Novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, which comprises a hardware module, a control module, a communication module and a service module, and is characterized in that the hardware module is used for constructing a system material basis and realizing electric energy calling, signal coupling and equipment protection, and the control module is used for realizing intelligent power regulation and communication control; the power generation efficiency is improved and the communication stability is guaranteed through a multi-modal algorithm, and the communication module is used for constructing a power line carrier communication system. A special PLC framework for a direct-current low-voltage environment is adopted, a communication frequency band and an impedance matching scheme can be designed according to photovoltaic direct-current side characteristics, technical field differentiation is formed from alternating-current power grid PLC patents, through dual-mode MPPT dynamic switching, the limitation of a single algorithm in a dynamic environment can be broken through through combination of local gradient prediction and a distributed collaborative algorithm, and the real-time performance of a photovoltaic power grid is improved. In cooperation with a passive impedance compensation technology, adaptive adjustment can be performed through the magnetic ring filter and the capacitor array, an additional power supply module is not needed, and the hardware complexity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic optimizers, and in particular to a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication. Background Art

[0002] The photovoltaic power optimizer uses a unique software algorithm that can track the maximum power point of a single module in real time. Users can choose different types of power optimizers based on the actual operating conditions of the photovoltaic system to solve the problem of reduced photovoltaic system power generation caused by shadow obstruction, differences in module orientation or inconsistent module attenuation, achieve maximum power output and online monitoring of single modules, and improve system efficiency.

[0003] In the existing technology, photovoltaic optimizers mostly use wireless communication or wired communication, which has the following defects:

[0004] Wireless communication is susceptible to environmental interference and has poor signal stability; wired communication requires additional wiring, which increases system complexity and cost; the existing optimizer communication protocol is complex, making it difficult to achieve rapid networking and plug-and-play. Due to the "barrel effect" in photovoltaic strings caused by shadow obstruction, component aging, etc., traditional optimizers find it difficult to dynamically coordinate the operating points of each component. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, namely, wireless communication is susceptible to environmental interference and has poor signal stability; wired communication requires additional wiring, which increases system complexity and cost; the existing optimizer communication protocol is complex and difficult to achieve rapid networking and plug-and-play; the "barrel effect" in photovoltaic strings caused by shadow obstruction, component aging, etc., and the traditional optimizer is difficult to dynamically coordinate the working points of each component.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, comprising a hardware module, a control module, a communication module, and a service module. The hardware module is used to build the system material foundation and implement power summoning, signal coupling, and equipment protection. The control module is used to implement intelligent power regulation and communication control, improving power generation efficiency and ensuring communication stability through multimodal algorithms. The communication module is used to build a power line carrier communication system. The service module is used to provide multi-terminal interaction and data services.

[0007] The hardware module includes a magnetic module, which includes high-frequency ferrite inductors and multilayer ceramic capacitors to suppress current / voltage ripple during power conversion.

[0008] The control module includes a core control module and a distributed collaborative module. The core control module includes an illumination stabilization algorithm, a mutation scene algorithm, a direct compensation unit, and temperature compensation. The illumination stabilization algorithm adopts an improved disturbance observation method, and the gradient prediction factor α is dynamically adjusted, α = 0.3 ± 0.1. The mutation scene algorithm adopts a distributed model predictive control, collects adjacent node data every 50ms, and predicts the global optimal working point. The direct compensation unit adopts a dual closed-loop anti-interference algorithm, the inner loop compensation modulation signal is dialed, and the outer loop quickly retraces the IV curve with a period of 20ms. The temperature compensation adopts the formula: P corr =P mp ×[1-0.004(T-25)] power correction, where T represents the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic module, P coor Indicates the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module after temperature compensation, P mp It represents the maximum power point output power under the conditions of 25℃ and 1000W / ㎡ illumination. The distributed collaborative module includes a self-organizing network protocol unit, a consistency algorithm unit and a fault conclusion unit, which are used for self-organizing and collaborative work of multiple optimizers. The self-organizing network protocol unit adopts a spread spectrum handshake signal and a time slot allocation algorithm to support conflict-free access of multiple devices. The consistency algorithm unit adopts a distributed consistency algorithm to synchronize the string current / voltage data every 100ms. The fault relay unit adopts a signal routing reconstruction algorithm to bypass the faulty node within 50ms, and the communication recovery time is less than 100ms.

[0009] Preferably, the hardware module also includes a power conversion module, a switch tube driving module, an overvoltage protection module, a sensor acquisition module, a power management module, a data concentration module, a signal modulation module and an overtemperature protection module.

[0010] Preferably, the power conversion module is used to convert the DC power output by the photovoltaic module into DC power suitable for grid connection or energy storage. At the same time, an improved two-switch parallel Bnck topology is used to realize hardware multiplexing of power conversion and signal modulation, reduce ripple and support high-frequency modulation. The switch tube driver module is used to provide independent drive signals for two silicon carbide MOSFETs, control their on / off timing, reduce switching losses, and amplify the modulated signal through the drive circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the overvoltage protection module is used to protect the optimizer from input side surge voltage shocks, and adopts a TVS tube array, which quickly turns on when the voltage exceeds the threshold to discharge the surge capacity. The overtemperature protection module is used to prevent short circuit or overload faults on the output side, and adopts a fast fuse, which melts within 5μs when the circuit is abnormal, cuts off the fault current, and protects the MOSFET and inductor of the power conversion unit. The signal modulation module is used to superimpose the control instruction with the communication signal, and adopts a coupling resistor to input the signal into the output end of the PI controller, and uses the action of the switching tube to realize the coupling transmission of the signal to the DC bus.

[0012] Preferably, the sensor acquisition module is used to monitor the status of photovoltaic components in real time, using a voltage sensor to collect input voltage, a current sensor to collect output circuit, and a temperature sensor to monitor component temperature, providing a compensation basis for MPPT. The power management module is used to power the internal circuit of the bit optimizer. The data concentration module is used as a string-level communication hub, using an ARMCortex-M3 processor to demodulate signals and convert protocols, an LC bandpass filter to extract communication signals, and a Wifi / 4g interface to upload data to the cloud.

[0013] Preferably, the control module further includes a composite modulation control module, a parameter configuration module, a fault diagnosis module and a safety protection module.

[0014] Preferably, the composite modulation control module dynamically adjusts the modulation depth and combines the coherent demodulation algorithm with the Kalman filter to improve the noise suppression capability and reduce the bit error rate. The hardware filter is combined with the software notch filter to isolate the frequency bands of 0-1kHz, 5-10kHz and greater than 60kHz. The parameter configuration module sets the local configuration parameters through the HMI or debug port and is equipped with an OTA upgrade module. The configuration update is completed within 5 seconds after the cloud platform sends the parameters. The fault diagnosis module uses IV curve slope mutation detection to locate hot spot faults and provides early warning of component aging through long-term trend analysis of the maximum power point voltage.

[0015] Preferably, the communication module includes a composite modulation module, an anti-interference module and a self-organizing network synchronization module. The composite modulation module adopts a QDPSK modulator, a coherent demodulator and a framing / deframing module to decode and encode the signal and perform frame processing on the data. The anti-interference module adopts a two-stage filtering circuit composed of a common-mode inductor and an LC bandpass to make the noise suppression ratio >40dB. It adopts FFT spectrum analysis and adaptive pre-adjustment to suppress the inverter switching noise and PI control noise. In combination with the CRC-16 check code, a check bit is added to each frame of data, and the error correction capability is improved by 50%. The self-organizing network synchronization module adopts a dynamic time slot algorithm based on signal strength to avoid multi-device communication conflicts. It adopts a master-slave synchronization mechanism. The data concentrator serves as the master node and broadcasts the synchronization signal according to the time interval set by the master node.

[0016] Preferably, the service module includes a monitoring module, an interaction module and a data encryption module. The monitoring module is used to remotely view the system status, dynamically display component parameters 24 hours a day, and use machine learning models to analyze power generation trends, loss sources and equipment life predictions. It automatically generates fault reports and records fault codes, occurrence time and location information. The interaction module uses a capacitive screen to display system topology, real-time waveforms and historical curves, and uses cases and touch for control. The data encryption module uses the AES-128 encryption algorithm to protect the security of communication data.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In the present invention, a dedicated PLC architecture for DC low-voltage environments is adopted, and the communication frequency band and impedance matching scheme can be designed according to the characteristics of the photovoltaic DC side, which is different from the technical field of AC power grid PLC patents. Through dual-mode MPPT dynamic switching, it can combine local gradient prediction with distributed collaborative algorithms to break through the limitations of a single algorithm in a dynamic environment. In conjunction with passive impedance compensation technology, it can be adaptively adjusted through magnetic ring filters and capacitor arrays, without the need for additional power supply modules, reducing hardware complexity.

[0019] 2. In this invention, by adopting power / signal composite modulation multiplexing power control, the independent communication module is eliminated, the hardware cost is reduced by 40%, the construction time is halved, and the multi-modal MPPT algorithm and direct mode compensation can increase the power generation by 18% in complex scenarios, and the efficiency reaches more than 98.5%. Through the exclusive frequency band isolation and fault relay mechanism, the bit error rate is reduced to 3.1×10 -5 The communication success rate is greater than 99%. Through plug-and-play self-organizing networking and wide-temperature protection design, it can be adapted to old roofs, and the installation time can be shortened to 30 minutes per unit, extending the service life to 15 years. Through the distributed consistency algorithm, the power rebalancing time in multi-component mismatch scenarios can be less than 300ms, and the string current balance is 99.2%. Through fast shutdown and intelligent diagnosis, the fault current is cut off within 10ms, and the fault location time is shortened to 5 minutes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a system diagram of the hardware modules in a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a system diagram of a control module in a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a system diagram of a communication module in a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a system diagram of a service module in a new photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to the present invention.

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] 1. Hardware module; 11. Power conversion module; 12. Switch tube driver module; 13. Magnetic module; 14. Overvoltage protection module; 15. Sensor acquisition module; 16. Power management module; 17. Data concentration module; 18. Signal modulation module; 19. Overtemperature protection module;

[0027] 2. Control module; 21. Core control module; 22. Composite modulation control module; 23. Distributed collaboration module; 24. Parameter configuration module; 25. Fault diagnosis module; 26. Safety protection module;

[0028] 3. Communication module; 31. Composite modulation module; 32. Anti-interference module; 33. Ad hoc network synchronization module;

[0029] 4. Service module; 41. Monitoring module; 42. Interaction module; 43. Data encryption module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example: Refer to Figure 1-Figure 5 Figure 2 shows a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, including hardware module 1, control module 2, communication module 3, and service module 4. Hardware module 1 is used to build the system material foundation and implement power summoning, signal coupling, and equipment protection. Control module 2 is used to implement intelligent power regulation and communication control, improve power generation efficiency and ensure communication stability through multimodal algorithms. Communication module 3 is used to build a power line carrier communication system. Service module 4 is used to provide multi-terminal interaction and data services.

[0032] The hardware module 1 includes a magnetic module 13, which includes a high-frequency ferrite inductor and a multilayer ceramic capacitor, and is used to suppress current / voltage ripples during power conversion and ensure stable power output during signal modulation;

[0033] The control module 2 includes a core control module 21 and a distributed collaborative module 23. The core control module 21 includes an illumination stabilization algorithm, a mutation scene algorithm, a direct compensation unit and temperature compensation. The illumination stabilization algorithm adopts an improved disturbance observation method, and the gradient prediction factor α is dynamically adjusted, α = 0.3 ± 0.1. The mutation scene algorithm adopts a distributed model predictive control, collects adjacent node data every 50ms, and predicts the global optimal working point. The direct compensation unit adopts a dual closed-loop anti-interference algorithm, the inner loop compensation modulation signal is dialed, and the outer loop quickly retraces the IV curve with a period of 20ms. The temperature compensation adopts the formula: P corr =P mp ×[1-0.004(T-25)] power correction, where T represents the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic module, P coor Indicates the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module after temperature compensation, P mp The maximum power point output power is measured at 25°C and 1000W / ㎡ of sunlight. The distributed collaboration module 23 includes a self-organizing network protocol unit, a consistency algorithm unit, and a fault conclusion unit, which are used for self-organizing collaboration among multiple optimizers. The self-organizing network protocol unit uses a spread spectrum handshake signal and a time slot allocation algorithm to support conflict-free access of multiple devices. The consistency algorithm unit uses a distributed consistency algorithm to synchronize string current / voltage data every 100ms. The fault relay unit uses a signal routing reconstruction algorithm to bypass the faulty node within 50ms, and the communication recovery time is less than 100ms.

[0034] The communication module 3 includes a composite modulation module 31, an anti-interference module 32 and a self-organizing network synchronization module 33. The composite modulation module 31 adopts a QDPSK modulator, a coherent demodulator and a framing / deframing module to decode and encode the signal and perform frame processing on the data. The anti-interference module 32 adopts a two-stage filtering circuit composed of a common-mode inductor and an LC bandpass to make the noise suppression ratio >40dB. It adopts FFT spectrum analysis and adaptive pre-adjustment to suppress the inverter switching noise and PI control noise. In combination with the CRC-16 check code, a check bit is added to each frame of data, and the error correction capability is improved by 50%. The self-organizing network synchronization module 33 adopts a dynamic time slot algorithm based on signal strength to avoid communication conflicts among multiple devices. It adopts a master-slave synchronization mechanism. The data concentrator serves as the master node and broadcasts the synchronization signal according to the time interval set by the master node. This design adopts a PLC architecture dedicated to DC low-voltage environments, and can design communication frequency bands and impedance matching solutions based on the characteristics of the photovoltaic DC side, forming a technical distinction with the AC grid PLC patent. Through dual-mode MPPT dynamic switching, it can combine local gradient prediction with distributed collaborative algorithms to break through the limitations of a single algorithm in a dynamic environment. In conjunction with passive impedance compensation technology, it can be adaptively adjusted through magnetic ring filters and capacitor arrays, without the need for additional power supply modules, reducing hardware complexity.

[0035] The hardware module 1 also includes a power conversion module 11, a switch tube driver module 12, an overvoltage protection module 14, a sensor acquisition module 15, a power management module 16, a data concentration module 17, a signal modulation module 18 and an overtemperature protection module 19. The power conversion module 11 is used to convert the DC power output by the photovoltaic module into DC power suitable for grid connection or energy storage. At the same time, an improved two-switch parallel Bnck topology is used to realize hardware multiplexing of power conversion and signal modulation, reduce ripple and support high-frequency modulation. The switch tube driver module 12 is used to provide independent drive signals for two silicon carbide MOSFETs, control their on / off timing, reduce switching losses, and amplify the modulated signal through the drive circuit to realize co-linear transmission of signals and power. The overvoltage protection module 14 is used to protect the optimizer from input side surge voltage impact. It uses a TVS tube array to quickly turn on when the voltage exceeds the threshold, discharge the surge capacity, and avoid damage to the subsequent circuit. The protection module 19 is used to prevent short circuit or overload faults on the output side. It uses a fast fuse to blow within 5μs when the circuit is abnormal, cut off the fault current, and protect the MOSFET and inductor and other devices of the power conversion unit. The signal modulation module 18 is used to superimpose the control instruction with the communication signal, use a coupling resistor to input the signal into the output end of the PI controller, and use the action of the switch tube to realize the coupling transmission of the signal to the DC bus without the need for an additional modulation chip. The sensor acquisition module 15 is used to monitor the status of the photovoltaic module in real time. It uses a voltage sensor to collect the input voltage, a current sensor to collect the output circuit, and a temperature sensor to monitor the component temperature, providing a compensation basis for the MPPT. The power management module 16 is used to power the internal circuit of the bit optimizer. The data concentration module 17 is used as a group string-level communication hub. It uses an ARMCortex-M3 processor to demodulate the signal and convert the protocol, an LC bandpass filter to extract the communication signal, and a Wifi / 4g interface to upload the data to the cloud.

[0036] The control module 2 also includes a composite modulation control module 22, a parameter configuration module 24, a fault diagnosis module 25 and a safety protection module 26. The composite modulation control module 22 adopts dynamic adjustment of the modulation depth and combines a coherent demodulation algorithm with a Kalman filter to improve the noise suppression capability and reduce the bit error rate. It uses a combination of hardware filters and software notch filters to isolate the frequency bands of 0-1kHz, 5-10kHz and greater than 60kHz. The parameter configuration module 24 sets local configuration parameters through the HMI or debug port and is equipped with an OTA upgrade module. The configuration update is completed within 5 seconds after the cloud platform sends the parameters. The fault diagnosis module 25 uses IV curve slope mutation detection to locate hot spot faults and provides early warning of component aging through long-term trend analysis of the maximum power point voltage.

[0037] The service module 4 includes a monitoring module 41 and a data encryption module 43. The monitoring module 41 is used to remotely view the system status, dynamically display component parameters 24 hours a day, and use a machine learning model to analyze power generation trends, loss sources, and equipment life predictions. It automatically generates fault tickets and records fault codes, occurrence time, and location information. The data encryption module 43 uses the AES-128 encryption algorithm to protect the security of communication data.

[0038] In the present invention, by adopting power / signal composite modulation multiplexing power control, the independent communication module is omitted, and the cost of the hardware part is reduced by 40%.

[0039] The working time is halved. Through the multi-mode MPPT algorithm and direct mode compensation, the power generation can be increased by 18% in complex scenarios, and the efficiency reaches more than 98.5%. Through the exclusive frequency band isolation and fault relay mechanism, the bit error rate is reduced to 3.1×10 -5 The communication success rate is greater than 99%. Through plug-and-play self-organizing networking and wide-temperature protection design, it can be adapted to old roofs, and the installation time can be shortened to 30 minutes per unit, extending the service life to 15 years. Through the distributed consistency algorithm, the power rebalancing time in multi-component mismatch scenarios can be less than 300ms, and the string current balance is 99.2%. Through fast shutdown and intelligent diagnosis, the fault current is cut off within 10ms, and the fault location time is shortened to 5 minutes.

[0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, characterized in that: The system comprises a hardware module (1), a control module (2), a communication module (3) and a service module (4), wherein the hardware module (1) is used to construct a system material foundation, realize power summoning, signal coupling and equipment protection, the control module (2) is used to realize intelligent power regulation and communication control, improve power generation efficiency and ensure communication stability through multi-modal algorithms, the communication module (3) is used to construct a power line carrier communication system, and the service module (4) is used to provide multi-terminal interaction and data services; The hardware module (1) includes a magnetic module (13), and the magnetic module (13) includes a high-frequency ferrite inductor and a multilayer ceramic capacitor, which are used to suppress current / voltage ripples during power conversion; The control module (2) includes a core control module (21) and a distributed coordination module (23). The core control module (21) includes an illumination stabilization algorithm, a mutation scene algorithm, a direct compensation unit and temperature compensation. The illumination stabilization algorithm adopts an improved disturbance observation method, and the gradient prediction factor α is dynamically adjusted, α=0.3±0.

1. The mutation scene algorithm adopts a distributed model predictive control, collects adjacent node data every 50ms, and predicts the global optimal working point. The direct compensation unit adopts a dual closed-loop anti-interference algorithm, the inner loop compensation modulation signal is dialed, and the outer loop quickly retraces the IV curve with a period of 20ms. The temperature compensation adopts the formula: P corr =P mp ×[1-0.004(T-25)] power correction, where T represents the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic module, P coor Indicates the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module after temperature compensation, P mp It represents the maximum power point output power under the conditions of 25℃ and 1000W / ㎡ illumination. The distributed collaborative module (23) includes a self-organizing network protocol unit, a consistency algorithm unit and a fault conclusion unit, which are used for self-organizing and collaborative work of multiple optimizers. The self-organizing network protocol unit adopts a spread spectrum handshake signal and a time slot allocation algorithm to support conflict-free access of multiple devices. The consistency algorithm unit adopts a distributed consistency algorithm to synchronize the string current / voltage data every 100ms. The fault relay unit adopts a signal routing reconstruction algorithm to bypass the fault node within 50ms, and the communication recovery time is <100ms.

2. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hardware module (1) further comprises a power conversion module (11), a switch tube driving module (12), an overvoltage protection module (14), a sensor acquisition module (15), a power management module (16), a data concentration module (17), a signal modulation module (18) and an overtemperature protection module (19).

3. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The power conversion module (11) is used to convert the direct current output by the photovoltaic module into direct current suitable for grid connection or energy storage. At the same time, an improved two-switch parallel Bnck topology is adopted to realize hardware multiplexing of power conversion and signal modulation, reduce ripple and support high-frequency modulation. The switch tube drive module (12) is used to provide independent drive signals for two silicon carbide MOSFETs, control their on / off timing, reduce switching losses, and amplify the modulation signal through the drive circuit.

4. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The overvoltage protection module (14) is used to protect the optimizer from input side surge voltage impact, and adopts a TVS tube array to quickly conduct when the voltage exceeds a threshold value to discharge the surge capacity. The overtemperature protection module (19) is used to prevent output side short circuit or overload faults, and adopts a fast fuse to melt within 5μs when the circuit is abnormal, cut off the fault current, and protect the MOSFET and inductor of the power conversion unit. The signal modulation module (18) is used to superimpose the control instruction and the communication signal, adopt a coupling resistor to input the signal to the output end of the PI controller, and use the switch tube action to realize the coupling transmission of the signal to the DC bus.

5. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The sensor acquisition module (15) is used to monitor the status of photovoltaic components in real time. The voltage sensor is used to collect the input voltage, the current sensor is used to collect the output circuit, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the component temperature, providing a compensation basis for the MPPT. The power management module (16) is used to power the internal circuit of the bit optimizer. The data concentration module (17) is used as a group string communication hub. The ARMCortex-M3 processor is used to demodulate the signal and convert the protocol. The LC bandpass filter is used to extract the communication signal. The Wifi / 4g interface uploads the data to the cloud.

6. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The control module (2) further comprises a composite modulation control module (22), a parameter configuration module (24), a fault diagnosis module (25) and a safety protection module (26).

7. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The composite modulation control module (22) dynamically adjusts the modulation depth and combines a coherent demodulation algorithm with a Kalman filter to improve noise suppression capability and reduce bit error rate. It uses a combination of hardware filters and software notch filters to isolate the frequency bands of 0-1kHz, 5-10kHz, and greater than 60kHz. The parameter configuration module (24) sets local configuration parameters through debugging equipment or gateways and is equipped with an OTA upgrade module. The configuration update is completed within 5 seconds after the cloud platform sends the parameters. The fault diagnosis module (25) uses IV curve slope mutation detection to locate hot spot faults and provides early warning of component aging through long-term trend analysis of maximum power point voltage.

8. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The communication module (3) includes a composite modulation module (31), an anti-interference module (32) and a self-organizing network synchronization module (33). The composite modulation module (31) uses a QDPSK modulator, a coherent demodulator and a framing / deframing module to decode and encode the signal and perform frame processing on the data. The anti-interference module (32) uses a secondary filtering circuit composed of a common-mode inductor and an LC bandpass to make the noise suppression ratio greater than 40dB. It uses FFT spectrum analysis and adaptive pre-adjustment to suppress inverter switching noise and PI control noise. In combination with a CRC-16 check code, a check bit is added to each frame of data, and the error correction capability is improved by 50%. The self-organizing network synchronization module (33) uses a dynamic time slot algorithm based on signal strength to avoid multi-device communication conflicts. It adopts a master-slave synchronization mechanism. The data concentrator serves as the master node and broadcasts the synchronization signal according to the time interval set by the master node.

9. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 8, characterized in that: The service module (4) includes a monitoring module (41), an interaction module (42) and a data encryption module (43). The monitoring module (41) is used to remotely view the system status, dynamically display component parameters 24 hours a day, and use a machine learning model to analyze power generation trends, loss sources and equipment life predictions, automatically generate fault reports, and record fault codes, occurrence time and location information. The interaction module (42) uses a capacitive screen to display system topology, real-time waveforms and historical curves, and uses case and touch methods for control. The data encryption module (43) uses an AES-128 encryption algorithm to protect communication data security.

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