Optical cable fault early warning method and system based on optical cable routing general survey instrument

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical cable faults, in particular to an optical cable fault early warning method and system based on an optical cable routing survey instrument, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a signal oscillogram of each optical cable through the optical cable routing survey instrument; extracting each prominent envelope and the corresponding occurrence time thereof from the signal oscillogram; calculating a first evaluation value of each prominent envelope; calculating an envelope approximation degree, and determining a second evaluation value of each prominent envelope; the method comprises the following steps of: obtaining an interference coefficient of each prominent envelope, obtaining a prominent envelope generated by interference, removing the interfered prominent envelope from a signal oscillogram, carrying out detection and early warning on an optical cable fault by utilizing the signal oscillogram after the removal is completed, and positioning the optical cable fault. According to the invention, the prominent envelope generated by the external environment interference is eliminated, the influence of the external environment interference on the signal oscillogram is effectively reduced, the signal oscillogram retains the signal characteristics of the real fault, and the accuracy of optical cable fault detection and early warning is improved, so that the position of the optical cable fault is accurately positioned.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of optical cable fault detection, and in particular to an optical cable fault early warning method and system based on an optical cable route survey instrument. Background Art

[0002] In modern communications networks, optical cables serve as a key medium for information transmission. Their performance and reliability are crucial to the stable operation of communication systems. Optical cables are susceptible to aging, damage, and breakage due to complex natural environments and human factors. These cable failures can lead to communication interruptions and significant economic losses. The Optical Cable Route Surveyor incorporates advanced fiber optic sensing technology to detect and provide early warning of optical cable faults.

[0003] When detecting optical cable faults, the optical cable route survey instrument mainly applies vibration to the optical cable by manual tapping, and analyzes the changes in the signal waveform to determine whether there is a fault in the optical cable. However, since optical cables are usually laid in complex environments, they are easily affected by multiple sources of interference from the external environment. For example, the optical cable vibration caused by construction machinery and vehicle traffic. The signals generated by these external interference sources have similar characteristics to the fault signals generated by manual tapping, and it is difficult to distinguish the fault signal waveform from the signal waveform of environmental interference, resulting in misjudgment and omission of detection and early warning of optical cable faults, affecting the accuracy and reliability of optical cable fault detection and positioning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, an optical cable fault early warning method and system based on an optical cable route survey instrument are provided to solve the existing problems.

[0005] The solution to the technical problem of this application is to provide an optical cable fault early warning method and system based on an optical cable route survey instrument, comprising the following steps: In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical cable fault early warning method based on an optical cable route survey instrument, the method comprising the following steps: Use the optical cable route survey instrument to obtain the signal waveform of each optical cable; Based on the peak changes of all signal intensities within a preset time period in the signal waveform, prominent peaks are obtained, and the changes in signal intensities on both sides of each prominent peak in each time period are analyzed to extract each prominent envelope and its corresponding occurrence time from the signal waveform; Analyze the intervals between adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope, the fluctuations in the number of peaks contained in different prominent envelopes within the time period to which each prominent envelope belongs, and the randomness of the corresponding appearance moments of the prominent envelopes, and calculate a first evaluation value for each prominent envelope; Calculate the envelope similarity between any prominent envelope in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveform of the other optical cables based on the similarity in shape and the difference in the time when the prominent envelopes appear. Determine the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope based on the difference in the number of prominent envelopes in the signal waveforms of different optical cables in the same time period. Based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, the interference coefficient of each prominent envelope is obtained, the interference condition of the prominent envelope is evaluated, the prominent envelope caused by the interference is obtained, the interfered prominent envelope is removed from the signal waveform diagram, and the signal waveform diagram after the removal is completed is used to detect and warn the optical cable fault, and locate the optical cable fault.

[0006] Preferably, the acquisition process of the prominent peak is: Obtain the peaks and troughs of the signal strength at all times in each time period in the signal waveform; A segmentation threshold of the peak values ​​of all peaks in each time period is obtained and recorded as a first segmentation threshold value, and peaks whose peak values ​​are greater than or equal to the first segmentation threshold value are recorded as prominent peaks.

[0007] Preferably, extracting each prominent envelope and its corresponding occurrence time from the signal waveform diagram includes: The moment when the signal strength in the signal waveform is 0 is recorded as the baseline moment. For the signal waveform of each optical cable, the moment corresponding to the trough closest to the left of each prominent peak in each time period is recorded as the starting moment. The moment corresponding to the baseline closest to the right of each prominent peak is recorded as the ending moment. The envelope between the start time and the end time is extracted from the signal waveform diagram and recorded as a prominent envelope, wherein the time corresponding to each prominent peak is used as the appearance time corresponding to the prominent envelope.

[0008] Preferably, the calculating of the first evaluation value of each prominent envelope includes: Analyze the difference in the interval length between the adjacent peaks of each prominent envelope and the other prominent envelopes in its time period, and calculate the average relative difference of each prominent envelope; Counting the total number of all peaks in each prominent envelope; calculating the degree of dispersion of the total number of all prominent envelopes in each time period, recorded as the first dispersion; The degree of discreteness of the time interval between the appearance time of each prominent envelope and the appearance time of all other prominent envelopes in the corresponding time period is recorded as the second discreteness; Calculating a cumulative sum of the first dispersion and the second dispersion; The first evaluation value is the product of the accumulated sum and the average relative difference.

[0009] Preferably, the average relative difference is calculated as follows: Calculate the average of the time intervals between the corresponding moments of any two adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope; The average relative difference is the mean of the differences between each prominent envelope and the average values ​​of all other prominent envelopes in the time period to which it belongs.

[0010] Preferably, the envelope approximation is calculated as follows: For any prominent envelope of the signal waveform of each optical cable in each time period, all prominent envelopes of the signal waveforms of the remaining optical cables in the same time period are recorded as reference envelopes; Calculating the similarity between any prominent envelope and each reference envelope; calculating the difference in appearance time between any prominent envelope and each reference envelope, recording it as a time difference; recording the ratio of the similarity to the time difference as a first ratio; The envelope approximation is the sum of first ratios between any prominent envelope and all reference envelopes of the remaining optical cables in the same time period.

[0011] Preferably, determining the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope includes: The difference between the number of all prominent envelopes in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the number of all prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveforms of the other optical cables is recorded as the quantity difference; the ratio of the envelope similarity to the quantity difference is recorded as the second ratio; The second evaluation value is the sum of the second ratios between any one of the prominent envelopes and all other optical cables in the same time period.

[0012] Preferably, the interference coefficient is a normalized result of the product of the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value.

[0013] Preferably, the acquisition of the protruding envelope caused by interference includes: obtaining a segmentation threshold of the interference coefficient of all protruding envelopes in the signal waveform diagram of each optical cable, recorded as a second segmentation threshold; and recording the protruding envelope in the signal waveform diagram of each optical cable whose interference coefficient is greater than or equal to the second segmentation threshold as the protruding envelope caused by interference.

[0014] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides an optical cable fault warning system based on an optical cable route surveyor, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned optical cable fault warning methods based on an optical cable route surveyor are implemented.

[0015] This application has at least the following beneficial effects: The present application obtains prominent peaks and extracts prominent envelopes from the signal waveform diagram, and its beneficial effect is that the prominent peaks are used to screen out peaks with slight and significant signal changes, and those peaks with weak signal strength that may be caused by noise or slight interference are filtered out, and then the prominent envelopes are extracted for subsequent analysis of the signal change characteristics of the prominent envelopes; the first evaluation value of each prominent envelope is calculated, and its beneficial effect is that the randomness of the appearance of different prominent envelopes in each time period, as well as the volatility of the number of peaks contained in different prominent envelopes and the suddenness of the appearance of peaks are taken into account, so as to reflect the possibility that the prominent envelope is caused by external environmental interference; the envelope similarity between any prominent envelope and the remaining optical cables is calculated, and its beneficial effect is that the temporal proximity of the appearance of similar-shaped prominent envelopes between different optical cables in the same time period is taken into account, reflecting the situation where multiple optical cables are simultaneously affected by the same interference source, resulting in the appearance of similar envelopes in the same time period, and evaluating the influence of the prominent envelope on the external environment. The possibility of being caused by environmental interference; determining the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope, which has the beneficial effect of taking into account the similar envelope morphological characteristics and envelope quantity differences of different optical cables in the same time period, so as to further evaluate whether the prominent envelope is affected by external interference, thereby reducing misjudgment and missed judgment; obtaining the interference coefficient of each prominent envelope, which has the beneficial effect of comprehensively evaluating the possibility that the prominent envelope is caused by external environmental interference of the optical cable; evaluating the interference situation of the prominent envelope, obtaining the prominent envelope caused by the interference, removing the interfered prominent envelope from the signal waveform diagram, and using the signal waveform diagram after the removal to detect and warn the optical cable fault, and locate the optical cable fault, which has the beneficial effect of effectively reducing the impact of external environmental interference on the signal waveform diagram by removing the prominent envelope caused by external environmental interference, so that the signal waveform diagram retains the signal characteristics of the real fault, improves the accuracy of optical cable fault detection and warning, and accurately locates the optical cable fault position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The following is a further detailed description of an optical cable fault warning method based on an optical cable route surveyor of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps of an optical cable fault early warning method based on an optical cable route survey instrument provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of a method for obtaining a prominent envelope caused by interference provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples, further describes in detail the optical cable fault warning method and system based on an optical cable route survey instrument proposed in this application. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0019] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0020] See also Figure 1 , which shows a flowchart of a method for early warning of optical cable faults based on an optical cable route survey instrument provided by an embodiment of the present application, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Use an optical cable route surveyor to obtain the signal waveform of each optical cable.

[0021] The demand for optical cables in today's communications industry is increasing daily. The more cables are laid and the longer they are laid, the more likely they are to fail. The Optical Cable Route Finder is a commonly used optical cable locating and testing tool in communications projects. It can quickly locate target cables, allowing for inventory and emergency repair and maintenance. The Optical Cable Route Finder offers high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capabilities, a user-friendly interface, ease of operation, is non-toxic and harmless, and does not damage optical cables. It significantly reduces the time required for optical cable network management and emergency repair and maintenance, lowering project construction and management costs while improving the efficiency of construction and maintenance personnel.

[0022] The optical cable route survey instrument uses the principle of optical fiber interference. By applying vibration to the optical cable to be tested, the laser in the survey instrument emits a beam of laser, which is divided into two beams by a coupler and enters different paths respectively. The vibration of the optical cable changes the propagation path of the light in the optical cable, causing the two beams of light to interfere in the detector, thereby generating a phase change to identify and locate the target optical cable.

[0023] Based on the above analysis, a dedicated jumper is used in the equipment room / outdoor ODF rack to connect the optical cable routing survey instrument to the flange connector of the equipment room optical cable distribution frame. A hammer or other tool is used to strike the optical cable at the remote location to apply vibration. The signal waveforms of different optical cables in the same optical cable working shaft are tested. In this embodiment, the optical cable is a single-core optical cable, and the detection channel of the optical cable routing survey instrument is 64 channels, that is, a maximum of 64 single-core optical cables can be tested at a time. The test wavelength of the optical cable routing survey instrument is set to 1550nm, and the test time is 60s. As other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to actual conditions.

[0024] At this point, the signal waveform of each optical cable in the same optical cable working well is obtained.

[0025] Step 2: Based on the changes in the peaks of all signal intensities within the preset time period in the signal waveform diagram, obtain the prominent peaks, analyze the changes in the signal intensities on both sides of each prominent peak in each time period, and extract each prominent envelope and its corresponding appearance time from the signal waveform diagram; analyze the intervals between adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope, the fluctuations in the number of peaks contained in different prominent envelopes within the time period to which each prominent envelope belongs, and the randomness of the corresponding appearance time of the prominent envelope, and calculate the first evaluation value of each prominent envelope.

[0026] Generally speaking, the types of optical cable faults mainly include: fiber breakage, bending loss, environmental corrosion and other fault situations. During the daily maintenance of optical cables, fiber breakage and environmental corrosion have the greatest impact, which will cause the optical cable signal to disappear. They are easier to detect and locate during the detection process. However, for the fault situation of bending loss, due to the different degrees of bending loss of the optical cable, the degree of waveform change generated during the detection process is also different. When a relatively mild bending loss occurs, it may be similar to the waveform generated by the interference of the optical cable itself, such as construction vibration, vibration caused by vehicle driving, etc., making it difficult to identify the bending loss fault.

[0027] Secondly, when there is vibration interference from construction sites and passing vehicles, the interference from the environment is highly chaotic due to different sources, directions, and distances from the optical cable. Therefore, the signal waveform appears as an irregular waveform with significant overall morphology. The combined effects of various interferences can cause multiple peaks to overlap or be closely connected, forming a large envelope. Bending an optical cable can cause loss, but after bending, the cable typically does not recover on its own. Its state is relatively stable and does not fluctuate as frequently as construction vibration. The resulting waveform is more regular and continuous.

[0028] Based on the above analysis, by analyzing the changes in the peaks in the signal waveform, a first evaluation value is calculated to assess the possibility that the signal change is caused by environmental interference, specifically: Divide all moments in the signal waveform into multiple time periods; In this embodiment, the duration of the time period is 10 seconds. As for other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to actual conditions.

[0029] Obtain the peaks and troughs of the signal strength at all times in each time period in the signal waveform; In this embodiment, the AMPD (Automatic Multiscale-based Peak Detection) algorithm is used to obtain peaks and troughs. The AMPD algorithm is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0030] Obtaining a segmentation threshold of the peak values ​​of all peaks in each time period, recording it as a first segmentation threshold, and recording peaks with a peak value greater than or equal to the first segmentation threshold as prominent peaks; In this embodiment, a cross-validation method is used to obtain the segmentation threshold, wherein the cross-validation method is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as the Otsu threshold segmentation algorithm, etc. This embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0031] The moment when the signal strength in the signal waveform is 0 is recorded as the baseline moment; The time corresponding to the trough closest to the left side of each prominent peak in each time period is recorded as the starting time; the time corresponding to the baseline closest to the right side of each prominent peak is recorded as the ending time; Extract the envelope from the start time to the end time in the signal waveform diagram, record it as the prominent envelope, and the time corresponding to each prominent peak as the appearance time corresponding to the prominent envelope; It should be noted that if The prominent envelope corresponding to the prominent peak completely contains the The prominent envelopes corresponding to the prominent peaks are merged to avoid the overlap of multiple prominent envelopes. The appearance time of the merged prominent envelope is the The moment corresponding to the prominent peak.

[0032] Calculate the average of the time intervals between the corresponding moments of any two adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope; The average of the differences between each prominent envelope and the average of all other prominent envelopes in the time period to which it belongs is recorded as the average relative difference; In this embodiment, the average of the absolute values ​​of the differences between each prominent envelope and the average values ​​of all other prominent envelopes in the time period to which it belongs is recorded as the average relative difference.

[0033] Counting the total number of all peaks in each prominent envelope; calculating the degree of dispersion of the total number of all prominent envelopes in each time period, recorded as the first dispersion; In this embodiment, the degree of dispersion is measured by calculating the variance of the number of all prominent envelopes in each time period. As other implementation methods, the implementer may adopt other methods of the prior art, such as standard deviation, etc., and there is no special limitation on this in this embodiment.

[0034] The degree of discreteness of the time interval between the appearance time of each prominent envelope and the appearance time of all other prominent envelopes in the corresponding time period is recorded as the second discreteness; In this embodiment, the degree of discreteness is measured by calculating the variance of the time interval between the appearance moment corresponding to each prominent envelope and the appearance moment corresponding to all other prominent envelopes in the corresponding time period. As other implementation methods, the implementer may adopt other methods of the prior art, such as standard deviation, etc., and there is no special limitation on this in this embodiment.

[0035] calculating a cumulative sum of the first dispersion and the second dispersion, and multiplying the cumulative sum by the average relative difference as a first evaluation value of each prominent envelope; In this embodiment, for Signal waveform of the fiber optic cable, Within the time period The calculation formula for the first evaluation value of a prominent envelope is:

[0036] in, For the A first evaluation of the salient envelope, For the The prominent envelope belongs to The first discreteness of the time period, For the A second discreteness of the prominent envelope, For the The average value of the prominent envelopes, For the The average value of the prominent envelopes, For the The prominent envelope belongs to The number of all prominent envelopes in a time period, where is the average relative difference.

[0037] It should be noted that the larger the first discreteness is, the greater the difference in the total number of peaks between the prominent envelopes is, reflecting that the signal changes of the prominent envelope are more complex and are more affected by environmental interference; the larger the second discreteness is, the greater the difference in the time intervals of the prominent envelopes is, reflecting that the appearance of the prominent envelopes is more random and more likely to be caused by environmental interference; the larger the average relative difference is, the greater the difference in the peak intervals of different prominent envelopes is, the appearance of peaks is sudden, and may be affected by more external interference; the larger the obtained first evaluation value is, the more likely the prominent envelope is to be caused by external environmental interference.

[0038] At this point, the first evaluation value of each protrusion envelope is obtained.

[0039] Step 3: Calculate the envelope similarity between any prominent envelope in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveform of the other optical cables based on the similarity in shape and the difference in the time when the prominent envelopes appear. Combined with the difference in the number of prominent envelopes in the signal waveforms of different optical cables in the same time period, determine the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope.

[0040] Furthermore, when the environment in which the optical cable is located is subject to relatively regular influences and similar interference sources, for example, regular and continuous vibrations of large construction equipment, the vibration interference to the optical cable within a certain period of time is similar. As a result, the prominent envelope in the signal waveform diagram measured by the optical cable route survey instrument has a similar shape, a high degree of regularity, and a long duration, and is highly similar to the envelope generated when the optical cable is bent.

[0041] Secondly, different optical cables in the same area or similar locations are subject to similar environmental interference. When there is construction equipment nearby, different optical cables in the same optical cable working shaft are subject to similar vibration effects from the interference source of the construction equipment in the environment. Therefore, the shapes of the prominent envelopes in the signal waveforms of different optical cables are highly similar, the time when the prominent envelopes appear is relatively close, and the number of prominent envelopes in the same time period is similar.

[0042] Based on the above analysis, the second evaluation value is calculated by taking into account the similarity of the morphology of the protruding envelopes of different optical cables in the same time period, as well as the similarity of the occurrence time and number of the protruding envelopes. Specifically, it is: For any prominent envelope of the signal waveform of each optical cable in each time period, all prominent envelopes of the signal waveforms of the remaining optical cables in the same time period are recorded as reference envelopes; Calculating the similarity between any of the protruding envelopes and each reference envelope; In this embodiment, the similarity is calculated by calculating the cosine similarity of the signal strength between any prominent envelope and each reference envelope. The calculation of the cosine similarity is a well-known technique and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Calculate the difference in appearance time between any prominent envelope and each reference envelope, and record it as time difference; In this embodiment, the absolute value of the difference between the appearance time of any prominent envelope and each reference envelope is calculated and recorded as the time difference.

[0044] Recording the ratio of the similarity to the time difference as a first ratio, and calculating the sum of the first ratios between any prominent envelope and all reference envelopes of the remaining optical cables in the same time period as the envelope similarity between any prominent envelope and the remaining optical cables; The difference between the number of all prominent envelopes in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the number of all prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveform of the other optical cables is recorded as the quantity difference; Recording the ratio of the envelope approximation to the quantity difference as a second ratio, and taking the sum of the second ratios between any prominent envelope and all other optical cables in the same time period as a second evaluation value of any prominent envelope; In this embodiment, for The signal waveform of the optical fiber cable During this time period, The calculation formula for the second evaluation value of a prominent envelope is:

[0045] in, For the A second evaluation of the salient envelope, For the A prominent envelope and the The envelope similarity between the cables, For the The prominent envelope belongs to The number of all prominent envelopes in a time period, For the The signal waveform of the optical fiber cable is shown in the The number of all prominent envelopes in a time period, is the number of all optical cables, To preset a value greater than 0 to avoid the denominator being 0, in this embodiment, The value is 0.1. As other implementation methods, the implementer can set it according to the actual situation. The calculation formula is:

[0046] in, For the A prominent envelope and the The envelope similarity between the cables, For the Within the time period A prominent envelope and the The fiber optic cable Within the time period The degree of similarity between the salient envelopes; For the Within the time period The corresponding appearance time of the prominent envelope is For the The fiber optic cable Within the time period The corresponding appearance time of the prominent envelope is Indicates the The fiber optic cable The number of all prominent envelopes in a time period, is a preset value greater than 0, where is the quantity difference, For the time difference.

[0047] It should be noted that, the greater the degree of similarity, the higher the morphological similarity of the two prominent envelopes, the smaller the time difference, the closer the time of appearance of the two prominent envelopes, the larger the obtained first ratio, the higher the envelope similarity, indicating that any prominent envelope is close to the reference envelope in time and signal strength, and multiple optical cables show similar envelope characteristics in the same time period, reflecting that the possibility of multiple optical cables being affected by the same interference source at the same time is higher; the smaller the quantity difference, the consistent effect of the interference duration and intensity on multiple optical cables, the larger the obtained second evaluation value, indicating the existence of a strong synchronous interference source, reflecting that the prominent envelope appearing in each time period is more likely to be caused by the synchronous impact of external environmental interference on multiple optical cables, rather than a fault envelope generated by the optical cable itself.

[0048] At this point, the second evaluation value of each protrusion envelope is obtained.

[0049] Step 4: Based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, the interference coefficient of each prominent envelope is obtained, the interference condition of the prominent envelope is evaluated, the prominent envelope caused by the interference is obtained, the interfered prominent envelope is removed from the signal waveform, and the signal waveform after the removal is completed is used to detect and warn the optical cable fault, and locate the optical cable fault.

[0050] Furthermore, based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope, an interference coefficient is determined, specifically: Normalizing the product of the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value as the interference coefficient of each prominent envelope; In this embodiment, the sigmoid function is used for normalization processing, wherein the sigmoid function is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as the softmax function, the tanh function, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0051] It should be noted that the interference coefficient indicates that the greater the possibility that the waveform of a single protruding envelope is caused by interference of the optical cable by the external environment, the greater the possibility that the protruding envelope is caused by interference, and the smaller the possibility that the optical cable itself has a bending fault.

[0052] Obtaining a segmentation threshold of the interference coefficients of all prominent envelopes in the signal waveform of each optical cable, recorded as a second segmentation threshold; In this embodiment, a cross-validation method is used to obtain the segmentation threshold, wherein the cross-validation method is a well-known technology and will not be described in detail here. As other implementation methods, the implementer can adopt other methods of the existing technology, such as the Otsu threshold segmentation algorithm, etc. This embodiment does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0053] The protruding envelope in the signal waveform of each optical cable whose interference coefficient is greater than or equal to the second segmentation threshold is recorded as the protruding envelope caused by interference. The protruding envelope caused by interference in the signal waveform is eliminated, and the fault of the optical cable is detected and judged based on the signal waveform after elimination, and the fault is located.

[0054] It should be noted that the more likely the prominent envelope with an interference coefficient greater than or equal to the second segmentation threshold is that the corresponding optical cable is interfered with by the external environment, the more it should be eliminated; secondly, the waveform change characteristics of the envelope in the signal waveform diagram after the elimination are used to determine whether the optical cable has a fault, an alarm is issued for the faulty optical cable, and the optical cable fault is located based on the time when the fault envelope appears and the speed of light propagation. The process of fault detection and positioning through the signal waveform diagram of the optical cable route survey instrument is a well-known technology and will not be repeated here. The step flow chart of the method for obtaining the prominent envelope caused by interference provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0055] Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, an embodiment of the present application also provides an optical cable fault warning system based on an optical cable route surveyor, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned optical cable fault warning methods based on an optical cable route surveyor are implemented.

[0056] It should be understood that although Figure 1 The steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified in this document, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. In addition, Figure 1 At least part of the steps may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the present application. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments made in accordance with the technical essence of the present application without departing from the content of the present application's technical solution fall within the scope of protection of the present application's technical solution.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of optical cable faults based on an optical cable route survey instrument, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Use the optical cable route survey instrument to obtain the signal waveform of each optical cable; Based on the peak changes of all signal intensities within a preset time period in the signal waveform, prominent peaks are obtained, and the changes in signal intensities on both sides of each prominent peak in each time period are analyzed to extract each prominent envelope and its corresponding occurrence time from the signal waveform; Analyze the intervals between adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope, the fluctuations in the number of peaks contained in different prominent envelopes within the time period to which each prominent envelope belongs, and the randomness of the corresponding appearance moments of the prominent envelopes, and calculate a first evaluation value for each prominent envelope; Calculate the envelope similarity between any prominent envelope in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveform of the other optical cables based on the similarity in shape and the difference in the time when the prominent envelopes appear. Determine the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope based on the difference in the number of prominent envelopes in the signal waveforms of different optical cables in the same time period. Based on the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value, the interference coefficient of each prominent envelope is obtained, the interference condition of the prominent envelope is evaluated, the prominent envelope caused by the interference is obtained, the interfered prominent envelope is removed from the signal waveform diagram, and the signal waveform diagram after the removal is completed is used to detect and warn the optical cable fault, and locate the optical cable fault.

2. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition process of the prominent peak is: Obtain the peaks and troughs of the signal strength at all times in each time period in the signal waveform; A segmentation threshold of the peak values ​​of all peaks in each time period is obtained and recorded as a first segmentation threshold value, and peaks whose peak values ​​are greater than or equal to the first segmentation threshold value are recorded as prominent peaks.

3. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of extracting each prominent envelope and its corresponding occurrence time from the signal waveform diagram includes: The moment when the signal strength in the signal waveform is 0 is recorded as the baseline moment. For the signal waveform of each optical cable, the moment corresponding to the trough closest to the left of each prominent peak in each time period is recorded as the starting moment. The moment corresponding to the baseline closest to the right of each prominent peak is recorded as the ending moment. The envelope between the start time and the end time is extracted from the signal waveform diagram and recorded as a prominent envelope, wherein the time corresponding to each prominent peak is used as the appearance time corresponding to the prominent envelope.

4. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating of the first evaluation value of each prominent envelope includes: Analyze the difference in the interval length between the adjacent peaks of each prominent envelope and the other prominent envelopes in its time period, and calculate the average relative difference of each prominent envelope; Counting the total number of all peaks in each prominent envelope; calculating the degree of dispersion of the total number of all prominent envelopes in each time period, recorded as the first dispersion; The degree of discreteness of the time interval between the appearance time of each prominent envelope and the appearance time of all other prominent envelopes in the corresponding time period is recorded as the second discreteness; Calculating a cumulative sum of the first dispersion and the second dispersion; The first evaluation value is the product of the accumulated sum and the average relative difference.

5. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that: The average relative difference is calculated as follows: Calculate the average of the time intervals between the corresponding moments of any two adjacent peaks in each prominent envelope; The average relative difference is the mean of the differences between each prominent envelope and the average values ​​of all other prominent envelopes in the time period to which it belongs.

6. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation process of the envelope approximation is: For any prominent envelope of the signal waveform of each optical cable in each time period, all prominent envelopes of the signal waveforms of the remaining optical cables in the same time period are recorded as reference envelopes; Calculating the similarity between any of the protruding envelopes and each reference envelope; Calculate the difference in appearance time between any prominent envelope and each reference envelope, and record it as time difference; Recording the ratio of the similarity to the time difference as a first ratio; The envelope approximation is the sum of first ratios between any prominent envelope and all reference envelopes of the remaining optical cables in the same time period.

7. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the second evaluation value of each prominent envelope includes: The difference between the number of all prominent envelopes in each time period of the signal waveform of each optical cable and the number of all prominent envelopes in the same time period of the signal waveforms of the other optical cables is recorded as the quantity difference; the ratio of the envelope similarity to the quantity difference is recorded as the second ratio; The second evaluation value is the sum of the second ratios between any one of the prominent envelopes and all other optical cables in the same time period.

8. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interference coefficient is a normalized result of the product of the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value.

9. The optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the protruding envelope caused by interference includes: obtaining a segmentation threshold of the interference coefficient of all protruding envelopes in the signal waveform of each optical cable, recorded as a second segmentation threshold; and recording the protruding envelope in the signal waveform of each optical cable whose interference coefficient is greater than or equal to the second segmentation threshold as the protruding envelope caused by interference.

10. An optical cable fault early warning system based on an optical cable route survey instrument, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the optical cable fault early warning method based on the optical cable route survey instrument as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

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