Perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging acceleration test system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a nonlinear aging acceleration test system and method for a perovskite solar cell, and the system comprises a data collection system and a nonlinear comprehensive test system. The data acquisition system is used for acquiring performance data of the perovskite solar cell and sending the performance data to the server, the data acquisition system is connected with the nonlinear comprehensive test system, and the nonlinear comprehensive test system simulates influences of different environments on cell aging and sends detection data to the server. The nonlinear comprehensive test system comprises a composite stress loading unit, an in-situ monitoring unit and an intelligent analysis unit. According to the invention, the problem of inaccurate prediction of the nonlinear aging behavior of the perovskite cell by a traditional test method is solved, the test period is shortened, the nonlinear comprehensive test system is adopted to simulate the light-humidity-heat synergistic effect of an actual outdoor environment, and the accuracy of aging test data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery aging testing, and in particular relates to a system and method for accelerating the nonlinear aging testing of perovskite solar cells. Background Art

[0002] Titanium ore solar cells face the challenge of insufficient stability in practical applications. Perovskite materials are easily affected by factors such as light, oxygen, humidity, and temperature changes in the natural environment, leading to structural damage, performance degradation, and even complete failure. These problems not only shorten the battery's service life but also increase the uncertainty of its long-term outdoor operation. Therefore, aging testing of the battery is very necessary.

[0003] Due to the inherent instability of the material, titanium ore solar cells exhibit nonlinear "brittle fracture" characteristics during aging (such as a cliff-like drop in efficiency or a sudden drop in open-circuit voltage). Traditional crystalline silicon cell testing standards (such as IEC 61215) use constant damp heat (85°C / 85% RH) or continuous light loading, but the following issues still exist in baking testing:

[0004] 1) Linear model failure: The aging rate of crystalline silicon is linearly related to time, while the efficiency of perovskite decays slowly before the critical point, and the data cannot be extrapolated in the case of sudden failure.

[0005] 2) The synergistic effects of light, humidity and heat in the actual outdoor environment are not simulated, resulting in inaccurate aging test data.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a nonlinear aging accelerated testing system and method for perovskite solar cells.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for accelerating the nonlinear aging test of perovskite solar cells, which can solve the above problems.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A nonlinear aging accelerated test system for perovskite solar cells includes a data acquisition system and a nonlinear integrated test system. The data acquisition system is used to obtain performance data of the perovskite solar cell and send the performance data to a server. The data acquisition system is connected to the nonlinear integrated test system, which simulates the effects of different environments on battery aging and sends the detection data to the server. The nonlinear integrated test system includes a composite stress loading unit, an in-situ monitoring unit, and an intelligent analysis unit. The composite stress loading unit includes a programmable pulse light source, a gradient humidity control box, a rapid temperature change platform, a wind speed test component, and a harsh environment simulation unit. The in-situ monitoring unit includes an embedded electrochemical workstation and a micro PL spectrum probe. The intelligent analysis unit has a built-in hybrid prediction model based on LSTM and Weibull distribution.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition system includes a preliminary data acquisition module and an aging acquisition module.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the preliminary data acquisition module collects the rated capacity, rated saturation voltage, standard internal resistance of the perovskite solar cell, and the sample length, sample width and sample height, operating temperature range, standard charging rate, standard discharge rate, and standard number of cycles of the photovoltaic energy storage battery; the aging acquisition module collects the aging charge and discharge voltage of the battery's single cells and various environmental accelerated test data.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the light intensity adjustment range of the programmable pulse light source is 0.12-2.6 sun, and the pulse frequency is 0.11-8 Hz.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the gradient humidity control box realizes humidity gradient control through nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas circulation, with an accuracy of ±2.3% RH.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the wind speed testing component includes a wind fan for testing the aging of the perovskite solar cell at different wind speeds.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the harsh environment simulation unit includes a rain component, a hail component, a sand component and a heavy impact component. The rain component includes a water supply device and a sprinkler. The hail component includes a hail testing machine. The sand component includes a sand storage box and a conveying pipe. The heavy impact component includes a knocking rod and a channel device.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the nonlinear integrated test system further comprises a multi-level test unit, wherein the multi-level test unit corresponds to different test intensities, and the multi-level test unit comprises an induction level, a latent level and a crash level.

[0018] A method for accelerating the nonlinear aging of perovskite solar cells comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Battery data collection: Use the data acquisition system to collect preliminary performance data of the battery to be tested;

[0020] S2. Segmented aging test: Multiple environmental tests are performed using a composite stress loading unit to test battery aging.

[0021] A multi-stage test unit is used to apply light, humidity, heat, rain, snow, wind and sand and other composite stresses in sections for testing. The battery is subjected to different intensities of battery aging tests by applying induction level, latent level and collapse level in sections.

[0022] S3, real-time monitoring: real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angle and PL spectrum peak position shift;

[0023] S4. Intelligent analysis: By integrating LSTM and Weibull models, the critical point failure time is predicted and uploaded to the server for subsequent analysis.

[0024] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the environmental conditions of the induction stage are 83° C. / 85% RH+0.6 sun constant illumination, and the duration is 12-36 hours.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the system and method for accelerating the nonlinear aging test of perovskite solar cells of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0026] 1) The problem of inaccurate prediction of the nonlinear aging behavior of perovskite batteries by traditional testing methods has been solved. The test cycle has been shortened to less than 72 hours, and the prediction error is less than 10%.

[0027] 2) Use a nonlinear integrated test system to simulate the synergistic effects of light, humidity and heat in actual outdoor environments to improve the accuracy of aging test data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a testing method of a nonlinear aging accelerated testing system for perovskite solar cells according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2Detailed diagram of a nonlinear aging accelerated testing system for perovskite solar cells according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the system and method for accelerating the nonlinear aging of perovskite solar cells in one embodiment of the present invention include a data acquisition system and a nonlinear integrated test system. Using multiple test units and real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angles and PL spectrum peak offsets, the critical point failure time is predicted using an LSTM neural network integrated with the Weibull failure model. This solves the problem of traditional testing methods inaccurately predicting the nonlinear aging behavior of perovskite cells, shortening the test cycle to less than 72 hours and achieving a prediction error of less than 10%.

[0033] The data acquisition system is used to obtain performance data of the perovskite solar cell and send the performance data to the server. The data acquisition system is connected to a nonlinear comprehensive test system. The nonlinear comprehensive test system simulates the effects of different environments on battery aging and sends the test data to the server.

[0034] Furthermore, the data acquisition system includes a preliminary data acquisition module and an aging acquisition module. The preliminary data acquisition module is used to collect basic battery data before the battery enters the test system, which is convenient for comparing the battery aging data later.

[0035] The preliminary data acquisition module collects the rated capacity, rated saturation voltage, and standard internal resistance of the perovskite solar cell, as well as the sample length, width, and height, operating temperature range, standard charge rate, standard discharge rate, and standard cycle count of the photovoltaic energy storage battery. The aging acquisition module collects the battery's single cell aging charge and discharge voltage and various environmental accelerated test data.

[0036] Among them, data is collected by sensors attached to the equipment such as temperature, voltage and current, and the data is sent to the server in real time for recording and management.

[0037] The nonlinear comprehensive test system includes a composite stress loading unit, an in-situ monitoring unit and an intelligent analysis unit, which are used to perform aging tests on perovskite solar cells while recording and analyzing data.

[0038] The composite stress loading unit includes a programmable pulse light source, a gradient humidity control box, a rapid temperature change platform, a wind speed test component, and a harsh environment simulation unit. It simulates various environments for the battery and obtains accurate battery aging data.

[0039] Programmable pulse light source, gradient humidity control box, rapid temperature change platform, wind speed test component, and harsh environment simulation unit are all set in the aging test box for aging test.

[0040] The wind speed testing component includes a wind fan, which is used to test the aging of perovskite solar cells under different wind speeds.

[0041] The harsh environment simulation unit includes a rain component, a hail component, a sand component, and a heavy impact component. The rain component includes a water supply device and a nozzle. The water supply device is connected to the nozzle to simulate rain weather inside the test chamber to test the aging of the battery. The hail component includes a hail tester. The hail tester simulates hail in the aging test chamber. The hail impacts the battery surface to test the battery damage under hail. This helps R&D personnel improve the battery protection surface based on the test data and extend the battery life.

[0042] The sand component includes a sand storage box and a conveying pipe, and the heavy impact component includes a knocking rod and a channel device, so as to simulate the impact of wind and sand in the external environment and the impact of the heavy impact component on the battery through the sand component and the heavy impact component, thereby more accurately testing the aging of the battery. At the same time, the heavy impact component can also be used to test the gravity damage of the battery.

[0043] Preferably, the programmable pulse light source has an intensity adjustment range of 0.12-2.6 sun, a pulse frequency of 0.11-8 Hz, and a wavelength of 400-1100 nm. The gradient humidity control box achieves humidity gradient control through the circulation of a nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas, with an accuracy of ±2.3% RH. The gradient humidity control box includes a built-in gas circulation pipeline. A rapid temperature change platform controls temperature, with preferred parameters for a -40°C to 85°C switching time of ≤30 seconds and a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C.

[0044] The in-situ monitoring unit includes an embedded electrochemical workstation and a micro PL spectrum probe to monitor the experimental conditions during the aging test. The micro PL spectrum probe preferably has a spectral resolution of ≤2nm and a laser excitation of 405nm.

[0045] The intelligent analysis unit has a built-in hybrid prediction model based on LSTM and Weibull distribution. The intelligent analysis unit is connected to the server and uses the hybrid prediction model of LSTM and Weibull distribution to predict aging conditions.

[0046] The nonlinear comprehensive test system further comprises a multi-level test unit, wherein the multi-level test unit corresponds to different test intensities and comprises an induction level, a latent level and a collapse level.

[0047] A testing method for a nonlinear aging accelerated testing system for perovskite solar cells comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1. Battery data collection: Use the data acquisition system to collect preliminary performance data of the battery to be tested;

[0049] S2. Segmented aging test: Multiple environmental tests are performed using a composite stress loading unit to test battery aging.

[0050] A multi-stage test unit is used to apply light, humidity, heat, rain, snow, wind and sand and other composite stresses in sections for testing. The battery is subjected to different intensities of battery aging tests by applying induction level, latent level and collapse level in sections.

[0051] Specifically, the induction stage has an environmental condition of 83°C / 85%RH+0.6s constant light, a duration of 12-36 hours, and an induction period of 0-24 hours.

[0052] The incubation period lasts for 24-48 hours, the environmental conditions are 65℃ / 60%RH+1sun, the duty cycle of the pulsed light is 50%, and the wind speed test component, rain component, hail component, and sand component are started at the same time for a first-level stress test.

[0053] Among them, in the first-level stress test, the wind force is set to level 4-6, the rainfall of the rain component is between 18-25 mm, the diameter of the hail is set to 0.4-0.6 cm, the sand component and the wind component are output at the same time, the particle concentration is between 1000-2000 micrograms / cubic meter, and the impact force is controlled at 10-30n.

[0054] The duration of the collapse period is 48-72 hours, and the environmental conditions are The preferred number of temperature change cycles is 10 times, and the wind speed test component, rain component, hail component, sand component and heavy impact component are started at the same time to perform secondary stress testing.

[0055] Among them, in the secondary stress test, the wind force is set to level 7-8, the rainfall of the rain component is between 25-46 mm, the diameter of the hail is set to 0.7-1 cm, the particle concentration is between 2000-3000 micrograms / cubic meter, and the impact intensity is

[0056] S3. Real-time monitoring: Real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angle and PL spectrum peak position offset.

[0057] Specifically, when the EIS low frequency is 0.1 Hz, the phase angle θ is less than -75°, and the PL peak position shift Δλ is greater than 5 nm, a first-level warning is triggered;

[0058] When the TPV life decay rate is Δτ / τ0>15%, the second-level warning is triggered and the Weibull model calculation is started.

[0059] S4. Intelligent Analysis: By integrating the LSTM and Weibull models, we predict the critical point and failure time and upload the results to the server for subsequent analysis. Note that the test is terminated when P(t_c) ≥ 90%.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Based on 230mm×230mm perovskite-crystalline silicon stacked modules

[0062] The test method of the nonlinear aging accelerated test system for perovskite solar cells adopts the following steps;

[0063] S1. Battery data collection: Use the data acquisition system to collect preliminary performance data of the battery to be tested;

[0064] S2. Segmented aging test: Multiple environmental tests are performed using a composite stress loading unit to test battery aging.

[0065] Induction period: 85℃ / 85%RH+0.5sun for 24 hours;

[0066] Incubation period: pulsed light (1sun, 0.5Hz) + 65℃ / 60%RH;

[0067] Collapse period: Temperature change cycle ( 10 cycles).

[0068] S3, real-time monitoring: real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angle and PL spectrum peak position shift;

[0069] S4, intelligent analysis;

[0070] The monitoring results are as follows:

[0071] The PL peak position shifted from 763 nm to 769 nm (Δλ = 8 nm) at 48 h;

[0072] EIS low-frequency phase angle θ = -78° (triggering level 1 warning);

[0073] The LSTM predicted critical point time t_c = 56 hours, and the actual failure time t = 58 hours (error 3.4%).

[0074] Example 2

[0075] UV pulse loading

[0076] The test method of the nonlinear aging accelerated test system for perovskite solar cells adopts the following steps;

[0077] S1. Battery data collection: Use the data acquisition system to collect preliminary performance data of the battery to be tested;

[0078] S2. Segmented aging test: Multiple environmental tests are performed using a composite stress loading unit to test battery aging.

[0079] Induction period: 85℃ / 85%RH+0.5sun for 24 hours;

[0080] Incubation period: UV light (365nm, intensity 0.3sun) + 65℃ / 60%RH;

[0081] Collapse period: Temperature change cycle ( 10 cycles).

[0082] S3, real-time monitoring: real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angle and PL spectrum peak position shift;

[0083] S4. Intelligent analysis.

[0084] In Example 2, visible light is replaced by 365 nm ultraviolet light (intensity 0.3 sun), and the other parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0085] In summary, the critical point prediction error is improved to 7.2%, but the testing period is shortened to 48 hours.

[0086] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0087] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated test system, characterized by: Includes: Data acquisition system: used to obtain performance data of perovskite solar cells and send the performance data to the server. The data acquisition system is connected to a nonlinear comprehensive test system, which simulates the effects of different environments on battery aging and sends the test data to the server; The nonlinear comprehensive test system includes: Composite stress loading unit, including programmable pulse light source, gradient humidity control box, rapid temperature change platform, wind speed test component, and harsh environment simulation unit; In-situ monitoring unit, including an embedded electrochemical workstation and a micro PL spectrometer probe; Intelligent analysis unit with a built-in hybrid prediction model based on LSTM and Weibull distribution.

2. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition system includes a preliminary data acquisition module and an aging acquisition module.

3. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preliminary data acquisition module collects the rated capacity, rated saturation voltage, standard internal resistance of the perovskite solar cell, and the sample length, sample width and sample height, operating temperature range, standard charging rate, standard discharging rate, and standard number of cycles of the photovoltaic energy storage battery; The aging collection module collects the battery's single cell aging charge and discharge voltage and various environmental acceleration test data.

4. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The light intensity adjustment range of the programmable pulse light source is 0.12-2.6 sun, and the pulse frequency is 0.11-8 Hz.

5. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gradient humidity control box realizes humidity gradient control through the circulation of nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas, with an accuracy of ±2.3% RH.

6. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wind speed testing component includes a wind fan, which is used to test the aging of perovskite solar cells under different wind speeds.

7. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The harsh environment simulation unit includes a rain component, a hail component, a sand component and a heavy impact component. The rain component includes a water supply device and a sprinkler head. The hail component includes a hail testing machine. The sand component includes a sand storage box and a conveying pipe. The heavy impact component includes a knocking rod and a channel device.

8. The perovskite solar cell nonlinear aging accelerated testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nonlinear comprehensive test system further comprises a multi-level test unit, wherein the multi-level test unit corresponds to different test intensities and comprises an induction level, a latent level and a collapse level.

9. A method for accelerating the nonlinear aging of a perovskite solar cell, used in the system for accelerating the nonlinear aging of a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1. Battery data collection: Use the data acquisition system to collect preliminary performance data of the battery to be tested; S2. Segmented aging test: Multiple environmental tests are performed using a composite stress loading unit to test battery aging. A multi-stage test unit is used to apply light, humidity, heat, rain, snow, wind and sand and other composite stresses in sections for testing. The battery is subjected to different intensities of battery aging tests by applying induction level, latent level and collapse level in sections. S3, real-time monitoring: real-time acquisition of EIS low-frequency phase angle and PL spectrum peak position shift; S4. Intelligent analysis: By integrating LSTM and Weibull models, the critical point failure time is predicted and uploaded to the server for subsequent analysis.

10. The method for accelerating the nonlinear aging test of perovskite solar cells according to claim 9, characterized in that: The environmental conditions of the induction stage are 83° C. / 85% RH+0.6 sun constant illumination, and the duration is 12-36 hours.

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