Mine high and steep slope ecological restoration integrated system and ecological restoration method based on double-response gel

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine high and steep slope ecological restoration integrated system based on double-response gel and an ecological restoration method. The system comprises a three-channel rotational flow mixing bin, a pulse atomization spraying device and an AI visual control system, gradient spraying of erosion-resistant, nutrition and water-retention three-level matrixes is achieved, pulse atomization and YOLO-v8 driven crack recognition are matched, and the problem of'jet flow attenuation 'of a slope with the angle being 70 degrees or above in a traditional process is solved. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a pH-temperature double-response sodium alginate-chitosan gel seed bag, spraying according to a sequence of 10-15cm of a water retention layer, 20-40cm of a nutrition layer and 10-20cm of an anti-erosion layer, and performing multispectral inspection by using an unmanned aerial vehicle to realize dynamic maintenance. The matrix system takes stone powder porous particles, activated fly ash and other solid wastes as raw materials, the resource utilization rate of mine solid wastes is effectively improved, and the matrix system is suitable for repairing complex slopes in coastal areas, volcanic rocks, cold areas and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine ecological restoration technology, and specifically to an ecological restoration system for high and steep mine slopes that integrates dual-response gel technology, pulsed atomization injection, and AI visual control. Through the gradient design of solid waste-based functional matrices and intelligent construction and maintenance, it achieves the coordinated utilization of slope ecological reconstruction and solid waste resources under complex geological conditions. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the restoration of steep mine slopes faces three major technical bottlenecks: ① The traditional jetting process has significant jet attenuation during construction on steep slopes, and the matrix kinetic energy is greatly lost during long-distance jetting, resulting in the slope adhesion strength being difficult to meet construction requirements; ② Single-responsive hydrogels are not adaptable enough to environments with drastic fluctuations in temperature and humidity (such as coastal mining areas, mining areas in high-altitude cold areas, etc.), and the seed release cycle is prone to significant fluctuations; ③ The existing system has weak intelligent recognition capabilities for highly fractured rock masses, and the matrix filling qualification rate during construction is relatively low.

[0003] In existing technologies, the spray system disclosed in CN116296345A uses a single-channel continuous spraying system, making it difficult to precisely control the ratio of layered substrates. The substrate formulation in CN115772407A lacks a temperature-responsive mechanism, resulting in poor synchronization of seed germination in areas with significant seasonal temperature fluctuations. Related research indicates that conventional pH-responsive hydrogels significantly prolong seed germination cycles under low-temperature conditions, impacting plant establishment efficiency.

[0004] In addition, the latest environmental protection policies have placed high demands on the resource utilization rate of solid waste, but existing technologies still have gaps, especially in the application of high-content industrial solid waste, where there are technical bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides an integrated system and method for ecological restoration of steep mine slopes based on dual-responsive gel, breaking through the limitations of traditional technology and constructing an innovative system of "materials-equipment-intelligence".

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0009] An integrated system for ecological restoration of high and steep mine slopes based on dual-responsive gel, characterized by:

[0010] It includes a three-channel swirl mixing bin, a pulse atomization spraying device, and an AI vision control system; the three-channel swirl mixing bin stores the raw materials of the anti-corrosion functional layer, the nutrient functional layer, and the water retention functional layer in separate bins through a horizontal centrifugal stirring device; the pulse atomization spraying device breaks and atomizes the matrix through pulse air pressure to form a high-kinetic energy jet; the AI vision control system is equipped with a multi-spectral sensor and a three-dimensional laser scanner to generate a three-dimensional model of the slope matrix attachment in real time; the three-channel swirl mixing bin, the pulse atomization spraying device, and the AI vision control system achieve coordinated control through a data bus.

[0011] An integrated system for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines based on a dual-responsive gel, characterized in that:

[0012] The three-channel swirl mixing bin adopts a horizontal centrifugal stirring structure, and realizes the independent storage and dynamic ratio of stone powder particles, fly ash matrix, and dual-responsive gel in separate bins. The microwave activation device in the bin can modify the solid waste raw materials online; the volume ratio of the separate bins of the three-channel swirl mixing bin is anti-corrosion functional layer: nutrient functional layer: water retention functional layer = 1:3:1. A microwave activation device is set in the bin to perform online microwave modification treatment on the raw materials.

[0013] An integrated system for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines based on a dual-responsive gel, characterized in that:

[0014] The pulse atomization spraying device is designed with a pulse air pressure system. When the spraying distance is ≥ 25 m, the matrix is broken into atomized particles with a size of ≤ 1 mm, and a three-dimensional swirl nozzle is used to realize the deep filling of slope fissures; the pulse frequency of the pulse atomization spraying device is 5 - 10 Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.5 - 0.8 MPa, and the dynamic adhesion strength with the rock surface is ≥ 0.4 MPa.

[0015] An integrated system for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines based on a dual-responsive gel, characterized in that:

[0016] The AI vision control system adopts the YOLO-v8 deep learning model, integrates a multi-spectral sensor, can identify the distribution of rock surface fissures, generate a three-dimensional model of the slope in real time, automatically adjust the spraying angle and flow rate, and the spraying thickness control accuracy is ± 2 mm, and the applicable slope range reaches 50° - 90°.

[0017] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for restoring high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by including the following steps:

[0018] S1: Prepare a pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet and a multi-level functional matrix;

[0019] S2: Synchronously spray the water retention functional layer, nutrient functional layer, and erosion resistance functional layer matrix through the system and implant the dual-responsive seed package. The raw materials of the three layers of matrix respectively correspond to the materials stored in the separate compartments of the three-channel swirl mixing bin.

[0020] S3: Use the AI vision control system and intelligent drip irrigation system for dynamic maintenance.

[0021] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high and steep mine slopes, characterized in that in step S1:

[0022] The pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed package is made of sodium alginate-chitosan composite gel. When pH ≥ 8.5 and temperature ≥ 25 °C, a dual-release mechanism is activated, and the slow-release rate is increased by 3 times; the weight ratio of seeds to salt-tolerant and thermophilic bacteria agents is 1:0.3.

[0023] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high and steep mine slopes, characterized in that in step S2:

[0024] The spraying construction is carried out in the order of "water retention functional layer 10 - 20 cm → nutrient functional layer 20 - 40 cm → erosion resistance functional layer 10 - 20 cm", and the single-day operation area ≥ 800 m 2 .

[0025] Before spraying construction, according to the geographical location of the slope, slope angle, slope lithology, and relevant greening requirements, a galvanized iron wire (chain link) grid or three-dimensional basalt fiber grid should be laid on the rock mass and fixed to the slope surface with anchor bolts; preferably, for gentle slopes (slope < 45°), a nanofiber grid can be used for the three-dimensional grid. The grid is woven from starch-based nanocellulose and can naturally degrade within 3 years after the slope repair project is completed, reducing white pollution and protecting the ecological environment.

[0026] When selecting the seeds for spraying construction, the principle of adapting to local conditions and ensuring slope stability should be followed, and they should be coordinated with the surrounding vegetation. At the same time, plant diversity should be emphasized, and plants that are heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant, and resistant to rain erosion should be selected; among the commonly used substrate plants for slope repair in the southern region, tall fescue, bermudagrass, ryegrass, white clover, cosmos, and Tibetan cosmos can be selected; preferably, after the spraying is completed, shrubs, arbors, and vine plants can be interplanted to further reinforce the slope matrix layer. Among them, shrubs such as pittosporum tobira, euonymus japonicus, amorpha fruticosa, and indigofera pseudotinctoria can be selected, deciduous arbors such as robinia pseudoacacia, chinese wingnut, and cork oak can be selected, and vine plants such as mucuna sempervirens, ficus pumila, and parthenocissus tricuspidata can be selected.

[0027] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high and steep mine slopes, characterized in that in step S3:

[0028] The dynamic maintenance includes drone multi-spectral inspection. The drone uses 5-band imaging (450, 550, 650, 750, 850 nm), and can quantitatively analyze 12 physiological parameters such as vegetation nitrogen content and leaf area index. When the vegetation chlorophyll index < 0.3, the AI system automatically generates a reseeding plan and controls the drone to operate with a positioning accuracy of ±0.3 m. The drone is equipped with a hyperspectral imager to identify the physiological state of the vegetation and generate a precise reseeding plan, improving the reseeding efficiency.

[0029] Other spraying and maintenance requirements strictly follow the relevant regulations of the current industry standard "Technical Standard for Slope Spraying Greening Project" (CJJ / T 292), and it is committed to always using the latest effective version of this standard.

[0030] A dual-responsive gel-based functional matrix system used in an integrated system for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines, constructing a three-level gradient structure of "water retention - nutrition - erosion resistance", and introducing a temperature - pH dual-responsive mechanism for the first time. It is characterized by including the following components in parts by weight:

[0031] Erosion resistance functional layer: 35 - 40 parts of stone powder porous particles, 25 - 30 parts of basalt fiber, 30 - 35 parts of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel;

[0032] Nutrition functional layer: 50 - 60 parts of activated fly ash, 20 - 25 parts of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, 20 - 25 parts of compound bacterial agent;

[0033] Water retention functional layer: 30 - 35 parts of bentonite, 30 - 35 parts of attapulgite, 30 - 40 parts of pH - temperature dual-responsive hydrogel.

[0034] The stone powder in the erosion resistance functional layer can be mechanically crushed from the tailings of the mine to be restored; 5% of polyvinyl alcohol or humic acid is uniformly mixed into the stone powder and microwave expansion is used (heating stage power 400 - 500 W, time 2 - 3 min, expansion stage power 800 - 1000 W, time 3 - 5 min) to form porous particles; preferably, the particle size of the stone powder porous particles is 1 - 3 mm, which can fully fill the slope fissures on the premise of not affecting the anti-scouring performance of the erosion resistance functional layer.

[0035] The activated fly ash in the nutrient functional layer is obtained by activating fly ash with citric acid or oxalic acid; the organic acid reacts with metal oxides such as iron oxide and aluminum oxide in fly ash through chelation to form soluble complexes such as iron oxalate and aluminum citrate, destroying the originally dense vitreous structure of fly ash, forming etching marks and honeycomb-like micropores or mesopores on the particle surface, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the activated powder, exposing more silicon-aluminum active sites, and promoting the loading effect of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium on the activated fly ash; the activated fly ash and humic acid chelated iron and magnesium can continuously provide nutrient components for the substrate under the action of salt-tolerant and thermophilic bacteria; preferably, the ion exchange capacity of the nutrient functional layer can be improved by microwave activation.

[0036] The composite bactericide in the nutrient functional layer is composed of drought-tolerant bacteria and thermophilic bacteria in a mass ratio of 4:1. At this ratio, the activity and comprehensive effect of the bactericide are the highest.

[0037] The drought-tolerant bacteria include Bacillus subtilis (secreting extracellular polysaccharides to enhance soil aggregation, producing protease and amylase to decompose organic debris, and releasing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus), Bacillus licheniformis (regulating the content of Na+ in the soil, secreting siderophores, and improving the bioavailability of iron elements), and salt-tolerant denitrifying bacteria (carrying out denitrification in the soil to reduce soil nitrate accumulation and secreting indole acetic acid to promote plant root development); the thermophilic bacteria include Bacillus velezensis (producing heat-resistant cellulase and xylanase at high temperatures, accelerating the decomposition of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, and secreting broad-spectrum bacteriostatic substances) and Bacillus stearothermophilus (synthesizing superoxide dismutase, alleviating the oxidative damage of slope vegetation under high-temperature stress, and promoting the dissolution of aluminosilicates in fly ash to release silicon elements that can be absorbed by plants). Through the directional screening of functional flora + process collaborative optimization, a microbial system with multiple functions of salt tolerance, thermophilia, growth promotion, and repair has been constructed, breaking through the environmental adaptability limitations of single-response bactericides in the prior art.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following innovation points: ① Dual-response gel-microbial synergistic controlled release technology: Using pH-temperature dual-response sodium alginate-chitosan composite gel, through a dual-trigger mechanism, combined with salt-tolerant and thermophilic bactericides, to solve the problem of low seed germination rate in the slope revegetation substrate caused by large day-night temperature differences in coastal mining areas; ② Three-channel swirl mixing-pulse atomization coupling device: Designing a three-channel swirl mixing chamber, integrating a microwave activation device, and cooperating with pulse atomization spraying to break through the "jet attenuation" bottleneck of high-steep slopes and improve the slope filling qualification rate; ③ AI vision-UAV collaborative intelligent maintenance system: Equipped with the YOLO-v8 deep learning model and a three-dimensional laser scanner to realize real-time monitoring of rock surface cracks and vegetation chlorophyll index, combined with a multi-spectral UAV to improve the reseeding efficiency and the utilization rate of solid waste resources, meeting the requirements of environmental protection policies.

[0039] (III) Beneficial effects

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] 1. The present invention can be widely used in the slope revegetation project of abandoned mines, effectively improving the rainwater erosion resistance performance of the slope substrate and the seed germination rate compared with the traditional process. At the same time, the slope maintenance efficiency is effectively improved through AI technology, reducing the maintenance labor cost of mining companies.

[0042] 2. The stone powder, fly ash, bentonite, attapulgite, etc. used in the preparation method of the present invention are all natural components. Using these raw materials to prepare the revegetation substrate can not only solve the problem of waste of waste resources and turn waste into treasure, but also effectively improve soil problems and will not cause secondary harm to the soil environment. The raw materials have a wide source, are safe, environmentally friendly, low in cost, and have a wide application range, with good economic and environmental benefits, and can be used on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The present invention is described with the aid of the following drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 It is an observation diagram of the main stem circumference of the shrub sample plants in the substrate effect test carried out according to the formula of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and more definite, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. However, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all devices and raw materials can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in this industry. The methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in this field.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes of mines, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Prepare a pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet and a multi-level functional substrate;

[0049] S2: Synchronously spray the water retention functional layer, the nutrient functional layer, and the erosion resistance functional layer substrate through the system and implant the dual-responsive seed packet. The raw materials of the three layers of substrates respectively correspond to the materials stored in the separate compartments of the three-channel swirl mixing bin;

[0050] S3: Perform dynamic maintenance using an AI vision control system and an intelligent drip irrigation system.

[0051] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes of mines, characterized in that in step S2:

[0052] The parameters of the spraying construction are as follows: pulse frequency 8 Hz, pressure 0.6 MPa, atomization particle size 0.8 mm; construction is carried out in the order of "water retention functional layer 10 cm → nutrient functional layer 20 cm → erosion resistance functional layer 20 cm"; a starch-based nanofiber grid is laid, with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0053] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S3:

[0054] The maintenance plan is updated as follows: the frequency of multi-spectral inspection by drones is increased to once a day. When the detected soil EC value > 2.0 ds·m-1, the AI system automatically triggers the intelligent drip irrigation system (containing 5% humic acid solution) to adjust the soil salinity.

[0055] A dual-responsive gel-based functional matrix system A1 for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0056] Erosion resistance functional layer: 40 parts of stone powder porous particles, 25 parts of basalt fiber, 35 parts of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel;

[0057] Nutrient functional layer: 60 parts of activated fly ash, 20 parts of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, 20 parts of salt-tolerant thermophilic bacteria agent;

[0058] Water retention functional layer: 35 parts of bentonite, 35 parts of attapulgite, 30 parts of pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel.

[0059] This example is mainly used for the repair of mine slopes in the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Prepare a pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet and a multi-level functional matrix;

[0063] S2: Synchronously spray the matrices of the water retention functional layer, the nutrient functional layer, and the erosion resistance functional layer through the system and implant the dual-responsive seed packet. The raw materials of the three layers of matrices respectively correspond to the materials stored in the separate bins of the three-channel cyclone mixing bin;

[0064] S3: Carry out dynamic maintenance using the AI vision control system and the intelligent drip irrigation system.

[0065] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S2:

[0066] The parameters of the spraying construction are as follows: pulse frequency 10 Hz, spraying pressure 0.8 MPa, atomization particle size ≤ 0.5 mm; construction is carried out in the order of "water retention functional layer 20 cm → nutrient functional layer 40 cm → erosion resistance functional layer 10 cm"; lay three-dimensional basalt fiber grid (pore size 5 mm × 5 mm), the depth of the grid embedded in the crack ≥ 1 cm to enhance the interfacial bonding force, and the spraying volume increases by 20% compared with the conventional mode; install an automatic adjustment device for the inclination angle of the swirl nozzle (maximum adjustment angle 45°) to adapt to the rock surface with a crack depth ≥ 5 cm.

[0067] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S3:

[0068] The maintenance plan is updated as follows: the imager adds a 950 nm band to quantitatively analyze the matrix crack filling degree. When the detected unfilled crack rate > 5%, the AI system automatically generates a secondary spraying plan, and 15% expanded perlite is added to the spraying material to improve the matrix expansion and wall-hanging effect.

[0069] A dual-responsive gel-based functional matrix system A2 for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0070] Erosion resistance functional layer: 38 parts of stone powder porous particles, 28 parts of basalt fiber, 34 parts of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel;

[0071] Nutrient functional layer: 57 parts of activated fly ash, 22 parts of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, 21 parts of salt-tolerant and thermophilic bacteria agent;

[0072] Water retention functional layer: 33 parts of bentonite, 32 parts of attapulgite, 35 parts of pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel.

[0073] This example is mainly used for slope repair of inland high-fracture volcanic rock mines.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1: Prepare a pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet and a multi-level functional matrix;

[0077] S2: Synchronously spray the matrices of the water retention functional layer, nutrient functional layer, and erosion resistance functional layer through the system and implant the dual-responsive seed packet. The raw materials of the three layers of matrices respectively correspond to the materials stored in the separate bins of the three-channel swirl mixing bin;

[0078] S3: Use the AI vision control system and the intelligent drip irrigation system for dynamic maintenance.

[0079] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S1:

[0080] The dual-responsive hydrogel seed package is updated as follows: 5% low-temperature activator (compound of ammonium nitrate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) is added to the gel, and the weight ratio of seeds to low-temperature-resistant bactericide is 1:0.4 to ensure the low-temperature stability of the gel system. In addition, evergreen cold-resistant and wind-resistant trees such as pine and cypress can be replanted on the slope platform.

[0081] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S2:

[0082] The parameters of the spraying construction are as follows: pulse frequency 6 Hz, spraying pressure 0.7 MPa, atomization particle size ≤ 0.8 mm. A pipeline heating device is added to the sprayer (maintaining the substrate temperature ≥ 5°C) to prevent the substrate from condensing at low temperatures. The spraying sequence is changed to "water retention functional layer 16 cm → nutrient functional layer 32 cm → erosion resistance functional layer 16 cm". A nano-aerogel thermal insulation grid with a thickness of 2 mm and a thermal resistance ≥ 3.5 (m2·K) / W needs to be laid between each layer to reduce the influence of day-night temperature difference on the substrate.

[0083] An ecological restoration method for an integrated system for repairing high-steep slopes in mines, characterized in that in step S3:

[0084] The maintenance plan is updated as follows: The AI vision control system is equipped with an infrared thermal imaging sensor to monitor the real-time distribution of the substrate temperature field. A cold-resistant unmanned aerial vehicle is used, and the 5-band imaging adds an 850 nm infrared band to quantitatively analyze the freeze-thaw damage degree of the substrate. When the vegetation chlorophyll index < 0.25, the AI system generates a reseeding plan, and 15% porous ceramsite is added to the reseeding material.

[0085] A dual-responsive gel-based functional substrate system A3 for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines, characterized by including the following components in parts by weight:

[0086] Erosion resistance functional layer: 35 parts of stone powder porous particles, 30 parts of basalt fiber, 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, and an additional 5 parts of porous ceramsite are added to enhance the surface heat insulation performance;

[0087] Nutrient functional layer: 50 parts of activated fly ash, 25 parts of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, 25 parts of bactericide. The original salt-tolerant and thermophilic bactericide is changed to a low-temperature-resistant bactericide (compounded by Bacillus subtilis cold-tolerant variant and Bacillus licheniformis in a ratio of 3:1 to ensure the stable activity of the bactericide in a low-temperature environment of -10 to 5°C);

[0088] Water retention functional layer: 30 parts of bentonite, 30 parts of attapulgite, 40 parts of pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel. An additional 10% vermiculite powder is added to the hydrogel, and the thermal conductivity ≤ 0.06 W / (m·K) to prevent heat loss of the substrate.

[0089] This embodiment is mainly used for slope restoration of mines in high-altitude cold regions.

[0090] Comparative Example 1: Control group for traditional mine restoration in the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang

[0091] The process is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that: in step S1, the erosion-resistant functional layer of the substrate uses ordinary mortar (without porous particles), the nutrient functional layer does not add salt-tolerant thermophilic bacteria agent and is not subjected to microwave activation treatment, and the water-retaining functional layer uses a single pH-responsive gel (without temperature trigger); in step S2, single-channel spraying is used during spraying construction (the substrate mixture is not stratified); at this time, the prepared substrate system is D1.

[0092] Comparative Example 2: Control group for traditional high-fracture volcanic rock mine restoration

[0093] The process is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that: in step S1, the erosion-resistant functional layer of the substrate uses ordinary mortar (without porous particles), the nutrient functional layer does not add salt-tolerant thermophilic bacteria agent and is not subjected to microwave activation treatment, and the water-retaining functional layer uses a single pH-responsive gel (without temperature trigger); in step S2, single-channel spraying is used during spraying construction (the substrate mixture is not stratified); at this time, the prepared substrate system is D2.

[0094] Comparative Example 3: Control group for traditional high-altitude cold region mine restoration

[0095] The process is basically the same as that of Example 3, except that: in step S1, the erosion-resistant functional layer of the substrate uses ordinary mortar (without porous particles), the nutrient functional layer does not add low-temperature-resistant bacteria agent and is not subjected to microwave activation treatment, and the water-retaining functional layer uses a single pH-responsive gel (without temperature trigger); in step S2, single-channel spraying is used during spraying construction (the substrate mixture is not stratified); at this time, the prepared substrate system is D3.

[0096] Soil improvement tests were carried out on the products of the above examples and comparative examples to verify their performance.

[0097] (1) Physicochemical property test of the substrate

[0098] Physicochemical property tests were carried out on the substrate, and the latest effective version of this standard was always adopted as the reference standard for the tests:

[0099] The cohesion of the substrate was measured by the direct shear test in the "Standard for Geotechnical Test Methods" (GB / T 50123); the segregation degree of the substrate was detected by the oscillating sieving method in Appendix A of the "Technical Standard for Slope Spraying Greening Engineering" (CJJ / T 292).

[0100] Table 1 Test results of substrate cohesion and segregation degree

[0101]

[0102] Referring to "Soil Testing" (NY / T 1121.4), the core cutter method was used to detect the bulk density of the substrate, the chemical titration method was used to detect the organic matter content of the substrate, the potentiometric method was used to detect the pH value of the substrate, and the core cutter saturation method was used to detect the maximum water holding capacity of the substrate.

[0103] Table 2 Test results of organic matter, pH value and maximum water holding capacity of the substrate

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Referring to "Soil Testing" (NY / T 1121.4) and "Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus and Available Potassium in Neutral and Calcareous Soils - Combined Extraction - Colorimetric Method" (NY / T 1848), the spectrophotometer method was used to detect the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the substrate.

[0107] Table 3 Test results of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the substrate

[0108]

[0109] In summary, the physical and chemical properties of the substrate meet the quality standards of the spraying substrate. At the same time, by comparing with Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3, it can be seen that Examples 1, 2 and 3 can play the best slope repair role, can better improve the physical and chemical properties of the slope soil, fully transport nutrient components, and also have excellent weather resistance.

[0110] (2) Effect of the substrate

[0111] In the ecological environment restoration project of the northern part of Cezi Island in Zhoushan and the revegetation project of Xingxing abandoned mine, a slope revegetation test was carried out. The test was carried out on the slope platform, and the vegetative substrate was transported to the site. Two groups of comparisons were set in the test: the improved group applied the substrate of this invention patent (the main component adopted the formula of Example 1, and the stone powder particles were from the wet - produced mud cake of Zhoushan construction stone mine without stratification treatment); the control group adopted unimproved ordinary mountain skin soil. Small shrubs were planted in rows on the test platform, mainly choosing Pittosporum tobira and Buxus megistophylla, with a plant spacing of 2.0 m and a row spacing of 1.0 m, and planted alternately in columns. The seedlings were mainly purchased from Jinhua and Jiande in Zhejiang. Five shrubs were selected as observation samples in the substrate of the improved group and the ordinary mountain skin soil of the control group respectively, numbered as No. 1 - 5 in the improved group and No. 1 - 5 in the control group. The plant height of the above - ground part of the selected samples was regularly observed and recorded for one year, and the data are shown in Table 4. Based on the observed data, a dynamic graph of plant height growth was drawn, as shown in Figure 1 .

[0112] Table 4 Record of plant growth data of shrub samples

[0113]

[0114] Perform a t-test according to the paired design, and take the difference between the final and initial ground plant height / main stem circumference of the tested plants as the t-test result X i (X1 for the improvement group and X2 for the control group) for statistics. It can be calculated that for the ground plant height, the t-test statistic t(ground plant height) = 3.028 > t 0.05,4 , indicating that the difference between Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 in ground plant height reaches an extremely significant level (p < 0.05). In summary, adding the matrix of this patent embodiment to the traditional vegetation substrate (mountain skin soil) has a statistical significance on the ground plant height of plants, that is, the dual-responsive gel-based functional matrix system described in this patent has a good effect on the ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines.

[0115] It should be understood that the above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is only for explaining the technical route and characteristics of the present invention, and its purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. Any changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated system for ecological restoration of high-steep slopes in mines based on dual-responsive gels, characterized in that: It includes a three-channel swirl mixing bin, a pulsed atomization spraying device, and an AI vision control system; the three-channel swirl mixing bin stores the raw materials of the corrosion-resistant functional layer, the nutrient functional layer, and the water-retaining functional layer in separate bins through a horizontal centrifugal stirring device; the pulsed atomization spraying device breaks and atomizes the matrix through pulsed air pressure to form a high-kinetic energy spraying jet; the AI vision control system is equipped with a multispectral sensor and a three-dimensional laser scanner to generate a three-dimensional model of the slope matrix attachment in real time; the three-channel swirl mixing bin, the pulsed atomization spraying device, and the AI vision control system achieve coordinated control through a data bus.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacity ratio of the separate bins of the three-channel swirl mixing bin is corrosion-resistant functional layer: nutrient functional layer: water-retaining functional layer = 1:3:1, and a microwave activation device is provided in the bin to perform on-line microwave modification treatment on the raw materials.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse frequency of the pulsed atomization spraying device is 5 - 10 Hz, the spraying pressure is 0.5 - 0.8 MPa, when the spraying distance ≥ 25 m, the atomization particle size of the matrix ≤ 1 mm, and the dynamic adhesion strength with the rock surface ≥ 0.4 MPa.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The AI vision control system integrates a deep learning algorithm, can identify the distribution of rock surface cracks and automatically adjust the spraying path, and the spraying thickness control accuracy is ±2 mm.

5. An ecological restoration method based on the system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Prepare a pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet and a multi-level functional matrix; S2: Synchronously spray the water-retaining functional layer, the nutrient functional layer, and the corrosion-resistant functional layer matrix through the system and implant the dual-responsive seed packet. The raw materials of the three layers of matrix respectively correspond to the materials stored in the separate bins of the three-channel swirl mixing bin; S3: Perform dynamic maintenance using the AI vision control system and the intelligent drip irrigation system.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein In step S1: The pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel seed packet is made of sodium alginate-chitosan composite gel, and the release rate is increased by 3 times when pH ≥ 8.5 and temperature ≥ 25 °C. The weight ratio of the seeds to the salt-tolerant thermophilic bacterium agent is 1:0.

3.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein In step S2: The spraying construction is carried out in the order of "water-retaining functional layer 10 - 20 cm → nutrient functional layer 20 - 40 cm → corrosion-resistant functional layer 10 - 20 cm", the single-day operation area ≥ 800 m2, and a three-dimensional grid is laid between the matrix layers.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein In step S3: The dynamic maintenance includes multi-spectral inspection by drones. When the vegetation chlorophyll index < 0.3, the AI system automatically generates a reseeding plan and controls the drone to operate with a positioning accuracy of ±0.3 m.

9. A dual-responsive gel-based functional matrix system for an integrated ecological restoration system of high and steep mine slopes, characterized in that, It includes the following components by weight: Corrosion-resistant functional layer: 35 - 40 parts of stone powder porous particles, 25 - 30 parts of basalt fiber, 30 - 35 parts of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel; Nutrient functional layer: 50 - 60 parts of activated fly ash, 20 - 25 parts of humic acid chelated iron and magnesium, 20 - 25 parts of compound bacterium agent; Water-retaining functional layer: 30 - 35 parts of bentonite, 30 - 35 parts of attapulgite, 30 - 40 parts of pH-temperature dual-responsive hydrogel.

Images