Photovoltaic passive ventilation system and service station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building structures, and particularly discloses a photovoltaic passive ventilation system which comprises a shell, an air inlet component, an exhaust component, a photovoltaic air heat collector, a storage battery, a control device and a heat insulation wall. The shell is provided with a light-transmitting face, and an assembly cavity is formed between the shell and the heat insulation wall. The photovoltaic air heat collector is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity, the photovoltaic air heat collector is provided with a photovoltaic panel and a radiator, the photovoltaic panel faces the light-transmitting surface, and an air heating channel is formed between the radiator and the heat insulation wall; the air inlet part is communicated with the air heating channel, and the exhaust part is located above the front of the photovoltaic panel; heat energy on the radiator is used for heating air in the air heating channel so as to generate a hot-pressing effect to drive the air to enter the air heating channel from the air inlet component and to be exhausted through the exhaust component; the photovoltaic passive ventilation system directly improves the indoor thermal environment by exhausting indoor hot air, and has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low maintenance cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building structures, and in particular to a photovoltaic passive ventilation system. Background Art

[0002] Volunteer service stations are important public service facilities in cities, providing outdoor workers and the general public with convenient basic services such as rest, drinking water, emergency response, and information consultation. They offer valuable refuge from the heat, especially during scorching summer weather. They are not only an effective extension of the city's service network but also a concrete manifestation of humanistic care, safeguarding the basic rights of outdoor workers and the convenience of citizens' lives.

[0003] At present, the environmental regulation methods of most volunteer stations usually rely on traditional passive shading facilities, such as awnings, natural vents and fans; some stations with better conditions may introduce active temperature control systems such as air conditioning and intelligent flap louver roofs.

[0004] Traditional passive systems have limited effectiveness, being minimal in extreme heat and humidity, and unable to meet actual cooling needs. Active temperature control systems, on the other hand, are expensive, require high energy consumption, and have high operating and maintenance costs, which can negatively impact the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic passive ventilation system that aims to integrate passive cooling technology, efficient natural ventilation technology, and combine it with the use of renewable energy to achieve low energy consumption, low maintenance costs, and environmentally friendly effects, and significantly improve the comfort in the service station.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic passive ventilation system, comprising: a housing, an air intake component, an exhaust component, a photovoltaic air collector, a battery, a control device and an insulation wall.

[0008] The photovoltaic air collector and the battery are both electrically connected to the control device.

[0009] The shell has a light-transmitting surface, and an assembly cavity is formed between the shell and the heat-insulating wall.

[0010] The photovoltaic air collector is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity. The photovoltaic air collector has a photovoltaic panel and a radiator. The photovoltaic panel faces the light-transmitting surface. An air heating channel is formed between the radiator and the insulation wall.

[0011] The air intake component is communicated with the air heating channel, the exhaust component is located above the front of the photovoltaic panel, and the exhaust component is communicated with the assembly cavity.

[0012] The heat energy on the radiator is used to heat the air in the air heating channel, so as to generate a thermal pressure effect to drive the air from the air intake component into the air heating channel and be discharged through the exhaust component.

[0013] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the position of the exhaust component is higher than the position of the intake component.

[0014] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator has a plurality of heat exchange fins.

[0015] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat exchange fins are arranged in a wave shape.

[0016] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery is fixedly disposed in the assembly cavity.

[0017] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the control device is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the housing.

[0018] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the housing includes a frame and transparent tempered glass.

[0019] One side of the frame body is fixedly connected to the double-layer hollow transparent tempered glass to form the light-transmitting surface.

[0020] The other side of the frame body is fixedly connected to the heat insulation wall.

[0021] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent tempered glass is a double-layer hollow structure.

[0022] In the photovoltaic passive ventilation system provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the air intake component is fixedly disposed at a lower portion of the thermal insulation wall.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a service station, comprising a heat-insulated service station body, characterized in that it also comprises the above-mentioned photovoltaic passive ventilation system.

[0024] The air intake component is in communication with the insulated service station body.

[0025] In the service station provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the service station body further comprises a roof and an exterior wall, and the exterior surfaces of the roof and the exterior wall are both provided with a spectrally selective composite coating.

[0026] In the service station provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the spectrally selective composite coating includes a first interface layer, a reflective layer, a second interface layer, a radiation layer, and a protective layer.

[0027] In the service station provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reflective layer is located between the first interface layer and the second interface layer; and between the radiation layer and the second interface layer and the protective layer.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: effectively solving the problem of limited passive cooling effect faced by small public buildings such as urban volunteer service stations in the existing technology during summer operation, and solving the problems of high cost and environmental pollution of active technology.

[0029] The waste heat from the photovoltaic panels heats the air in the heating channel, generating thermal pressure to drive natural ventilation. This can increase the effective air exchange rate and promptly expel accumulated heat, moisture and air pollutants in the room. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a photovoltaic passive ventilation system of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a usage status diagram of a photovoltaic passive ventilation system of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the spectrally selective composite coating.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 10. Housing; 11. Air heating channel; 12. Frame; 13. Transparent tempered glass;

[0036] 20. Air intake components;

[0037] 30. Exhaust components;

[0038] 40. Photovoltaic air collector;

[0039] 50. Battery;

[0040] 60. Control device;

[0041] 70. Service station body; 71. First interface layer; 72. Reflection layer; 73. Second interface layer; 74. Radiation layer; 75. Protective layer;

[0042] 80. Insulation wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, rather than all the embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the present invention provides a photovoltaic passive ventilation system, including: a shell 10, an air intake component 20, an exhaust component 30, a photovoltaic air collector 40, a battery 50, a control device 60 and an insulation wall 80.

[0046] Specifically, the photovoltaic air heat collector 40 and the battery 50 are both electrically connected to the control device 60. The photovoltaic air heat collector 40 uses solar energy to generate electricity, and the electricity stored in the battery 50 can provide power for lighting equipment, information equipment, USB charging sockets, and low-power auxiliary ventilation fans in the service station.

[0047] In this embodiment, the housing 10 includes a frame 12 and a transparent tempered glass 13. One side of the frame 12 is fixedly connected to the transparent tempered glass 13 to form a light-transmitting surface.

[0048] Specifically, the other side of the frame 12 is fixedly connected to the insulation wall 80, and an assembly cavity is formed between the frame 12, the transparent tempered glass 13 and the insulation wall 80. The photovoltaic air collector 40 and the battery 50 are arranged in the assembly cavity.

[0049] Specifically, the transparent tempered glass 13 is a double-layer hollow structure, and a window for installing the exhaust component 30 is reserved on the upper portion of the transparent tempered glass 13 .

[0050] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic air collector 40 is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity. The photovoltaic air collector 40 has a photovoltaic panel (not shown) and a radiator (not shown). The photovoltaic panel is upright and faces the light-transmitting surface. An air heating channel 11 is formed between the radiator and the insulation wall 80.

[0051] Photovoltaic panels are used to absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. At the same time, the solar radiation absorbed by their surface and the waste heat generated during power generation are transferred to the air in the rear air heating channel 11 through the radiator, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panels and improving the power generation efficiency.

[0052] Specifically, the air intake component 20 is connected to the air heating channel 11 , the exhaust component 30 is located above and in front of the photovoltaic panel, and the exhaust component 30 is connected to the assembly cavity; the position of the exhaust component 30 is higher than that of the air intake component 20 .

[0053] During use, the heat energy on the radiator heats the air in the air heating channel 11, generating a thermal pressure effect, driving the air from the air intake component 20 into the air heating channel 11, and finally the air is discharged to the outside through the exhaust component 30, forming a pressure difference in the service station and enhancing natural ventilation.

[0054] Exemplarily, both the air intake component 20 and the exhaust component 30 adopt grille air vents.

[0055] In this embodiment, the heat sink has a plurality of heat exchange fins (not shown). The heat exchange fins are made of a high thermal conductivity material and are designed in a wave shape to increase the heat exchange area and enhance the heat exchange efficiency with the air.

[0056] Exemplarily, the heat exchange fins are made of aluminum alloy heat exchange fins or copper alloy heat exchange fins.

[0057] In this embodiment, the battery 50 is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity, and the control device 60 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the housing 10 .

[0058] Example 2

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a service station, including a service station body 70 and the photovoltaic passive ventilation system in embodiment 1.

[0060] In this embodiment, the service station body 70 utilizes a lightweight steel keel or square steel frame structure, with aluminum alloy Great Wall panels serving as the base panels for the exterior walls and roof. A door, an external office window, and mounting locations are reserved. The external office window serves as the primary air intake for the service station, allowing fresh air to enter the station through the external office window.

[0061] Specifically, the heat insulation wall 80 is assembled at the installation position, and the outer wall of the service station body 70 is sealed and connected to the heat insulation wall 80 .

[0062] For example, the insulation wall 80 is made of rock wool board, polyurethane foam board or vacuum insulation board. Due to the effect of the insulation wall 80, the heat in the air heating channel is not easy to penetrate into the interior space of the service station, ensuring that the heat is mainly used to drive ventilation rather than heating the room.

[0063] Specifically, the air heating passage 11 is communicated with the heat-insulating service station body 70 through the air intake component 20 .

[0064] In this embodiment, both the roof and the exterior walls are coated with a spectrally selective composite coating. This reduces the heat load on the service station's surrounding structures, creating a better foundation for the photovoltaic passive ventilation system and reducing the total amount of heat that needs to be removed through ventilation. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system can directly improve the indoor thermal environment by removing hot air.

[0065] The spectrally selective composite coating efficiently reflects sunlight and radiates mid-infrared radiation toward the sky. Under typical clear summer weather conditions, this reduces roof and wall surface temperatures, significantly reducing heat gain to the building envelope. A photovoltaic passive ventilation system converts solar energy into electricity, which is stored in batteries and used to power the service station's lighting, information technology, USB charging outlets, and low-power auxiliary ventilation fans.

[0066] The spectrally selective composite coating lowers the internal surface temperature of the building envelope, reducing heat radiation to the human body. Combined with the photovoltaic passive ventilation system, it significantly reduces the average indoor temperature and significantly improves occupant comfort. This ensures fresh indoor air and provides a healthier environment for users. It does not rely on traditional high-energy refrigeration equipment or use environmentally harmful refrigerants, reducing carbon emissions from cooling and lighting, and minimizing environmental impact.

[0067] In this embodiment, the spectrally selective composite coating includes a first interface layer 71, a reflective layer 72, a second interface layer 73, a radiation layer 74, and a protective layer 75. The reflective layer 72 is located between the first interface layer 71 and the second interface layer 73; and the radiation layer 74 is located between the second interface layer 73 and the protective layer 75.

[0068] Furthermore, the first interface layer 71 is cured on the surface of the base material, providing a strong chemical bonding force to ensure that the coating adheres firmly and improves the overall durability. The reflective layer 72 is cured on the first interface layer 71, providing an extremely high reflectivity of sunlight (visible light + near infrared) to reduce solar heat absorption. The second interface layer 73 is cured on the reflective layer 72, providing a strong chemical bonding force to ensure that the coating adheres firmly and improves the overall durability. The radiation layer 74 is cured on the second interface layer 73, and efficiently emits mid-infrared radiation in the 8-13μm atmospheric window band. The protective layer 75 provides excellent weather resistance, UV resistance and anti-fouling properties, protects the radiation layer, extends the overall service life, and prevents powdering and falling off.

[0069] Furthermore, the first interface layer 71 is made of one or more of acrylate and acrylate-styrene copolymer.

[0070] Furthermore, the reflective layer 72 is made of one or more of epoxy resin emulsion and acrylic emulsion containing high reflectivity fillers (such as TiO2, BaSO4, and ZnO nanoparticles).

[0071] Furthermore, the second interface layer 73 is a high molecular interface polymer, the main component of which is a high molecular compound containing polar groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups, such as acrylate, acrylate-styrene copolymer, acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, etc.

[0072] Furthermore, radiation layer 74 is a polymer coating (polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers, polyacrylates, etc.) containing infrared emitting fillers (such as SiO2 and SiC nanoparticles). This layer has a high mid-infrared emissivity in the 8-13μm atmospheric window band, effectively transferring heat from the building surface to the outside world in the form of infrared radiation.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that are not conceivable through creative work should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention; unless expressly stated, any elements, actions or instructions used in this document should not be interpreted as critical or necessary.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic passive ventilation system, characterized in that: include: Housing, air intake components, exhaust components, photovoltaic air collectors, batteries, control devices and insulation walls; The photovoltaic air collector and the battery are both electrically connected to the control device; The shell has a light-transmitting surface, and an assembly cavity is formed between the shell and the heat-insulating wall; The photovoltaic air heat collector is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity, and comprises a photovoltaic panel and a radiator, wherein the photovoltaic panel faces the light-transmitting surface, and an air heating channel is formed between the radiator and the insulation wall; The air intake component is communicated with the air heating channel, the exhaust component is located above the front of the photovoltaic panel, and the exhaust component is communicated with the assembly cavity; The heat energy on the radiator is used to heat the air in the air heating channel, so as to generate a thermal pressure effect to drive the air from the air intake component into the air heating channel and be discharged through the exhaust component.

2. A photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust component is positioned higher than the intake component.

3. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator has a plurality of heat exchange fins.

4. A photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat exchange fins are arranged in a wave shape.

5. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery is fixedly arranged in the assembly cavity.

6. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the housing.

7. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing comprises a frame body and transparent tempered glass; One side of the frame is fixedly connected to the double-layer hollow transparent tempered glass to form the light-transmitting surface; The other side of the frame body is fixedly connected to the heat insulation wall.

8. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transparent tempered glass is a double-layer hollow structure.

9. The photovoltaic passive ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake component is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the heat insulation wall.

10. A service station comprising a heat-insulated service station body, characterized in that: Also includes a photovoltaic passive ventilation system as described in any one of claims 1-9; The air intake component is in communication with the insulated service station body.

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