crude product is obtained. The CBA crude product is purified by silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane / methanol with a volume ratio of 20:1 as the eluent to obtain a thermo-optoelectric triple-responsive liquid crystal dopant.

4. The preparation method of the liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the dosage of sodium nitrite is 0.5 - 0.55 times the amount of substance of 4 - amino - 4'- cyano - biphenyl; the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1.5 - 2 M; the dosage of phenol is 0.5 - 0.55 times the amount of substance of 4 - amino - 4'- cyano - biphenyl, the dosage of sodium hydroxide is 0.55 - 0.58 times the amount of substance of 4 - amino - 4'- cyano - biphenyl, and the dosage of potassium carbonate is 0.55 - 0.58 times the amount of substance of 4 - amino - 4'- cyano - biphenyl; In step S2, the dosage of adipic acid is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product A, the dosage of 4 - dimethylaminopyridine is 0.08 - 0.12 times the amount of substance of product A, and the dosage of 1 - ethyl - (3 - dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product A; In step S3, the dosage of 4 - dimethylaminopyridine is 0.08 - 0.12 times the amount of substance of product B, and the dosage of 1 - ethyl - (3 - dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride is 2.8 - 3.1 times the amount of substance of product B; the dosage of 1,4 - butanediol is 4.8 - 5.1 times the amount of substance of product B.

5. The application of the liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal dopant is used to be doped into a liquid - crystal material and coated on the glass surface to prepare a thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal device; the composition of the liquid - crystal material includes a host liquid - crystal and a chiral dopant; the doping mass percentage of the thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal dopant is 1 wt% - 5 wt%.

6. The application of the liquid crystal dopant with thermo-photoelectric triple response according to claim 5, wherein: The chiral dopant is at least one of S5011 and S811; the host liquid - crystal is at least one of E7, SLC1717, 5CB, and 8CB; the doping mass percentage of the chiral dopant is 5 wt%.

7. A liquid crystal material with thermo-photoelectric triple response, characterized in that: Its composition includes a liquid - crystal material and the thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal dopant as described in claim 1.

8. The liquid crystal material with thermo-photoelectric triple response according to claim 7, characterized in that: The composition of the liquid - crystal material includes the host liquid - crystal 8CB and the chiral dopant S811; the doping mass ratio of the thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal dopant is 1% - 5%.

9. An intelligent glass, characterized in that: Obtained by coating the glass surface with the thermo - opto - electro - triple - response liquid - crystal material as described in claim 7 or 8.

10. An intelligent window, characterized in that: Obtained by using the smart glass as described in claim 9.

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