Composite immune resistance inducer and green prevention and control method for ginger blast

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite immune resistance inducer and a green prevention and control method for ginger blast, and belongs to the technical field of ginger disease prevention and control. The compound immune resistance inducer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.3 to 0.5 part of oxathiapiprolin-azoxystrobin, 5 to 20 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 to 20 parts of a chitosan aqueous solution, 2 to 6 parts of tea saponin, 15 to 30 parts of a valeriana jatamansi jones extract, 20 to 35 parts of a humifuse euphorbia herb extract, 10 to 20 parts of an ampelopsis grossedentata leaf extract, 8 to 12 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 to 10 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens and 8 to 12 parts of bacillus velezensis. And 22-28 parts of modified diatomite-vegetable wax composite powder. The invention further discloses a green prevention and control method for ginger blast. The compound immune resistance inducer disclosed by the invention can effectively inhibit various pathogens, obviously reduce the incidence rate and the harm degree of soil-borne diseases such as ginger blast and the like, reduce the conditions of yield reduction and even no harvest of the ginger caused by the diseases, and ensure the stable yield of the ginger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ginger disease prevention and control, and particularly relates to a compound immune inducer and a green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger. Background Art

[0002] Since the pre-Qin period, Sichuan ginger has been renowned throughout the national ginger industry for its unique flavor of freshness, tenderness, crispness, and pungency. It has multiple agricultural product geographical indication products such as "Jianwei Malou Ginger", "Xiba Ginger", and "Yongfu Ginger", occupying an important position in the market. However, in recent years, the Sichuan ginger industry has faced severe challenges. Affected by many factors such as continuous cropping obstacles and soil acidification, soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt of ginger, basal stem rot, and root rot of ginger occur frequently and severely, resulting in a significant decline in ginger yield and even crop failure, which has become the biggest bottleneck problem restricting the sustainable development of the Sichuan ginger industry and the increase in income of ginger farmers.

[0003] Currently, for ginger soil-borne diseases, there are some immune inducer products on the market. However, in the actual use process, it is found that such immune inducers have many defects. In terms of component composition, the components of existing immune inducers are relatively single, and most products contain only a few active ingredients, making it difficult to comprehensively cover various pathogen threats that ginger may face during its growth process. The growth environment of ginger is complex, and it may be invaded by various pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses. A single-component immune inducer cannot effectively inhibit and prevent different types of pathogens, resulting in its inability to achieve all-round disease prevention and control in actual applications. In terms of the effect, although existing immune inducers can, to a certain extent, stimulate the immune response of ginger plants themselves, this induction effect is often not lasting and stable. When facing the high-incidence period of diseases or a large number of pathogen invasions, the immune system of ginger plants themselves cannot timely and effectively produce enough resistance substances to resist the invasion of pathogens, resulting in the rapid spread of diseases and a significant reduction in the control effect.

[0004] Under this background, how to prepare an efficient, scientific, and green immune inducer and develop a green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger to solve the above problems existing in the prior art and provide a new solution for the sustainable development of the Sichuan ginger industry is one of the research hotspots in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a compound immune inducer and a green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger.

[0006] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a compound immune inducer, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.3 - 0.5 part of fluopyram - metalaxyl - M, 5 - 20 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 - 20 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 2 - 6 parts of tea saponin, 15 - 30 parts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, 20 - 35 parts of Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, 10 - 20 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang & Tsai ex W. T. Wang extract, 8 - 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5 - 10 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 8 - 12 parts of Bacillus velezensis, and 22 - 28 parts of modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention adopting the above - mentioned technical solution are as follows: The compound immune inducer of the present invention realizes comprehensive and efficient protection for the growth of ginger through the coordinated action of multiple components. Specifically, by synergistically using a chemical fungicide such as fluopyram - metalaxyl - M and a microbial inoculant composed of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus velezensis, the chemical fungicide can quickly control the spread of diseases, creating favorable conditions for the colonization and reproduction of the microbial inoculant in the soil; while the microbial inoculant can continuously inhibit pathogens in the long term, reducing the usage frequency and dosage of chemical fungicides, reducing the environmental pollution risk of chemical agents, and achieving broad - spectrum antibacterial and disease - prevention effects. Further, the use of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, and Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang & Tsai ex W. T. Wang extract in synergistic action with chitosan oligosaccharide, chitosan aqueous solution, and tea saponin enhances the drug permeability, realizes plant immune activation, induces a series of defense responses in the plant, regulates the plant's physiological metabolism, enhances the plant's stress resistance and its resistance to diseases, induces and enhances the plant's immune ability from different ways, enabling the plant to more quickly and effectively activate the defense mechanism when facing pathogen invasion, and reducing the occurrence and loss of diseases. Mixing the above - mentioned raw materials with the modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder, the modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder can form a continuous hydrophobic film layer in the initial stage of action, reducing the spreading area of water droplets, blocking the spread of pathogen spores, protecting the survival and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and also avoiding the rapid loss of other active ingredients; at the same time, the multi - level pore structure therein will slowly release the thymol it encapsulates, cooperate with the rest of the components, and continuously release under humid conditions, further achieving a long - acting effect.

[0008] Further, the compound immune inducer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of fluopyram - metalaxyl - M, 12 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 3 parts of tea saponin, 20 parts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, 30 parts of Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, 10 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang & Tsai ex W. T. Wang extract, 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 10 parts of Bacillus velezensis, and 26 parts of modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder.

[0009] Furthermore, the total number of colonies of Bacillus subtilis is 1×10 8 ~2×108 CFU / g; The total number of colonies of Pseudomonas fluorescens is 4×10 8 ~6×10 8 CFU / g; The total number of colonies of Bacillus velezensis is 2×10 8 ~3×10 8 CFU / g.

[0010] Furthermore, the total number of colonies of Bacillus subtilis is 1×10 8 CFU / g; The total number of colonies of Pseudomonas fluorescens is 5×10 8 CFU / g; The total number of colonies of Bacillus velezensis is 2×10 8 CFU / g.

[0011] Furthermore, the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mix diatomite with a citric acid solution, perform ultrasonic treatment, then carry out a stirring reaction, centrifuge and wash until neutral, and then obtain porous activated diatomite through vacuum drying; (2) Add thymol and porous activated diatomite to an organic solvent for impregnation and vacuum drying to obtain drug-loaded diatomite; (3) Melt plant wax and add it to the preheated drug-loaded diatomite for a coating reaction, and then sieve after granulation to obtain the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention adopting the above technical solutions are as follows: First, through the activation of diatomite by citric acid, the surface and internal pore structures are improved to form porous activated diatomite. This porous structure greatly increases the specific surface area of diatomite, thereby significantly improving its adsorption capacity; At this time, add thymol and porous activated diatomite to an organic solvent for impregnation and vacuum drying, so that thymol is loaded into the pores of the porous activated diatomite to obtain drug-loaded diatomite; After thymol is loaded onto the diatomite, it can slowly release during the action process, continuously play an antibacterial role, and cooperate with other antibacterial components in the composite immune inducer to further enhance the inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria and improve the prevention and control ability of diseases such as ginger blast; Finally, a protective film is formed on the surface of the drug-loaded diatomite by plant wax, which can prevent the active ingredients in the drug-loaded diatomite from being rapidly decomposed or inactivated due to external environmental factors, extend the action time of the active ingredients, and ensure the stability and effectiveness of the composite immune inducer during storage and use; At the same time, the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder obtained after being coated with plant wax, granulated and sieved has good dispersibility, which is convenient to be uniformly mixed with other raw materials during the preparation process of the composite immune inducer, improving the quality and stability of the product; In addition, this powder is more easily dispersed in the soil and adheres to the roots of ginger plants, better playing its role of adsorbing harmful substances and releasing antibacterial components.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 3-6%, and the material-liquid ratio of diatomite to the citric acid solution is 1 g:(8-15) mL; the frequency of ultrasonic treatment is 30-40 kHz, and the time is 25-35 min; the stirring reaction is carried out under water bath conditions, the temperature is 75-85 °C, and the time is 1.5-2.5 h; vacuum drying is carried out until the water content of the porous activated diatomite ≤ 3%.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 5%, and the material-liquid ratio of diatomite to the citric acid solution is 1 g:10 mL; the frequency of ultrasonic treatment is 40 kHz, and the time is 30 min; the stirring reaction is carried out under water bath conditions, the temperature is 80 °C, and the time is 2 h.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), the organic solvent is absolute ethanol; the material-liquid ratio of the organic solvent, thymol and the porous activated diatomite is (5-10) mL:(0.5-2) g:4 g; the impregnation is carried out under constant temperature and shaking conditions, the temperature is 30-45 °C, the shaking speed is 150-250 rpm, and the time is 10-14 h.

[0016] Furthermore, the material-liquid ratio of the organic solvent, thymol and the porous activated diatomite is 8 mL:1 g:4 g; the impregnation is carried out under constant temperature and shaking conditions, the temperature is 45 °C, the shaking speed is 200 rpm, and the time is 12 h.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the plant wax is palm wax; the temperature of the drug-loaded diatomite preheated is 40-50 °C; the mass ratio of the plant wax to the drug-loaded diatomite is (2-3):1; the coating reaction is carried out under stirring conditions, the temperature is 35-45 °C, the stirring speed is 400-600 rpm, and the time is 25-35 min; the particle size of the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is 80-150 μm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), the temperature of the drug-loaded diatomite preheated is 45 °C; the mass ratio of the plant wax to the drug-loaded diatomite is 2:1; the coating reaction is carried out under stirring conditions, the temperature is 40 °C, the stirring speed is 500 rpm, and the time is 30 min.

[0019] The composite immune elicitor of the present invention is prepared through the following steps: Mix the above components evenly in a mixing tank, and obtain the product after crushing and mixing.

[0020] The second object of the present invention is to provide a green prevention and control method for ginger blast, including the following steps: (1) Select high-quality disease-free, plump, fresh and non-shrunken in texture, and mechanically undamaged ginger pieces for seed storage in the cellar; (2) 20 - 40 days before sowing, select a weather condition of 25 - 35 °C to take out the ginger seeds from the cellar and sun them for 2 - 3 days, and remove diseased ginger, deformed ginger and weak ginger to obtain ginger seeds; (3) Adopt the deep - ditch high - ridge honeycomb - type planting method for ginger seeds. Apply organic fertilizer before deep plowing the land, and apply decomposed oil cake 1 - 2 days before sowing and evenly sprinkle it into the planting holes; (4) On the day of sowing, mix the above - mentioned compound immune inducer and the soil in the hole and then fill it into the planting hole; (5) During the seedling emergence stage, small soil - covering stage, large soil - covering stage and vigorous growth stage of ginger seeds, configure the above - mentioned compound immune inducer into a solution for root irrigation or foliar spraying to prevent and control ginger blast.

[0021] Furthermore, the specific parameters of the deep - ditch high - ridge honeycomb - type planting in step (3) are as follows: the surrounding field ditch is 70 - 90 cm deep, the ridge width is 3 - 5 m, the ridge length is 15 - 20 m, the ridge ditch is 50 - 70 cm deep, the planting hole is 30 - 40 cm deep, the hole diameter is 10 - 12 cm, the hole spacing is 25 - 30 cm, and the number of holes per mu is 8000 - 10000; the application rate of organic fertilizer is 2000 - 3000 kg / mu; the application rate of decomposed oil cake is 100 - 200 kg / mu.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (4), the mass ratio of the compound immune inducer to the soil in the hole is 1:(10 - 20); in step (5), the compound immune inducer solution is prepared with water, and the mass concentration is 3 - 10 g / L; the root irrigation application rate is 200 - 800 mL / plant; the foliar spraying application rate is 20 - 40 L / mu.

[0023] Even further, step (5) includes the following steps: prepare the above - mentioned immune inducer into immune inducer solutions with mass concentrations of 3 - 6, 3.5 - 7, 4 - 8, 4.5 - 9 g / L respectively; conduct 1 root irrigation application of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 3 - 6 g / L during the seedling emergence stage of ginger seeds, and the application rate is 300 mL / plant; conduct 2 root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 3.5 - 7 g / L during the small soil - covering stage, with a 7 - day interval between each application, and the application rate is 500 mL / plant each time; conduct 2 root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 4 - 8 g / L during the large soil - covering stage, with a 10 - day interval between each application, and the application rate is 800 mL / plant each time; then conduct 3 foliar spraying applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 4.5 - 9 g / L during the vigorous growth stage, with a 7 - day interval between each application, and the application rate is 20 - 40 L / mu each time to prevent and control ginger blast.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The compound immune inducer of the present invention combines chemical sterilization, microbial regulation and plant immune activation. Through the synergistic effect among the raw material components, a broad-spectrum antibacterial and disease prevention system is formed, which can effectively inhibit various pathogens such as fungi and bacteria, significantly reduce the incidence and damage degree of soil-borne diseases such as ginger blast in ginger, reduce the reduction or even complete loss of ginger production caused by diseases, and ensure the stable yield of ginger. (2) Most of the raw materials used in the compound immune inducer of the present invention are natural substances or biological agents, and the addition amount of chemical agents is small; the components are environmentally friendly, will not cause soil pollution and water pollution, and will not leave harmful substances in agricultural products, meeting the requirements of the development of green agriculture; at the same time, the components synergistically enhance the effect, reduce the usage amount of a single agent, reduce the pressure on the environment, and contribute to the sustainable development of the ginger industry. (3) The key step of the green prevention and control method for ginger blast of the present invention lies in the use of the compound immune inducer on ginger; through seed selection, seed drying, scientific planting and the multi-stage application of the compound immune inducer during sowing and the critical growth period, a set of green prevention and control system from the source to the whole growth process is formed, effectively reducing the incidence of ginger blast, reducing the dependence on chemical agents, and ensuring the healthy growth of ginger. Specific embodiments

[0025] The features and properties of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The reagents or instruments used without indicating the manufacturer can be obtained as conventional products through commercial purchase. The valerian extract is from Shaanxi Senyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product specification is 10:1; the euphorbia extract is from Shaanxi Hana Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product specification is 10:1; the vine tea leaf extract is from Shanxi Xinyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product specification is 10:1.

[0026] Example 1 A compound immune inducer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of fluopyram·azoxystrobin, 12 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 3 parts of tea saponin, 20 parts of valerian extract, 30 parts of euphorbia extract, 10 parts of vine tea leaf extract, 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis with a total colony count of 1×10 8 CFU / g, 8 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens with a total colony count of 5×10 8 CFU / g, 10 parts of Bacillus velezensis with a total colony count of 2×10 8 CFU / g, and 26 parts of modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder; Among them, the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mix 100 g of diatomite with 1 L of a citric acid solution with a mass concentration of 5%. After ultrasonic treatment at 40 kHz for 30 min, carry out a stirring reaction in a water bath at 80 °C for 2 h. Centrifuge to obtain the precipitate and wash it until neutral, and then obtain porous activated diatomite with a water content of 1.5% after vacuum drying; (2) Add 100 g of thymol and 400 g of porous activated diatomite to 800 mL of absolute ethanol, and impregnate at a constant temperature of 45 °C with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 12 h and then vacuum dry to obtain drug-loaded diatomite; (3) Melt palm wax and add it to the drug-loaded diatomite preheated to 40 °C. The mass ratio of palm wax to drug-loaded diatomite is 2:1. Place it in a mixing reactor and stir at 40 °C at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 min for a coating reaction to form a uniform slurry. After cooling, granulate and sieve to obtain a modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder with a particle size of 80 - 150 μm.

[0027] In this example, the composite immune inducer is in powder form and is prepared through the following steps: Mix the above components evenly in a mixing tank, and obtain the product after crushing and mixing.

[0028] Example 2 A composite immune inducer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.3 part of fluopyram·azoxystrobin, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 2 parts of tea saponin, 15 parts of Valeriana jatamansi extract, 20 parts of Euphorbia humifusa extract, 10 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata leaf extract, 8 parts of Bacillus subtilis with a total colony count of 1×10 8 CFU / g, 5 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens with a total colony count of 4×10 8 CFU / g, 8 parts of Bacillus velezensis with a total colony count of 2×10 8 CFU / g, and 22 parts of modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder; Among them, the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mix 100 g of diatomite with 800 mL of a citric acid solution with a mass concentration of 3%. After ultrasonic treatment at 30 kHz for 25 min, carry out a stirring reaction in a water bath at 75 °C for 1.5 h. Centrifuge to obtain the precipitate and wash it until neutral, and then obtain porous activated diatomite with a water content of 2% after vacuum drying; (2) Add 50 g of thymol and 400 g of porous activated diatomite to 500 mL of absolute ethanol, and impregnate at a constant temperature of 30 °C with a shaking speed of 150 rpm for 10 h and then vacuum dry to obtain drug-loaded diatomite; (3) Melt the palm wax and add it to the drug-loaded diatomaceous earth preheated to 45°C. The mass ratio of palm wax to drug-loaded diatomaceous earth is 3:1. Place it in a mixing reactor and stir at 40°C at a speed of 400 rpm for 25 min for the coating reaction to form a uniform slurry. After cooling, granulate and screen to obtain a modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder with a particle size of 80 - 150 μm.

[0029] In this example, the composite immune elicitor is in powder form and is prepared through the following steps: Mix the above components evenly in a mixing tank, and obtain the product after crushing and mixing.

[0030] Example 3 A composite immune elicitor, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of fluxapyroxad·azoxystrobin, 20 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 20 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 6 parts of tea saponin, 30 parts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, 35 parts of Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, 20 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang et Tsi leaf extract, 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis with a total colony count of 2×10 8 CFU / g, 10 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens with a total colony count of 6×10 8 CFU / g, 12 parts of Bacillus velezensis with a total colony count of 3×10 8 CFU / g, and 28 parts of modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder; Among them, the modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mix 100 g of diatomaceous earth with 1.5 L of a citric acid solution with a mass concentration of 6%, perform ultrasonic treatment at 40 kHz for 35 min, then carry out a stirring reaction in a water bath at 85°C for 2.5 h, centrifuge to collect the precipitate and wash it until neutral, and then obtain porous activated diatomaceous earth with a water content of 1.7% after vacuum drying; (2) Add 200 g of thymol and 400 g of porous activated diatomaceous earth to 1 L of absolute ethanol, impregnate at a constant temperature of 45°C with a shaking speed of 250 rpm for 14 h, and then vacuum dry to obtain drug-loaded diatomaceous earth; (3) Melt the palm wax and add it to the drug-loaded diatomaceous earth preheated to 45°C. The mass ratio of palm wax to drug-loaded diatomaceous earth is 3:1. Place it in a mixing reactor and stir at 45°C at a speed of 600 rpm for 35 min for the coating reaction to form a uniform slurry. After cooling, granulate and screen to obtain a modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder with a particle size of 80 - 150 μm.

[0031] In this example, the composite immune elicitor is in powder form and is prepared through the following steps: Mix the above components evenly in a mixing tank, and obtain the product after crushing and mixing.

[0032] Example 4 A compound immune inducer, which is the same as that in Example 1.

[0033] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, comprising the following steps: (1) Select high-quality, disease-free, plump, fresh and non-shriveled, and mechanically undamaged ginger pieces for seed storage in the cellar; (2) 30 days before sowing, select a weather of 25 - 35 °C to take the ginger out of the cellar for sunning for 2 days, and remove diseased ginger, deformed ginger and weak ginger to obtain ginger seeds; (3) Adopt a deep-groove and high-bed honeycomb-style to plant the ginger seeds. The specific parameters are as follows: the surrounding field ditches are 80 cm deep, the bed width is 4 m, the bed length is 20 m, the bed ditch is 60 cm deep, the planting hole is 35 cm deep, the hole diameter is 10 cm, the hole spacing is 25 cm, and the number of holes per mu is 8000; Apply 2500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer before deep plowing of the land preparation. 1 day before sowing, apply 150 kg / mu of decomposed oil cake and evenly sprinkle it into the planting holes; (4) On the day of sowing, use the above compound immune inducer to stir with the hole soil and then fill it into the planting holes; the mass ratio of the compound immune inducer to the hole soil is 1:10, and 35 g of the compound immune inducer is used per hole; (5) Prepare the above immune inducer into immune inducer solutions with mass concentrations of 3.25, 3.67, 4, and 4.5 g / L respectively; At the seedling emergence stage of the ginger seeds, conduct 1-time root irrigation application of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 3.25 g / L, and the application amount is 300 mL / plant; At the small earthing-up stage, conduct 2-time root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 3.67 g / L, with an interval of 7 days each time, and the application amount per time is 500 mL / plant; At the large earthing-up stage, conduct 2-time root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 4 g / L, with an interval of 10 days each time, and the application amount per time is 800 mL / plant; Then, at the vigorous growth stage, conduct 3-time foliar spray applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 4.5 g / L, with an interval of 7 days each time, and the application amount per time is 40 L / mu to prevent and control ginger blast.

[0034] Example 5 A compound immune inducer, which is the same as that in Example 1.

[0035] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, comprising the following steps: (1) Select high-quality, disease-free, plump, fresh and non-shriveled, and mechanically undamaged ginger pieces for seed storage in the cellar; (2) 20 days before sowing, select a weather of 25 - 35 °C to take the ginger out of the cellar for sunning for 2 days, and remove diseased ginger, deformed ginger and weak ginger to obtain ginger seeds; (3) Use the deep-groove high-ridge honeycomb method to plant ginger seeds. The specific parameters are as follows: the surrounding field ditches are 70 cm deep, the ridge width is 3 m, the ridge length is 15 m, the ridge ditch is 50 cm deep, the planting hole is 30 cm deep, the hole diameter is 10 cm, the hole spacing is 25 cm, and the number of holes per mu is 9,000; Apply 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu before deep plowing of the land preparation. One day before sowing, apply 100 kg of decomposed oil cake per mu and evenly sprinkle it into the planting holes. (4) On the day of sowing, use the above-mentioned compound immune inducer to stir with the hole soil and then fill it into the planting holes; the mass ratio of the compound immune inducer to the hole soil is 1:15, and 30 g of the compound immune inducer is used per hole. (5) Prepare the above-mentioned immune inducer into immune inducer solutions with mass concentrations of 4, 5, 6, and 7 g / L respectively; During the seedling emergence period of ginger seeds, conduct 1 root irrigation application of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 4 g / L, and the application amount is 300 mL / plant; During the small earthing-up period, conduct 2 root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 5 g / L, with a 7-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 500 mL / plant; During the large earthing-up period, conduct 2 root irrigation applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 6 g / L, with a 10-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 800 mL / plant; Then, during the vigorous growth period, conduct 3 foliar spray applications of the immune inducer solution with a mass concentration of 7 g / L, with a 7-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 20 L / mu to prevent and control ginger blast.

[0036] Example 6 A compound immune inducer, which is the same as that in Example 1.

[0037] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast includes the following steps: (1) Select high-quality, disease-free, plump, fresh and non-shriveled, and mechanically undamaged ginger pieces for seed storage in the cellar. (2) Twenty days before sowing, select a weather of 25 - 35 °C to take the ginger out of the cellar and sun it for 3 days, and remove diseased ginger, deformed ginger, and weak ginger to obtain ginger seeds. (3) Use the deep-groove high-ridge honeycomb method to plant ginger seeds. The specific parameters are as follows: the surrounding field ditches are 90 cm deep, the ridge width is 5 m, the ridge length is 20 m, the ridge ditch is 70 cm deep, the planting hole is 40 cm deep, the hole diameter is 12 cm, the hole spacing is 30 cm, and the number of holes per mu is 10,000; Apply 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu before deep plowing of the land preparation. Two days before sowing, apply 200 kg of decomposed oil cake per mu and evenly sprinkle it into the planting holes. (4) On the day of sowing, use the above-mentioned compound immune inducer to stir with the hole soil and then fill it into the planting holes; the mass ratio of the compound immune inducer to the hole soil is 1:20, and 40 g of the compound immune inducer is used per hole. (5) Prepare the above immune elicitors into immune elicitor solutions with mass concentrations of 6, 7, 8, and 9 g / L respectively; at the seedling emergence stage of ginger seeds, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 6 g / L by root irrigation once, with an application amount of 300 mL / plant; at the small earthing-up stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 7 g / L by root irrigation twice, with a 7-day interval between each application and an application amount of 500 mL / plant each time; at the large earthing-up stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 8 g / L by root irrigation twice, with a 10-day interval between each application and an application amount of 800 mL / plant each time; then at the vigorous growth stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 9 g / L by foliar spraying three times, with a 7-day interval between each application and an application amount of 30 L / acre to prevent and control ginger blast.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 A composite immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the valerian extract, Euphorbia humifusa extract, and Ampelopsis grossedentata leaf extract in the raw materials with 60 parts of bentonite, and the preparation method of the remaining raw materials and parts by mass and the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is the same as that in Example 1.

[0039] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0040] Comparative Example 2 A composite immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the valerian extract and Euphorbia humifusa extract in the raw materials with 50 parts of bentonite, and the preparation method of the remaining raw materials and parts by mass and the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is the same as that in Example 1.

[0041] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0042] Comparative Example 3 A composite immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the valerian extract in the raw materials with 20 parts of bentonite, and the preparation method of the remaining raw materials and parts by mass and the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder is the same as that in Example 1.

[0043] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0044] Comparative Example 4 A composite immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the modified diatomite-plant wax composite powder in the raw materials with 26 parts of bentonite, and the remaining raw materials and parts by mass are the same as those in Example 1.

[0045] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0046] Comparative Example 5 A compound immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the chitosan oligosaccharide, chitosan aqueous solution and tea saponin in the raw materials with 30 parts of bentonite, and the remaining raw materials and parts by mass are the same as those in Example 1.

[0047] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0048] Comparative Example 6 A compound immune elicitor, compared with Example 1, replaces the Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus velezensis in the raw materials with 18 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and the remaining raw materials and parts by mass are the same as those in Example 1.

[0049] A green prevention and control method for ginger blast, the steps are the same as those in Example 4.

[0050] Experimental Example Perform a ginger blast prevention and control experiment on the ginger underground rhizomes with the compound immune elicitors prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0051] 1. Perform a ginger blast prevention and control experiment on the ginger underground rhizomes with the compound immune elicitors prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6. The experiment is divided into 10 groups in total: Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and blank control (clean water).

[0052] 2. Experimental method: Select the production base in Maliu Village, Jiujing Town, Qianwei County as the experimental field. Select a separate area in the experimental field as the experimental area. Divide the experimental area into 10 small areas. Plant ginger in each area. Irrigate the roots of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and the clean water in the blank control group at different times. The specific method is as follows: Prepare the immune elicitors prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 into immune elicitor solutions with mass concentrations of 6, 7, 8, and 9 g / L respectively; the blank control group directly uses clean water; at the seedling emergence stage of ginger seeds, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 6 g / L by root irrigation once, and the application amount is 300 mL / plant; at the small earthing-up stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 7 g / L by root irrigation twice, with a 7-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 500 mL / plant; at the large earthing-up stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 8 g / L by root irrigation twice, with a 10-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 800 mL / plant; then at the vigorous growth stage, apply the immune elicitor solution with a mass concentration of 9 g / L by foliar spraying three times, with a 7-day interval between each application, and the application amount per time is 30 L / mu.

[0053] Detection of prevention and control effect: Statistically calculate the total incidence rates of the ginger underground rhizomes of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and the blank control 10 days after the seedling emergence stage of ginger seeds, 10 days after the large earthing-up stage and 10 days after the vigorous growth stage. Repeat three times, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Table 1 Effects of immune inducers on the prevention and control of ginger blast As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention have significant effects on the prevention and control of ginger wilt at all stages of ginger seeds, all below 5%. The immune inducer of the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence of ginger seeds at the seedling stage, control the incidence of subsequent growth, and achieve effective prevention and control of ginger wilt. This is because the immune inducer of the present invention quickly kills pathogens through chemical agents (fluthiazolinone·myclobutanil), and significantly inhibits the virulence genes of Pseudomonas solanacearum and destroys the biofilm through the synergistic effect of the three plant extracts. The root protection barrier is then constructed through the regulation of the microbial flora, and physical protection is provided by the modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder, with good effect and effectively extended protection time.

[0055] In contrast, in Comparative Example 1, without the addition of plant extracts, the incidence of ginger wilt increased rapidly and the course of the disease worsened rapidly. This is due to the lack of plant-derived signaling molecules during the treatment process, resulting in a loss of virulence inhibition. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 show that the partial absence of plant extracts reduced their virulence inhibition effect, with the protective effect collapsing in the middle and late stages, indicating that the synergistic effect between the three plant extracts of the present invention can jointly achieve virulence inhibition. The results of Comparative Example 4 show that the incidence rate during the peak period was approximately 48.75%. This is because the lack of the physical barrier of the modified diatomaceous earth-plant wax composite powder prevented microbial colonization from being affected by water during the ginger seedling growth process, resulting in a lower persistence and significantly shorter duration of action. In contrast, the absence of inducers such as polysaccharides and tea saponins (Comparative Example 5) reduced the immune activation effect, significantly lowered systemic resistance, and increased pathogen invasion efficiency, leading to a significant increase in incidence. However, when a single microbial strain is used (Comparative Example 6), the microorganisms cannot form a good synergistic effect, and the diversity of the bacterial community is significantly reduced, which results in a single antibacterial substance in the middle and late stages and a poor effect.

[0056] The present invention has been described according to the above embodiments. It should be understood that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form. Any technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound immune elicitor, characterized in that, It includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.3 - 0.5 part of fluopyram - azoxystrobin, 5 - 20 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 - 20 parts of aqueous chitosan solution, 2 - 6 parts of tea saponin, 15 - 30 parts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, 20 - 35 parts of Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, 10 - 20 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang et S. K. Chen leaf extract, 8 - 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 5 - 10 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 8 - 12 parts of Bacillus velezensis, and 22 - 28 parts of modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder.

2. The compound immune elicitor according to claim 1, wherein It includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of fluopyram - azoxystrobin, 12 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 15 parts of aqueous chitosan solution, 3 parts of tea saponin, 20 parts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones extract, 30 parts of Euphorbia humifusa Willd. extract, 10 parts of Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang et S. K. Chen leaf extract, 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 10 parts of Bacillus velezensis, and 26 parts of modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder.

3. The composite immune elicitor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The total number of Bacillus subtilis colonies was 1×10 8 ~2×10 8 CFU / g; the total number of colonies of Pseudomonas fluorescens is 4×10 8 ~6×10 8 CFU / g; the total colony count of the Bacillus Velezii was 2×10 8 ~3×10 8 CFU / g.

4. The composite immune inducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mix diatomite with a citric acid solution, perform ultrasonic treatment, then carry out a stirring reaction, centrifuge and wash until neutral, and then obtain porous activated diatomite through vacuum drying. (2) Add thymol and porous activated diatomite to an organic solvent for impregnation and vacuum drying to obtain drug - loaded diatomite. (3) Melt plant wax and add it to the pre - heated drug - loaded diatomite for a coating reaction, granulate and screen to obtain the modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder.

5. The composite immune elicitor according to claim 4, wherein In step (1), the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 3 - 6%, and the material - liquid ratio of diatomite to the citric acid solution is 1 g:(8 - 15) mL; the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 30 - 40 kHz, and the time is 25 - 35 min; the stirring reaction is carried out under water - bath conditions, the temperature is 75 - 85 °C, and the time is 1.5 - 2.5 h; the vacuum drying is carried out until the water content of the porous activated diatomite ≤ 3%.

6. The composite immune inducer according to claim 4, characterized in that In step (2), the organic solvent is absolute ethanol; the material - liquid ratio of the organic solvent, thymol and porous activated diatomite is (5 - 10) mL:(0.5 - 2) g:4 g; the impregnation is carried out under constant - temperature shaking conditions, the temperature is 30 - 45 °C, the shaking speed is 150 - 250 rpm, and the time is 10 - 14 h.

7. The composite immune inductor as claimed in claim 4, wherein In step (3), the plant wax is palm wax; the temperature of the pre - heated drug - loaded diatomite is 40 - 50 °C; the mass ratio of the plant wax to the drug - loaded diatomite is (2 - 3):1; the coating reaction is carried out under stirring conditions, the temperature is 35 - 45 °C, the stirring speed is 400 - 600 rpm, and the time is 25 - 35 min; the particle size of the modified diatomite - plant wax composite powder is 80 - 150 μm.

8. A green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Select high - quality, disease - free, plump, fresh - fleshed, non - shriveled, and mechanically undamaged ginger pieces for storage in the cellar for seeding. (2) 20 - 40 days before sowing, select a sunny day with a temperature of 25 - 35 °C to take the ginger pieces out of the cellar and sun - dry them for 2 - 3 days, and remove diseased ginger, deformed ginger, and weak ginger to obtain ginger seeds. (3) Plant the ginger seeds in a deep - ditch, high - ridge, honey - comb pattern. Apply organic fertilizer before deep plowing the land, and apply decomposed oil cake 1 - 2 days before sowing and evenly sprinkle it into the planting holes. (4) On the sowing day, mix the compound immune inducer and resistance elicitor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 with the hole soil and then fill it into the planting holes; (5) During the seedling emergence stage, the small earthing-up stage, the large earthing-up stage and the vigorous growth stage of ginger seeds, configure the compound immune inducer and resistance elicitor according to any one of claims 1 to 7 into a solution for root irrigation or foliar spraying to prevent and control ginger blast.

9. The green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger according to claim 8, characterized in that, (3) The specific parameters of the deep ditch and high bed honeycomb planting are as follows: the surrounding field ditches are 70 - 90 cm deep, the bed width is 3 - 5 m, the bed length is 15 - 20 m, the bed ditch is 50 - 70 cm deep, the planting hole is 30 - 40 cm deep, the hole diameter is 10 - 12 cm, the hole spacing is 25 - 30 cm, and the number of holes per mu is 8000 - 10000; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 2000 - 3000 kg / mu; the application rate of the decomposed oil cake is 100 - 200 kg / mu.

10. The green prevention and control method for bacterial wilt of ginger according to claim 8, characterized in that, (4) The mass ratio of the compound immune inducer and resistance elicitor to the hole soil in step (4) is 1:(10 - 20); the compound immune inducer and resistance elicitor solution in step (5) is prepared with water, and the mass concentration is 3 - 10 g / L; the application rate of root irrigation is 200 - 800 mL / plant; the application rate of foliar spraying is 20 - 40 L / mu.

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