Sandstone type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a sandstone type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method, and the device comprises a plurality of artificial seismic sources and a plurality of detectors which are disposed on the ground surface of a detected region. The detector comprises at least three detection units. Each detection unit comprises a support, a fixing piece, a detection piece and a guide rail. The fixing piece is connected with the support, the guide rail is connected with the support, the detection piece is movably connected with the guide rail, the fixing piece is parallel to the detection piece, and the orthographic projection of the fixing piece and the orthographic projection of the detection piece are overlapped in the thickness direction of the detection piece. The earth surface grid is used for separating the earth surface of the measured area along the first reference direction and the second reference direction; the surface grid comprises a plurality of grid nodes; the artificial seismic sources are arranged on the grid nodes in an array mode in the first reference direction and the second reference direction, and a plurality of grid nodes are arranged between every two adjacent artificial seismic sources; and the detectors are arranged at the other grid nodes. The accuracy of the exploration result can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of seismic exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits, uranium exploration methods based on seismic data are gaining increasing attention. As a geophysical exploration method with high precision and high resolution, seismic exploration is widely used in fields such as oil, natural gas, and uranium, achieving numerous beneficial exploration results. However, due to limitations in detection equipment and noise interference during seismic monitoring, the accuracy of current seismic monitoring still cannot meet the requirements of sandstone-type uranium exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above analysis, the present application aims to provide a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method, which can improve the accuracy of sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration.

[0004] The purpose of this application is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device, comprising: a plurality of artificial seismic sources, arranged on the surface of the measured area; a plurality of detectors, arranged on the surface of the measured area; the detectors comprising at least three detection units, the detection units comprising a bracket, a fixed plate, a detection plate and a guide rail; the fixed plate is connected to the bracket, the guide rail is connected to the bracket, the detection plate is movably connected to the guide rail, the fixed plate is parallel to the detection plate, and along the thickness direction of the detection plate, the orthographic projection of the fixed plate and the orthographic projection of the detection plate overlap; the guide rails of at least three detection units extend along a first relative direction, a second relative direction and a third relative direction, respectively, and the first relative direction, the second relative direction and the third relative direction are perpendicular to each other; a surface grid, used to separate the surface of the measured area along a first reference direction and a second reference direction, the first reference direction and the second reference direction being perpendicular; the surface grid comprising a plurality of grid nodes; the artificial seismic sources are arrayed at the grid nodes along the first reference direction and the second reference direction, and a plurality of grid nodes are provided between two adjacent artificial seismic sources; the detectors are arranged at the remaining grid nodes.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the detector also includes a detection circuit, the detection circuit includes a first signal line, a second signal line and a capacitance detection circuit, the first signal line is electrically connected to the fixed plate, the second signal line is electrically connected to the detection plate, and the first signal line and the second signal line are both connected to the capacitance detection circuit.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the fixing plate and the detection plate are both perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail; along the thickness direction of the detection plate, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate covers the orthographic projection of the detection plate.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, at least two guide rails are provided, which are respectively located at the two ends of the detection piece; at least two reset members are provided between the guide rails and the detection piece, and the two sides of the detection piece are respectively connected to the guide rails through the reset members.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, the first relative direction and the first reference direction are parallel to the same vertical plane, and the second relative direction and the second reference direction are parallel to the same vertical plane.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, multiple grid nodes are provided between the artificial seismic source and the edge of the surface grid; the number of grid nodes located between the artificial seismic source and the edge of the surface grid is the same as the number of grid nodes located between two adjacent artificial seismic sources.

[0011] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method, using the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device of the aforementioned embodiment of the present application, the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method includes: starting an artificial seismic source located at a grid node in the i-th row and the j-th column, and obtaining actual detection data of all detectors; the grid node has A rows and B columns, where 1≤i≤A, 1≤j≤B; obtaining corrected data based on the actual detection data of the detectors located at the i-th row grid node and the j-th row grid node; correcting the actual detection data of all detectors based on the corrected data to obtain corrected detection data of all detectors; obtaining underground rock formation distribution information corresponding to the artificial seismic source located at the grid node in the i-th row and the j-th column based on the corrected detection data; superimposing the underground rock formation distribution information corresponding to all artificial seismic sources to obtain a three-dimensional exploration image of the surveyed area.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, the step of obtaining corrected data includes: performing wavelet decomposition on the actual detection data of the detectors located at the grid nodes located at the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column, and the i+nth row and j+nth column to obtain decomposed data; wherein, 1≤n≤i, 1≤n≤j; reconstructing the decomposed data to obtain denoised data; obtaining, based on the denoised data, an attenuation value at a distance of n grid nodes from the artificial seismic source; obtaining an attenuation curve based on the attenuation value at a distance of n grid nodes from the artificial seismic source; and obtaining corrected data for each detector based on the number of grid nodes between the artificial seismic source and each detector, and the attenuation curve.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, the step of obtaining underground rock formation distribution information corresponding to the artificial seismic source located at the grid node located at the i-th row and the j-th column includes: obtaining underground rock formation distribution information between the detector and the artificial seismic source based on the correction data of the detector located at the grid node located at the p-th row and the q-th column; wherein, 1≤p≤A, 1≤q≤B; and obtaining underground rock formation distribution information of each position corresponding to the artificial seismic source located at the grid node located at the i-th row and the j-th column based on the underground rock formation distribution information of all detectors.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, the step of obtaining a three-dimensional exploration image of the surveyed area includes: at the grid node in the x-th row and y-th column, performing weighted superposition on the underground rock stratum distribution information corresponding to the grid node of different artificial seismic sources according to the square of the distance between the grid node and the grid node corresponding to the artificial seismic source, to obtain weighted underground rock stratum information at the grid node in the x-th row and y-th column; wherein 1≤x≤A, 1≤y≤B; and generating a three-dimensional exploration image of the surveyed area by combining the weighted underground rock stratum information at all grid nodes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] In the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method of the embodiment of the present application, an artificial source is used to generate seismic waves, and a detector is used to detect the P-wave reflection wave (PP wave), SV reflection wave (P-SV wave) and SH reflection wave (P-SH wave) corresponding to the P wave in the seismic wave, and the underground rock distribution information in the measured area is reflected according to the PP wave, P-SV wave and P-SH wave. A surface grid is set on the surface of the measured area, and an artificial source and a detector are set at the grid nodes. Multiple artificial sources can be regarded as an array arrangement, and multiple grid nodes can be reserved between two adjacent artificial sources and detectors can be set. When a certain artificial source excites seismic waves, the detection waves of each grid node can detect actual detection data. The book detection data of the detector at the orthogonal symmetrical position of the artificial source can be used to obtain correction data, and then the actual detection data can be corrected by the correction data to obtain corrected detection data to reduce the influence of noise on the detection result; according to the corrected detection data, the underground rock distribution information at each position in the measured area corresponding to the artificial source is obtained. For a certain location within the surveyed area, the underground rock stratum distribution information of different artificial seismic sources at that location is weighted and superimposed to obtain weighted underground rock stratum information at that location, so that the weighted underground rock stratum information can more realistically reflect the actual rock stratum information at that location; by combining the weighted underground rock stratum information of each location, a three-dimensional exploration image of the surveyed area can be obtained. By reducing the impact of noise on the detection data of seismic waves, and combining the weighted superposition of underground rock stratum distribution information at the same location obtained by artificial seismic sources at different locations, the accuracy of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method of the embodiment of the present application can be improved, so that the three-dimensional exploration image obtained by the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method of the embodiment of the present application can more accurately reflect the underground rock stratum distribution map of the surveyed area, thereby accurately identifying the target ore layer of the sandstone-type uranium mine, and can serve as a reliable means of sandstone-type uranium mine exploration.

[0017] In this application, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Other features and advantages of this application will be described in the subsequent description, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be understood by practicing this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application can be achieved and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of seismic wave transmission of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of artificial seismic sources and detectors of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a detector of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a detector unit of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a connection diagram of a detection circuit of a geophone in a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of a sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of step S2 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 8 1 is a flow chart of step S4 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 9 1 is a flow chart of step S5 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Artificial earthquake source;

[0030] 2. Detector; 21. Detection unit; 211. Bracket; 212. Fixing plate; 213. Detection plate; 214. Guide rail; 215. Reset member; 22. Detection circuit; 221. First signal line; 222. Second signal line; 223. Capacitance detection circuit;

[0031] 3. Surface grid;

[0032] 4. Sandstone-type uranium deposits;

[0033] A1, first reference direction; A2, second reference direction; B1, first relative direction; B2, second relative direction; B3, third relative direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present application and are used together with the embodiments of the present application to illustrate the principles of the present application, and are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the term "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0036] The terms "top," "bottom," "above," "below," and "on" used throughout the description refer to relative positions of components of a device, such as the relative positions of top and bottom substrates within a device. It will be understood that devices are multifunctional regardless of their orientation in space.

[0037] The applicant discovered that when conducting seismic exploration of sandstone-type uranium deposits, due to the different propagation speeds of seismic waves in sandstone-type uranium strata and other rock formations, seismic waves will be reflected and transmitted on the surface of the sandstone-type uranium strata. The different strikes of the sandstone-type uranium strata (including parameters such as pitch angle and rock formation depth) will affect the reflection of seismic waves. Therefore, by detecting reflected waves (such as PP waves, P-SV waves, and P-SH waves), the strike of the sandstone-type uranium strata can be inferred, thereby realizing the process of seismic exploration. When generating seismic waves, other noise and clutter will also affect the detection results of the reflected waves. When processing data, static correction, spherical diffusion compensation, deconvolution and other data processing processes are required. However, the processed data obtained still has certain errors, thereby affecting the accuracy of seismic exploration of sandstone-type uranium deposits and making it difficult to accurately identify the target ore layer of the sandstone-type uranium strata.

[0038] In view of the above analysis, the applicant has proposed a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device includes an artificial seismic source, a detector and a surface grid. The artificial seismic source is used to generate seismic waves, and the detector is used to detect the P-wave reflection wave (PP wave), SV reflection wave (P-SV wave) and SH reflection wave (P-SH wave) corresponding to the P wave in the seismic wave, and reflect the underground rock layer distribution information in the measured area according to the PP wave, P-SV wave and P-SH wave. A surface grid is set on the surface of the measured area, and artificial seismic sources and detectors are set at the grid nodes. Multiple artificial seismic sources can be regarded as an array arrangement, and multiple grid nodes can be reserved between two adjacent artificial seismic sources and detectors can be set. When an artificial source excites seismic waves, the detection waves of each grid node can detect actual detection data. Based on the book detection data of the detectors at the orthogonal and symmetrical positions of the artificial source, correction data can be obtained. The actual detection data can then be corrected by the correction data to obtain corrected detection data to reduce the impact of noise on the detection results. Based on the corrected detection data, the underground rock layer distribution information of each position in the measured area corresponding to the artificial source is obtained. For a certain position in the measured area, the underground rock layer distribution information of different artificial sources at that position is weighted and superimposed to obtain the weighted underground rock layer information at that position, so that the weighted underground rock layer information can more realistically reflect the actual rock layer information at that position. By combining the weighted underground rock layer information of each position, a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area can be obtained. By reducing the impact of noise on the detection data of seismic waves, and combining the weighted superposition of underground rock layer distribution information at the same location obtained by artificial seismic sources at different locations, the accuracy of the seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium mines in the embodiment of the present application can be improved, so that the three-dimensional exploration image obtained by the seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium mines in the embodiment of the present application can more accurately reflect the underground rock layer distribution map of the measured area, thereby accurately identifying the target ore layer of sandstone-type uranium mines, and can serve as a reliable means of sandstone-type uranium mine exploration.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of seismic wave transmission of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of artificial seismic sources and detectors of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a detector of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a detector unit of a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] See also Figures 1 to 4The embodiment of the present application provides a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device, comprising: a plurality of artificial seismic sources 1, arranged on the surface of the measured area; a plurality of geophones 2, arranged on the surface of the measured area; the geophones 2 include at least three geophone units 21, the geophone units 21 include a bracket 211, a fixing plate 212, a detection plate 213 and a guide rail 214; the fixing plate 212 is connected to the bracket 211, the guide rail 214 is connected to the bracket 211, the detection plate 213 is movably connected to the guide rail 214, the fixing plate 212 is parallel to the detection plate 213, and along the thickness direction of the detection plate 213, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate 212 and the orthographic projection of the detection plate 213 overlap; The guide rails 214 of at least three detection units 21 extend along the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2 and the third relative direction B3, respectively, and the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2 and the third relative direction B3 are perpendicular to each other; the surface grid 3 is used to separate the surface of the measured area along the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2, and the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2 are perpendicular; the surface grid 3 includes multiple grid nodes; the artificial seismic sources 1 are arranged in an array at the grid nodes along the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2, and multiple grid nodes are provided between two adjacent artificial seismic sources 1; the detectors 2 are arranged at the remaining grid nodes.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2 are two horizontal directions perpendicular to each other, and the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2, and the third relative direction B3 are relative directions perpendicular to each other. The relationship between the first reference direction A1 and the first relative direction B1 is not limited.

[0042] The surface grid 3 is a grid set in the measured area, and is set on the surface of the measured area, and the surface of the measured area is divided into a plurality of arrays of rectangular or square grids along the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2. The intersection of the surface grid 3 is a grid node, and the grid node can be used as a position basis for arranging the artificial source 1 and the detector 2, and the position between different grid nodes represents the distance between different grid nodes. Taking into account that there may be height differences on the surface of the measured area, the measured area for seismic exploration usually has little height fluctuation, so when the distance between the grid nodes is small enough, the height difference between the grid nodes can be ignored. It is also possible to clean and level the measured area in advance when laying out the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device of the embodiment of the present application to reduce the impact of height changes on the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration results.

[0043] Artificial seismic sources 1 are located at some grid nodes, generating seismic waves that propagate underground from the locations of the artificial seismic sources 1. The artificial seismic sources 1 and the grid nodes where they are located are also arranged in an array along a first reference direction A1 and a second reference direction A2. Along the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2, the number of grid nodes between two adjacent artificial seismic sources 1 is the same, and the four adjacent artificial seismic sources 1 can be considered to be located at the vertices of a larger rectangular or square grid.

[0044] Geophones 2 are used to detect reflections of seismic waves from artificial seismic source 1 on the surface of sandstone-type uranium deposit 4, including but not limited to PP waves, P-SV waves, and P-SH waves. Geophones 2 are installed at all grid nodes of surface grid 3 except the grid node where artificial seismic source 1 is installed. That is, geophones 2 are installed at the row and column grid nodes where artificial seismic source 1 is located, as well as at the row and column grid nodes where artificial seismic source 1 is not located.

[0045] When an artificial seismic source 1 is excited and generates seismic waves, each geophone 2 located at a grid node can obtain actual detection data corresponding to the artificial seismic source 1. Multiple geophones 2 must exist in the row and column where the artificial seismic source 1 is located, and the number of grid nodes from which these geophones 2 are connected to the artificial seismic source 1 is equal. The actual detection data of these geophones 2 are denoised using methods such as wavelet noise reduction to obtain denoised data for these geophones 2. Based on the denoised data, signal attenuation values corresponding to the distances of these geophones 2 from the artificial seismic source 1 are obtained. Furthermore, signal attenuation values corresponding to various locations at different distances from the artificial seismic source 1 are obtained, and a function of the distance to the artificial seismic source 1 and the signal attenuation value is generated. The signal of each geophone 2 is then corrected based on this function. By enhancing the actual detection data of each geophone 2, the effective information contained in the detection results of each geophone 2 is made more apparent, the resolution of the effective information is increased, and the reliability of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device of the present application embodiment is improved.

[0046] For this artificial seismic source 1, after enhancing the actual detection data of each geophone 2 and obtaining corrected detection data for each geophone 2, the underground distribution information of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4 can be determined based on the peaks of the corrected data. Therefore, it is possible to obtain underground distribution information (including but not limited to the depth to the surface and thickness of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer) of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4 at each location in the detection area under the action of this artificial seismic source 1. Because the corrected detection data of each geophone 2 contains more significant effective information, the underground distribution information of the surface of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4 obtained based on the corrected detection data of each geophone 2 can also more accurately reflect the actual spatial distribution information of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4 underground in the detected area.

[0047] Repeating the above process until each artificial source 1 is excited at least once, the distribution information of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4 at each location in the measured area can be obtained. That is, at each location in the measured area, each artificial source 1 generates distribution information of a corresponding sandstone-type uranium ore layer when it is excited. Weighted superposition is performed on the distribution information of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer corresponding to each artificial source 1 at a certain location in the measured area to obtain weighted information of the underground rock formation. This can reduce the impact of the error introduced by a single artificial source 1 on the weighted information of the underground rock formation, further improve the accuracy of the weighted information of the underground rock formation, and enable the weighted information of the underground rock formation to more accurately reflect the true distribution information of the underground sandstone-type uranium ore layer at that location. Based on the weighted information of the underground rock formation at each location in the measured area, a three-dimensional exploration image can be generated by acoustic measurement, which can more reliably guide subsequent sandstone-type uranium mine drilling construction.

[0048] In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the detector 2 includes at least three detection units 21. The guide rails 214 of the three detection units 21 extend along the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2, and the third relative direction B3, respectively. In one detection unit 21, the fixing plate 212 and the guide rail 214 are both fixedly connected to the bracket 211 to support the fixing plate 212 and the guide rail 214. The detection plate 213 is movably connected to the guide rail 214 along the extension direction of the guide rail 214. In other words, among the three detection units 21, the detection plate 213 of one detection unit 21 can move along the first relative direction B1, the detection plate 213 of another detection unit 21 can move along the second relative direction B2, and the detection plate 213 of the third detection unit 21 can move along the third relative direction B3.

[0049] The fixing plate 212 is parallel to the detection plate 213, and along the thickness direction of the detection plate 213, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate 212 overlaps the orthographic projection of the detection plate 213, so that the fixing plate 212 and the detection plate 213 form two plates of a capacitor. When the reflected wave of the seismic wave is transmitted to the detector 2, the detection plate 213 can move along the extension direction of the guide rail 214, thereby changing the size of the capacitance formed by the fixing plate 212 and the detection plate 213. It is only necessary to set a capacitance detection circuit 22 between the fixing plate 212 and the detection plate 213, so that the change in the capacitance formed by the fixing plate 212 and the detection plate 213 can be detected, thereby inferring the displacement of the detection plate 213 and obtaining the component of the reflected wave of the seismic wave in the extension direction of the guide rail 214. Through the three detection units 21, the components of the reflected wave of the seismic wave in the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2 and the third relative direction B3 can be obtained, and the waveform information of the reflected wave of the seismic wave can be obtained.

[0050] It should be noted that since the relationship between the first relative direction B1, the second relative direction B2 and the third relative direction B3 and the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2 depends on the arrangement of the detector 2, when arranging the detector 2, the first relative direction B1 can be parallel to the first reference direction A1, then the second relative direction B2 is parallel to the second reference direction A2, and the third relative direction B3 is perpendicular to the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2, that is, the third relative direction B3 corresponds to the vertical direction.

[0051] Furthermore, it is understood that the specific structure of the detection circuit 22 is not limited. For example, a voltage can be applied between the detection plate 213 and the fixed plate 212, and the current can be detected. The magnitude of the current is proportional to the rate of change of capacitance between the detection plate 213 and the fixed plate 212. The rate of change of capacitance between the detection plate 213 and the fixed plate 212 is positively correlated with the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of the reflected seismic wave. Therefore, the current in the detection circuit 22 can reflect the time-dependent changes in the frequency and amplitude of the reflected seismic wave, thereby obtaining waveform information of the reflected seismic wave. The relative displacement change between the fixed plate 212 and the detection plate 213 caused by the reflected seismic wave may be small. Therefore, a current amplifier can be provided in the detection circuit 22 to amplify the current signal. Compared to an optical detector, the detector 2 in the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device of the embodiment of the present application can make the current change more obvious, thereby more clearly reflecting the time-dependent changes in the frequency and amplitude of the reflected seismic wave, so that the detection results of the detector 2 can more accurately reflect the reflected seismic wave. It is difficult for optical detectors in related technologies to achieve signal amplification.

[0052] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the detection result of the detector can be made more accurate by adopting the detection capacitance method. The array arrangement of the detector 2 and the artificial seismic source 1 can reduce the interference of noise, and at the same time, the data processing result can more accurately reflect the underground spatial distribution of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer in the measured area, thereby improving the reliability of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device in the embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a connection diagram of a detection circuit of a geophone in a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Further, see Figure 5 , and combined with Figures 1 to 4 The detector 2 also includes a detection circuit 22, which includes a first signal line 221, a second signal line 222 and a capacitance detection circuit 223. The first signal line 221 is electrically connected to the fixing plate 212, the second signal line 222 is electrically connected to the detection plate 213, and both the first signal line 221 and the second signal line 222 are connected to the capacitance detection circuit 223.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present application, the detector 2 detects and outputs the capacitance change between the detection piece 213 and the fixed beat through the detection circuit 22 to reflect the waveform of the reflected wave of the seismic wave detected by the detector 2. The first signal line 221 of the detection circuit 22 is electrically connected to the fixed piece 212, and the second signal line 222 is electrically connected to the detection piece 213. The first signal line 221 and the second signal line 222 are both connected to the capacitance detection circuit 223, so that the fixed piece 212, the first signal line 221, the capacitance detection circuit 223, the second signal line 222, and the detection piece 213 are connected to form a loop. When the reflected wave of the seismic wave is transmitted to the detector 2, the detection piece 213 moves with the reflected wave, thereby causing the capacitance between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 to change. The change in capacitance is detected by the capacitance detection circuit 223 to reflect the movement of the detection piece 213 and thus reflect the waveform of the reflected wave.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, the capacitance detection circuit 223 may include a power supply, an amplifier, and a current detection component. When the reflected wave of the seismic wave is transmitted to the detector 2, the detection piece 213 will move with the reflected wave. Considering that the waveform of the reflected wave of the seismic wave changes in real time, the capacitance between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 also changes in real time. Under the premise that the voltage between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 remains unchanged during the test drive, the current in the detection circuit 22 will also change in real time. The change in current can be detected by the current detection component, thereby inferring the change in capacitance between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212, and then inferring the waveform of the reflected wave of the seismic wave.

[0057] Further, see Figures 1 to 5 , the fixing piece 212 and the detection piece 213 are both perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail 214 ; along the thickness direction of the detection piece 213 , the orthographic projection of the fixing piece 212 covers the orthographic projection of the detection piece 213 .

[0058] In the reference direction corresponding to the detection unit 21, both the fixed plate 212 and the detection plate 213 are perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail 214. When the detection plate 213 moves along the guide rail 214, the area facing each other remains essentially unchanged. Therefore, the capacitance between the detection plate 213 and the fixed plate 212 is determined by the distance between the detection plate 213 and the fixed plate 212. Along the thickness direction of the detection plate 213, the orthographic projection of the fixed plate 212 overlaps the orthographic projection of the detection plate 213. Therefore, the area of the fixed plate 212 is larger than that of the detection plate 213. Considering that the detection plate 213 may undergo slight displacement along the reference direction perpendicular to the detection unit 21, since the area of the fixed plate 212 is larger than that of the detection plate 213, the area facing each other can be considered equal to the area of the detection plate 213.

[0059] For example, under the premise that the area S facing each other between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 is determined, in a certain reference direction, the waveform of the reflected wave of the seismic wave determines the distance D between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212. The capacitance C between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 is C = εS / D, where ε is the dielectric constant. Therefore, the waveform of the reflected wave corresponds to the capacitance C between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212; the capacitance between the fixed piece 212 corresponds to the capacitive reactance X = 1 / (2πfC). Under the premise that the AC power frequency f is determined, the capacitive reactance X between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212 is inversely proportional to the capacitance C. Under the premise that the voltage U is determined, the current I = U / X. Therefore, the current I corresponds to the capacitance C between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212. Then, by detecting the change in I, the waveform change of the reflected wave can be obtained. It is understandable that the capacitance detection circuit 223 can also directly detect the capacitance between the fixed piece 212 and the detection piece 213, and thereby obtain the waveform of the reflected wave.

[0060] Further, see Figures 1 to 5 At least two guide rails 214 are provided, which are respectively located at both ends of the detection piece 213; at least two reset members 215 are provided between the guide rail 214 and the detection piece 213, and both sides of the detection piece 213 are connected to the guide rail 214 through the reset members 215.

[0061] Two guide rails 214 are provided at either end of the detection piece 213, allowing the detection piece 213 to move smoothly along the guide rails and maintaining parallelism between the detection piece 213 and the fixed piece 212, maintaining a parallel plate capacitor configuration. At least two reset members 215 are provided between the guide rails 214 and the detection piece 213, and the two sides of the detection piece 213 are connected to the guide rails 214 via the reset members 215. The reset members 215 can return the detection piece 213 to its initial position, corresponding to the state in which the surface medium (soil and / or rock) in the waveform of the reflected seismic wave is neither compressed nor stretched.

[0062] Further, see Figures 1 to 5 , multiple grid nodes are set between the artificial seismic source 1 and the edge of the surface grid 3; the number of grid nodes located between the artificial seismic source 1 and the edge of the surface grid 3 is the same as the number of grid nodes located between two adjacent artificial seismic sources 1.

[0063] Regardless of which artificial seismic source 1 generates seismic waves, no less than a preset number of geophones 2 can be present on both sides of the artificial seismic source 1 along the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2. Considering that the number of grid nodes (geophones 2) between two adjacent artificial seismic sources 1 is a preset value, four geophones 2 can be present at equal distances from the artificial seismic source 1 along both sides of the first reference direction A1 and the second reference direction A2. The detection results of these four geophones 2 can be used to reduce the impact of noise and vibration on the detection results of the geophones 2, thereby improving the reliability of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device of the embodiment of the present application during the seismic exploration process.

[0064] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of a sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] See also Figure 6 The embodiment of the present application also provides a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method, which uses the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device in the aforementioned embodiment of the present application for the exploration of sandstone-type uranium mines.

[0066] The sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method of the embodiment of the present application includes:

[0067] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 6 , step S1, start a certain artificial seismic source 1 and detect actual detection data.

[0068] For example, activating an artificial seismic source 1 at the grid node in row i and column j is described. All grid nodes have rows A and columns B, where 1 ≤ i ≤ A and 1 ≤ j ≤ B. After activating artificial seismic source 1 at row i and column j, the detection results of all geophones 2 are obtained, meaning that each geophone 2 detects actual detection data.

[0069] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 6 , step S2, correct the actual detection data and obtain corrected data.

[0070] Based on the actual detection data of at least a portion of the detectors 2, noise reduction processing is performed to obtain a correction rule for the influence of noise vibration on the actual detection data, and then the noise-reduced corrected data corresponding to all detectors 2 are obtained to reduce the influence of noise vibration on the corrected data, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection results of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method of the embodiment of the present application.

[0071] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of step S2 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Specifically, see Figure 7 , step S2 includes:

[0073] Step S2.1: Decompose the actual detection data using wavelet to obtain decomposed data.

[0074] Wavelet decomposition is performed on the actual detection data of geophone 2 located at the grid nodes in row in and column jn, row i+n and column jn, row in and column j+n, and row i+n and column j+n. After wavelet decomposition, the eigenvalues and low-frequency components of the actual detection data of a single geophone 2 can be extracted, and noise in the high-frequency components can be filtered out. It can be understood that the geophone 2 subjected to wavelet noise reduction processing is located at a distance of n grid nodes from the artificial seismic source 1 on either side of the first reference direction A1 and on either side of the second reference direction A2.

[0075] Step S2.2: wavelet reconstruction to obtain denoised data.

[0076] For a particular detector 2, after filtering out the high-frequency components, the signal is reconstructed based on the eigenvalues, low-frequency components, and wavelet analysis to obtain the noise-reduced data for that detector 2. The reconstructed signal is equivalent to filtering out the noise that is concentrated in the high-frequency components. It should be noted that the wavelet noise reduction process is a mature technology and will not be detailed here.

[0077] By wavelet denoising, the denoised data of the detector 2 at the grid nodes located at the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column and the i+nth row and j+nth column can be obtained.

[0078] Step S2.3: Obtain the attenuation value.

[0079] Based on the noise reduction data of the detector 2 at the grid nodes located at the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column, and the i+nth row and j+nth column, the attenuation value of the detector 2 at the grid nodes located at the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column, and the i+nth row and j+nth column can be obtained, that is, the difference between the actual detection data of a certain detector 2 and the noise reduction data. Since the detectors 2 located at the grid nodes of the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column, and the i+nth row and j+nth column are four detectors 2 that are n grid nodes away from the artificial seismic source 1, and considering that the size of the noise caused by the artificial seismic source 1 is positively correlated with the distance to the artificial seismic source 1, the attenuation value of the detector 2 that is n grid nodes away from the artificial seismic source 1 can be obtained by averaging.

[0080] Step S2.4: Obtain the theoretical attenuation value of each detector 2.

[0081] Based on the attenuation value of the detector 2 that is n grid nodes away from the artificial seismic source 1, an attenuation curve of the attenuation value and the number of grid nodes to the artificial seismic source 1 (the distance to the artificial seismic source 1) can be obtained. Based on the attenuation curve, the correction data (attenuation value) of each detector 2 can be obtained.

[0082] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 6 , step S3, obtaining corrected detection data according to the corrected data.

[0083] The corrected data for each geophone 2 is superimposed with the actual detection data to obtain the corrected detection data for each geophone 2. It should be emphasized that the corrected detection data for each geophone 2 at this time refers to the corrected detection data for each geophone 2 when the artificial seismic source 1 at the grid node in row i and column j is activated. When different artificial seismic sources 1 are activated, the corrected detection data for each geophone 2 may not necessarily be the same.

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 6 , step S4, obtaining underground rock layer distribution information based on the corrected data.

[0085] For the artificial seismic source 1 located at the grid node in the i-th row and the j-th column, the corrected monitoring data of each detector 2 will contain the reflected wave information of the seismic wave, and the underground rock layer distribution information can be inferred through the reflected wave.

[0086] Figure 8 1 is a flow chart of step S4 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0087] Specifically, see Figure 8 , step S4 includes:

[0088] Step S4.1: For a certain detector 2, obtain underground rock layer distribution information based on the corrected detection data.

[0089] For the detector 2 located at the grid node in the pth row and the qth column, where 1≤p≤A and 1≤q≤B, the underground rock stratum distribution information corresponding to the detector 2 is reversed. The seismic wave emitted by the artificial seismic source 1 located at the grid node in the i-th row and the j-th column will be reflected on the surface of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4. The low-pressure rock stratum distribution information at the seismic wave reflection point can be calculated based on the corrected detection data of the detector 2 located at the grid node in the p-th row and the q-th column. For example, when the rock strata are horizontally distributed, the reflection point is located at the row position corresponding to (i+p) / 2 and the column position corresponding to (j+q) / 2.

[0090] Step S4.2: Obtain underground rock layer distribution information at each location.

[0091] Repeat step S4.1 for the artificial seismic source 1 located at the grid node in row i and column j. Based on the corrected detection data from each geophone 2, the underground rock stratum distribution information at each location can be obtained. It is important to emphasize that this underground rock stratum distribution information at each location corresponds to the artificial seismic source 1 located at the grid node in row i and column j. When different artificial seismic sources 1 are activated, each artificial seismic source 1 will correspond to a set of underground rock stratum distribution information at each location.

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 6 , step S5, superimposing underground rock layer distribution information to obtain a three-dimensional exploration image.

[0093] Repeating steps S1 to S4, sequentially activating each artificial seismic source 1, can obtain underground rock stratum distribution information for each location corresponding to each artificial seismic source 1. At a certain location in the surveyed area, each artificial seismic source 1, when activated, will generate a corresponding underground rock stratum distribution information. By superimposing these underground rock stratum distribution information, weighted underground rock stratum information for that location can be obtained. Based on the weighted underground rock stratum information at each location, a three-dimensional exploration image is generated.

[0094] Figure 9 1 is a flow chart of step S5 of the sandstone-type uranium deposit seismic exploration method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] Specifically, see Figure 9 , step S5 includes:

[0096] Step S5.1: Obtain weighted information of underground rock formations at a certain location.

[0097] At the grid node in the xth row and yth column, where 1≤x≤A, 1≤y≤B, the underground rock layer distribution information at the grid node in the xth row and yth column obtained when each artificial seismic source 1 is activated is weightedly superimposed. Considering that the attenuation of seismic waves underground is positively correlated with the distance to the artificial seismic source 1 (square power function relationship), the greater the distance L between the artificial seismic source 1 and the grid node in the xth row and yth column, the greater the weighting coefficient T in the weighted superposition process. n The smaller the weighting coefficient T is, the smaller the weighting coefficient T is. n The functional relationship between the distance L between the artificial source 1 and the grid node at the xth row and yth column can be T n =6 / (Lπ) 2 By using weighted superposition, the reliability of the weighted information of the underground rock formation at the grid node in the xth row and the yth column can be improved, so that the weighted information of the underground rock formation at this position can more realistically reflect the distribution of the sandstone-type uranium ore layer 4, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method of the embodiment of the present application.

[0098] Step S5.2: Generate a three-dimensional exploration image.

[0099] By repeating step S5.1, weighted information of underground rock formations at various locations can be obtained. Based on the weighted information of underground rock formations at all locations, a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area can be obtained.

[0100] In summary, the embodiments of the present application propose a sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device and method. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device includes an artificial source, a detector and a surface grid. The artificial source is used to generate seismic waves, and the detector is used to detect the P-wave reflection wave (PP wave), SV reflection wave (P-SV wave) and SH reflection wave (P-SH wave) corresponding to the P wave in the seismic wave, and reflects the underground rock distribution information in the measured area according to the PP wave, P-SV wave and P-SH wave. A surface grid is set on the surface of the measured area, and artificial sources and detectors are set at the grid nodes. Multiple artificial sources can be regarded as an array arrangement, and multiple grid nodes can be reserved between two adjacent artificial sources and detectors can be set. When an artificial source excites seismic waves, the detection waves of each grid node can detect actual detection data. Based on the book detection data of the detectors at the orthogonal and symmetrical positions of the artificial source, correction data can be obtained. The actual detection data can then be corrected by the correction data to obtain corrected detection data to reduce the impact of noise on the detection results. Based on the corrected detection data, the underground rock layer distribution information of each position in the measured area corresponding to the artificial source is obtained. For a certain position in the measured area, the underground rock layer distribution information of different artificial sources at that position is weighted and superimposed to obtain the weighted underground rock layer information at that position, so that the weighted underground rock layer information can more realistically reflect the actual rock layer information at that position. By combining the weighted underground rock layer information of each position, a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area can be obtained. By reducing the impact of noise on the detection data of seismic waves, and combining the weighted superposition of underground rock layer distribution information at the same location obtained by artificial seismic sources at different locations, the accuracy of the seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium mines in the embodiment of the present application can be improved, so that the three-dimensional exploration image obtained by the seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium mines in the embodiment of the present application can more accurately reflect the underground rock layer distribution map of the measured area, thereby accurately identifying the target ore layer of sandstone-type uranium mines, and can serve as a reliable means of sandstone-type uranium mine exploration.

[0101] The above is only a preferred specific implementation method of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered by the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device, characterized in that: include: Multiple artificial seismic sources are set on the surface of the measured area; A plurality of geophones are provided on the surface of the measured area; the geophones include at least three geophone units, each of which includes a bracket, a fixing plate, a detection plate, and a guide rail; the fixing plate is connected to the bracket, the guide rail is connected to the bracket, the detection plate is movably connected to the guide rail, the fixing plate is parallel to the detection plate, and along the thickness direction of the detection plate, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate and the orthographic projection of the detection plate overlap; the guide rails of the at least three geophone units extend respectively along a first relative direction, a second relative direction, and a third relative direction, and the first relative direction, the second relative direction, and the third relative direction are perpendicular to each other; a surface grid for separating the surface of the measured area along a first reference direction and a second reference direction, wherein the first reference direction and the second reference direction are perpendicular; the surface grid comprises a plurality of grid nodes; the artificial seismic sources are arrayed at the grid nodes along the first reference direction and the second reference direction, with a plurality of the grid nodes being provided between two adjacent artificial seismic sources; The detectors are arranged at the remaining grid nodes.

2. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector also includes a detection circuit, which includes a first signal line, a second signal line and a capacitance detection circuit. The first signal line is electrically connected to the fixed plate, the second signal line is electrically connected to the detection plate, and the first signal line and the second signal line are both connected to the capacitance detection circuit.

3. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing plate and the detection plate are both perpendicular to the extension direction of the guide rail; along the thickness direction of the detection plate, the orthographic projection of the fixing plate covers the orthographic projection of the detection plate.

4. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are at least two guide rails, one at each end of the detection piece; At least two reset members are provided between the guide rail and the detection piece, and both sides of the detection piece are connected to the guide rail via the reset members respectively.

5. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first relative direction and the first reference direction are parallel to the same vertical plane, and the second relative direction and the second reference direction are parallel to the same vertical plane.

6. The sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of grid nodes are provided between the artificial seismic source and the edge of the surface grid; the number of grid nodes between the artificial seismic source and the edge of the surface grid is the same as the number of grid nodes between two adjacent artificial seismic sources.

7. A method for seismic exploration of sandstone-type uranium deposits, characterized in that: Using the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the sandstone-type uranium mine seismic exploration method comprises: activating the artificial seismic source at the grid node located at the i-th row and the j-th column, and acquiring actual detection data of all the geophones; the grid node has A rows and B columns, where 1≤i≤A, 1≤j≤B; Acquire correction data according to the actual detection data of the detectors located at the grid nodes in the i-th row and the grid nodes in the j-th row; Correcting the actual detection data of all the detectors according to the correction data to obtain corrected detection data of all the detectors; Obtaining underground rock layer distribution information corresponding to the artificial seismic source at the grid node located at the i-th row and the j-th column according to the corrected detection data; The underground rock layer distribution information corresponding to all the artificial seismic sources is superimposed to obtain a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area.

8. The seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium deposits according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of obtaining correction data includes: Perform wavelet decomposition on the actual detection data of the detectors of the grid nodes located at the inth row and jnth column, the i+nth row and jnth column, the inth row and j+nth column, and the i+nth row and j+nth column to obtain decomposed data; wherein 1≤n≤i, 1≤n≤j; reconstructing the decomposed data to obtain noise-reduced data; Obtaining, based on the noise reduction data, an attenuation value at a location n grid nodes away from the artificial seismic source; Obtaining an attenuation curve according to the attenuation value at a grid node n times away from the artificial seismic source; Correction data for each geophone is obtained according to the number of grid nodes between the artificial seismic source and each geophone, and the attenuation curve.

9. The seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium deposits according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of obtaining underground rock layer distribution information corresponding to the artificial seismic source located at the grid node located at the i-th row and the j-th column includes: Obtaining underground rock layer distribution information between the geophone and the artificial seismic source based on the correction data of the geophone at the grid node located in the p-th row and the q-th column; wherein 1≤p≤A, 1≤q≤B; According to the underground rock layer distribution information of all the detectors, the underground rock layer distribution information of each position corresponding to the artificial seismic source located at the grid node in the i-th row and the j-th column is obtained.

10. The seismic exploration method for sandstone-type uranium deposits according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of obtaining a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area includes: At the grid node in the xth row and yth column, performing weighted superposition on the underground rock stratum distribution information corresponding to the grid node of different artificial seismic sources according to the square of the distance between the grid node and the grid node corresponding to the artificial seismic source, to obtain weighted underground rock stratum information at the grid node in the xth row and yth column; wherein 1≤x≤A, 1≤y≤B; The weighted information of the underground rock formations at all the grid nodes is used to generate a three-dimensional exploration image of the measured area.

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