Mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 and application thereof, the strain is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 14, 2025, the preservation address is No.3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.41891. The Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 has been preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection. The lentinus edodes strain provided by the invention has the advantages of more fruiting quantity in a wheat straw culture medium, large single mushroom mass, high biological efficiency and excellent agronomic traits. The new mushroom variety provided by the invention solves the problems of low yield and poor quality of mushrooms in wheat straw cultivation, provides choices of more varieties of different types for the edible mushroom industry, and has a remarkable application prospect in the field of mushroom planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus breeding, and in particular to a shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] mushroom( Shiitake mushroom (Berk.) sing) belongs to the Basidiomycetes ( Basidiomycetes ), Agaricalales ( Agaricales )、Micromycetaceae( Marasmiaceae )、Lentinus ( Lentinula ), the world's second-largest edible fungus. Widely cultivated, nutritious, and delicious, it boasts high medicinal and economic benefits, making it a highly valuable dual-use fungus favored by consumers and possessing enormous market potential. According to statistics, my country's 2020 production of shiitake mushrooms reached 11.8821 million tons, representing a significant portion of the nation's total edible fungus production. Shiitake mushrooms are a typical wood-rotting fungus, and their traditional sawdust cultivation model relies on forest resources, leading to significant ecological pressure and intensified conflicts between the shiitake mushroom cultivation industry and the forestry sector.

[0003] In 2008, Professor Lin Zhanhui's team, through the "Technology of Mushroom Cultivation on Mushroom Grass," registered with the National Science and Technology Commission, systematically established a technical framework for mushroom cultivation using this technique. This has since become a global research hotspot. Many scholars, drawing on the ability of shiitake mushrooms to produce cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin-degrading enzymes, have proposed the use of straw as a partial replacement for sawdust in addition to the "grass-replacing-wood" cultivation method. However, current straw cultivation of shiitake mushrooms suffers from slow mycelial growth and expansion, a long time to fill the bag, and inconsistent fruiting performance. The yield per stick is low, and biological efficiency is low. Fruiting body quality deteriorates, manifested by an increased rate of cap deformities, severely hindering the industrial application of this technology.

[0004] Currently, there are numerous known varieties of Shiitake mushrooms, including Shiitake 9608, Shiitake K5, Shiitake 939, Shiitake 808, Shiitake A6, Shiitake L26, Shiitake 241-4, Shiitake 303, Luyu No. 6, Huxiang F2, Shenxiang 1504, and Shenxiang 215. These varieties vary in their shape and nutrient absorption from wheat straw. Breeding Shiitake mushroom varieties suitable for wheat straw cultivation can enrich the Shiitake mushroom germplasm resource base, help adjust the Shiitake mushroom industry structure, reduce costs, and improve cultivation efficiency.

[0005] To address these technical bottlenecks, the present invention successfully obtained the specific strain SICAU-F2-1283 through self-pollination. This strain exhibits groundbreaking agronomic traits when grown on wheat straw: its cap is light brown and uniform, and its stipe is slender, resulting in superior commercial quality compared to wood chip cultivation. Experimental data showed that the first wave of this strain produced 12 mushrooms per stick, significantly higher than the control variety. This improved biological efficiency perfectly addresses the core issues of low yield and poor quality in existing technologies. This breakthrough provides a new technological path for the sustainable development of the edible fungus industry.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 and its application. The provided new shiitake mushroom variety solves the problems of low yield and poor quality of shiitake mushrooms in wheat straw cultivation.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shiitake mushroom strain ( Shiitake mushroom ) SICAU-F2-1283, the strain was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 14, 2025, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the deposit number is CGMCC No. 41891.

[0009] The present invention also provides a protoplast produced by the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283.

[0010] The present invention also provides spores produced by the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283.

[0011] The present invention also provides a mycelium produced by the above-mentioned Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283.

[0012] The present invention also provides a fruiting body produced by the above-mentioned Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283.

[0013] The present invention also provides a shiitake mushroom stick comprising the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283.

[0014] The shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 provided by the invention can be used in shiitake mushroom breeding.

[0015] The shiitake mushroom strain provided by the invention can be used to prepare shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies, shiitake mushroom mycelia, protoplasts and / or shiitake mushroom spores.

[0016] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283, comprising culturing mother mycelia of the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283, inoculating the mother mycelia into a bag culture medium, and performing bag culture and fruiting management.

[0017] Furthermore, the formula of the above-mentioned bag culture medium contains the following components in percentage by mass: 23.4% wheat straw, 54.6% sawdust, 20.0% bran, 1.0% sucrose, and 1.0% gypsum.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages: The new Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283, bred by the present invention, produces dense, white mycelium in both sawdust and wheat straw culture media. In wheat straw culture, it takes only about 50 days for a bag to reach full size, with fruiting occurring in about 14 days. The mushrooms are relatively white after veraison. The first batch of mushrooms produced approximately 12 mushrooms per bag. The fruiting bodies are large and uniform in shape, with a consistent light brown cap, soft flesh, and a slender, larger stipe than those grown in sawdust culture. The fruiting bodies have low moisture content, high dry weight, and excellent agronomic traits.

[0019] The agronomic traits and yield of the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 are superior in the wheat straw culture medium. The high-yield new shiitake mushroom variety bred by the present invention can enrich the existing shiitake mushroom germplasm resource bank, help adjust the shiitake mushroom planting structure, and improve the shiitake mushroom planting efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a mycelial morphology diagram of the Lentinus edodes strain "SICAU-F2-1283" of the present invention, wherein the left side is sawdust cultivation material and the right side is wheat straw cultivation material.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a morphological diagram of the mushroom sticks of the shiitake mushroom strain "SICAU-F2-1283" of the present invention, wherein the left side is sawdust cultivation material and the right side is wheat straw cultivation material.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a morphological diagram of the fruiting body of the Lentinus edodes strain "SICAU-F2-1283" of the present invention, wherein the left side is sawdust cultivation material and the right side is wheat straw cultivation material.

[0023] Figure 4 This is the fruiting body morphology of the control strain "L26", where the left side is sawdust cultivation material and the right side is wheat straw cultivation material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Note: Unless otherwise noted, the experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods, performed according to the techniques and conditions described in literature in the field or according to product specifications. Materials and reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise noted, are commercially available.

[0026] Experimental Example 1 Breeding of Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 and evaluation of its wheat straw cultivation performance 1. Screening of single-spore self-pollination and dikaryotic strains of Lentinus edodes strain Huxiang F2 Experimental materials: Huxiang F2 original strain, PDA medium (potato 200 g / L, glucose 20 g / L, agar 15 g / L, natural pH); Single spore isolation: Collect spores from mature fruiting bodies of Huxiang F2, apply the spore suspension to a PDA plate with a sterile cotton swab, and incubate at 25°C in the dark for 5 days. Pick a single spore colony and transfer it to a new PDA plate. Confirm the absence of lock-like joint structures under a microscope. Self-fertilization: Monokaryotic strains were paired and cultured at 25°C for 10 days. Mycelial fusion was observed and hybrid strains that formed binucleate mycelia were selected. By replacing the sawdust in the conventional formula with wheat straw for cultivation, a total of 18 self-fertilized offspring strains were obtained that could produce mushrooms in the wheat straw formula.

[0027] 2. Screening of advantageous formulas for wheat straw cultivation Wheat straw was used as the main ingredient to replace part of the sawdust. Wheat straw with particle sizes of 0.2 cm, 0.5-1 cm, and 1-3 cm were mixed with sawdust, and the weight ratios of wheat straw to sawdust were set at 3:7, 5:5, and 7:3, respectively, to make large test tubes for cultivation. The formula composition and ratio are shown in Table 1. The Lentinus edodes strain 19YC-267 was selected for the experiment and cultured and observed under standard cultivation conditions.

[0028] Table 1 Components and proportions of the three formulations As shown in Table 2, the bag filling time of the three particle sizes increased with the increase of wheat straw ratio and particle size. When the particle size was 0.2 cm and the ratio of wheat straw to sawdust was 3:7, the bag filling time was the shortest, only 32 days. When the particle size was 1-3 cm and the ratio of wheat straw to sawdust was 7:3, the bag filling time was the longest, reaching 53 days. The proportion of the main cultivation material had a smaller effect on the bag filling time than the particle size of the main material, because the particle size of the main material would affect the volume of the bag at the same weight. The larger the particle size, the larger the volume and the longer the bag filling time.

[0029] Comprehensive analysis of the test data showed that the combination of 0.2 cm particle size and a 3:7 ratio performed optimally, with the bag filling time taking only 32 days. This provides an important reference for the formulation of culture media in actual production.

[0030] Table 2 The number of days it takes to fill a bag after wheat straw and sawdust of different particle sizes are mixed in different proportions 3. Screening of dominant strains for wheat straw cultivation and analysis of their agronomic traits 1. Strain cultivation and mushroom production management A fruiting experiment was conducted using a self-pollinated strain that could fruit on wheat straw. The culture medium composition (by mass percentage) was: 23.4% wheat straw, 54.6% sawdust, 20.0% bran, 1.0% sucrose, and 1.0% gypsum. Cultures were grown in 15 cm × 55 cm × 0.04 cm bags weighing approximately 0.75 kg and sterilized by steam at 108–110°C for 10 h. After inoculation, the bags were placed on shelves in a dark incubator at 24 ± 2°C and 70% relative humidity. When the mycelium filled the bags and formed irregular ridges, the bags were transferred to a greenhouse and punctured with approximately 30 holes per bag. The bags were then pressed gently to separate the bag from the substrate, allowing for adequate contact between the medium and air. Maintain a daytime temperature of around 23°C, increase diffuse light within the greenhouse, enhance ventilation, and create an alternating dry-wet environment. The temperature and dry-wet differentials stimulate the formation of a lustrous, reddish-brown film on the surface of the fungus tube, promoting the collapse of aerial hyphae and the secretion of pigment. After color change, the mushrooms are removed from the bags and fruited. Fruiting trials are conducted under the same conditions to select strains that produce high numbers of mushrooms, yields, biological conversion rates, and excellent agronomic traits.

[0031] As shown in Table 3, it can be seen that in the preliminary experiment, the strain "SICAU-F2-1283" showed significant advantages: the number of mushrooms produced per stick was 12 / bag, which was significantly higher than the self-pollinated strains in the same group. The results showed that the strain has outstanding production performance in wheat straw culture medium, and its high-yield characteristics and efficient nutrient conversion ability provide an optimal strain for wheat straw matrix cultivation. Through the separation of the head tide mushroom tissue, the purified strain material, namely the target dominant strain SICAU-F2-1283, was obtained. The shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 was preserved and preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 14, 2025, and its taxonomic name is Shiitake mushroom The deposit address is No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the deposit number is CGMCC No.41891.

[0032] Table 3 Yield traits of the self-pollinated progenies of Lentinus edodes strain Huxiang F2 grown in wheat straw culture medium 2. Determination of agronomic traits of strains SICAU-F2-1283 and L26 in different cultivation media 'L26' is one of the main wood-decomposing varieties cultivated in my country. It boasts robust mycelial growth, strong resistance to pathogens, and uniform fruiting. Its fruiting bodies are thick, round, and have short, thick stipes. Its biomass conversion rate is stable in traditional sawdust culture media, making it an excellent strain for industrial cultivation. This strain, which has been widely used nationwide and boasts high yield and good commercial value, was selected as the control strain for this study.

[0033] This experiment measured the mycelial growth rate, bag-filling time, cap color, cap shape, fruiting body stipe, stipe color, cap-stipe ratio, scales, fruiting body volume, fruiting body flesh, fruiting body moisture content, dry weight, number of fruiting mushrooms, and fruiting body attachment status of each strain. A comparative analysis was conducted between the high-yield Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 and strain L26 provided by the present invention.

[0034] The results are shown in Table 4. In contrast, the wheat straw-based "SICAU-F2-1283" mycelium produced dense, white mycelia in both formulations. In the wheat straw medium, the bags filled in approximately 50 days, with fruiting occurring in around 14 days. The logs were lighter in color. The first wave of mushrooms produced approximately 12 mushrooms per bag. The fruiting bodies were large and uniform in shape, with a consistent light brown cap, soft flesh, long and slender stems, a high cap-to-stem ratio, low moisture content, and high dry weight, demonstrating excellent agronomic properties.

[0035] Table 4 Comparison of agronomic characteristics of the first-wave mushrooms of Lentinus edodes strain “SICAU-F2-1283” and the control strain in different cultivation media Comparative analysis of the first-wave mushrooms of the SICAU-F2-1283 and L26 strains revealed that both strains exhibited excellent mycelial growth characteristics in wood rot medium, with a mycelial growth rate of 0.3 cm / day. However, in wheat straw medium, SICAU-F2-1283 achieved bag-filling in 50 days, three days faster than L26's 53 days, demonstrating superior adaptability. Regarding mycelial growth, both strains formed dense, white mycelia in their respective suitable media, but SICAU-F2-1283 exhibited more uniform and stable mycelial growth in wheat straw medium.

[0036] In terms of fruiting body morphology, both strains formed dark brown, convex caps with short, thick stipes and a small cap-to-stem ratio when grown in wood rot medium. However, when grown in wheat straw medium, the fruiting bodies of SICAU-F2-1283 exhibited a more uniform, light brown cap, a slender stipe, and a larger cap-to-stem ratio. In contrast, the fruiting bodies of L26 grown in wheat straw medium exhibited less uniform morphology and were more prone to deformities. The fruiting bodies of both strains exhibited characteristic scales, but the scales of SICAU-F2-1283 were more evenly distributed and aesthetically pleasing.

[0037] In terms of yield, SICAU-F2-1283 demonstrated significant advantages in wheat straw culture. Its dry weight per bag reached 4.16g, exceeding the 3.98g of L26. More importantly, SICAU-F2-1283 produced 12 mushrooms per bag in wheat straw culture, significantly exceeding the L26. In terms of fresh weight, SICAU-F2-1283 reached 38.27g in wheat straw culture, also significantly exceeding the 23.41g of L26.

[0038] In terms of cultivation adaptability, SICAU-F2-1283 maintained an ideal moisture content of 89.91% in wheat straw, ensuring plump fruiting bodies while facilitating freshness during storage and transportation. L26, on the other hand, had a lower moisture content (82.98%) in wheat straw, which could lead to shrunken fruiting bodies. Both strains achieved fruiting in approximately 7 days in wood rot medium, while completing fruiting in approximately 14 days in wheat straw medium.

[0039] Overall, the greatest breakthrough of the SICAU-F2-1283 strain lies in its exceptional performance in wheat straw cultivation. This strain not only overcomes the low yields associated with traditional wheat straw cultivation, but also significantly improves yield and quality, meeting the requirements for commercial cultivation. Furthermore, this strain fully utilizes inexpensive agricultural waste, such as wheat straw, significantly reducing production costs and providing significant economic and ecological benefits. These characteristics make SICAU-F2-1283 an ideal strain for wheat straw cultivation, providing a new solution for the sustainable development of the shiitake mushroom industry.

[0040] Overall, the greatest breakthrough of the SICAU-F2-1283 strain lies in its exceptional performance in wheat straw cultivation. This strain not only overcomes the low yields associated with traditional wheat straw cultivation, but also significantly improves yield and quality. It produces 12 mushrooms per bag, significantly exceeding the control strain, and its dry weight is 4.5% higher, meeting the requirements for commercial cultivation. Furthermore, this strain fully utilizes inexpensive agricultural waste, such as wheat straw, significantly reducing production costs and providing significant economic and ecological benefits. These characteristics make SICAU-F2-1283 an ideal strain for wheat straw cultivation, providing a new solution for the sustainable development of the shiitake mushroom industry.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading the above description, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shiitake mushroom strain ( Lentinula edodes ) SICAU-F2-1283, characterized in that, The strain was deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 14, 2025, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the deposit number is CGMCC No. 41891.

2. A protoplast produced by the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1.

3. Spores produced by the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1.

4. A mycelium produced by the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1.

5. A fruiting body produced by the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1. A shiitake mushroom log comprising the shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1.

7. Use of the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 as claimed in claim 1 in Lentinus edodes breeding.

8. Use of the Lentinus edodes strain according to claim 1 in preparing Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies, Lentinus edodes mycelium, protoplasts and / or Lentinus edodes spores.

9. The method for preparing the Lentinus edodes strain SICAU-F2-1283 according to claim 1, wherein: The shiitake mushroom strain SICAU-F2-1283 is cultured with mother mycelia, and the mother mycelia is inoculated into a bag culture medium for bag culture and fruiting management.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that The formula of the bacterial bag culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 23.4% wheat straw, 54.6% wood chips, 20.0% bran, 1.0% sucrose, 1.0% gypsum.

Images