Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring device and lodging distribution mapping system

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring device and a lodging distribution mapping system in the technical field of agricultural production. The agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring device comprises a data acquisition module used for acquiring lodging images of crops; the data processing module is used for preprocessing the lodging image data and acquiring lodging data of crops in the lodging image based on an image processing technology; the map drawing module is used for converting the processed data into visual data on a map; the analysis and evaluation module is used for analyzing and evaluating the lodging distribution diagram to obtain agricultural information after lodging of the crops; the visualization module is used for providing a visualization interface for a user based on the visualization data and checking a lodging distribution diagram and an analysis result; and the windproof module is used for adopting different degrees of windproof protection according to the wind power. The method is simple and easy to operate, the stability of the camera is improved when the device flies in the environment with large wind power, the accuracy of the obtained analysis image is improved, and then the accuracy of drawing the lodging distribution diagram is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, and in particular to an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring device and a lodging distribution mapping system. Background Art

[0002] Crop lodging refers to the phenomenon that upright crops become crooked in patches or even fall to the ground. Lodging is a common problem in crop production and has become one of the important limiting factors for high and stable yields. Traditional lodging monitoring methods mainly rely on manual inspections and ground observations, but this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the monitoring range is limited. With the development of remote sensing technology, drone remote sensing monitoring technology has gradually become an important means of lodging monitoring.

[0003] When some existing agricultural drone remote sensing monitoring devices fly in a windy environment, the drone camera may be directly impacted by the wind, causing the image to shake or blur. In addition, in severe weather conditions such as rain, sand and dust, the camera will be polluted and damaged, reducing its service life. The inaccuracy of image information collection will directly lead to a low similarity between the lodging distribution map drawn by the subsequent system and the actual situation, causing certain interference to the subsequent assessment and remediation.

[0004] In summary, the present invention proposes an agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device and a lodging distribution mapping system to improve the stability of the camera when the device is flying in an environment with strong winds, so as to improve the accuracy of the acquired analysis images, and further improve the accuracy of the lodging distribution map. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device and a lodging distribution mapping system, which improves the stability of the camera when the device is flying in an environment with strong winds, so as to improve the accuracy of the acquired analysis images, and further improve the accuracy of the lodging distribution map.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device and a lodging distribution mapping system, comprising:

[0007] A data acquisition module, including an agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device, the agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device is used to obtain a lodging image of crops, and the data acquisition module is used to define the lodging image of crops as a first image;

[0008] A data processing module, used to pre-process the first image data, and then obtain lodging data of crops in the first image based on image processing technology; the lodging data at least includes the type, degree and direction of lodging of the crops;

[0009] A map drawing module, which is used to convert the processed lodging data into visual data on a map based on geographic information system technology;

[0010] An analysis and evaluation module, which is used to analyze and evaluate the lodging distribution map to obtain agricultural information after crop lodging; the agricultural information at least includes the lodging area and the data on the impact of lodging on crop yield.

[0011] A visualization module, which is used to provide a visual interface for users to view the lodging distribution map and analysis results based on the visual data;

[0012] A wind prevention module, which is used to obtain wind speed information. When the wind speed increases, it judges whether the lodging images in the collected area are valid; when it judges that the lodging images in the collected area are invalid, it re-collects the lodging images in the collected area and updates the first image data.

[0013] Furthermore, it further includes a management module, which is used for the daily management and maintenance of the system. The maintenance management work at least includes data backup, system update, and user permission management.

[0014] Furthermore, the data collection module is used to obtain the spectral feature change data after crop lodging and generate corresponding multi-spectral remote sensing image data.

[0015] Furthermore, the data processing module is used to analyze the reflection characteristics of crops in different bands based on the multi-spectral remote sensing image data of crops to identify lodging crops and non-lodging crops; based on the remote sensing image, it uses image processing technology to obtain the area of lodging crops and calculate its area.

[0016] Furthermore, the analysis and evaluation module is used to obtain meteorological data and soil data, and correlate the lodging data with the meteorological data and soil data to obtain the correlation data between crop lodging conditions and meteorological conditions and soil conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, the map drawing module is used to receive the output data of the data processing module, check and format the output data, and convert the geographic coordinate system of the processed data to the map coordinate system by using map projection technology to obtain the map coordinate data of lodging crops.

[0018] Furthermore, the map drawing module is also used to draw a lodging distribution map based on the map coordinate data of lodging crops and the lodging data of the crops.

[0019] Furthermore, an agricultural drone remote sensing monitoring device includes a drone, an image collector is loaded at the bottom of the drone, the image collector is electrically connected to the data collection module, and a wind shield assembly is installed at the bottom of the drone.

[0020] Further, the wind shield assembly includes a wind shield ring and an annular telescopic base. The top of the telescopic base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drone. A plurality of sliding rods are fixedly arranged in an annular array at the bottom of the telescopic base. A plurality of sliding cavities that are slidably matched with the sliding rods are formed inside the wind shield ring. The bottoms of adjacent two sliding cavities are communicated in sequence. Springs are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the sliding rods, and the bottom ends of the springs are fixedly connected to the bottom walls of the sliding cavities. Air vents communicating with the outside are formed on the inner walls of the sliding cavities. A plurality of air vents communicating with the sliding cavities are formed on the outer surface of the wind shield ring, and the air vents are all located in the upper part of the wind shield ring. The communicating parts of the air vents and the sliding cavities are all close to the bottom ends of the sliding cavities. The diameters of one ends of the air vents close to the outer wall of the wind shield ring are all smaller than those of the other ends. A plurality of wind speed collectors electrically connected to the protection module are arranged at the bottom of the wind shield ring.

[0021] Further, the wind shield ring is of a cylindrical boss structure.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above scheme are as follows:

[0023] 1. In this scheme, the lodging images of crops are obtained through the data acquisition module, and the image is preprocessed and deeply analyzed by the data processing module, so that key information such as the types, lodging degrees and lodging directions of the lodging crops can be accurately extracted. This comprehensive and accurate monitoring ability provides a favorable basis for subsequent map drawing, analysis and evaluation, and decision-making.

[0024] Based on the geographic information system technology, the map drawing module converts the processed lodging data into visual data on the map, enabling users to intuitively view the distribution of the lodging crops. This not only improves the convenience of data interpretation, but also helps users quickly identify the areas with serious lodging, so as to take corresponding measures in time.

[0025] The analysis and evaluation module can not only simply analyze the lodging distribution map, but also combine meteorological data and soil data to deeply explore the relationship between crop lodging and meteorological conditions and soil conditions, which helps users better understand the occurrence mechanism of the lodging phenomenon and provides strong support for formulating scientific prevention and control measures.

[0026] 2. Compared with the prior art, in this solution, when the wind is strong, it enters the sliding cavity through the ventilation port, so that the bottom of the telescopic rod and the bottom of the sliding cavity are respectively subjected to two forces in opposite directions, thereby enabling the telescopic rod and the wind shield ring to slide relative to each other. Thus, the wind shield ring gradually surrounds the periphery of the image collector. At the same time, the wind shield ring is a cylindrical boss structure, which can also provide as many effective image acquisition angles as possible for the image collector when blocking the wind. And the greater the wind force, the longer the extension distance of the wind shield ring, so the surrounding range is larger, further strengthening the protection of the image collector and improving the accuracy of its image acquisition. After the wind shield ring surrounds the image sensor as it moves with the wind speed, the cylindrical boss-shaped wind shield ring can effectively block the direct impact of strong external wind on the lens, reducing the influence of wind force on the camera shooting picture. When flying in an environment with strong wind, the wind shield ring can maintain the stability of the camera lens and ensure the clarity of the shooting picture. During flight, the drone may encounter dust, small particle debris, etc. The wind shield ring can block these debris from entering the camera lens area, reducing the possibility of the lens being contaminated or damaged. At the same time, under certain light conditions, such as strong sunlight or backlight environment, the wind shield ring can play a certain role in shading, reducing the direct irradiation of light on the camera lens, helping to reduce light interference, and improving the contrast and clarity of the shooting picture.

[0027] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the agricultural lodging distribution mapping system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is an overall axonometric view of an embodiment of the agricultural drone remote sensing monitoring device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the wind shield assembly of an embodiment of the agricultural drone remote sensing monitoring device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the ventilation port of an embodiment of the agricultural drone remote sensing monitoring device of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: 1, drone; 2, telescopic seat; 3, wind shield ring; 4, image collector; 5, sliding rod; 6, ventilation port; 7, spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0036] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments:

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] As shown in the attached Figure 1 figures: An agricultural lodging distribution mapping system includes:

[0039] A data acquisition module, including a remote sensing monitoring device of agricultural drone 1. The remote sensing monitoring device of agricultural drone 1 is used to obtain the lodging images of crops, and the data acquisition module is used to define the lodging images of crops as the first images. Using drone 1 or ground monitoring equipment, obtain high-definition images of crops after lodging, defined as the first images. Image acquisition should cover a wide area to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the data. In addition to image data, it is also necessary to collect the spectral feature change data of crops after lodging to further improve the accuracy of the subsequent crop lodging distribution map. The data acquisition module is used to obtain the spectral feature change data of crops after lodging and generate corresponding multi-spectral remote sensing image data, that is, through multi-spectral remote sensing technology, obtain the reflection characteristics of crops in different bands to identify lodged and unlodged crops.

[0040] A data processing module is used to preprocess the first image data (perform preprocessing operations such as denoising and enhancing contrast to improve the image quality), and then obtain the lodging data of the crops in the first image based on image processing techniques (such as edge detection and morphological processing), that is, identify the areas of lodging crops and calculate their areas. The first image can include multispectral images and conventional images; the lodging data at least includes the types, lodging degrees, and lodging directions of the lodging crops. For example, for the lodging direction, it can be judged by analyzing the tilt angle and texture features of the lodging crops in the image. At the same time, by combining multispectral remote sensing image data, the reflection characteristics of crops in different bands can be analyzed to further confirm the types and lodging degrees of the lodging crops, thereby further improving the accuracy of the lodging distribution map.

[0041] A map drawing module is used to, based on the map coordinate data of the lodging crops and the lodging data of the crops, and using geographic information system technology, integrate and convert the above data into visual data on the map, that is, draw a lodging distribution map of the crops, including the annotation and display of information such as the lodging area, lodging degree, and lodging direction; at the same time, it also provides user interaction functions such as zooming, panning, and querying, enabling users to conveniently view the lodging distribution map and obtain relevant information.

[0042] The map drawing module is used to receive the output data of the data processing module, check and format the output data to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data, and use map projection technology to convert the geographic coordinate system of the processed data to the map coordinate system to obtain the map coordinate data of the lodging crops. The map projection technology includes equidistant cylindrical projection, equal-area projection, polyconic projection, and conformal projection, etc. Here, equidistant cylindrical projection is preferably used.

[0043] An analysis and evaluation module is used to analyze and evaluate the lodging distribution map to obtain agricultural information after crop lodging; the agricultural information at least includes the lodging area and the data on the impact of lodging on crop yield. That is, according to the lodging distribution map output by the map drawing module, accurately calculate the lodging area to provide data support for the subsequent yield impact evaluation, establish a yield impact evaluation model based on historical yield data, crop growth models, etc., and evaluate the impact of lodging on crop yield according to information such as the lodging area and lodging degree.

[0044] At the same time, the analysis and evaluation module can also be used to obtain meteorological data and soil data, associate the lodging data with the meteorological data and soil data to obtain the associated data of crop lodging situations and meteorological conditions and soil conditions, that is, integrate the meteorological data and soil data, and use statistical analysis or machine learning methods, etc., to explore the correlation between crop lodging situations and meteorological conditions and soil conditions, providing a scientific basis for preventing lodging.

[0045] A visualization module, which is used to provide a visually intuitive and user-friendly interface for users based on visualization data, including a lodging distribution map display area, an analysis result display area, an interactive operation area, etc., to facilitate users to view and analyze lodging data.

[0046] A wind prevention module, which is used to obtain wind speed information. When the wind speed increases, it judges whether the lodging images in the already collected area are valid; when it judges that the lodging images in the already collected area are invalid, it re-collects the lodging images in the already collected area and updates the first image data. When judging the validity of the lodging images, the wind prevention module will comprehensively evaluate whether the images being collected can truly and accurately reflect the current lodging situation of the crops based on a series of preset criteria and conditions, such as image clarity, contrast, and the recognition rate of lodging crop features. After analysis, if it is judged that the currently collected lodging images are blurred, distorted or unable to accurately identify lodging features due to the influence of wind speed and are thus considered invalid, the re-collection mechanism will be activated.

[0047] During the re-collection process, the wind prevention module will automatically adjust parameters such as the angle and focal length of its image acquisition device (such as a camera) to ensure that clearer and more accurate lodging images can be captured during the new collection process. When the new image data is successfully collected, the first image data in its storage will be updated, replacing the previous invalid image with the latest and valid lodging image, so as to ensure that subsequent wind disaster assessment, crop loss estimation, and disaster response work can be carried out based on the most accurate information.

[0048] And for the already collected area, image collection is carried out again, and the first image data in the system is updated; for example, when an area has completed image collection, and then when the wind prevention module detects that the wind speed suddenly increases to a dangerous level (i.e., the preset lodging wind speed), the lodging situation of the crops in this area may be inconsistent with the lodging situation in the previously collected images, thus making the already collected images in this area lose their reference significance. This helps agricultural managers to quickly formulate more accurate and effective disaster response measures based on the latest image information and minimize crop losses to the greatest extent.

[0049] It also includes a management module for the daily management and maintenance of the system. The maintenance management work at least includes data backup, system update, and user permission management. Data backup strategy: formulate a perfect data backup strategy to ensure the security and recoverability of system data, regularly back up data, and store it on a safe and reliable storage medium; system update and maintenance: regularly update and maintain the system, repair known vulnerabilities, and improve system performance and stability. User permission management: establish a strict user permission management mechanism, set different user roles and permissions according to user needs. Provide functions such as user registration, login, and password modification to ensure the security and compliance of the system.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] As shown in the attached Figure 2 and 3 A remote sensing monitoring device for an agricultural drone 1 includes the drone 1. An image collector 4 is loaded at the bottom of the drone 1. The image collector 4 is electrically connected to a data collection module to transmit the collected image information to the data collection module for processing. A wind shield assembly is installed at the bottom of the drone 1.

[0052] The wind shield assembly includes a wind shield ring 3 and a ring-shaped telescopic seat 2. The top of the telescopic seat 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drone 1. A number of sliding rods 5 are fixedly arranged in a circular array at the bottom of the telescopic seat 2. A number of sliding cavities that are slidably matched with the sliding rods 5 are formed inside the wind shield ring 3. The bottoms of adjacent two sliding cavities are sequentially communicated. By the sequential communication of the sliding cavities, when there is a pressure difference inside and outside the sliding cavities, the wind shield ring 3 is evenly stressed, enabling it to slide smoothly downward; springs 7 are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the sliding rods 5, and the bottom ends of the springs 7 are fixedly connected to the bottom walls of the sliding cavities. A number of air vents 6 that communicate with the sliding cavities are formed on the outer surface of the wind shield ring, and the air vents 6 are all located in the upper part of the wind shield ring 3. The communication parts of the air vents 6 and the sliding cavities are all close to the bottom ends of the sliding cavities. The diameters of the ends of the air vents 6 close to the outer wall of the wind shield ring 3 are all smaller than those of the other ends; a number of wind speed collectors electrically connected to the protection module are arranged at the bottom of the wind shield ring 3. Thus, during the flight of the drone, the current wind speed is monitored in real time and transmitted to the wind protection module. The wind protection module judges whether the drone needs to collect images of the already collected image area again to ensure the timely update and accuracy of the data, and reduce the possibility that the original collected image data does not match the actual situation due to the change of the lodging area caused by strong winds in the already collected image area again. The wind shield ring 3 is a cylindrical boss structure. While blocking the wind, the wind resistance is reduced through the arc surface (streamlined shape), enhancing the stability of the drone.

[0053] The specific implementation process is as follows: According to information such as the geographical location, area, and crop types of the farmland, a flight route and altitude plan for the drone 1 are formulated, and the acquisition parameters of the image collector 4, such as resolution, frame rate, exposure time, etc., are set. The drone 1 is started within a safe area and flies according to the planned route and altitude. During the flight, the image collector 4 captures the image information of the farmland (multi-spectral images and conventional images) in real time and transmits it to the ground control station or cloud server for storage and analysis. When the wind speed increases during the image acquisition process, due to the airflow, it enters from the smaller-diameter end of the ventilation port 6 and gradually flows towards the larger-diameter end of the ventilation port 6, and then flows into the sliding cavity. Thus, the airflow will be subject to a certain deceleration and pressurization effect when passing through the ventilation port 6, so that the air pressure in the sliding cavity is greater than the air pressure at the bottom of the windshield ring 3. As a result, the windshield ring 3 is pushed downward, and then the windshield ring 3 will gradually slide along the telescopic rod to surround the image collector 4 for wind protection, so as to maintain the stability of the image collector 4 and ensure the clarity of the captured image. When the wind force decreases, due to the action of the spring 7, the windshield ring 3 will gradually return to its original position. And the windshield ring 3 in the shape of a cylindrical boss can effectively block the direct impact of external strong winds on the lens and reduce the influence of wind force on the captured image of the camera.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural lodging distribution mapping system, comprising: A data acquisition module, including an agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device, which is used to obtain lodging images of crops. The data acquisition module is used to define the lodging images of crops as the first images; A data processing module, which is used to preprocess the first image data, and then obtain the lodging data of the crops in the first image based on image processing technology; the lodging data at least includes the types, lodging degrees and lodging directions of the lodging crops; A map drawing module, which is used to convert the processed lodging data into visual data on the map based on geographic information system technology; An analysis and evaluation module, which is used to analyze and evaluate the lodging distribution map to obtain agricultural information after the crops lodge; the agricultural information at least includes the lodging area and the data of the impact of lodging on crop yields. A visualization module, which is used to provide a visualization interface for users to view the lodging distribution map and analysis results based on the visual data; A wind prevention module, which is used to obtain wind speed information. When the wind speed increases, it judges whether the lodging images of the already collected area are valid; when it judges that the lodging images of the already collected area are invalid, it re-collects the lodging images of the already collected area and updates the first image data.

2. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a management module, which is used for the daily management and maintenance of the system. The maintenance management work at least includes data backup, system update and user permission management.

3. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module is used to obtain the spectral feature change data after the crops lodge and generate corresponding multi-spectral remote sensing image data.

4. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, wherein: The data processing module is used to analyze the reflection characteristics of the crops in different bands based on the multi-spectral remote sensing image data of the crops to identify the lodging crops and the non-lodging crops; based on the remote sensing image, it uses image processing technology to obtain the area of the lodging crops and calculate its area.

5. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, wherein: The analysis and evaluation module is used to obtain meteorological data and soil data, and correlate the lodging data with the meteorological data and soil data to obtain the correlation data between the crop lodging situation and the meteorological conditions and soil conditions.

6. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The map drawing module is used to receive the output data of the data processing module, check and format the output data, and convert the geographic coordinate system of the processed data to the map coordinate system by using map projection technology to obtain the map coordinate data of the lodging crops.

7. The agricultural lodging distribution mapping system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The map drawing module is further used to draw a lodging distribution map based on the map coordinate data of the lodging crops and the lodging data of the crops.

8. An agricultural UAV remote sensing monitoring device, applicable to the agricultural lodging distribution mapping system described in any one of claims 1-7, for obtaining lodging images of crops, characterized in that, It includes a UAV (1), an image collector (4) is loaded at the bottom of the UAV (1), the image collector (4) is electrically connected to the data acquisition module, and a wind shielding component is installed at the bottom of the UAV (1).

9. The remote sensing monitoring device of the agricultural drone (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that: The windshield assembly includes a windshield ring (3) and an annular telescopic seat (2). The top of the telescopic seat (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drone (1). A plurality of sliding rods (5) are fixedly arranged in an annular array at the bottom of the telescopic seat (2). A plurality of sliding cavities that are slidably matched with the sliding rods (5) are formed inside the windshield ring (3). The bottoms of adjacent two sliding cavities are sequentially communicated. Springs (7) are fixedly connected to the bottoms of the sliding rods (5). The bottom ends of the springs (7) are fixedly connected to the bottom walls of the sliding cavities. A plurality of air vents (6) that are communicated with the sliding cavities are formed on the outer surface of the windshield ring (3), and the air vents (6) are all located in the upper part of the windshield ring (3). The communication parts of the air vents (6) and the sliding cavities are all close to the bottom ends of the sliding cavities. The diameters of one ends of the air vents (6) close to the outer wall of the windshield ring (3) are all smaller than those of the other ends. A plurality of wind speed collectors electrically connected to the protection module are arranged at the bottom of the windshield ring (3).

10. The remote sensing monitoring device of the agricultural drone (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that: The windshield ring (3) has a cylindrical boss structure.

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