Energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transfer

Abstract

The invention provides an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transfer. The energy management and storage system comprises a photoelectric conversion unit, an energy balancing unit, a first zero-voltage-drop one-way conduction unit, an energy management unit, a boosting unit, a second zero-voltage-drop one-way conduction unit and an energy storage unit. Wherein for the pulse electric energy output by the photoelectric conversion unit, the energy balancing unit filters the direct current component of the pulse current through a second-order RC low-pass filter, and outputs stable direct current voltage through voltage division network and time average processing, so as to meet the requirement of subsequent precise supervision; the first zero-voltage-drop one-way conduction unit ensures that electric energy is transmitted to the energy management unit in a one-way mode, and reverse loss is avoided. The energy management unit acquires electrical signal parameters in real time through an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit, and performs dynamic monitoring and feedback control by using a voltage comparator to optimize the energy storage efficiency; the boosting unit boosts the electric energy and then inputs the electric energy into the energy storage unit through the second zero-voltage-drop one-way conduction unit to complete efficient storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber energy transmission, and in particular to an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission. Background Art

[0002] Fiber-optic power transmission technology transmits light energy via optical fibers to devices or areas requiring power, enabling long-distance power supply. Currently, this technology is widely used in a variety of fields, including 5G networks, passive micro base stations, disaster relief, island communications, and military communications. In fiber-optic power transmission systems, the pulsed electrical energy output by the photoelectric conversion unit exhibits significant intermittent and amplitude fluctuations, which can negatively impact subsequent processes. First, when receiving pulsed current, the frequent switching between high-voltage pulses and zero-voltage levels prevents uniform charge distribution within energy storage units (such as batteries or capacitors), resulting in reduced charging efficiency. Transient overvoltage or undervoltage can also lead to internal material polarization or thermal runaway, shortening the system's service life. Second, the real-time electrical signal sampling (such as voltage and current) that the energy management unit relies on is susceptible to noise interference when subjected to pulsed input, causing parameter extraction distortion, which in turn affects the accuracy of the dynamic power tracking algorithm, causing the system to deviate from its maximum power point and reducing overall energy capture efficiency. Furthermore, the high-frequency components of the pulses can couple to adjacent circuits through radiation or conduction, interfering with the normal operation of sensitive modules (such as signal processing or communication units) and degrading the system's electromagnetic compatibility. If these problems are not effectively controlled, they will seriously restrict the stability of energy storage and the long-term reliability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission to eliminate or improve one or more defects existing in the prior art, so as to solve the problem that the energy storage management error rate is high when the output of electrical energy converted from pulsed light in the existing optical fiber energy transmission is unstable.

[0004] One aspect of the present invention provides an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission, comprising:

[0005] A photoelectric conversion unit, the input end of which is connected to an external energy transmission optical fiber to convert light energy into electrical energy;

[0006] An energy balancing unit, configured to integrate the pulse current output by the photoelectric conversion unit and output a stable direct current; the output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a voltage divider network via a DC blocking capacitor in the energy balancing unit, the voltage divider network comprising a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor, one end of the first voltage divider resistor being connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end being grounded, and one end of the second voltage divider resistor being connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end being connected to the final output end of the energy balancing unit via a coupling capacitor;

[0007] a first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conducting unit, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the energy balancing unit;

[0008] An energy management unit includes an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit and a voltage comparator. The open-circuit voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output end of the energy balancing unit and collects electrical signal parameters. The voltage comparator is connected to the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit to obtain the electrical signal parameters, and the electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process.

[0009] a boost unit, whose input end is connected to the output end of the energy management unit and is used to boost the electric energy;

[0010] a second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conducting unit, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the boost unit;

[0011] The energy storage unit is connected to the output end of the second zero-voltage-drop one-way conducting unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion unit is a photodiode, an avalanche photodiode, a phototransistor, a single crystal silicon photovoltaic panel, a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel, or a gallium arsenide photovoltaic panel.

[0013] In some embodiments, both the first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit and the second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit are PMOS transistors.

[0014] In some embodiments, the open circuit voltage sampling circuit includes an upper arm resistor and a lower arm resistor, the output end of the energy balancing unit is sequentially connected to the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor and then grounded; the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor are connected in parallel with a filter capacitor, and the connection point of the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor leads to a voltage V after voltage division. out , then the calculation formula for the output voltage of the energy balancing unit is:

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, R1 represents the resistance value of the upper arm resistor, and R2 represents the resistance value of the lower arm resistor;

[0017] The voltage comparator includes an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the voltage signal obtained by the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit into a digital signal, and based on the pre-loaded program of the microcontroller, perform identification and comparison according to the preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process.

[0018] In some embodiments, the boost unit comprises:

[0019] A control chip, wherein the switch pin of the control chip is connected to the power supply through an inductor; the power pin and the enable pin of the control chip are connected to the power supply; the ground pin of the control chip is connected to the reference ground; the feedback pin of the control chip is connected by the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the output end, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the reference ground; the idle pin of the control chip is set to be floating; the first input filter capacitor and the second input filter capacitor are connected to the power supply and the reference ground respectively; the switch pin is also connected to the second end of the first resistor through a diode; and an output filter capacitor is also provided between the output end and the reference ground.

[0020] In some embodiments, the energy storage unit includes: a lithium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lead-acid battery and / or an energy storage battery.

[0021] In some embodiments, the electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to implement monitoring, feedback, and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including:

[0022] The output voltage of the energy balancing unit is collected in real time through the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit, and the duty cycle of the boost unit is adjusted according to the set amplitude to change the load impedance; the output power before and after the adjustment is compared, and if the power increases, the adjustment is continued in the same direction; if the power decreases, the adjustment is reversed, so that the energy balancing unit always outputs the maximum power.

[0023] In some embodiments, the electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to implement monitoring, feedback, and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including:

[0024] An overvoltage threshold and an undervoltage threshold are set, and the voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the energy balancing unit with the output voltage of the energy balancing unit. If the output voltage is higher than the overvoltage threshold, the voltage comparator outputs a signal to shut down the boost unit or switch to bypass mode. If the output voltage is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the voltage comparator triggers a sleep mode to reduce the system's standby power consumption.

[0025] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is also used for multi-stage charging threshold voltage, obtains the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit, and the voltage comparator compares the multi-stage charging threshold voltage and the energy storage voltage signal; if the energy storage voltage is less than the constant current stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge with the maximum current in the constant current stage; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant current stage threshold and less than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge according to a stable preset voltage in the constant voltage stage, and the current is gradually reduced; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to gradually reduce the boost frequency in the trickle stage to reduce the charging current.

[0026] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is further configured to obtain the energy storage voltage and detect a short circuit or open circuit state, and to perform shutdown protection and delay restart attempts to recover when a short circuit or open circuit occurs.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are at least:

[0028] The energy management and storage system for optical fiber energy transmission described in the present invention comprises: a photoelectric conversion unit, an energy balancing unit, a first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit, an energy management unit, a boost unit, a second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit, and an energy storage unit. Specifically, for the pulsed electrical energy output by the photoelectric conversion unit, the energy balancing unit filters out the DC component of the pulsed current using a second-order RC low-pass filter, and outputs a stable DC voltage through a voltage divider network and time averaging to meet subsequent precise monitoring requirements. The first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit ensures unidirectional transmission of electrical energy to the energy management unit, avoiding reverse losses. The energy management unit collects electrical signal parameters in real time through an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit and uses a voltage comparator for dynamic monitoring and feedback control to optimize energy storage efficiency. The boost unit boosts the electrical energy and then inputs it into the energy storage unit through the second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit, achieving efficient storage.

[0029] Additional advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description and drawings.

[0030] Those skilled in the art will understand that the purposes and advantages that can be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above specific descriptions, and the above and other purposes that can be achieved by the present invention will be more clearly understood based on the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings described herein are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, but are merely for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the present invention. To facilitate the illustration and description of certain portions of the present invention, corresponding portions in the drawings may be exaggerated, that is, may be larger than other components in an exemplary device actually manufactured according to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the boost unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Here, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, the accompanying drawings only show structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the present invention, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0037] It should be emphasized that the term "include / comprises" when used herein refers to the existence of features, elements, steps or components, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.

[0038] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the term "connection" herein may refer not only to a direct connection but also to an indirect connection involving an intermediate.

[0039] During fiber optic energy transmission, the optoelectronic conversion unit converts pulsed optical signals into pulsed electrical energy. This discontinuous, highly volatile energy form presents significant challenges to subsequent control, management, and energy storage. First, the periodic alternation of high voltage (t1) and zero voltage (t2) in the pulsed current reduces the charging efficiency of energy storage units (such as batteries or supercapacitors). Frequent voltage fluctuations can accelerate aging of storage components and even lead to overvoltage risks. Second, the dynamic feedback mechanisms of the energy management unit (such as voltage comparison and power tracking) struggle to accurately obtain steady-state electrical parameters under pulsed input, potentially leading to control delays or misjudgments, affecting the accuracy of the system's maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Furthermore, the high-frequency components of the pulses can easily introduce electromagnetic interference, disrupting the normal operation of sensitive circuits. The energy balancing unit's second-order RC filtering and time averaging process can smooth the pulsed voltage into a stable DC output. Combined with a zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit to block reverse current, efficient and reliable energy storage and management are ultimately achieved.

[0040] The present invention provides an energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a continuous photoelectric conversion unit, an energy balancing unit, a first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit, an energy management unit, a boost unit, a second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit and an energy storage unit.

[0041] The input end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to an external power transmission fiber to convert light energy into electrical energy. In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion unit is a photodiode, an avalanche photodiode, a phototransistor, a single crystal silicon photovoltaic panel, a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel, or a gallium arsenide photovoltaic panel.

[0042] The energy balancing unit is used to integrate the pulse current output by the photoelectric conversion unit and output a stable direct current. The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a voltage divider network through a DC blocking capacitor in the energy balancing unit. The voltage divider network consists of a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor. One end of the first voltage divider resistor is connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end is grounded. One end of the second voltage divider resistor is connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end is connected to the final output end of the energy balancing unit through a coupling capacitor. Figure 2 As shown, since the pulsed laser input is a pulsed light signal, the energy management unit cannot be directly used to lock and compare the output power to achieve maximum output power. Therefore, an energy balancing unit is required to rectify the PWM (pulse width modulated) power to achieve optimal energy output. This circuit can achieve stable pulse voltage output. Assuming that the period of the voltage cycle is t3, the high-voltage portion appears at t1, and the zero-level portion appears at t2, the high voltage at t1 can be averaged to t2, achieving a stable DC output, with t1 > t2. The second-order RC low-pass filter consists of a first voltage-divider resistor R11, a second voltage-divider resistor R12, a DC-blocking capacitor C11, and a coupling capacitor C12. Its principle is based on the characteristics of an RC circuit. By selecting appropriate resistor and capacitor values, it can filter signals of different frequencies. The input signal enters the circuit through the DC-blocking capacitor C11, which blocks DC and passes AC, ensuring that only AC signals can pass. The first and second voltage-divider resistors R11 and R12 form a voltage-divider network. The first voltage-divider resistor R11 is connected between the output of the DC-blocking capacitor C11 and ground, while the second voltage-divider resistor R12 is connected between the output of the DC-blocking capacitor C11 and the output terminal. This voltage-divider network adjusts the amplitude of the output signal. The coupling capacitor C12 is a coupling capacitor connected between the output of the second voltage-divider resistor R12 and the final output.

[0043] The first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit has its input connected to the output of the energy balancing unit. The first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit uses a PMOS transistor. A PMOS transistor is a P-type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOS FET), a voltage-controlled semiconductor device with three pins: gate (G), drain (D), and source (S). Its principle is to control the current flow between the drain and source by applying a voltage between the gate and source, thereby achieving a switching or amplification function.

[0044] The energy management unit includes an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit and a voltage comparator. The open-circuit voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output end of the energy balancing unit and collects electrical signal parameters; the voltage comparator is connected to the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit to obtain electrical signal parameters, and the electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process.

[0045] In some embodiments, the open circuit voltage sampling circuit includes an upper arm resistor and a lower arm resistor, the output end of the energy balancing unit is connected to the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor in sequence and then grounded; the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor are connected in parallel with a filter capacitor, and the connection point of the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor leads to a voltage V after voltage division. out , then the calculation formula for the output voltage of the energy balancing unit is:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, R1 represents the resistance value of the upper arm resistor, and R2 represents the resistance value of the lower arm resistor.

[0048] The voltage comparator includes an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the voltage signal obtained by the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit into a digital signal, and perform identification and comparison according to a preset strategy based on the pre-loaded program of the microcontroller to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process.

[0049] The boost unit has an input end connected to the output end of the energy management unit and is used to boost the electric energy.

[0050] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the boost unit includes: a control chip, a switch pin (SW) of the control chip is connected to a power supply through an inductor (L1); a power pin (Vin) and an enable pin (EN) of the control chip are connected to the power supply; a ground pin (GND) of the control chip is connected to a reference ground; a feedback pin (FB) of the control chip is connected by a first end of a first resistor (R21) and a first end of a second resistor (R22); the second end of the first resistor (R21) is connected to an output end, and the second end of the second resistor (R22) is connected to a reference ground; a non-connected pin (NC) of the control chip is set to be suspended; a first input filter capacitor (C21) and a second input filter capacitor (C22) are connected to a power supply and a reference ground, respectively; the switch pin is also connected to the second end of the first resistor (R21) through a diode (D1); and an output filter capacitor (R23) is further provided between the output end and the reference ground.

[0051] The working principle of the boost unit is as follows:

[0052] Inductor charging and discharging process: When the SW pin of the control chip is turned on, inductor L1 forms a loop with the input power supply Vin, and current flows through inductor L1, storing energy. When the SW pin is turned off, the current in inductor L1 cannot change suddenly, and inductor L1 releases the stored energy, generating a voltage higher than the input voltage. This voltage is applied to the output terminal Vout through diode D1, thereby boosting the voltage.

[0053] Feedback Control: The output voltage Vout is divided by resistors R21 and R22 and fed back to the FB pin of the controller chip. Based on the voltage signal at the FB pin, the controller chip adjusts the switching frequency and duty cycle of the SW pin to maintain a stable output voltage. If the output voltage falls below the set value, the chip increases the on-time of the SW pin, allowing more energy to be stored in the inductor, thereby increasing the output voltage. Conversely, if the output voltage exceeds the set value, the chip decreases the on-time of the SW pin, reducing the energy stored in the inductor and lowering the output voltage.

[0054] Filtering and Stabilization: Capacitors C21 and C22 at the input filter out ripple and noise from the input voltage, improving input power stability. Capacitor C23 at the output filters out ripple from the output voltage, improving its purity and stability. Through this process, the boost unit can boost the input voltage from a lower level to the required higher level to meet the specific load requirements.

[0055] The second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit has an input end connected to the output end of the boost unit, and has the same structural principle as the first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit, and adopts a PMOS tube.

[0056] The energy storage unit is connected to the output end of the second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conduction unit. In some embodiments, the energy storage unit includes: a lithium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lead-acid battery and / or an energy storage battery.

[0057] In some embodiments, electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to achieve monitoring, feedback, and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including: real-time acquisition of the output voltage of the energy balancing unit through an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit, adjusting the duty cycle of the boost unit according to a set amplitude, and changing the load impedance; comparing the output power before and after adjustment, if the power increases, continuing to adjust in the same direction; if it decreases, adjusting in the opposite direction, so that the energy balancing unit always outputs maximum power.

[0058] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0059] 1. Voltage Acquisition: The output voltage of the energy balancing unit is collected in real time through an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit. This circuit continuously monitors the voltage value at the output end and converts it into a processable electrical signal parameter.

[0060] 2. Duty cycle adjustment: Based on the collected voltage value, the duty cycle of the boost unit is adjusted by a set amount. Duty cycle adjustment is achieved by changing the ratio of the on and off time of the switching device in the boost unit. For example, if the current output voltage is lower than expected, the system may increase the duty cycle to make the boost unit operate in a higher energy conversion efficiency range, thereby increasing the output voltage.

[0061] 3. Changing load impedance: Changes in duty cycle directly affect load impedance. Increasing the duty cycle extends the on-time of the switching device, allowing more energy to be transferred to the load, and the load impedance changes accordingly. Conversely, decreasing the duty cycle reduces energy transfer, and the load impedance also adjusts accordingly.

[0062] 4. Comparing Output Power: After adjusting the duty cycle, the system compares the output power before and after the adjustment. This is typically done by measuring the voltage and current before and after the adjustment, calculating the corresponding power, and then comparing them. If the power increases, the current duty cycle adjustment direction is correct and can be continued in this direction. If the power decreases, the duty cycle needs to be adjusted in the opposite direction to find a more optimal operating point.

[0063] 5. Continuous optimization: This process is a continuous cycle. The system will continuously collect voltage, adjust duty cycle, change load impedance, compare power, and further optimize and adjust based on the comparison results so that the energy balancing unit always outputs maximum power.

[0064] Through real-time monitoring and adjustment, the system ensures that the energy balancing unit operates in optimal working conditions, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the entire energy management and storage system. This means that more light energy can be effectively converted into and stored as electrical energy, reducing energy loss. This technical feature enables the energy storage unit to receive more stable and efficient electrical energy input. Because the energy balancing unit outputs maximum power, the energy storage unit can be fully charged in a shorter period of time and can better maintain its energy storage state, extending its service life. Through continuous monitoring and feedback, the system can promptly respond to changes in external conditions, such as fluctuations in the intensity of optical fiber energy transmission and changes in load. This dynamic adjustment capability enhances the stability of the entire system, enabling it to operate reliably in complex practical application environments.

[0065] In some embodiments, electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to implement monitoring, feedback, and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including: setting an overvoltage threshold and an undervoltage threshold, and comparing the output voltage of the energy balancing unit with the voltage comparator; if the output voltage is higher than the overvoltage threshold, the voltage comparator outputs a signal to shut down the boost unit or switch to bypass mode; if the output voltage is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the voltage comparator triggers a sleep mode to reduce the system standby power consumption.

[0066] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0067] 1. Threshold Setting: Preset the overvoltage and undervoltage thresholds. These thresholds are the voltage range boundaries for normal system operation and are used to determine whether the output voltage is within a safe and effective range.

[0068] 2. Voltage Comparison: The voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the energy balancing unit with the set overvoltage and undervoltage thresholds in real time. The voltage comparator determines whether the input electrical signal parameter (i.e., the output voltage) exceeds the set threshold range based on the input electrical signal parameter (i.e., the output voltage).

[0069] 3. Overvoltage handling: If the output voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold, the voltage comparator outputs a signal to shut down the boost unit or switch to bypass mode. This immediately stops the boost operation, preventing system damage from excessive voltage and providing protection.

[0070] 4. Undervoltage Handling: If the output voltage falls below the undervoltage threshold, the voltage comparator triggers sleep mode, reducing system standby power consumption. In sleep mode, non-critical parts of the system stop operating or reduce operating frequency, thereby reducing energy consumption and extending battery life while waiting for the voltage to return to normal range.

[0071] By implementing overvoltage and undervoltage protection, the system can promptly detect abnormal voltage conditions and take appropriate measures to prevent equipment damage or failure caused by excessively high or low voltage, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the entire system. Triggering sleep mode during undervoltage conditions effectively reduces the system's standby power consumption. This helps save energy, especially when the energy storage unit is low on power or fiber optic transmission is interrupted, extending the overall system lifespan. This technical feature enables the system to maintain stable operation under diverse operating conditions. Whether voltage fluctuations are caused by fluctuations in external fiber optic transmission or changes in internal loads, the system can maintain normal operating conditions through timely adjustments and protective measures. By avoiding abnormal operation during overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, the equipment's operating time under extreme voltage conditions is reduced, thereby reducing wear and tear and extending its service life. This monitoring, feedback, and control mechanism demonstrates the system's intelligent management capabilities. It automatically adapts to changes in the operating environment without manual intervention, improving the automation level and management efficiency of the fiber optic energy storage system.

[0072] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is also used for multi-stage charging threshold voltage, obtains the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit, and the voltage comparator compares the multi-stage charging threshold voltage and the energy storage voltage signal; if the energy storage voltage is less than the constant current stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge with the maximum current in the constant current stage; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant current stage threshold and less than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge according to a stable preset voltage in the constant voltage stage, and the current is gradually reduced; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to gradually reduce the boost frequency in the trickle stage to reduce the charging current.

[0073] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0074] 1. Multi-stage charging threshold setting: Pre-set multi-stage charging threshold voltages, including constant current stage thresholds and constant voltage stage thresholds. These thresholds are determined based on the characteristics of the energy storage unit and charging requirements, and are used to divide the charging stage into different stages.

[0075] 2. Energy storage voltage acquisition: A voltage sensor or similar measurement circuit is used to obtain the energy storage unit's energy storage voltage in real time. This voltage value reflects the current state of charge of the energy storage unit.

[0076] 3. Voltage comparison and judgment:

[0077] Compare the obtained energy storage voltage with the constant current stage threshold. If the energy storage voltage is less than the constant current stage threshold, it means that the energy storage unit is low in power and needs to be quickly charged.

[0078] If the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant current stage threshold but less than the constant voltage stage threshold, the constant voltage charging stage is entered.

[0079] If the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant voltage stage threshold, it enters the trickle charging stage.

[0080] 4. Charging control strategy:

[0081] Constant current stage: When the energy storage voltage is lower than the constant current stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge the energy storage unit at the maximum current. At this time, the boost unit operates at a higher duty cycle to provide the maximum charging current.

[0082] Constant voltage stage: When the energy storage voltage reaches the constant current stage threshold but does not reach the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to perform constant voltage charging according to the preset stable voltage. During this stage, the charging current will gradually decrease to avoid overcharging and protect the energy storage unit.

[0083] Trickle charging: When the energy storage voltage exceeds the constant voltage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to gradually reduce the boost frequency, thereby reducing the charging current and entering the trickle charging phase. This phase is mainly to maintain the full charge state of the energy storage unit while avoiding overcharging.

[0084] Through a phased charging control strategy, the system automatically adjusts the charging method based on the current state of the energy storage unit, achieving a fast, safe, and efficient charging process. This not only shortens charging time but also extends the service life of the energy storage unit. The multi-stage charging threshold setting and corresponding control strategy effectively prevent overcharging and over-discharging, protecting the energy storage unit from damage. In particular, by gradually reducing the charging current during the constant voltage and trickle charge phases, the potential damage to the energy storage unit caused by high current is avoided. A rational charging strategy reduces the battery's operating time at high current and high voltage, reduces the intensity of chemical reactions and internal stress, thereby slowing the battery's aging process and extending its service life. Charging at maximum current during the constant current phase rapidly increases the energy storage unit's charge, improving overall system efficiency. Furthermore, maintaining a low current during the trickle charge phase avoids energy waste. This technical feature enables the system to adapt to different types of energy storage units and varying operating conditions. By adjusting the multi-stage charging threshold and corresponding control strategy, the charging requirements of various energy storage devices can be met, enhancing the system's versatility and flexibility.

[0085] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is further configured to obtain the energy storage voltage and detect a short circuit or open circuit state, and to perform shutdown protection and delay restart attempts to recover when a short circuit or open circuit occurs.

[0086] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0087] 1. Energy storage voltage acquisition: A voltage sensor monitors the voltage of the energy storage unit in real time to obtain the current energy storage voltage value. This sensor is usually connected in parallel with the energy storage unit to accurately measure its voltage.

[0088] 2. Short circuit and open circuit detection:

[0089] Short-circuit detection: This function monitors the current and voltage of the energy storage unit to determine if a short circuit has occurred. If a sudden increase in current and an abnormal drop in voltage are detected, this may indicate a short circuit.

[0090] Open circuit detection: This function monitors the voltage of the energy storage unit to determine if an open circuit has occurred. If an abnormally high voltage or no current flow is detected, this may indicate an open circuit.

[0091] 3. Protection and recovery mechanism:

[0092] Shutdown protection: Once a short circuit or open circuit is detected, the system immediately performs shutdown protection, cuts off the connection between the boost unit and the energy storage unit, and stops energy transmission to prevent equipment damage or safety accidents.

[0093] Delayed restart: After shutting down the protection, the system will wait for a period of time (delay) before attempting to restart and resume the normal charging process. During the restart process, the system will again check the status of the energy storage unit to ensure that it can continue to operate after it returns to normal.

[0094] By promptly detecting and handling short-circuit or open-circuit faults, the system can avoid equipment damage, fire, or other safety incidents caused by abnormal conditions, significantly improving system safety. This protection mechanism enables the system to automatically take action in the face of sudden faults, reducing the need for human intervention and enhancing system reliability and stability. It prevents equipment overstress and overheating caused by short-circuit or open-circuit faults, reduces equipment wear and aging, and helps extend the service life of the entire system. The delayed restart function allows the system to automatically attempt to resume operation after the fault is corrected, improving system automation and operational efficiency and reducing downtime. Shutdown protection prevents the energy storage unit from being overcharged or discharged under abnormal conditions, thereby protecting its performance and lifespan.

[0095] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and illustrated in the figures. For the sake of brevity, a detailed description of known methods is omitted. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and illustrated as examples. However, the method of the present invention is not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated. Those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of the steps after understanding the spirit of the present invention.

[0096] In the present invention, features described and / or illustrated for one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, and / or combined with or replace features of other embodiments.

[0097] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations to the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission, characterized in that: include: A photoelectric conversion unit, the input end of which is connected to an external energy transmission optical fiber to convert light energy into electrical energy; an energy balancing unit, configured to integrate the pulse current output by the photoelectric conversion unit and output a stable direct current; The output end of the photoelectric conversion unit is connected to a voltage divider network via a DC blocking capacitor in the energy balancing unit. The voltage divider network is composed of a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor. One end of the first voltage divider resistor is connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end is grounded. One end of the second voltage divider resistor is connected to the output end of the DC blocking capacitor and the other end is connected to the final output end of the energy balancing unit via a coupling capacitor. a first zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conducting unit, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the energy balancing unit; An energy management unit includes an open-circuit voltage sampling circuit and a voltage comparator. The open-circuit voltage sampling circuit is connected to the output end of the energy balancing unit and collects electrical signal parameters. The voltage comparator is connected to the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit to obtain the electrical signal parameters, and the electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process. a boost unit, whose input end is connected to the output end of the energy management unit and is used to boost the electric energy; a second zero-voltage-drop unidirectional conducting unit, the input end of which is connected to the output end of the boost unit; The energy storage unit is connected to the output end of the second zero-voltage-drop one-way conducting unit.

2. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion unit adopts a photodiode, an avalanche photodiode, a phototransistor, a single crystal silicon photovoltaic panel, a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel, an amorphous silicon photovoltaic panel or a gallium arsenide photovoltaic panel.

3. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first zero-voltage-drop one-way conducting unit and the second zero-voltage-drop one-way conducting unit both use PMOS transistors.

4. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The open circuit voltage sampling circuit includes an upper arm resistor and a lower arm resistor. The output end of the energy balancing unit is connected to the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor in sequence and then grounded. The upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor are connected in parallel with a filter capacitor. The connection point of the upper arm resistor and the lower arm resistor leads to a voltage V after voltage division. out , then the calculation formula for the output voltage of the energy balancing unit is: Wherein, R1 represents the resistance value of the upper arm resistor, and R2 represents the resistance value of the lower arm resistor; The voltage comparator includes an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the voltage signal obtained by the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit into a digital signal, and based on the pre-loaded program of the microcontroller, perform identification and comparison according to the preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process.

5. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boost unit comprises: A control chip, wherein the switch pin of the control chip is connected to the power supply through an inductor; the power pin and the enable pin of the control chip are connected to the power supply; the ground pin of the control chip is connected to the reference ground; the feedback pin of the control chip is connected by the first end of the first resistor and the first end of the second resistor; the second end of the first resistor is connected to the output end, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the reference ground; the idle pin of the control chip is set to be floating; the first input filter capacitor and the second input filter capacitor are connected to the power supply and the reference ground respectively; the switch pin is also connected to the second end of the first resistor through a diode; and an output filter capacitor is also provided between the output end and the reference ground.

6. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit includes: lithium-ion battery, lithium polymer battery, lead-acid battery and / or energy storage battery.

7. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including: The output voltage of the energy balancing unit is collected in real time through the open-circuit voltage sampling circuit, and the duty cycle of the boost unit is adjusted according to the set amplitude to change the load impedance; the output power before and after the adjustment is compared, and if the power increases, the adjustment is continued in the same direction; if the power decreases, the adjustment is reversed, so that the energy balancing unit always outputs the maximum power.

8. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrical signal parameters are identified and compared according to a preset strategy to realize monitoring, feedback and control of the optical fiber energy transmission and storage process, including: An overvoltage threshold and an undervoltage threshold are set, and the voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the energy balancing unit with the output voltage of the energy balancing unit. If the output voltage is higher than the overvoltage threshold, the voltage comparator outputs a signal to shut down the boost unit or switch to bypass mode. If the output voltage is lower than the undervoltage threshold, the voltage comparator triggers a sleep mode to reduce the system's standby power consumption.

9. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy management unit is also used for multi-stage charging threshold voltage, obtaining the energy storage voltage of the energy storage unit, and the voltage comparator compares the multi-stage charging threshold voltage and the energy storage voltage signal; if the energy storage voltage is less than the constant current stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge with the maximum current in the constant current stage; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant current stage threshold and less than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to charge according to a stable preset voltage in the constant voltage stage, and the current is gradually reduced; if the energy storage voltage is greater than the constant voltage stage threshold, the boost unit is controlled to gradually reduce the boost frequency in the trickle stage to reduce the charging current.

10. The energy management and storage system suitable for optical fiber energy transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management unit is further configured to obtain the energy storage voltage and detect a short circuit or open circuit state, and to perform shutdown protection and delay restart to attempt recovery when a short circuit or open circuit occurs.

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