Ecological and efficient cultivation method for under-forest traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material cultivation, and particularly relates to an under-forest traditional Chinese medicinal material ecological efficient cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, forest land preparation: one month before planting, applying a decomposed organic fertilizer to the surface of the forest land, and deeply ploughing soil; s2, seedling planting: planting fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and radix fici simplicissimae according to an interplanting mode; s3, timely topdressing: topdressing decomposed organic fertilizer after 3-5 months of planting of the fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and 2-3 months of planting of the radix fici simplicissimae; s4, field management. According to the ecological efficient cultivation method for the under-forest traditional Chinese medicinal materials, through scientific forest land selection, variety matching, fertilization management and other measures, the yield and quality of the fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and the radix fici simplicissimae can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the occurrence rate of root diseases of the fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and the radix fici simplicissimae can be reduced, the usage amount of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers can be reduced, environmental pollution can be reduced, and the economic benefit is increased. The safety of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials is improved. In addition, by using the decomposed organic fertilizer, the soil quality can be improved, the ecological environment of the forest land is protected, and sustainable development of the under-forest traditional Chinese medicinal material industry is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation, and particularly relates to an ecological and efficient cultivation method for Chinese medicinal materials under forests. Background Art

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicinal herb cultivation practices are mostly concentrated in open areas such as farmland, which not only consumes a large amount of valuable arable land resources but also faces a series of serious problems such as soil degradation and environmental pollution. However, under-forest cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs has emerged as a highly sought-after emerging development model due to its unique ecological advantages. Forests create a near-natural ecological environment for the growth of Chinese medicinal herbs. The abundant vegetation effectively regulates temperature, humidity, and light intensity, providing an ideal growing environment for many shade-loving and shade-tolerant Chinese medicinal herbs. Furthermore, under-forest cultivation avoids competition with grain crops, significantly improving the efficiency of land resource utilization.

[0003] Despite the promising prospects for understory cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs, its practical application still faces numerous challenges. For example, in terms of fertilizer usage, there is currently a lack of specialized fertilizers and scientific fertilization plans for understory cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs. Most growers still use traditional farmyard manure or ordinary chemical fertilizers, which cannot fully meet the nutrient needs of Chinese medicinal herbs in the unique southern climate. Furthermore, unscientific fertilization methods can cause soil nutrient imbalances, further exacerbating soil acidification and compaction, creating a vicious cycle.

[0004] Furthermore, when it comes to pest and disease control, most growers currently rely too heavily on chemical pesticides. While this approach can effectively control pests and diseases in the short term, chemical pesticide residues not only reduce the quality of Chinese medicinal materials but also damage the ecological environment, polluting surface and groundwater and endangering surrounding ecosystems. Furthermore, some pests have developed resistance to chemical pesticides, resulting in a year-on-year decline in control effectiveness.

[0005] In the process of forest land selection and variety matching, the growth habits of Chinese medicinal materials and the ecological conditions of the forest land were not fully considered, and blind planting resulted in poor growth of Chinese medicinal materials. For example, sun-loving Chinese medicinal materials were planted in forest land with too high a density, so that they could not get enough light; or shade-tolerant varieties were planted in areas with too strong light, causing plant burns. In terms of variety matching, there is a lack of in-depth research on the relationship between different Chinese medicinal materials. Unreasonable matching not only fails to achieve optimal resource utilization, but may also trigger interspecies competition and affect each other's growth. For example, planting Chinese medicinal materials with similar nutrient requirements together will intensify nutrient competition and reduce overall yield.

[0006] In summary, it is urgent to develop an ecologically efficient cultivation method for Chinese medicinal materials in an understory environment.

[0007] The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be considered as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological and efficient cultivation method for Chinese medicinal materials under forests.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] An ecologically efficient cultivation method for Chinese medicinal materials under forests comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Forest land preparation

[0012] Select broad-leaved forests with an altitude of 300-500 meters, a slope of less than 15°, a canopy density of 0.6-0.8, and good ventilation;

[0013] Two months before planting, clear the woodland of weeds and debris, test the soil pH and adjust it to 5.8-7.0;

[0014] One month before planting, spread the decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the forest land, and then deep-plow the soil 20-30cm to mix the decomposed organic fertilizer with the soil evenly.

[0015] S2. Seedling Planting

[0016] In mid-March, Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume were planted according to the intercropping pattern;

[0017] S3. Timely topdressing

[0018] Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3-5 months after planting Alpinia oxyphylla and 2-3 months after planting Prunus mume. Cover with soil and water each time to promote absorption.

[0019] S4. Field management

[0020] Regularly cultivate, weed and water.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied is 600-800 kg / mu.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S2, the spacing between the Alpinia oxyphylla plants is 1.2-1.5m, and the spacing between rows is 2.0-2.5m; the five-fingered ginseng is planted in the middle of the wide rows of Alpinia oxyphylla, with a spacing between plants of 1.5-2.0m.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, 0.5-0.8 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole of the Alpinia oxyphylla every 20-25 days for topdressing, for a total of 3 times; 0.2-0.6 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole of the Eleutherococcus chinensis every 20-25 days for topdressing, for a total of 2 times.

[0024] Furthermore, in steps S1 and S3, the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is:

[0025] a. The rice straw and wheat straw were crushed to a length of 2-3 cm, the crushed rice straw and wheat straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, urea was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25, and water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55% to obtain a fermentation base;

[0026] b access to the fermentation base material mass 0.5% of the fermentation agent, mix well and compost fermentation 40d, that is, the decomposed organic fertilizer;

[0027] During the composting period, the pile should be turned over every 4 days to ensure that the fermentation base material is fully fermented.

[0028] Furthermore, in step b, the fermentation bacteria agent is uniformly mixed with Bacillus gelatinosa, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium in a mass ratio of 1:3:2.

[0029] Furthermore, the viable bacterial counts of the jelly-like Bacillus, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium were all 3.5×10 6 cfu / g.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention provides an ecologically efficient method for cultivating Chinese medicinal materials under forests. Through scientific forestland selection, variety matching, and fertilization management, the method can significantly improve the yield and quality of Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume. It can also reduce the incidence of root diseases of Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, reduce environmental pollution, and improve the safety of Chinese medicinal materials. Furthermore, the use of decomposed organic fertilizers can improve soil quality, protect the forestland ecological environment, and achieve sustainable development of the under-forest Chinese medicinal materials industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the following examples, Bacillus gelatinosa, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium were purchased from Beinna Biotechnology with serial numbers BNCC337990, BNCC185284 and BNCC336464, respectively.

[0034] 1.1 Preparation of decomposed organic fertilizer

[0035] The preparation method of decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0036] a. The rice straw and wheat straw were crushed to a length of 2-3 cm, the crushed rice straw and wheat straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, urea was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25, and water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55% to obtain a fermentation base;

[0037] b access to the fermentation base material mass 0.5% fermentation bacteria (fermentation bacteria formula see Table 1), mixed evenly after compost fermentation 40d, after fermentation is completed aged 20d to stabilize the fertilizer, that is, the decomposed organic fertilizer;

[0038] During the composting period, the pile should be turned over every 4 days to ensure that the fermentation base material is fully fermented.

[0039] Table 1 Fermentation agent formula

[0040]

[0041] 1.2 Cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials under forests

[0042] An ecologically efficient cultivation method for Chinese medicinal materials under forests comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Forest land preparation

[0044] Select a broad-leaved forest at an altitude of 400 meters, with a slope of less than 15 degrees, a canopy density of 0.7, and good ventilation. Two months before planting, remove weeds and debris from the forest floor, test the soil pH, and adjust it to 6.8.

[0045] One month before planting, spread the decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the forest land, and then deep-plow the soil 25cm to mix the decomposed organic fertilizer with the soil evenly; the application rate of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 750kg / mu

[0046] S2. Seedling Planting

[0047] In mid-March, Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume were planted in an intercropping pattern; the Alpinia oxyphylla plant spacing was 1.4m, and the row spacing was 2.2m; the Prunus mume was planted in the middle of the Alpinia oxyphylla wide row, with a plant spacing of 1.8m;

[0048] S3. Timely topdressing

[0049] Three months after the planting of the five-fingered peach, 0.4 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied to each hole every 25 days for topdressing, for a total of 2 times. After each application of fertilizer, cover with soil and water to promote absorption.

[0050] Five months after the planting of Alpinia oxyphylla, 0.6 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied to each hole every 25 days for topdressing, for a total of three times. After each application of fertilizer, cover with soil and water to promote absorption.

[0051] S4. Field management

[0052] Regularly cultivate, weed and water.

[0053] Wherein, the organic fertilizer in steps S1 and S3 is decomposed, and the decomposed organic fertilizer in steps S1 and S3 is the same.

[0054] 1.3 Effects of different decomposed organic fertilizers on Chinese medicinal materials cultivated under forests

[0055] Each cultivation method was repeated three times, with each repeat being 100 m 2 After 2 years of cultivation, the dried fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla were harvested and sun-dried to constant weight. The yield was calculated and the content of alpinin in the Alpinia oxyphylla was determined. After 3 years of cultivation, the roots of Prunus mume were excavated, the fibrous roots were removed, and the roots were washed and sun-dried to constant weight. The yield was calculated and the polysaccharide content in Prunus mume was determined. The number of Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume plants and the incidence of root rot in each treatment were also counted.

[0056] The results are shown in Table 2-3.

[0057] Table 2 Effects of different decomposed organic fertilizers on understory cultivation of Alpinia oxyphylla

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Table 3 Effects of different decomposed organic fertilizers on understory cultivation of Prunus mume

[0061]

[0062] It can be seen from Tables 2 and 3 that the decomposed organic fertilizer 7 and decomposed organic fertilizer 8 obtained by using three microorganisms, Bacillus gelatinosa, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium, as fermentation agents can significantly reduce the incidence of root rot during the cultivation of Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume. At the same time, they can also significantly increase the content of alpinia glycosides and Prunus mume polysaccharides, thereby improving the quality of Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume.

[0063] In summary, the ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under the forest of the present invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of Alpinia oxyphylla and Eleutherodactylus amurense through scientific forest land selection, variety matching, fertilization management and other measures, and at the same time reduce the incidence of root diseases of Alpinia oxyphylla and Eleutherodactylus amurense, reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, reduce pollution to the environment, and improve the safety of Chinese medicinal materials.

Claims

1. A method for the efficient cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials under forests, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Forest land preparation Select broad-leaved forests with an altitude of 300-500 meters, a slope of less than 15°, a canopy density of 0.6-0.8, and good ventilation; Two months before planting, clear the woodland of weeds and debris, test the soil pH and adjust it to 5.8-7.0; One month before planting, spread the decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the forest land, and then deep-plow the soil 20-30cm to mix the decomposed organic fertilizer with the soil evenly. S2. Seedling Planting In mid-March, Alpinia oxyphylla and Prunus mume were planted according to the intercropping pattern; S3. Timely topdressing Apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3-5 months after planting Alpinia oxyphylla and 2-3 months after planting Prunus mume. Cover with soil and water each time to promote absorption. S4. Field management Regularly cultivate, weed and water.

2. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied is 600-800 kg / mu.

3. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the plant spacing of the Alpinia oxyphylla is 1.2-1.5m, and the row spacing is 2.0-2.5m; the five-fingered peach is planted in the middle of the wide row of Alpinia oxyphylla, with a plant spacing of 1.5-2.0m.

4. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, 0.5-0.8 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole of the Alpinia oxyphylla every 20-25 days for topdressing, and a total of 3 times of topdressing; 0.2-0.6 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each hole of the Eleutherococcus chinensis every 20-25 days for topdressing, and a total of 2 times of topdressing.

5. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S1 and S3, the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is: a. The rice straw and wheat straw were crushed to a length of 2-3 cm, the crushed rice straw and wheat straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1, urea was added to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25, and water was added to adjust the moisture content to 55% to obtain a fermentation base; b access to the fermentation base material mass 0.5% of the fermentation agent, mix well and compost fermentation 40d, that is, the decomposed organic fertilizer; During the composting period, the pile should be turned over every 4 days to ensure that the fermentation base material is fully fermented.

6. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step b, the fermentation bacteria agent is uniformly mixed with Bacillus gelatinosa, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium in a mass ratio of 1:3:

2.

7. The ecological and efficient cultivation method of Chinese medicinal materials under forests according to claim 6, characterized in that: The viable bacterial counts of the jelly-like Bacillus, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus megaterium were all 3.5×10 6 cfu / g.

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