Natural plant source root-knot nematode control nutrient solution as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a natural plant source root-knot nematode control nutrient solution as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural biological control, the natural plant source root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of a cortex meliae extracting solution, 15 parts of a camphor extracting solution, 15 parts of sinapis alba oil, 25 parts of a marigold extracting solution and the balance of auxiliary components, and 100 parts of the natural plant source root-knot nematode control nutrient solution is prepared. The nutrient solution completely adopts natural plant extracts as main components, does not contain any chemical pesticide substances, does not pollute soil, water and other ecological environments in the use process, does not generate pesticide residues in agricultural products, guarantees the quality safety of the agricultural products and the sustainable development of the ecological environments, and is remarkable in prevention and treatment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biological control, and relates to a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution, a preparation method and application thereof, and specifically relates to a nutrient solution with a natural plant extract as a core ingredient for controlling root-knot nematodes, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Root-knot nematodes are soil-borne parasites that seriously harm crop growth. They pierce plant roots, forming knots there, which hinder the plant's absorption of water and nutrients, leading to poor crop growth, reduced yields, and even plant death. Currently, chemical pesticides such as thiazolyl and avermectin are widely used for root-knot nematode control, but long-term use of chemical pesticides has many drawbacks. On the one hand, chemical pesticides can damage the soil ecosystem, affect the structure and function of soil microbial communities, and reduce soil fertility. On the other hand, chemical pesticide residues can contaminate agricultural products and threaten human health. They can also easily cause root-knot nematodes to develop resistance to pesticides, resulting in reduced control effectiveness. Therefore, the development of safe, effective, and environmentally friendly root-knot nematode control technologies has become an urgent issue in the agricultural sector. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution that is completely free of chemical pesticide components. Through the synergistic effect of natural plant extracts, the root-knot nematode is repelled, the blade is blunted, and the reproduction is disturbed, thereby effectively reducing the reproduction rate of the root-knot nematodes, reducing the damage of the root-knot nematodes to the root system of crops, and restoring the soil ecological environment and the healthy growth of crops.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve its purpose:

[0005] A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises, by weight, 30 parts of chinaberry bark extract, 15 parts of camphor extract, 15 parts of white mustard oil, 25 parts of marigold extract, and the remainder of auxiliary ingredients, so as to prepare 100 parts of the nutrient solution.

[0006] Preferably, the auxiliary ingredients include at least one of water and emulsifiers, wherein water is used to adjust the concentration, and natural emulsifiers such as lecithin are used to promote uniform dispersion of the ingredients.

[0007] A method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Select fresh, pest-free chinaberry bark, camphor branches and leaves, and marigold, wash them, and dry them separately;

[0009] S2. Preparation of extract:

[0010] China china bark extract: crush the pretreated China china bark, add ethanol solution, perform ultrasonic extraction, and filter to obtain China china bark extract;

[0011] Camphor extract: crush camphor branches and leaves, extract by steam distillation, collect the distillate, and obtain camphor extract;

[0012] Marigold extract: crush marigold, add methanol solution, stir and extract, filter to obtain marigold extract;

[0013] S3. Mixing and blending: The above-prepared chinaberry bark extract, camphor extract, marigold extract and white mustard oil are mixed in proportion, water and / or an emulsifier are added, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly to obtain a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution.

[0014] Preferably, in the preparation of the chinaberry bark extract, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50%-80% is selected, the material-liquid ratio of chinaberry bark to ethanol is 1:(5-10), and ultrasonic extraction is carried out at a temperature of 40-60°C for 30-60 minutes.

[0015] Preferably, in the preparation of marigold extract, a methanol solution with a volume fraction of 60%-90% is selected, the material-liquid ratio of marigold to methanol solution is 1:(6-12), and the extraction is stirred at a temperature of 30-50° C. for 4-8 hours.

[0016] A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution is used for controlling root-knot nematodes on crops.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. High safety: This nutrient solution uses natural plant extracts as its main ingredients and does not contain any chemical pesticides. During use, it will not pollute the soil, water and other ecological environments, nor will it produce pesticide residues in agricultural products, thus ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products and the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

[0019] 2. Significant prevention and control effects: Through the synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms such as avoidance, blunting of the blade and fertility interference, it can effectively reduce the damage of root-knot nematodes to the roots of crops, reduce the reproduction rate of root-knot nematodes, significantly improve the growth conditions of crops, and increase the yield and quality of crops.

[0020] 3. Environmentally friendly and sustainable: Natural plant raw materials are widely available and renewable, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly, meeting the requirements of sustainable development in modern agriculture. At the same time, long-term use of this nutrient solution helps improve the structure of soil microbial communities, increase soil fertility, and promote a virtuous cycle in the soil ecosystem.

[0021] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0022] 1. Repellent effect: The plant extracts such as chinaberry and camphor in this nutrient solution have a special and strong smell. This smell can stimulate the root-knot nematodes, making them sense danger and actively stay away from the root area of ​​crops, achieving the purpose of repelling root-knot nematodes and reducing the chance of contact between root-knot nematodes and plant roots.

[0023] 2. Blunting of the cuticle: Root-knot nematodes have relatively simple mouthparts, primarily a sharp stylet. Root-knot nematodes do not use their mouthparts to chew through plant roots. Instead, they pierce the root cells with their stylet and then secrete saliva. The chemicals in their saliva disrupt the normal metabolism of the plant's root cells, stimulating host cell proliferation and enlargement, leading to the formation of nodules and ultimately root tissue lesions. The active ingredients in the nutrient solution react with proteins and other substances on the surface of the root-knot nematode's cuticles, altering their structure and properties and blunting them. The blunted cuticles are unable to effectively penetrate plant roots, preventing them from absorbing nutrients from the roots. This deprives the root-knot nematode of its nutritional source and restricts its growth and development.

[0024] 3. Reproductive disruption: The active substances in marigold and other plant extracts can interfere with the endocrine system and reproductive physiology of root-knot nematodes, inhibiting their gonadal development and germ cell formation, significantly reducing their reproductive capacity. Experimental studies have shown that using this nutrient solution can reduce the reproduction rate of root-knot nematodes by approximately 70%. Over time, the number of root-knot nematode eggs in the soil decreases significantly, thereby reducing the damage caused by root-knot nematodes to crops and promoting the recovery of soil ecosystems.

[0025] 4. Improve soil physical structure: Through microbial decomposition and transformation, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced, thereby reducing the use of pesticides and fungicides. This allows organic matter in the soil to form humus. Humus promotes the formation of soil aggregates, causing soil particles to agglomerate into loose, porous aggregates of moderate size. This structure increases soil porosity, improves soil aeration and water permeability, reduces soil bulk density, and loosens the soil, which is beneficial for crop root growth and respiration.

[0026] 5. Enhance soil fertility and water retention: Humus has a large specific surface area and is charged, allowing it to absorb large amounts of cations (such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium) and water. This enhances soil fertility retention and reduces nutrient loss. It also improves soil water retention, providing a continuous water supply for crops during droughts.

[0027] 6. Regulate soil pH: For acidic soil, cake fertilizer and fermented cake fertilizer will produce some alkaline substances during the decomposition process, which can neutralize the acidity of the soil; for alkaline soil, some of its organic acid substances can reduce the alkalinity of the soil, thereby regulating the pH of the soil and making the soil develop in a neutral direction.

[0028] 7. Promote soil microbial activity: It provides soil microorganisms with abundant nutrients, stimulating their growth and reproduction. The increase in the number of beneficial microorganisms helps accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the soil, improves the effectiveness of soil nutrients, and secretes substances such as antibiotics and growth hormones to inhibit the growth of pathogens and promote crop growth.

[0029] 8. The inactivation effect of the nutrient solution of the present invention on the nematode mouthparts is mainly achieved through the following methods:

[0030] ①Affects the morphological structure of mouthparts

[0031] Components such as azadirachtin in chinaberry bark extract are fat-soluble and can penetrate the body wall and cell membranes of nematodes. When nematodes come into contact with chinaberry bark extract, these components may act on the cells of their mouthparts, interfering with their normal physiological functions and affecting their growth, development, and differentiation. This can lead to structural changes in the mouthparts, such as blunting of the stylet and impaired connection and movement between the various parts of the mouthparts, making it difficult for them to penetrate plant root tissue and feed.

[0032] ②Interfering with the chemical perception function of the mouthparts

[0033] Nematodes rely on chemoreceptors on their mouthparts to sense chemical signals in their environment to find food sources. Certain components in chinaberry bark extract can bind to these chemoreceptors or alter the receptors' microenvironment, interfering with their perception of attractive chemicals released by plant roots. This can prevent the nematodes from accurately locating plant roots or lead them to misinterpret chemical signals around their mouthparts, reducing feeding stimulation and indirectly affecting their feeding behavior.

[0034] ③Inhibit mouthpart muscle contraction

[0035] The movement and piercing action of nematode mouthparts depends on muscle contraction. The active ingredients in chinaberry bark extract may act on ion channels or neurotransmitter systems in the muscle cells of the nematode mouthparts, affecting the excitability and contractile function of the muscle cells. For example, they may inhibit the influx of calcium ions, hindering the signaling required for muscle contraction. This can lead to abnormal contraction of the mouthpart muscles or weakened contraction force, thus preventing the mouthparts from effectively piercing and ingesting food.

[0036] ④Affects nematode physiological metabolism

[0037] Once introduced into the nematode's body, chinaberry bark extract interferes with various physiological and metabolic processes. For example, it inhibits the activity of certain key enzymes, affecting the nematode's energy metabolism and depriving it of sufficient energy to support mouthpart movement and feeding. Furthermore, it may affect the nematode's hormone balance, interfering with its growth, development, and reproduction, further weakening its overall vitality and feeding ability. Even if the mouthparts remain intact, the nematode's physiological state may lead to a reduced intake of food. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the material-liquid ratios mentioned in the present invention are all mass ratios unless otherwise specified. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises, by weight, 30 parts of chinaberry bark extract, 15 parts of camphor extract, 15 parts of white mustard oil, 25 parts of marigold extract, and the remainder of auxiliary ingredients, so as to prepare 100 parts of the nutrient solution.

[0041] A method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Raw material preparation

[0043] Weigh 10 kg of chinaberry bark, 5 kg of camphor branches and leaves, and 10 kg of marigold, and wash and dry them separately;

[0044] S2. Extract Preparation

[0045] Melia azedarach bark extract: grind the Melia azedarach bark, add 50 L of 50% ethanol solution by volume, extract by ultrasonic at 40°C for 30 minutes, and filter to obtain the Melia azedarach bark extract;

[0046] Camphor extract: After the branches and leaves of camphor are crushed, they are extracted by steam distillation, and the distillate is collected to obtain a camphor extract; steam distillation is a well-known technology. For example, taking the Guangxi traditional distillation as an example, the felled camphor branches and leaves are split into thin slices of 2.5 cm wide, 1 cm thick, and about 10 cm long, and then loaded into a steam barrel. At this time, a distance of about 10 cm is left between water and the raw materials. A larger distiller is used in the Guangxi traditional distillation, and two or three hundred kilograms of camphor leaves are loaded. The distillation is continuously heated and distilled for about 2 hours to fully evaporate the camphor oil; the amount of water added is based on the principle of generating enough water vapor during the distillation process while preventing it from drying out or burning. In actual operation, it can be adjusted according to the size of the distillation pot and the amount of raw materials to ensure that the water level can maintain the entire distillation process (the present invention adopts this method to extract camphor extract);

[0047] Marigold extract: crush marigold, add 60L of 60% methanol solution by volume, stir and extract at 30°C for 4 hours, filter to obtain marigold extract.

[0048] S3. Mixing and blending: Mix the above extract and white mustard oil in proportion, add water and 0.5 kg of lecithin, stir thoroughly, and prepare 100 L of natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises, by weight, 30 parts of chinaberry bark extract, 15 parts of camphor extract, 15 parts of white mustard oil, 25 parts of marigold extract, and the remainder of auxiliary ingredients, so as to prepare 100 parts of the nutrient solution.

[0051] A method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1. Raw material preparation

[0053] Weigh 20 kg of chinaberry bark, 12 kg of camphor branches and leaves, and 18 kg of marigold, wash them, and dry them;

[0054] S2. Extract Preparation

[0055] Melia azedarach bark extract: After crushing the Melia azedarach bark, add 150L of 65% ethanol solution by volume, extract by ultrasonic at 50°C for 45 minutes, and filter to obtain the Melia azedarach bark extract;

[0056] Camphor extract: crush camphor branches and leaves, extract by steam distillation, collect the distillate to obtain camphor extract;

[0057] Marigold extract: crush marigolds, add 220L of 75% methanol solution, stir and extract at 40°C for 6 hours, and filter to obtain marigold extract;

[0058] S3. Mixing and blending: Mix the extract and white mustard oil in proportion, add water and 1 kg of lecithin, stir evenly, and prepare 100 L of natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises, by weight, 30 parts of chinaberry bark extract, 15 parts of camphor extract, 15 parts of white mustard oil, 25 parts of marigold extract, and the remainder of auxiliary ingredients, so as to prepare 100 parts of the nutrient solution.

[0061] A method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. Raw material preparation

[0063] Take 30kg of chinaberry bark, 20kg of camphor branches and leaves, and 25kg of marigold, and complete the cleaning and drying steps;

[0064] S2. Extract Preparation

[0065] Melia azedarach bark extract: After crushing the Melia azedarach bark, add 300L of 80% ethanol solution by volume, extract by ultrasonic at 60°C for 60 minutes, and filter to obtain the Melia azedarach bark extract;

[0066] Camphor extract: crush camphor branches and leaves, extract by steam distillation, collect the distillate to obtain camphor extract;

[0067] Marigold extract: crush marigolds, add 300L of 90% methanol solution, stir and extract at 50°C for 8 hours, and filter to obtain marigold extract;

[0068] S3. Mixing and blending: Mix all the extracts and white mustard oil in proportion, add water and 1.5 kg of lecithin, and stir evenly to obtain 100 L of natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution.

[0069] Application effect test

[0070] Three experimental plots were selected, each plotting cucumbers with similar root-knot nematode damage, labeled A, B, and C. Plot A served as a blank control and was left untreated. Plot B was irrigated with the nutrient solution prepared in Example 2 of the present invention at a dosage of 50 L per mu before cucumber transplanting. Plot C was treated with a conventional chemical pesticide (thiazolyl) for pest control, using the recommended dosage in the pesticide instructions.

[0071] After the cucumber growth cycle, surveys and statistics were conducted on the three experimental plots. The results showed that in Experimental Plot A, the cucumbers were severely infested with root-knot nematodes, with numerous and large root knots, and an average cucumber yield of 2,000 kg / mu. In Experimental Plot B, after using the nutrient solution of the present invention, root-knot nematode infestation in the cucumber roots was significantly reduced, with the number of root knots reduced by approximately 70%, and the average cucumber yield reached 4,500 kg / mu. In Experimental Plot C, after using chemical pesticides, root-knot nematode infestation in the cucumber roots was also reduced, but pesticide residues were detected in the soil, and the average cucumber yield was 4,000 kg / mu. Simultaneously, testing of the soil microbial community in Experimental Plot B revealed a significant increase in the number of beneficial microorganisms, improving the soil ecological environment.

[0072] The organic matter in these nutrient solutions increases soil air permeability and water retention, making the soil more loose and fertile, which is beneficial to the growth and development of cucumber roots. After application on one acre of land, the cucumber roots are better able to take root and absorb nutrients and water than when not applied, laying the foundation for healthy plant growth and thus improving cucumber yield and quality.

[0073] The nutrient solution of the present invention can promote the growth of the stems and leaves of cucumber plants, making the leaves dark green and thick, enhance photosynthesis, and provide sufficient photosynthetic products for the growth of fruits. In a one-acre cucumber planting area, the cucumber plants can grow vigorously and the number of cucumbers increased, and the yield may be increased by 10%-20% compared with no nutrient solution.

[0074] The nutrient solution of the present invention can improve phosphorus utilization, promote flower bud differentiation and fruit development in cucumbers, increase the number of female flowers, and improve fruit setting rate. In a cucumber plantation on one acre of land, it can increase the proportion of high-quality cucumbers and reduce deformed cucumbers, thereby improving cucumber quality and yield.

[0075] The nutrient solution prevents potassium from being absorbed, enhancing cucumbers' resistance to stress, disease, and lodging. It also promotes fruit enlargement, making the cucumbers fuller and more flavorful. Compared to untreated conditions, the marketability of cucumbers is improved, with the rate of high-quality fruit potentially increasing by 15%-25%.

[0076] The nutrient solution of the present invention can promote microbial activity: it can promote the reproduction and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The activity of the microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the soil, release more nutrients for cucumbers to absorb, and can also inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens, reduce the occurrence of cucumber diseases and pests, make cucumbers grow healthier, and thus improve yield and quality.

[0077] Therefore, under reasonable application conditions, compared with not applying these nutrient solutions, the yield of cucumbers may be significantly increased, and the quality will also be significantly improved, with the fruit having a better taste, brighter color, and richer nutrition.

[0078] The nutrient solution of the present invention can affect the physical properties of the soil: Studies have shown that after continuous application for 2-3 years, the soil bulk density can be reduced by 0.1-0.2g / cm 3 , the total porosity of the soil increased by 5%-10%. For example, in a field experiment in a certain area, the soil bulk density of the control field without application was 1.4g / cm 3 , the total porosity was 45%; while in the fields where the soil was applied for three consecutive years, the soil bulk density dropped to 1.25g / cm 3 The total porosity increased to 52%, the soil became looser, and the air permeability and water permeability were significantly improved.

[0079] The nutrient solution of the present invention can affect soil nutrient content: long-term application can significantly increase soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient contents. Experimental data shows that after three years of continuous application of 3-10 kg per mu per year, soil organic matter content can be increased from an initial 1.2% to 1.8%-2.0%, alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content can be increased by 20-30 mg / kg, available phosphorus content by 10-15 mg / kg, and available potassium content by 30-50 mg / kg.

[0080] The nutrient solution of this invention can affect the number of soil microorganisms: Studies have found that the total number of microorganisms in applied soil increased by 30%-50% compared to control soil. Bacteria increased significantly, reaching 2-3 times the control; actinomycetes increased by 1-2 times; and fungi also increased to a certain extent. These microorganisms participate in material transformation and nutrient recycling in the soil, playing a vital role in improving soil fertility.

[0081] The above examples and experiments show that the natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution of the present invention has good root-knot nematode control effects and crop yield-increasing effects, and has significant advantages such as environmental protection and safety.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present invention, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that any technician familiar with this technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-mentioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution, characterized in that: The nutrient solution comprises 30 parts of chinaberry bark extract, 15 parts of camphor extract, 15 parts of white mustard oil, 25 parts of marigold extract and the remainder of auxiliary components, so as to prepare 100 parts of nutrient solution.

2. A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary components include at least one of water and emulsifier.

3. A method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Select chinaberry bark, camphor branches and leaves, and marigold, wash and dry them separately; S2. Preparation of extract: China china bark extract: crush the pretreated China china bark, add ethanol solution, perform ultrasonic extraction, and filter to obtain China china bark extract; Camphor extract: crush camphor branches and leaves, extract by steam distillation, collect the distillate, and obtain camphor extract; Marigold extract: crush marigold, add methanol solution, stir and extract, filter to obtain marigold extract; S3. Mixing and blending: The above-prepared chinaberry bark extract, camphor extract, marigold extract and white mustard oil are mixed in proportion, water and / or an emulsifier are added, and the mixture is stirred thoroughly to obtain a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution.

4. The method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution according to claim 3, wherein: In the preparation of the chinaberry bark extract, ethanol with a volume fraction of 50%-80% is selected, the material-liquid ratio of chinaberry bark to ethanol is 1:(5-10), and ultrasonic extraction is carried out for 30-60 minutes at a temperature of 40-60°C.

5. The method for preparing a natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the preparation of marigold extract, a methanol solution with a volume fraction of 60%-90% is selected, the material-liquid ratio of marigold to methanol solution is 1:(6-12), and the extraction is carried out by stirring at a temperature of 30-50° C. for 4-8 hours.

6. A natural plant-derived root-knot nematode control nutrient solution for controlling root-knot nematodes in crops.