Adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guider

Abstract

The invention provides an adjustable femoral neck fracture cannulated screw placement guider, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. Comprising a guide module which is a trapezoidal column, the inclined face of the guide module is a binding face, the plane where the height of the guide module is located is a front view face, and the lower bottom face of the guide module is an upper view face; and the guide assembly is used for guiding the cannulated screw guide needle inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected with the guide module. By arranging the guide assembly, preoperative personalized evaluation and the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortex support of the three hollow nails in an ellipse can be combined, an ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangular configuration) formed by the three hollow nails in the femoral neck can be better guided and achieved, the ray exposure quantity of a patient and a doctor in an operation can be reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the penetration rate of the hollow nail at the rear upper part can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to an adjustable hollow nail placement guide for femoral neck fractures. Background Art

[0002] Femoral neck fractures are common orthopedic fractures. Surgical treatment is the most common approach, with two main types of procedures: head-preserving surgery, specifically closed reduction and internal fixation; and total hip replacement. For head-preserving surgery, most orthopedic surgeons still prefer three cannulated screws placed in parallel for femoral neck fracture fixation. The spatial configurations of three cannulated screws placed in parallel can be categorized as equilateral triangle, inverted triangle, and oblique triangle. Although biomechanical studies have shown that the inverted triangle arrangement has a greater axial load limit than the equilateral triangle arrangement and that internal fixation with an inverted triangle arrangement can effectively avoid complications of subtrochanteric fractures, the incidence of complications such as fracture displacement and femoral head necrosis remains high. Because the morphological characteristics of the femoral neck isthmus directly influence the spatial configuration of three cannulated screws used for femoral neck fracture fixation, the oblique triangle configuration theoretically perfectly achieves the technical requirements of three cannulated screws placed in parallel, while achieving maximum dispersion and cortical support. This configuration also effectively reduces the rate of posterosuperior cannulated screw extrusion. The purpose of the hollow nail guide is not only to stably insert the hollow nail guide needle, but also to effectively shorten the operation time and reduce intraoperative radiation exposure.

[0003] Currently, standard equilateral and inverted equilateral (AO) triangles are commonly used in clinical practice. These triangular guides are designed based on the circular cross-section of the femoral neck, and the size of the triangle is fixed and cannot be adjusted. When using such guides for screw placement in a femoral neck with an elliptical cross-section, several issues arise, such as a concentrated distribution of cannulated screws relative to the femoral neck, insufficient dispersion, irritation of the femoral neck cortex, and iatrogenic extrusion of cannulated screws located posteriorly and superiorly. The use of three-dimensional computer-assisted navigation systems can improve the accuracy of cannulated screw placement, offering advantages in ensuring parallelism of cannulated screws, maximizing inter-cannulated screw dispersion, and achieving cortical support for the femoral neck. However, the complex and expensive equipment required for these navigation systems, coupled with the complex surgical procedure (including pre-scanning, registration, and preoperative planning), have limited their widespread clinical application. Moreover, during the entire operation, it is also impossible to effectively prompt the surgeon to combine the personalized assessment of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck isthmus before the operation to complete the nail placement guidance operation of the ideal spatial configuration of the three hollow nails. Therefore, the present invention provides an adjustable hollow nail placement guide for femoral neck fracture to meet the needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an adjustable hollow nail placement guide for femoral neck fractures. By setting a guide component, it can be used to guide the hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck. The guide module is fixed to the proximal femoral bone of the patient through the cooperation between the guide components, and then the placement of three hollow nails is completed based on the preoperative personalized evaluation. Such a setting can not only combine the preoperative personalized evaluation and the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortical support of the three hollow nails in the ellipse, better guide and realize the three hollow nails to form an ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangle configuration) in the femoral neck, but also enable the device to be firmly fixed during the operation, thereby stably and accurately placing the hollow nail guide needle, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of the patient and the doctor during the operation, and at the same time effectively reducing the penetration rate of the posterior and superior hollow nails.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An adjustable hollow nail placement guide for femoral neck fractures includes a guide module, the guide module is a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guide module is a fitting surface, the plane where the height of the guide module is located is a frontal viewing surface, and the lower bottom surface of the guide module is a top viewing surface; a guide assembly, the guide assembly is used to guide a hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected to the guide module.

[0007] Optionally, the guide assembly includes two groups of fixed pinholes respectively opened on the upper viewing surface and the front viewing surface, the diameter of the fixed pinholes is 2 mm, and a rotating hole opened on the front viewing surface, the rotating hole is circular and has a diameter of 50 mm.

[0008] Optionally, there are a total of six fixed pinholes in the two groups, three fixed pinholes in a group, divided into two groups, each group of fixed pinholes is distributed in a linear array, and the hole spacing is 15 mm, the guide direction of the fixed pinholes opened on the front viewing surface and the angle between the front viewing surface is 70°, and the guide direction of the fixed pinholes opened on the top viewing surface and the angle between the top viewing surface is 10°.

[0009] Optionally, a rotating groove is provided on the inner wall of the rotating hole, a rotating circular plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove, two first limiting columns are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate, a first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate, and two limiting holes are symmetrically provided on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate.

[0010] Optionally, a second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the first connecting plate near the top, one end of the second connecting plate is fixedly connected to a C-shaped elastic plate, one end of the C-shaped elastic plate is fixedly connected to an L-shaped fixing plate, and a second limiting column and an indicator plate are respectively fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixing plate.

[0011] Optionally, a first avoidance groove is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface, a plurality of limit grooves are provided on the inner wall of the first avoidance groove, a plurality of fixed-rotation guide pin holes are provided on the front viewing surface, and a fixed-rotation guide pin hole is provided at every 5° interval, the fixed-rotation guide pin holes are distributed in a circular arc array, and the angle between the guide direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the guide direction and the fitting surface is 130°, the diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole is 2.6 mm, and an angle scale is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface near the fixed-rotation guide pin hole.

[0012] Optionally, the two first limiting columns are slidably connected to the same elliptical guide block, and a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove are symmetrically opened on the outer wall of the elliptical guide block, wherein the length of the first sliding groove is longer than that of the second sliding groove.

[0013] Optionally, the major semi-axis of the ellipse, the minor semi-axis of the ellipse and the eccentricity of the ellipse set on the elliptical guide block are: 17 mm, 13.5 mm and 0.6 respectively, wherein the elliptical guide block is an elliptical cylinder with an inclined surface at one end, and a central axis guide pin hole is provided at the center position of the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block, the angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the guide direction and the fitting surface is 130°, and the diameter of the central axis guide pin hole is 2.6 mm.

[0014] Optionally, three groups of hollow nail guide needle holes distributed in a fan shape are provided on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block, the diameter of the hollow nail guide needle hole is 2.6 mm, and the hole spacing is 0.1 mm. The angle between the guiding direction of the hollow nail guide needle hole and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the hollow nail guide needle hole and the fitting surface is 130°.

[0015] Optionally, each group of the plurality of hollow nail guide needle holes distributed in a fan shape is divided into three areas, namely a red rectangular area, a green fan-shaped area and a yellow fan-shaped area. When targeting the left femur, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted into the green fan-shaped area, and conversely, when targeting the right femoral neck, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted into the yellow area.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the above scheme, by setting up a guide component, it can be used to guide the hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck. The guide module is fixed to the proximal femoral bone of the patient through the cooperation between the guide components, and then the placement of the three hollow nails is completed based on the preoperative personalized evaluation. Such a setting can not only combine the preoperative personalized evaluation and the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortical support of the three hollow nails in the ellipse, but also better guide and realize the three hollow nails to form an ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangle configuration) in the femoral neck, and enable the device to be firmly fixed during the operation, thereby stably and accurately placing the hollow nail guide needle, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of patients and doctors during the operation, and at the same time effectively reducing the penetration rate of the posterior and superior hollow nails.

[0018] By setting up fixing pin holes in the guide component, it is not only possible to adapt to the diameter of the clinically standard fixing pins, but also possible to adjust the hole position of the fixing pin insertion according to the differences in the thickness of the femoral shaft of different patients. When the three fixing pins are inserted into these two groups of fixing pin holes respectively, an angle toward the femoral shaft can be formed, and then the movement of the guide module can be constrained by the three-point fixation method, and finally the guide module can be fixed on the proximal femoral bone of the patient.

[0019] By providing a fixed-rotation guide pin hole, a limiting hole, and a rotating circular plate within the guide assembly, the contours of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the aforementioned limiting hole are adapted to each other in order to limit the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate. The fixed-rotation guide pin can be inserted into the corresponding fixed-rotation guide pin hole at different positions, referring to the different angles indicated by the angle scale. The fixed-rotation guide pin then passes through the limiting hole in the rotating circular plate and penetrates the femoral shaft, thus limiting the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate.

[0020] By arranging a C-shaped elastic plate, an L-shaped fixed plate, a second limiting column and an indicator plate in the guide assembly, it is no longer necessary to insert the fixed-rotation guide pin into the fixed-rotation guide pin hole, and then pass it through the limiting hole on the rotating circular plate and then pierce the femoral shaft. This not only reduces damage to the patient's femur, but also allows the torsion angle of the elliptical guide block to be adjusted by pressing the L-shaped fixed plate to rotate the circular plate, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate.

[0021] By setting an elliptical guide block and a hollow nail guide needle in the guide assembly, not only can the personalized preoperative assessment of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck isthmus be effectively combined to complete the ideal spatial configuration of the three hollow nails, but the possibility of iatrogenic perforation of the posterior superior hollow nail can also be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the first-person perspective structure of an adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the third-dimensional structure of an adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture from a second perspective;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the guide module and the rotating circular plate;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional enlarged three-dimensional structure of the guide module and the rotating circular plate;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A in the middle is an enlarged schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure;

[0028] Figure 6 This is an enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating circular plate, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 The enlarged three-dimensional structure diagram at B in the middle;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the elliptical guide block from the first perspective;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of the elliptical guide block from the second perspective;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the elliptical guide block from the third perspective.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Guide module; 101. Front view; 102. Top view; 103. Fitting surface; 104. Fixing pin; 105. Fixing pin hole; 106. Rotation hole; 107. Fixed rotation guide pin hole; 108. Angle scale; 2. Avoidance groove; 201. Limiting groove; 202. Rotation groove; 3. Rotating circular plate; 301. First limiting column; 302. Limiting hole; 303. First connecting plate; 304. Second connecting plate Connecting plate; 305, C-shaped elastic plate; 306, L-shaped fixing plate; 307, indicator plate; 308, second limiting column; 4, elliptical guide block; 401, first sliding groove; 402, second sliding groove; 403, center axis guide pin hole; 404, hollow nail guide pin hole; 405, red rectangular area; 406, green sector area; 407, yellow sector area; 5, center axis guide pin; 501, fixed rotation guide pin.

[0035] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following describes in detail an adjustable hollow nail placement guide for femoral neck fractures provided by the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is also noted that, for the sake of completeness, the following embodiments are optimal and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may employ alternative implementations for known techniques. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are intended only to provide a more detailed description of the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that references in the specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "exemplary embodiments," "some embodiments," etc. indicate that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment will include such specific features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, when specific features, structures, or characteristics are described in conjunction with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of persons skilled in the relevant art to implement such features, structures, or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0038] In general, terms can be understood, at least in part, from their use in context. For example, depending at least in part on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending at least in part on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0039] It will be understood that the meanings of “on,” “over,” and “above” in the present invention should be interpreted in the broadest manner, so that “on” means not only “directly on” something but also includes the meaning of being “on” something with intervening features or layers, and “on” or “above” means not only “on” or “above” something but also includes the meaning of being “on” or “above” something with no intervening features or layers.

[0040] Additionally, spatially relative terms such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," and "upper" may be used herein for descriptive convenience to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or features, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. The device may be oriented in other ways, and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be similarly interpreted accordingly.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture, including a guide module 1, the guide module 1 is a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guide module 1 is a fitting surface 103, the plane where the height of the guide module 1 is located is a front viewing surface 101, and the lower bottom surface of the guide module 1 is a top viewing surface 102.

[0043] The guide assembly is used to guide the hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected to the guide module 1; specifically, the guide module 1 is a trapezoidal column made of carbon fiber. Since the guide module 1 made of carbon fiber has the characteristics of light weight, high strength and good X-ray transmittance, it is convenient for doctors to use the guide module 1 and will not hinder the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy. The cross-section of the guide module 1 is a trapezoidal shape with a short upper base that is not parallel to the lower base. The surface of the inclined edge of the trapezoid is the fitting surface 103, and the fitting surface 103 is fitted on the patient's skin. The plane where the height of the trapezoid is located is the front view surface 101, and the plane where the lower base of the trapezoid is located is the top view surface 102.

[0044] The guide assembly provided by the present invention can be used to guide the hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck. The guide module 1 is fixed to the proximal femoral bone of the patient through the cooperation between the guide components, and then the placement of the three hollow nails is completed based on the preoperative personalized evaluation. Such a setting can not only combine the preoperative personalized evaluation and the technical requirements of maximum dispersion and cortical support of the three hollow nails in the ellipse, but also better prompt and complete the ideal spatial configuration (oblique triangle configuration) of the three hollow nails in the femoral neck, and can also make the device firmly fixed during the operation, and can stably and accurately place the hollow nail guide needle, effectively shortening the operation time, reducing the radiation exposure of the patient and doctor during the operation, and at the same time effectively avoiding the penetration rate of the posterior and superior hollow nails.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the guide assembly includes two groups of fixed pinholes 105 respectively opened on the top viewing surface 102 and the front viewing surface 101. The diameter of the fixed pinholes 105 is 2 mm. There are six fixed pinholes 105 in the two groups, three fixed pinholes 105 in a group, divided into two groups, each group of fixed pinholes 105 is distributed in a linear array, and the hole spacing is 15 mm. The angle between the guide direction of the fixed pinhole 105 opened on the front viewing surface 101 and the front viewing surface 101 is 70°, and the angle between the guide direction of the fixed pinhole 105 opened on the top viewing surface 102 and the top viewing surface 102 is 10°.

[0046] Specifically, the guide assembly includes two groups of fixed pinholes 105, which are respectively opened on the upper viewing surface 102 and the front viewing surface 101. There are six fixed pinholes 105 with a diameter of 2 mm, divided into two groups. Each group of fixed pinholes 105 is distributed in a linear array, and the spacing between each group of fixed pinholes 105 is 15 mm. Such a setting can not only adapt to the diameter of the clinical standard fixed pin 104, but also adjust the hole position for insertion of the fixed pin 104 according to the thickness of the femoral shaft of different patients. The included angle between the guide direction of the fixing pin hole 105 provided on the front viewing surface 101 and the front viewing surface 101 is 70°, while the included angle between the guide direction of the fixing pin hole 105 provided on the upper viewing surface 102 and the upper viewing surface 102 is 10°. The three fixing pins 104 can be respectively inserted into the two groups of fixing pin holes 105 to form an angle toward the femoral shaft. The movement of the guide module 1 can be constrained by the three-point fixation method, and the guide module 1 can be fixed to the proximal femoral bone of the patient.

[0047] The guide assembly includes a rotating hole 106 opened on the front view surface 101, the rotating hole 106 is circular and has a diameter of 50 mm, a rotating groove 202 is opened on the inner wall of the rotating hole 106, a rotating circular plate 3 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 202, two limiting holes 302 are symmetrically opened on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate 3, and two first limiting columns 301 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate 3. There are several fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107, and a fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is provided at every 5° interval. The fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 are distributed in a circular arc array, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 and the front viewing surface 101 is 90°, and the angle between the guiding direction and the fitting surface 103 is 130°. The diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is 2.6 mm, and an angle scale 108 is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface 101 near the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107.

[0048] Specifically, the guide assembly includes a rotating hole 106 that is opened at the center position of the front viewing surface 101. The rotating hole 106 is a circular groove body with a diameter of 50 mm. The rotating hole 106 opened on the front viewing surface 101 passes through the fitting surface 103, and the direction of penetration is perpendicular to the front viewing surface 101. The rotating groove 202 is opened on the inner wall of the rotating hole 106 close to the front viewing surface 101. The rotating groove 202 is an annular groove body with a rectangular cross-section. The rotating circular plate 3 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 202. The rotating circular plate 3 is a circular hollow plastic plate, and its overall contour is adapted to the contour of the rotating groove 202, so that the rotating circular plate 3 can rotate on the inner wall of the rotating groove 202, and the two limiting plates are connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 202. The positioning holes 302 are symmetrically opened on the top outer wall of the rotating circular plate 3. The positioning holes 302 are circular grooves with a diameter of 2.6 mm. One end of the two first limiting columns 301 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the inner ring outer wall of the rotating circular plate 3. The first limiting column 301 is a rectangular parallelepiped with an arc at one end. Several fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 are opened on the outer wall of the front viewing surface 101 close to the upper viewing surface 102. A fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is provided at every 5° interval. Several fixed-rotation guide pin holes 107 are distributed in a circular arc array, and the diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is a circular groove with a diameter of 2.6 mm. The guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 is perpendicular to the front viewing surface 101, and the angle between the two is 90°.

[0049] At the same time, the angle formed between the guiding direction and the fitting surface 103 is 130°, and the angle scale 108 is set on the outer wall of the front viewing surface 101 close to the rotating hole 106. The position of every 5° on the angle scale 108 corresponds to the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107. The contour of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 set in this way is adapted to the contour of the limiting hole 302 mentioned above. The fixed-rotation guide pin 501 can be inserted into the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107 at different positions according to the different angles of the angle scale 108. After the fixed-rotation guide pin 501 passes through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3, it is inserted into the guide femoral shaft, which can limit the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate 3.

[0050] The two first limiting columns 301 are slidingly connected to the same elliptical guide block 4, and a first sliding groove 401 and a second sliding groove 402 are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4, wherein the length of the first sliding groove 401 is longer than the second sliding groove 402, and the major semi-axis of the ellipse, the minor semi-axis of the ellipse and the eccentricity of the ellipse set on the elliptical guide block 4 are: 17mm, 13.5mm and 0.6 respectively, wherein the elliptical guide block 4 is an elliptical cylinder with an inclined surface at one end, and a central axis guide pin hole 403 is provided at the center position of the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4, the angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole 403 and the front viewing surface 101 is 90°, and the angle between the guiding direction and the fitting surface 103 is 130°, and the diameter of the central axis guide pin hole 403 is 2.6mm.

[0051] Specifically, the outer walls of the two first limiting posts 301 are slidably connected to the outer wall of the same elliptical guide block 4. The elliptical guide block 4 is a carbon fiber elliptical cylinder with an inclined surface at one end. Regarding the design parameters of the elliptical guide block 4, the semi-major axis length of the ellipse is set to 17 mm, the semi-minor axis length is determined to be 13.5 mm, and the corresponding elliptical eccentricity is set to 0.6. This setting is based on clinical data obtained from anatomical measurements of the femoral neck isthmus cross-section. When the rotating circular plate 3 mentioned above rotates, the first limiting posts 301 drive the elliptical guide block 4 to rotate. The angle of rotation of the rotating circular plate 3 is based on preoperative measurements and personalized assessments of the torsion angle of the femoral neck isthmus cross-section. Based on previous data obtained from anatomical measurements of the femoral neck isthmus cross-section, the femoral neck torsion angle is typically 20°-30°. Therefore, the torsion angle of the elliptical guide block 4 driven by the rotating circular plate 3 is 20°-30°. A first sliding groove 401 and a second sliding groove 402 are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4 near one end with the inclined surface, wherein the first sliding groove 401 is longer than the second sliding groove 402, and the first sliding groove 401 and the second sliding groove 402 are both semicircular groove bodies, whose contours are adapted to the contours of the first limiting column 301 mentioned above, and a central axis guide pin hole 403 with a diameter of 2.6 mm is provided at the center position of the outer wall of the elliptical guide block 4. From a geometric point of view, a 90° angle is formed between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole 403 and the frontal viewing surface 101. At the same time, the angle formed between the guiding direction and the fitting surface 103 is 130°, wherein 130° is the average value of the femoral neck-shaft angle in clinical practice, an anatomical angle of the femoral neck-shaft angle. Such a setting can facilitate the accurate insertion of the central axis guide pin 5 inserted into the central axis guide pin hole 403 into the center position of the femoral head.

[0052] Three groups of hollow nail guide needles distributed in a fan shape are provided on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4. The diameter of the hollow nail guide needle hole 404 is 2.6 mm, and the hole spacing is 0.1 mm. The angle between the guiding direction of the hollow nail guide needle hole 404 and the front view surface 101 is 90°, and the angle between the hollow nail guide needle hole 404 and the fitting surface 103 is 130°. Each group of hollow nail guide needle holes 404 distributed in a fan shape is divided into three areas, namely a red rectangular area 405, a green fan-shaped area 406 and a yellow fan-shaped area 407. When targeting the left femur, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted into the green fan-shaped area 406. Conversely, when targeting the right femoral neck, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted into the yellow fan-shaped area 407. The layout of the insertion areas of the hollow nail guide needles on the left and right femurs is based on the previous anatomical measurement results of the cross-section of the femoral neck isthmus. Specifically, three groups of hollow nail guide needle holes 404 distributed in a fan shape are opened on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block 4. The hollow nail guide needle holes 404 are circular grooves with a diameter of 2.6 mm, and the hollow nail guide needles pass through one end of the elliptical guide block 4 to the other end. From a geometric point of view, a 90° angle is formed between the guiding direction of the central axis guide needle hole 403 and the frontal viewing surface 101, and the angle formed between the guiding direction and the fitting surface 103 is 130°, where 130° is the average value of the femoral neck-shaft angle in clinical practice.

[0053] At the same time, each group of hollow nail guide pin holes 404 is carefully divided into three different areas according to specific planning and differentiation criteria, namely, a red rectangular area 405, a green fan-shaped area 406, and a yellow fan-shaped area 407. In actual clinical application, for the patient's left femur, the doctor needs to insert the three hollow nail guide pins into the appropriate hole positions in the green fan-shaped area 406 based on the personalized assessment of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck isthmus before surgery. Correspondingly, when facing the right femoral neck, the three hollow nail guide pins should be inserted into the appropriate positions in the yellow fan-shaped area 407. At this time, the three hollow nail guide pins are distributed in an oblique triangle. The above structural setting can not only effectively combine the personalized assessment of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral neck isthmus before surgery to complete the nail placement and guidance operation of the ideal spatial configuration of the three hollow nails, but also reduce the irritation rate of the hollow nails to the femoral neck cortex, reduce the possibility of adverse effects on the cortical bone, and reduce the possibility of iatrogenic perforation, helping doctors and other professionals to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this fixation method.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a first avoidance groove 2 is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface 101, a plurality of limit grooves 201 are provided on the inner wall of the first avoidance groove 2, a first connecting plate 303 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate 3, a second connecting plate 304 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the first connecting plate 303 near the top, a C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting plate 304, an L-shaped fixed plate 306 is fixedly connected to one end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305, and a second limit column 308 and an indicator plate 307 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixed plate 306.

[0056] Specifically, the first avoidance groove 2 is provided on the outer wall of the front view surface 101 near the angle scale 108, the first avoidance groove 2 is a fan-shaped groove body, and the first avoidance groove 2 is connected to the rotating groove 202 mentioned above, and a plurality of limit grooves 201 are provided on the inner wall of one side of the first avoidance groove 2 near the angle scale 108, and are distributed in an arc array. The limit groove 201 is a semicircular groove body, and one end of the first connecting plate 303 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate 3, and the first connecting plate 303 is a plastic straight plate One end of the second connecting plate 304 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the first connecting plate 303 away from the rotating circular plate 3. The second connecting plate 304 is a plastic straight plate. One end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to the other end of the second connecting plate 304. The C-shaped elastic plate 305 is a C-shaped plastic plate. When the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is subjected to force, it will deform along its bending direction. The other end of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 is fixedly connected to an L-shaped fixing plate 306, which is an L-shaped plastic plate.

[0057] The top outer wall of the shorter end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is fitted on the top inner wall of the avoidance groove 2, and one end of the second limiting post 308 and one end of the indicator plate 307 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 close to the limiting groove 201, and the indicator plate 307 is located at the top of the second limiting post 308. The fit between the indicator plate 307 and the shorter end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is adapted to the outer wall contour of the side of the avoidance groove 2 where the limiting groove 201 is provided, wherein the indicator plate 307 is an arrow-shaped plastic plate, and the second limiting post 308 It is a semi-cylinder made of plastic, and the contour of the second limiting column 308 is adapted to the contour of the limiting groove 201. When the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is pressed and the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is close to the outer wall of one side of the limiting groove 201, the L-shaped fixing plate 306 will move in the direction of pressing. At this time, the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will be deformed along the direction of its bending under the force, and the second limiting column 308 and the indicator plate 307 will move along with the displacement of the L-shaped elastic plate. The outer wall of the second limiting plate no longer abuts against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, and the limit of the rotating circular plate 3 can be released.

[0058] The L-shaped fixing plate 306 can be pushed toward the two ends of the avoidance groove 2 according to the doctor's needs until the arrow on the indicator plate 307 points to the angle required by the doctor on the angle scale 108. At this time, the finger pressing the L-shaped fixing plate 306 can be released, and the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will no longer be subjected to force and will recover its own elastic deformation. The L-shaped fixing plate 306 will be driven by the C-shaped elastic plate 305 to move toward the direction of the limiting groove 201 during the process of recovering its deformation. At this time, the second limiting column 308 and the indicator plate 307 will follow The L-shaped fixing plate 306 is displaced toward the limiting groove 201 until the outer wall of the second limiting column 308 fits against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, so that the rotating circular plate 3 can be limited. The above structural setting no longer requires the fixed-rotation guide pin 501 to be inserted into the fixed-rotation guide pin hole 107, and then penetrate into the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3 and then penetrate into the femoral shaft. It can not only reduce the damage to the patient's femur, but also can adjust the deflection angle of the elliptical guide block 4 by pressing the L-shaped fixing plate 306 to rotate the circular plate 3.

[0059] The workflow of the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0060] During use, the femoral neck center axis guide pin 5 is placed manually under the guidance of C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy, and then the elliptical guide block 4 is installed on the guide module 1. Then, the center axis guide pin hole 403 on the elliptical guide block 4 is aligned with the center axis guide pin, and inserted into the outer wall of the center axis guide pin 5. Subsequently, based on the preoperative evaluation, three fixing pins 104 are inserted into the two groups of fixing pin holes 105 opened in the upper viewing plane 102 and the front viewing plane 101, and the guide module 1 is fixed to the patient's proximal femoral bone. Subsequently, the torsion angle of the elliptical guide block 4 can be adjusted, and there are two ways to limit the elliptical guide block 4: the first is to rotate the circular plate 3 to drive the elliptical guide block 4 to the specified angle according to the intraoperative proximal femoral longitudinal axis and the torsion angle of the femoral neck isthmus cross section evaluated before the operation. During the rotation of the elliptical guide block 4, it will drive the rotating circular plate 3 to rotate to the specified angle, and then the fixed rotation guide pin 501 will be inserted into the fixed rotation guide pin hole 107 at the specified angle. The fixed rotation guide pin 501 passes through the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3 and then penetrates into the femoral shaft, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the rotating circular plate 3.

[0061] The second type is that when the longer end of the L-shaped fixing plate 306 is pressed close to the outer wall of one side of the limiting groove 201, the L-shaped fixing plate 306 will move in the direction of pressing. At this time, the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will be deformed along the direction of its bending under the force, and the second limiting column 308 and the indicator plate 307 will move along with the displacement of the L-shaped fixing plate 306. The outer wall of the second limiting plate no longer abuts against the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, thereby releasing the limit of the rotating circular plate 3. The doctor can push the L-shaped fixing plate 306 toward the two ends of the avoidance groove 2 as needed until the arrow on the indicator plate 307 points to the angle required by the doctor on the angle scale 108. At this time, the doctor releases the finger pressing the L-shaped fixing plate 306, and the C-shaped elastic plate 305 will no longer be subjected to force and will recover its deformation under the action of its own elasticity. The L-shaped fixing plate 306 will be driven by the C-shaped elastic plate 305 to move in the direction of the limiting groove 201 during the process of the C-shaped elastic plate 305 recovering its deformation. At this time, the second limiting post 308 and the indicator plate 307 will follow the L-shaped fixing plate 306 to move in the direction of the limiting groove 201 until the outer wall of the second limiting post 308 fits on the inner wall of the limiting groove 201, and the rotating circular plate 3 can also be limited. In this way, it is no longer necessary to insert the fixed rotation guide needle 501 into the fixed rotation guide needle hole 107, and then penetrate the limiting hole 302 on the rotating circular plate 3 to pierce the femoral shaft, thereby reducing damage to the patient's femur.

[0062] Subsequently, adhering to the technical requirements of maximum distraction and cortical support, under anteroposterior and lateral fluoroscopic monitoring, and in combination with the preoperatively measured cross-sectional morphology of the left and right femoral neck isthmuses, when surgery is performed on the patient's left femoral neck, three hollow nail guide pins are inserted into the appropriate hollow nail guide pin holes 404 in the three green fan-shaped areas 406; conversely, when surgery is performed on the patient's right femoral neck, three hollow nail guide pins are inserted into the appropriate hollow nail guide pin holes 404 in the three yellow fan-shaped areas 407. At this point, the three hollow nail guide pins form an ideal spatial configuration within the femoral neck. The guide module 1 and elliptical guide block 4 can then be removed, and finally, three hollow nails of appropriate length are selected and screwed into the femoral neck along the outer walls of the three hollow nail guide pins to secure them.

[0063] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. While specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0064] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture, characterized in that: The guide module comprises a trapezoidal column, the inclined surface of the guide module is a fitting surface, the plane where the height of the guide module is located is a front view surface, and the lower bottom surface of the guide module is a top view surface; A guide assembly is used to guide the hollow nail guide needle inserted into the femoral neck, and the guide assembly is connected to the guide module.

2. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly includes two groups of fixed pinholes respectively opened on the upper viewing surface and the front viewing surface, the diameter of the fixed pinholes is 2 mm, and a rotating hole opened on the front viewing surface, the rotating hole is circular and has a diameter of 50 mm.

3. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are a total of six fixed pinholes in the two groups, three fixed pinholes in a group, divided into two groups, each group of fixed pinholes is distributed in a linear array, and the hole spacing is 15 mm, the guide direction of the fixed pinholes opened on the front viewing surface and the angle between the front viewing surface is 70°, and the guide direction of the fixed pinholes opened on the top viewing surface and the angle between the top viewing surface is 10°.

4. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotating groove is provided on the inner wall of the rotating hole, a rotating circular plate is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove, two first limiting columns are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outer wall of the inner ring of the rotating circular plate, a first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer ring of the rotating circular plate, and two limiting holes are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the top of the rotating circular plate.

5. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the first connecting plate near the top, one end of the second connecting plate is fixedly connected to a C-shaped elastic plate, one end of the C-shaped elastic plate is fixedly connected to an L-shaped fixing plate, and a second limiting column and an indicator plate are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped fixing plate.

6. The novel adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first avoidance groove is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface, and a plurality of limit grooves are provided on the inner wall of the first avoidance groove. A plurality of fixed-rotation guide pin holes are provided on the front viewing surface, and a fixed-rotation guide pin hole is provided at every 5° interval. The fixed-rotation guide pin holes are distributed in a circular arc array, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the guiding direction of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole and the fitting surface is 130°. The diameter of the fixed-rotation guide pin hole is 2.6 mm, and an angle scale is provided on the outer wall of the front viewing surface near the fixed-rotation guide pin hole.

7. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The two first limiting columns are slidably connected to the same elliptical guide block, and a first sliding groove and a second sliding groove are symmetrically opened on the outer wall of the elliptical guide block, wherein the length of the first sliding groove is longer than that of the second sliding groove.

8. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The major semi-axis of the ellipse, the minor semi-axis of the ellipse and the eccentricity of the ellipse set on the elliptical guide block are 17 mm, 13.5 mm and 0.6 respectively, wherein the elliptical guide block is an elliptical cylinder with an inclined surface at one end, and a central axis guide pin hole is provided at the center position of the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block. The angle between the guiding direction of the central axis guide pin hole and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the guide direction and the fitting surface is 130°. The diameter of the central axis guide pin hole is 2.6 mm.

9. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 6, characterized in that: Three groups of hollow nail guide pin holes distributed in a fan shape are provided on the outer wall of one end of the elliptical guide block. The diameter of the hollow nail guide pin holes is 2.6 mm, and the hole spacing is 0.1 mm. The angle between the guiding direction of the hollow nail guide pin holes and the front viewing surface is 90°, and the angle between the hollow nail guide pin holes and the fitting surface is 130°.

10. The adjustable hollow nail guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each group of several hollow nail guide needle holes distributed in a fan shape is divided into three areas, namely a red rectangular area, a green fan-shaped area and a yellow fan-shaped area. When targeting the left femur, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted in the green fan-shaped area, while when targeting the right femoral neck, the hollow nail guide needle is inserted in the yellow area.

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