A growth promoter for improving quality of auricularia auricula and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a growth promoter for improving the quality of Auricularia auricula-judae, which is prepared by mixing radix astragali, mulberry bark, anemarrhena, and pueraria as raw materials, adding water, twice decocting, filtering to collect supernatant, combining the supernatant of the two times to obtain decocting liquid, concentrating the decocting liquid into extract, and then adding lime, propylene glycol and palm oil to obtain the growth promoter. The growth promoter prepared by the application is used in the cultivation of Auricularia auricula-judae, and the pH and osmotic pressure are adjusted to effectively promote the rapid and effective absorption of nutrients by Auricularia auricula-judae, thereby increasing the yield of Auricularia auricula-judae and the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula-judae. The yield of Auricularia auricula-judae without using the growth promoter is increased by 11.1%, and the polysaccharide content is increased to 1.54 times of the original, so that the quality of the cultivated Auricularia auricula-judae is improved, and the infection of miscellaneous bacteria in the cultivation of the fungus bag of Auricularia auricula-judae is reduced.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of patent 202411207359.6, entitled "A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation technology, specifically to a growth promoter for improving the quality of black fungus and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0003] Black fungus ( Auricularia Auricular Black fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae) is a precious medicinal and edible gelatinous fungus in my country and is also recognized worldwide as a health food. It is crisp, tender, and extremely nutritious, earning it the reputation of "vegetarian meat." Black fungus contains plant collagen, polysaccharides, and other substances. Dried black fungus is high in protein, vitamins, and iron, and its protein contains various amino acids, especially lysine and leucine. Black fungus polysaccharides (… Polysacchcrides ofAuricularia Auricular Fucoidan is an acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from black fungus. Its structure is more complex than that of proteins and nucleic acids, mainly composed of monosaccharides such as fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose. Black fungus polysaccharides have been proven to have various effects on the human body, such as lowering blood sugar and lipids, preventing thrombosis, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and enhancing immunity. In addition, black fungus polysaccharides also possess other biological functions such as antibacterial, antigenic, anti-radiation, anti-fatigue, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and protection of mitochondria. Therefore, increasing the polysaccharide content in black fungus significantly enhances its nutritional and medicinal value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a growth promoter that improves the quality of black fungus.

[0005] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned growth promoter.

[0006] The third objective of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus. By using the aforementioned growth promoter in combination with light treatment under low-temperature conditions, the yield of black fungus is effectively increased while the polysaccharide content is multiplied, thereby improving the quality of the cultivated black fungus.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A growth promoter is characterized by being made by mixing Astragalus membranaceus, Morus alba root bark, Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Pueraria lobata as raw materials, adding water and decocting twice, filtering and collecting the supernatant, combining the two supernatants to obtain a decoction, concentrating it into an extract, and then adding quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil to obtain the growth promoter.

[0009] Further, the raw materials are 25-30 parts of Huangqi, 15-20 parts of Sangbaipi, 10-13 parts of Zhimu and 20-25 parts of Gegen by weight.

[0010] Further, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18, and the relative density of the extract is 1.28-1.31 at 60℃.

[0011] The preparation method of the growth promoter is characterized in that: the raw materials are 25-30 parts of Huangqi, 15-20 parts of Sangbaipi, 10-13 parts of Zhimu and 20-25 parts of Gegen by weight, which are mixed and sequentially decocted and concentrated to form an extract, then quicklime is added and stirred and mixed, and after the temperature is lowered to room temperature, propylene glycol and palm oil are continuously added to obtain the growth promoter.

[0012] Further, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18, and the relative density of the extract is 1.28-1.31 at 60℃.

[0013] The preparation method of the growth promoter is characterized in that: the raw materials are 25-30 parts of Huangqi, 15-20 parts of Sangbaipi, 10-13 parts of Zhimu and 20-25 parts of Gegen by weight, which are mixed and sequentially decocted and concentrated to form an extract, then quicklime is added and stirred and mixed, and after the temperature is lowered to room temperature, propylene glycol and palm oil are continuously added to obtain the growth promoter.

[0014] (1) The raw materials are 25-30 parts of Huangqi, 15-20 parts of Sangbaipi, 10-13 parts of Zhimu and 20-25 parts of Gegen by weight, which are mixed and added with water to decoct for 1-2 hours, then the supernatant is collected by filtration, and the filter residue is added with water to decoct for 1-2 hours again, then the supernatant is collected by filtration after the decoction is finished, and the supernatants of the two times are combined to obtain a decoction liquid, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:1-15.

[0015] (2) The decoction liquid is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60℃, quicklime is added into the extract and stirred and mixed uniformly, then propylene glycol and palm oil are added after the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and the stirring and mixing are continuously performed to obtain the growth promoter, and the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

[0016] In the present application, Sangbaipi, Zhimu, Gegen and Huangqi are used as raw materials to provide polysaccharide deposition nutrients for black fungus, quicklime is added into the extract to release heat and form calcium hydroxide, which plays a role in adjusting pH and sterilization, and the addition of palm oil and propylene glycol plays a role in moisturizing the growth promoter, and the synergistic effect of the two adjusts the osmotic pressure of the growth promoter, so that the nutrients such as synthesized and deposited polysaccharides in the growth promoter are effectively and smoothly absorbed by black fungus.

[0017] The application discloses a cultivation method for improving the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula, and is characterized by the following steps: sterilizing and bagging cultivation material, inoculating Auricularia auricula spores, carrying out mycelium cultivation, perforating the bag when the mycelium grows to fill the bag, applying a growth promoter to the ear root after the ear tooth appears, controlling the cultivation temperature at 16-18 DEG C after the ear sheet is formed, and carrying out red light and yellow light alternation illumination treatment every day, and harvesting when the ear sheet is fully unfolded and matured.

[0018] Further, the raw materials are as follows in terms of weight parts: 25-30 parts of Radix Astragali, 15-20 parts of Cortex Mori, 10-13 parts of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and 20-25 parts of Radix Puerariae.

[0019] Further, the decoction liquid is obtained by decocting the raw materials in water for 1-2 hours, filtering the supernatant after the decoction is completed, adding water to the residue to carry out the second decoction, filtering the supernatant after the second decoction is completed, and combining the two supernatants to obtain the decoction liquid.

[0020] Further, the decoction liquid is concentrated to the extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60 DEG C, and the mass ratio of the extract, the quicklime, the propylene glycol and the palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

[0021] Further, the cultivation temperature is 20-25 DEG C, the relative humidity is 85-90%, and the cultivation is carried out for 10-15 days until the ear sheet is formed, then the cultivation temperature is reduced to 16-18 DEG C, the relative humidity is unchanged, and the red light and the yellow light are alternated to carry out illumination for 2-3 hours every day, and the alternation is carried out every 20-30 minutes.

[0022] In the cultivation process, we originally plan to use colored light to study the influence of light on the yield of Auricularia auricula, but it is found in the research that, under the condition of applying the growth promoter, after the ear sheet is formed, the cultivation temperature is appropriately reduced, the red light and the yellow light are alternated to carry out illumination treatment under the lower temperature, which can not only significantly improve the yield of Auricularia auricula, but also significantly multiply the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula.

[0023] Further, the cultivation material is dry material prepared by adding water to 70-80 parts of corn straw, 30-35 parts of basswood sawdust, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran and 12-15 parts of corn powder, and is bagged with a weight of 2-2.5 kg per bag, and the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula is 0.8-1.2%.

[0024] Most specifically, a cultivation method for increasing the content of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step one, preparation of growth promoter:

[0026] (1) Take 25-30 parts of Radix Astragali, 15-20 parts of Cortex Mori, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and 20-25 parts of Pueraria lobata by weight, mix and decoct in water for 1-2 hours, then collect the supernatant by filtration, add water to the residue for secondary decoction for 1-2 hours, collect the supernatant by filtration after decoction, and combine the two supernatants to obtain the decoction, the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1:1-15;

[0027] (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60°C, add lime to the extract and stir to mix uniformly, then add propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continue to stir and mix uniformly to obtain the growth promoter, the mass ratio of the extract, lime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18;

[0028] Step two, preparation of cultivation material:

[0029] Take 70-80 parts of corn straw, 30-35 parts of linden wood chips, 1-2 parts of lime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran and 12-15 parts of corn flour by weight, put them in a universal pulverizer, crush, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir and mix to obtain a substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder and mix uniformly to obtain a cultivation wet material, which is packed into edible fungus bags according to a specification of 2.0-2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121°C for 20-30 min;

[0030] Step three, inoculation and cultivation:

[0031] (1) Inoculate the Auricularia auricula spawn into the cultivation fungus bag after the mold, the inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula and substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%, and after the mycelium covers the fungus bag, continue to culture for 3-5 days with 20-25 min of light per day;

[0032] (2) on the bag using a diameter of 5~7mm iron nail evenly punctured, the whole cultivation bag hole number is 15~18, the hole depth is 1~2cm; after the ear, in the ear root, apply growth promoter, each ear bud is applied 1~5g, at temperature 20~25℃, relative humidity is 85~90% continue to cultivate to ear piece formation, the temperature is reduced to 16~18℃, relative humidity is 85~90%, daily with light intensity is 600~800Lx red light and yellow light in turn alternate illumination 2~3h, every 20~30min is carried out once alternately, until when ear piece fully unfolded mature can be harvested.

[0033] The present application has the following technical effects:

[0034] The present application in the cultivation process by applying growth promoter, cultivation process in low temperature after ear piece formation is treated with alternating light of red light and yellow light, thereby improving the yield of black fungus, while effectively improving the polysaccharide content in black fungus, the polysaccharide content is 3 times of conventional cultivation of black fungus, and the yield is increased by 36.1%.

[0035] The growth promoter prepared in the present application is used in black fungus cultivation, and by adjusting pH and osmotic pressure, the growth promoter can effectively promote the rapid and effective absorption of nutrients by black fungus, thereby increasing the yield of black fungus and the polysaccharide content in black fungus, the yield of black fungus is increased by 11.1% without using the growth promoter, and the polysaccharide content is increased to 1.54 times of the original, and meanwhile, the infection of miscellaneous bacteria on the cultivation bag of black fungus is reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application will be specifically described by examples below, and it is necessary to point out here that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present application, and the person skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application according to the above content of the present application.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A cultivation method for improving the polysaccharide content of black fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0039] Step one, preparation of growth promoter:

[0040] (1) according to weight part, take radix astragali 28 parts, mulberry root-bark 18 parts, anemarrhena 12 parts, radix puerariae 22 parts as raw materials, add water to decoct 1.5h, then filter to collect supernatant, add water to the filter residue to decoct for 1.5h again, after decocting, filter to collect supernatant, combine the two supernatants to obtain decocting liquid, the mass ratio of the total amount of raw materials to water used each time is 1:12;

[0041] (2) the decoction liquid is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60℃, lime is added into the extract and stirred to mix uniformly, and then the extract is cooled to room temperature, propylene glycol and palm oil are added, and stirring is continued until the mixture is uniform, to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, the lime, the propylene glycol and the palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16;

[0042] Step two, preparation of cultivation material:

[0043] Take 75 parts of corn straw, 32 parts of linden wood chips, 1.5 parts of lime, 2.5 parts of gypsum powder, 16 parts of wheat bran, and 14 parts of corn flour, and place them in a universal grinder, grind, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder and mix uniformly to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is filled into edible fungus bags according to a specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121℃ for 25 min;

[0044] Step three, inoculation and cultivation:

[0045] (1) inoculate the fungus bag after the mold with black fungus spores, and the inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of black fungus and substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 80-90%, and after the mycelium grows to cover the fungus bag, continue to culture for 4 days with light for 25 min per day;

[0046] (2) evenly punch holes on the fungus bag using iron nails with a diameter of 5-7 mm, and the total number of holes in the whole fungus bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm; after the ear appears, apply the growth promoter at the root of the ear, and the average application amount of the growth promoter is 2 g per ear bud; continue to culture at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear piece is formed, then reduce the temperature to 16-18℃ and the relative humidity to 85-90%, and irradiate with red light with a light intensity of 600 Lx for 2 h per day until the ear piece is fully unfolded and is 80% mature.

[0047] Control test:

[0048] On the basis of Example 1, after the ear piece is formed, the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light and white light are continuously irradiated instead of the alternate irradiation of red light and yellow light, and the irradiation time is the same; after the ear piece is formed, the cultivation temperature is further reduced to 16-18℃, and the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light and white light are continuously irradiated instead of the alternate irradiation of red light and yellow light, and the irradiation time is the same. The yield and polysaccharide content of the cultivated black fungus are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The polysaccharide content involved in the present application is measured after extraction from black fungus.

[0049] Table 1:

[0050]

[0051] The dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula-judae cultivated by applying growth promoter alone at room temperature was 79 g / bag, the polysaccharide content was 6.81%, and the contamination rate of the fungus bag by miscellaneous bacteria was 8.6%. After the ear piece was shaped, the dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula-judae obtained by lowering the cultivation temperature was 76 g / bag, the polysaccharide content was also reduced to 6.03%, and the miscellaneous bacteria infection rate changed insignificantly, being 8.4%.

[0052] After being irradiated by each colored light at room temperature, the yield of Auricularia auricula-judae cultivated was slightly improved to different degrees, and the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae cultivated at room temperature was increased or decreased compared with that without light, but the overall change was not significant. After light irradiation at low temperature, the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae cultivated under different light was increased compared with that without light at low temperature, but the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae irradiated by red light was only similar to that without light at room temperature, and the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae irradiated by other light was lower than that without light at room temperature.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A cultivation method for improving the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step 1, preparing a growth promoter:

[0056] (1) 28 parts of Huangqi, 18 parts of Sangbaipi, 12 parts of Zhimu and 22 parts of Gegen were taken as raw materials, mixed and decocted in water for 1.5 h, then the supernatant was collected by filtration, and the filter residue was added with water for secondary decoction for 1.5 h. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was collected by filtration. The two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to water used each time was 1:12.

[0057] (2) The decoction was concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60°C. Lime was added to the extract and stirred to mix uniformly. After cooling to room temperature, propylene glycol and palm oil were added, and stirring was continued until the mixture was uniform to obtain the growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, lime, propylene glycol and palm oil was 100:1.5:9:16.

[0058] Step 2, preparing a cultivation material:

[0059] 75 parts of corn straw, 32 parts of linden wood chips, 1.5 parts of lime, 2.5 parts of gypsum powder, 16 parts of wheat bran and 14 parts of corn flour were taken, put into a universal pulverizer, pulverized, passed through a 20-mesh sieve and stirred to mix to obtain a substrate powder. Purified water was added to the substrate powder and mixed uniformly to obtain a cultivation wet material. The cultivation wet material was packed into edible fungus bags according to the specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121°C for 25 min.

[0060] Step three, inoculation and cultivation:

[0061] (1) inoculate the cultivated fungus bag after the mold with black fungus spores, the inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of black fungus and substrate; carry out the fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 80-90%, after the mycelium grows full of the fungus bag, continue to cultivate for 4 days with 25min light per day;

[0062] (2) evenly punch holes on the fungus bag with iron nails with a diameter of 5-7mm, the total number of holes in the whole cultivated fungus bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2cm; after the ear appears, apply growth promoter at the root of the ear bud, the average application amount of each ear bud is 2g, continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear sheet is formed, then reduce the temperature to 16-18℃ and the relative humidity to 85-90%, then alternately irradiate with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 600Lx for 2h per day, and the alternation is carried out once every 20min, until the ear sheet is fully unfolded and is 80% mature, then harvest.

[0063] Comparative example 1

[0064] Compared with example 2, equal amount of propylene glycol is used to replace palm oil in the preparation of growth promoter, and the remaining steps are the same as those in example 2, that is, only propylene glycol is used as a solvent in this scheme.

[0065] Comparative example 2

[0066] Compared with example 2, the same light irradiation is carried out at room temperature of 22-25℃ after the ear sheet is formed, and the remaining steps are the same as those in example 2.

[0067] Comparative example 3

[0068] Compared with example 2, green light is used to replace yellow light to form the alternately irradiated with red light and green light in the same low temperature environment after the ear sheet is mature, and the remaining steps are the same as those in example 2.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A cultivation method for improving the polysaccharide content of black fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0071] Step one, preparation of growth promoter:

[0072] (1) take 25 parts of radix astragali, 15 parts of mulberry bark, 10 parts of anemarrhena and 20 parts of radix puerariae as raw materials, mix and decoct in water for 2h, then filter to collect the supernatant, add water to the residue to decoct for 1h, filter to collect the supernatant after decoction, and combine the supernatants of the two times to obtain the decoction, and the mass ratio of the total amount of raw materials to water used each time is 1:13;

[0073] (2) Concentrate the decoction liquid to the extract of relative density 1.28-1.31 at 60℃, add quicklime into the extract and stir to mix uniformly, then add propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continue to stir and mix uniformly to obtain the growth promoter, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1:8:18;

[0074] Step two, preparation of cultivation material:

[0075] Take 80 parts of corn straw, 35 parts of linden wood chips, 2 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of gypsum powder, 18 parts of wheat bran and 15 parts of corn flour by weight, put them into a universal pulverizer, crush, pass through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to mix to obtain a substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder and mix uniformly to obtain a cultivation wet material, which is filled into edible fungus bags according to the specification of 2.0 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121℃ for 30 min;

[0076] Step three, inoculation and cultivation:

[0077] (1) Inoculate Auricularia auricula-judae spores into the cultivation fungus bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 1.2% based on the mass ratio of Auricularia auricula-judae and substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 80-90%, and after the mycelium covers the fungus bag, continue to culture for 3 days with light for 20 min per day;

[0078] (2) Uniformly punch holes on the fungus bag with iron nails with a diameter of 5-7 mm, the total number of holes in the whole cultivation fungus bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm; after the ear appears, apply the growth promoter at the root of the ear, and the average application amount of each ear bud is 2 g; continue to culture at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear sheet is formed, then reduce the temperature to 16-18℃ and the relative humidity to 85-90%, and then alternately irradiate with red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 800 Lx for 2.5 h per day, and the alternation is carried out every 30 min, until the ear sheet is fully unfolded and about 80% mature, and then harvest.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of Auricularia auricula-judae, comprising the following steps:

[0081] Step one, preparation of growth promoter:

[0082] (1) Take 30 parts of Radix Astragali, 20 parts of Cortex Mori, 13 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and 25 parts of Pueraria lobata by weight as raw materials, mix and decoct in water for 1 h, then filter to collect the supernatant, add water to the residue for secondary decoction for 2 h, filter to collect the supernatant after the decoction is finished, and combine the supernatants of the two times to obtain the decoction liquid, the mass ratio of the total amount of raw materials to water used each time is 1:15;

[0083] (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28~1.31 at 60℃, add quicklime to the extract and stir until evenly mixed, and after cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil, continue stirring and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100: 2: 10:15.

[0084] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation substrate:

[0085] Take 70 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30 parts of linden wood chips, 1 part of quicklime, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of wheat bran, and 12 parts of corn flour, place them in a universal grinder, grind them, pass them through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to obtain substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder, mix evenly to obtain cultivation wet material, pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of each bag weighing 2.5 kg, and sterilize at 121℃ for 20 min;

[0086] Step 3: Inoculation and Cultivation

[0087] (1) Inoculate black fungus spawn into the cultivation bags after mold growth. The inoculation amount is 0.8% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate. The mycelium is grown at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium has fully grown into the bags, light it for 20 minutes every day and continue to cultivate for 5 days.

[0088] (2) Use iron nails with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly puncture holes in the mushroom bag. The total number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ear emerges, apply a growth promoter to the root of the ear bud. The average amount applied to each ear bud is 5g. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed. Then, lower the temperature to 16-18℃ and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 700Lx alternately for 3 hours every day, alternating every 30 minutes, until the ear pieces are fully expanded and about 80% mature, at which point they can be harvested.

[0089] In the cultivation methods of Examples 2-4, Comparative Examples 1-3, and the blank control group, 500 bags of black fungus were cultivated respectively. The yield, bag contamination rate, growth of black fungus, and polysaccharide content of each control group were statistically analyzed. Except for the contamination rate, contaminated bags were not considered for these indicators; the harvest from uncontaminated bags was used for calculation. The blank control group used the cultivation bags from Example 1, inoculated with the same amount of black fungus spawn, but no growth promoters were applied during the inoculation and cultivation process, and the cultivation temperature was not lowered after the ear-shaped fruiting bodies formed. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 2:

[0091]

[0092] It can be seen that under conventional cultivation methods, the yield of dried black fungus bags is 72g / bag, and the polysaccharide content is only 4.42%. Compared with the control group with added growth promoter (room temperature group) in the above control experiment, the yield increased by 11.1% after adding growth promoter, and the polysaccharide content was 1.54 times that of the blank control group.

[0093] In Example 2, the yield of dried black fungus reached 98g / bag, the polysaccharide content increased to 12.37%, and the contamination rate of the bags was significantly reduced. Comparative Example 1, based on Example 2, used only propylene glycol as the solvent in the growth promoter. This resulted in significant differences in the moisturizing and osmotic pressure regulation effects of the growth promoter, ultimately leading to less than ideal precipitation of polysaccharides within the black fungus. In Comparative Example 2, although the same light exposure as in Example 2 was used, the cultivation temperature was room temperature, ultimately preventing the light from promoting polysaccharide absorption and synthesis. In Comparative Example 3, although light exposure was conducted at a low cultivation temperature, alternating between red and green light resulted in a decrease in the polysaccharide content of the black fungus.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of growth promoters: (1) Take 28 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 18 parts of Morus alba root bark, 12 parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and 22 parts of Pueraria lobata as raw materials according to the weight, mix them with water and decoct for 1.5 hours. Then filter and collect the supernatant. Add water to the filter residue and decoct for 1.5 hours. After decoction, filter and collect the supernatant. Combine the two supernatants to obtain the decoction. The total amount of raw materials and the mass ratio of water used each time is 1:

12. (2) Concentrate the decoction to an extract with a relative density of 1.28~1.31 at 60℃, add quicklime to the extract and stir to mix evenly. After cooling to room temperature, add propylene glycol and palm oil and continue stirring to mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter. The mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:

16. Step 2: Prepare the cultivation substrate: Take 75 parts by weight of corn stalks, 32 parts of linden wood chips, 1.5 parts of quicklime, 2.5 parts of gypsum powder, 16 parts of wheat bran, and 14 parts of corn flour, place them in a universal grinder, grind them, pass them through a 20-mesh sieve, and stir to obtain substrate powder; add purified water to the substrate powder, mix evenly to obtain cultivation wet material, pack the cultivation wet material into edible mushroom bags according to the specification of each bag weighing 2.5 kg, and sterilize at 121℃ for 25 min; Step 3: Inoculation and Cultivation (1) Inoculate black fungus spawn into the cultivation bags after mold growth. The inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate. The mycelium is grown at a temperature of 22-25℃ and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium has fully grown into the bags, light it for 25 minutes every day and continue to cultivate for 4 days. (2) Use iron nails with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly puncture holes in the mushroom bag. The total number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ear emerges, apply a growth promoter to the root of the ear bud. The average amount applied to each ear bud is 2g. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25℃ and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed. Then, lower the temperature to 16-18℃ and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with a light intensity of 600Lx alternately for 2 hours every day, alternating every 20 minutes, until the ear pieces are fully expanded and 80% mature, at which point they can be harvested.

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