Two-dimensional turntable bearing applied to astronomical telescope

Abstract

The two-dimensional rotary table bearing comprises a first outer ring and an inner ring, a rotating position is arranged on the inner wall of the first outer ring in the circumferential direction, an axial rotating assembly and a radial rotating assembly are arranged in the rotating position, and the axial rotating assembly comprises a first ball combination and a second ball combination; the inner ring is rotationally borne in a rotating position between the first ball combination and the second ball combination, the radial rotating assembly comprises a plurality of columnar rollers, the columnar rollers are in rolling fit with the first outer ring, and when the inner ring is located in the rotating position, the outer wall, in the circumferential direction, of the inner ring abuts against the columnar rollers; the astronomical telescope has the effect of improving the rotation flexibility and the working speed of the astronomical telescope during working.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of two-dimensional turntable bearing technology, and in particular to a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in astronomical telescopes. Background Art

[0002] The two-dimensional turntable bearing is the core mechanical component for astronomical telescopes to achieve precise observations. As the load-bearing foundation, it needs to stably support core loads such as the telescope barrel and imaging system, withstand the combined radial and axial forces, ensure the rigidity and stability of the overall structure during the observation process, and avoid deformation caused by its own weight or external disturbances. Through the coordinated rotation of the azimuth axis (horizontal rotation) and the pitch axis (vertical pitch), the telescope can achieve pointing coverage of any target on the celestial sphere. When tracking the diurnal motion of celestial bodies, it can provide uniform and non-stuttering rotation, avoid the impact of mechanical jitter or hysteresis on image quality, and ultimately provide reliable mechanical movement guarantee for long-exposure, high-resolution observations.

[0003] Among the existing two-dimensional turntable bearings used in astronomical telescopes, a three-row cylindrical roller combined bearing structure with a YRT structure is adopted, including an outer ring, two inner rings, two upper and lower rows of cylindrical rollers and corresponding retaining frame assemblies, a group of cylindrical rollers and connecting bolts; the rings are provided with mounting holes, lifting holes, connecting holes and lubricating oil holes; the two-dimensional turntable bearing can withstand large bidirectional axial loads, radial loads and overturning moments, and adopts a pre-tightened negative clearance structure, with the characteristics of high precision, high rigidity and compact structure.

[0004] However, three-row cylindrical roller bearings with a YRT structure are equipped with cylindrical rollers in all three rows and adopt a preloaded negative clearance structure, which results in continuous and large contact pressure between the rollers and the ring raceways. As a result, when starting, the bearings need to overcome significant friction between the contact pairs, which in turn causes a relatively large starting friction torque. At the same time, the large starting friction torque and continuous contact pressure limit the rotation speed of the bearing, thereby limiting its rotational flexibility and operating speed, and limiting its applicability in scenarios that require rapid adjustment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope in order to improve the rotation flexibility and operating speed of the astronomical telescope during operation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope, which adopts the following technical solution: A two-dimensional turntable bearing used in astronomical telescopes includes a first outer ring and an inner ring. The inner wall of the first outer ring is provided with a rotation position along the circumferential direction. An axial rotation component and a radial rotation component are arranged in the rotation position. The axial rotation component includes a first ball assembly and a second ball assembly. The inner ring is rotatably supported in the rotation position between the first ball assembly and the second ball assembly. The radial rotation component includes a plurality of cylindrical rollers. The plurality of cylindrical rollers are in rolling engagement with the first outer ring. When the inner ring is located in the rotation position, the outer wall of the inner ring along the circumferential direction abuts against the plurality of cylindrical rollers.

[0007] Preferably, a limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the rotation position abutting against the cylindrical roller along the circumferential direction, and the height of the limiting groove and the height tolerance of the cylindrical roller are transition fit.

[0008] Preferably, the radial rotation assembly further includes a first retaining frame, and the plurality of cylindrical rollers are evenly distributed along the circumference of the first retaining frame.

[0009] Preferably, the axial rotation assembly also includes a second retaining frame and a third retaining frame, the first ball combination includes a plurality of first balls, and the plurality of first balls are evenly distributed on the second retaining frame, and the second ball combination includes a plurality of second balls, and the plurality of second balls are evenly distributed on the third retaining frame.

[0010] Preferably, a second outer ring is provided on the first outer ring near the rotation position, and the inner diameter of the second outer ring is the same as the inner diameter of the first outer ring.

[0011] Preferably, a retaining position is provided on the rotation position close to the limiting groove, and the first retaining frame is located in the retaining position.

[0012] Preferably, the inner ring extends in the axial direction and is integrally formed with a fixing portion.

[0013] Preferably, the first retaining frame, the second retaining frame and the third retaining frame are all made of copper.

[0014] Preferably, a stress relief opening is provided on the first retaining frame.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a two-dimensional turntable bearing for astronomical telescopes, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present application adopts a method in which the inner ring rotates along the inside of the first outer ring to improve the stability of the inner ring when rotating along the first outer ring. When the inner ring rotates along the rotating position, the friction generated between the inner ring and the first outer ring is shared by the first ball assembly and the second ball assembly through the cooperation of the first ball assembly and the second ball assembly. Compared with a two-dimensional turntable bearing that uses cylindrical rollers to achieve axial rotation, the effective area of ​​the rolling friction between the inner ring and the first outer ring is reduced, which is conducive to reducing the rolling friction between the upper and lower surfaces of the inner ring in the thickness direction and the rotating position, thereby reducing the friction torque of the inner ring when starting along the first outer ring. At the same time, by cooperating with a plurality of cylindrical rollers rotating radially along the first outer ring, the radial rotation path of the inner ring is limited, which is conducive to improving the rotation flexibility and working speed of the astronomical telescope during operation; 2. The first retainer defines the installation positions of several cylindrical rollers to avoid mechanical interference between two adjacent cylindrical rollers when rotating along the limiting groove. At the same time, the retaining position defines the rotation path of the first retainer with cylindrical rollers installed along the rotation position to avoid axial runout of the first retainer with cylindrical rollers installed when rotating along the rotation position. 3. The second retaining frame is used to limit the rotation paths of several first balls along the rotation position, and the second retaining frame is used to limit the rotation paths of several second balls along the rotation position to prevent the first balls and the second balls from falling off along the rotation position, so that when the inner ring rotates between the first balls and the second balls, the rolling friction force on the surface of the inner ring is in a balanced state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A in a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in astronomical telescopes.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a second retaining frame in a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a first retaining frame in a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. First outer ring; 2. Inner ring; 3. Rotation position; 4. Axial rotation assembly; 41. Second retaining frame; 411. Mounting ring; 42. Third retaining frame; 5. Radial rotation assembly; 51. Cylindrical roller; 52. First retaining frame; 521. Stress relief opening; 522. Mounting position; 6. Limiting groove; 7. First ball; 8. Second ball; 9. Second outer ring; 10. Retaining position; 11. Fixing portion; 111. Fixing hole; 12. Mounting hole; 13. Fixing bolt hole; 14. Connecting hole; 15. Radial oil filling hole; 16. Oil cup. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Directions such as up, down, left, right, front, back, side, above, below, upper surface, and lower surface mentioned or potentially mentioned in this specification are defined relative to the configurations shown in the accompanying drawings. The terms "inside" and "outside" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively. They are relative concepts and may vary depending on the location and usage of the component. Furthermore, the term "several" is a quantitative term and may be added or removed based on design or usage requirements. It does not limit the specific number of components. Therefore, these or other directions should not be interpreted as restrictive terms.

[0024] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0025] The embodiment of the present application discloses a two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope. Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figure 6 A two-dimensional turntable bearing used in an astronomical telescope includes a first outer ring 1 and an inner ring 2. A rotation position 3 is opened on the inner wall of the first outer ring 1 along the circumferential direction. An axial rotation component 4 and a radial rotation component 5 are arranged in the rotation position 3. The axial rotation component 4 includes a first ball assembly and a second ball assembly. The inner ring 2 is rotatably carried in the rotation position 3 between the first ball assembly and the second ball assembly. The radial rotation component 5 includes a plurality of cylindrical rollers 51. The plurality of cylindrical rollers 51 are in rolling engagement with the first outer ring 1. When the inner ring 2 is located in the rotation position 3, the outer wall of the inner ring 2 along the circumferential direction abuts against the plurality of cylindrical rollers 51.

[0026] Specifically, the outer contour of the first outer ring 1 is set in a circular ring shape, and the rotation position 3 is formed by a depression from the inner wall of the first outer ring 1 to the edge of the first outer ring 1. The rotation position 3 and the first outer ring 1 are in a coaxial state.

[0027] Furthermore, the axial rotation assembly 4 also includes a second retaining frame 41 and a third retaining frame 42. The first ball combination includes a plurality of first balls 7, and the plurality of first balls 7 are evenly distributed on the second retaining frame 41. The second ball combination includes a plurality of second balls 8, and the plurality of second balls 8 are evenly distributed on the third retaining frame 42. The external contours of the first balls 7 and the second balls 8 are spherical, and the diameters of the first balls 7 and the second balls 8 are the same. They can be made of steel material to improve wear resistance.

[0028] Among them, the matching relationship between the second retaining frame 41 and the plurality of first balls 7 is the same as the matching relationship between the third retaining frame 42 and the plurality of third retaining frames 42 and the plurality of second balls 8. For the sake of convenience, the matching relationship between the second retaining frame 41 and the plurality of first balls 7 is described in detail below.

[0029] Furthermore, the outer contour of the second retaining frame 41 is set in a circular ring shape, the thickness of the second retaining frame 41 is smaller than the diameter of the first ball 7, and the second retaining frame 41 is provided with three groups of mounting rings 411 at equal intervals along the axial direction to the edge of the second retaining frame 41. Each group of mounting rings 411 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 12 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction. The aperture of the mounting hole 12 and the diameter tolerance of the first ball 7 are clearance fit. The plurality of first balls 7 are installed one by one in the mounting holes 12 located on the mounting ring 411, so that the first ball 7 can roll smoothly along the second retaining frame 41.

[0030] It should be noted here that the number of first balls 7 can be increased or reduced according to design requirements or the actual size of the second retaining frame 41, and the number of mounting holes 12 is the same as the number of first balls 7, so that a first ball 7 is installed in any mounting hole 12. Because their functions are the same and they are expressed in quantitative terms, their specific number is not limited here.

[0031] Therefore, in this embodiment, the axial rotation of the inner ring 2 is achieved by the cooperation of the first ball 7 and the second ball 8, forming a point contact between the inner ring 2 and the first outer ring 1, so as to reduce the starting static friction resistance borne by the inner ring 2 during axial rotation, and is conducive to eliminating the dead zone caused by static friction (that is, the inner ring 2 cannot stay at the designated location). When a force is applied to the inner ring 2 to drive the inner ring 2 to rotate along the first outer ring 1, compared with the method of using cylindrical rollers 51 in the axial direction, when the force disappears and the inner ring 2 is inhibited from rotating along the first outer ring 1, the inner ring 2 can stop rotating quickly, and there will be no problem of the inner ring 2 micro-moving again due to the action of inertia and friction torque after the inhibitory force disappears.

[0032] In addition, the cooperation between the first ball 7 and the second ball 8 reduces the contact area with the first outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2, which helps to reduce the heat generated by rolling friction.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The radial rotation assembly 5 further includes a first retaining frame 52 , and a plurality of cylindrical rollers 51 are evenly distributed axially along the first retaining frame 52 .

[0034] Specifically, the outer contour of the cylindrical roller 51 is set to be cylindrical, and the first retaining frame 52 is penetrated by the circumferential outer wall along the thickness direction to open a mounting position 522 with the same number as the cylindrical roller 51, and the interval between each two adjacent mounting positions 522 is the same. The shape of the mounting position 522 is adapted to the longitudinal cross-sectional contour of the cylindrical roller 51. The first retaining frame 52 is used to limit the spacing between two adjacent cylindrical rollers 51 when they rotate along the rotation position 3, so as to avoid mechanical interference between the two adjacent cylindrical rollers 51 during rotation, thereby causing friction between the two adjacent cylindrical rollers 51.

[0035] Furthermore, a retaining position 10 is provided on the rotation position 3 near the limiting groove 6, and the first retaining frame 52 is located within the retaining position 10. The retaining position 10 is located in the limiting groove 6, and the diameter of the retaining position 10 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting groove 6. The width of the retaining position 10 and the tolerance fit of the first retaining frame 52 are a clearance fit, thereby reducing the probability of mechanical friction between the first retaining frame 52 and the retaining position 10 when the first retaining frame 52 rotates along the rotation position 3.

[0036] At the same time, the inner wall of the rotation position 3, where it contacts the cylindrical roller 51, is circumferentially defined with a limiting groove 6. The height of the limiting groove 6 and the height of the cylindrical roller 51 have a tolerance relationship of transition fit, where "transition fit" is a term used in the field of mechanical component assembly to denote a tolerance relationship. Therefore, during installation, several cylindrical rollers are first sequentially placed into the limiting groove 6. Subsequently, the first retaining frame 52 is placed into the retaining position 10, and the position of the cylindrical roller 51 within the limiting groove 6 is adjusted so that any cylindrical roller 51 within the limiting groove 6 is positioned within its corresponding installation position 522.

[0037] Correspondingly, refer to Figure 5A stress relief opening 521 is provided on the first retaining frame 52, and the width of the stress relief opening 521 is between 3mm and 5mm. The stress relief opening 521 is formed by cutting any one of the first retaining frames 52, so that the first retaining frame 52 is in a non-closed loop state. When the plurality of cylindrical rollers 51 roll along the limiting groove 6, the first retaining frame 52 will follow the plurality of cylindrical rollers 51 to move along the rotation position 3. The first retaining frame 52 will be subjected to the shear force applied by the plurality of cylindrical rollers 51 along the tangential direction of the first retaining frame 52. At this time, the first retaining frame 52 will be deformed. Since the stress relief opening 521 is provided on the first retaining frame 52, part of the shear force borne by the first retaining frame 52 when rotating along the rotation position 3 will be discharged through the stress relief incision. When the first retaining frame 52 stops rotating along the rotation position 3, the shear force will disappear, so that the first retaining frame 52 can recover its deformation.

[0038] Therefore, since the first retaining frame 52 is in a non-closed loop state, when the first retaining frame 52 is deformed, the width of the stress release opening 521 will be reduced to avoid the problem of excessive shear force applied to the first retaining frame 52 by the cylindrical rollers 51 when the first retaining frame 52 rotates along the rotation position 3, causing the first retaining frame 52 to deform, thereby causing mechanical friction between the first retaining frame 52 and the inner ring 2 or the first outer ring 1.

[0039] During the assembly process, several first balls 7 are first placed in the mounting holes 12 of the second retaining frame 41 in sequence, so that a first ball 7 is placed in each mounting hole 12 on the second retaining frame 41, and then the second retaining frame 41 with the first balls 7 is placed in the rotation position 3.

[0040] Subsequently, several cylindrical rollers 51 are placed in the limiting groove 6 in turn. Since a stress release opening 521 is provided on the first retaining frame 52, a force is applied to the first retaining frame 52 during the process of placing the first retaining frame 52 into the retaining position 10, thereby reducing the diameter enclosed by the first retaining frame 52, so as to facilitate the first retaining frame 52 to be quickly placed into the retaining position 10.

[0041] Correspondingly, after the second retaining frame 41 equipped with the first balls 7 is placed in the rotation position 3 and the several cylindrical rollers 51 are confined in the limiting groove 6 by the first retaining frame 52, the inner ring 2 is placed in the rotation position 3. At this time, the surface of the inner ring 2 facing the second retaining frame 41 will be in contact with the several first balls 7, and the outer wall of the inner ring 2 along the circumferential direction will be in contact with the several cylindrical rollers 51.

[0042] Furthermore, several second balls 8 are placed in the mounting holes 12 of the third retaining frame 42 in sequence, so that a second ball 8 is placed in each mounting hole 12 on the third retaining frame 42. Finally, the third retaining frame 42 with the second balls 8 is placed on the surface of the inner ring 2 facing away from the second retaining frame 41. At this time, the inner ring 2 and the several second balls 8 are in abutment state.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 A second outer ring 9 is provided on the first outer ring 1 near the rotation position 3 , and the inner diameter of the second outer ring 9 is the same as the inner diameter of the first outer ring 9 .

[0044] Among them, the outer contour of the second outer ring 9 is set in a circular ring shape, and the surface of the second outer ring 9 abutting against the first outer ring 1 is flat. After the complete assembly process, the second outer ring 9 is placed on the first outer ring 1. At this time, several second balls 8 are respectively abutted against the surface of the inner ring 2 and the surface of the second outer ring 9, and the rotation position 3 is blocked by the second outer ring 9, so that the inner ring 2 can stably rotate coaxially along the first outer ring 1.

[0045] Furthermore, a plurality of fixing bolt holes 13 are circumferentially opened at the edge of the surface of the first outer ring 1, and a plurality of connecting holes 14, the same number as the fixing bolt holes 13, are circumferentially opened at the edge of the surface of the second outer ring 9. After the second outer ring 9 is covered on the first outer ring 1, bolts are used to achieve fixed connection between the first outer ring 1 and the second outer ring 9 through the cooperation of the fixing bolt holes 13 and the connecting holes 14.

[0046] The width of the rotating portion 3 between the first outer ring 1 and the second outer ring 9 is set to a, the thickness of the inner ring 2 is set to b, the diameter of the first ball 7 is set to c, and the diameter of the second ball 8 is set to d. After assembly, the state of b+c+d=a is achieved, so that the inner ring 2 can stably rotate along the first outer ring 1.

[0047] Therefore, when the inner ring 2 rotates along the rotation position 3, the friction force generated between the inner ring 2 and the first outer ring 1 is shared by the first balls 7 and the second balls 8 through the cooperation of several first balls 7 and several second balls 8. Compared with the two-dimensional turntable bearing that uses cylindrical rollers 51 to achieve axial rotation, the effective area of ​​the rolling friction force between the inner ring 2 and the first outer ring 1 is reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the rolling friction force between the upper and lower surfaces of the inner ring 2 along the thickness direction and the rotation position 3, thereby reducing the friction torque of the inner ring 2 when starting along the first outer ring 1, which is beneficial to improving the rotation flexibility and working speed of the astronomical telescope during operation.

[0048] In addition, the axial rotation assembly 4 and the radial rotation assembly 5 are independent modular structures, which is convenient for assembly and also convenient for maintenance or replacement of the axial rotation assembly 4 and / or the radial rotation assembly 5 .

[0049] At the same time, the first retainer 52, the second retainer 41 and the third retainer 42 are all made of copper material, which takes advantage of the excellent thermal conductivity and wear resistance of copper material, and plays a positive guiding role in maintaining the service life of the first retainer 52, the second retainer 41 and the third retainer 42.

[0050] Correspondingly, the inner ring 2 extends in the axial direction and is integrally formed with a fixing portion 11. The diameter enclosed by the fixing portion 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first outer ring 1, and the fixing portion 11 is penetrated by a fixing hole 111 along the thickness direction, which is used to connect with the lens barrel and imaging system of the astronomical telescope, so that the lens barrel and imaging system can stably follow the inner ring 2 to rotate along the first outer ring 1.

[0051] Reference Figure 4 A radial oil filling hole 15 is opened along the outside of the first outer ring 1 to the rotation position 3, and an oil cup 16 (an industrial lubrication device) is installed on the oil filling hole on the outer wall of the first outer ring 1. Grease is injected into the rotation position 3 through the oil cup 16 through the oil filling hole to reduce the rolling friction of the inner ring 2 when rotating along the first outer ring 1, which plays a positive guiding role in improving the smoothness of the rotation of the inner ring 2 along the first outer ring 1.

[0052] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope, characterized by: The invention comprises a first outer ring (1) and an inner ring (2), wherein the inner wall of the first outer ring (1) is provided with a rotation position (3) along the circumferential direction, and an axial rotation component (4) and a radial rotation component (5) are arranged in the rotation position (3), wherein the axial rotation component (4) comprises a first ball assembly and a second ball assembly, and the inner ring (2) is rotatably supported in the rotation position (3) between the first ball assembly and the second ball assembly, and the radial rotation component (5) comprises a plurality of cylindrical rollers (51), and the plurality of cylindrical rollers (51) are in rolling engagement with the first outer ring (1), and when the inner ring (2) is located in the rotation position (3), the outer wall of the inner ring (2) along the circumferential direction abuts against the plurality of cylindrical rollers (51).

2. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting groove (6) is provided along the circumferential direction on the inner wall of the rotation position (3) abutting against the columnar roller (51); the height of the limiting groove (6) and the height tolerance of the columnar roller (51) are transition fit.

3. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radial rotation assembly (5) further comprises a first retaining frame (52), and a plurality of the columnar rollers (51) are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction along the first retaining frame (52).

4. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial rotation assembly (4) further includes a second retaining frame (41) and a third retaining frame (42), the first ball assembly includes a plurality of first balls (7), and the plurality of first balls (7) are evenly distributed on the second retaining frame (41), and the second ball assembly includes a plurality of second balls (8), and the plurality of second balls (8) are evenly distributed on the third retaining frame (42).

5. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second outer ring (9) is provided on the first outer ring (1) near the rotation position (3), and the inner diameter of the second outer ring (9) is the same as the inner diameter of the first outer ring (1).

6. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 3, characterized in that: A retaining position (10) is provided on the rotating position (3) near the limiting groove (6), and the first retaining frame (52) is located in the retaining position (10).

7. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring (2) extends in the axial direction and is integrally formed with a fixing portion (11).

8. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first retaining frame (52), the second retaining frame (41) and the third retaining frame (42) are all made of copper material.

9. The two-dimensional turntable bearing for an astronomical telescope according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first retaining frame (52) is provided with a stress release opening (521).

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