Olfactory reconstruction electrical stimulation regulation and control system for nerve prosthesis

Abstract

The invention discloses an olfactory reconstruction electrical stimulation regulation and control system for a nerve prosthesis, and the system comprises a sensor, an electrode array, a control unit, a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, an electrode driving module, and a feedback collection module. The olfactory bulb, the olfactory epithelium or the olfactory cortex are electrically stimulated through the array electrode, and the smell sensing process is simulated. According to the invention, olfaction signal transmission is reconstructed by accurately regulating and controlling electrical stimulation parameters, and a patient with olfaction loss is helped to recover perception of surrounding environment smell. The system has the advantages of high precision, controllability, personalized adaptation and the like, and an innovative technical scheme is provided for perception recovery of olfactory deficiency patients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of neural prostheses, and in particular to an electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of neural prostheses. Background Art

[0002] Loss of smell, as a common sensory disorder, seriously affects the quality of life of patients and may lead to problems such as loss of appetite, social disorders and safety hazards. At present, treatment options for loss of smell mostly rely on drug therapy, olfactory training and other means, but these methods have limited efficacy and are difficult to achieve complete recovery. As an emerging treatment method, neuroprosthetic technology has achieved remarkable results in other sensory reconstruction fields such as vision and hearing. For example, the widespread use of cochlear implants in hearing-impaired patients has demonstrated its huge application prospects. However, at this stage, neuroprosthetic technology for olfactory reconstruction is still in a blank stage, and innovative technologies are urgently needed to solve this problem. The present invention proposes an olfactory reconstruction system based on electrical stimulation technology, which uses array electrodes to perform precise electrical stimulation on the olfactory bulb, olfactory epithelium or olfactory cortex, aiming to assist the olfactory perception process and help patients restore their olfactory function. This system fills the current technical gap in the field of olfactory reconstruction and provides an innovative solution for patients with smell loss to restore their olfactory perception. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing anosmia treatment technologies and provide an electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of neural prostheses. This system can reconstruct olfactory signal transmission by precisely controlling electrical stimulation parameters, helping patients with anosmia to restore their perception of the surrounding environment's odors.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis, comprising: a sensor, an electrode array, a signal processing module, a control unit, a wireless transmission module, an electrode driving module, and a feedback acquisition module;

[0005] The sensor is used to capture odor data in the environment; the electrode array is used to electrically stimulate the olfactory nerve;

[0006] The signal processing module converts the captured environmental odor information or user instructions into an electrical stimulation coding sequence according to the odor-electrical stimulation relationship library and transmits it to the control unit;

[0007] The control unit receives the output of the signal processing module and user feedback information in real time, issues stimulation instructions according to the initial coding of the signal processing module, and dynamically optimizes stimulation parameters according to the user feedback information;

[0008] The wireless transmission module is used to support the interaction between the module in the system and the external terminal;

[0009] The electrode driving module has multiple independent control functions, and drives each electrode in the electrode array to perform neural electrical stimulation according to the stimulation mode of the control unit and the electrical stimulation signal of the signal processing module;

[0010] The feedback acquisition module is used to obtain neural feedback signals from the nervous system after electrical stimulation.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrode array adopts a matrix layout, and the number of channels is configured between 16-128 channels according to the area to be stimulated; the electrode spacing is 50-200 μm to avoid electric field interference, the material is biocompatible material, the electrode diameter is 20-40 μm, and each electrode is independently controlled.

[0012] Furthermore, the odor-electrical stimulation relationship library is constructed by in vitro nerve culture, including:

[0013] Cultivation system establishment:

[0014] The olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb connecting tissue blocks were cultured on a PDMS microfluidic chip using in vitro tissue culture technology to ensure the intact structure and biological activity of the olfactory conduction pathway.

[0015] Establishment of an odor-neural response feature library

[0016] A high-density microelectrode array was used to record electrical activity in the olfactory bulb, combined with high-speed calcium imaging to capture the spatial activation patterns of neuronal clusters. Each odor stimulus was repeated 10 times, and the following features were extracted:

[0017] Spatial characteristics: the number, distribution density, and topology of activated olfactory bulb neurons;

[0018] Temporal characteristics: initial response latency, power and phase synchronization of neural oscillations in different frequency bands;

[0019] Odor molecules and their corresponding neural response patterns are stored by chemical category, including:

[0020] Basic parameters: concentration-response curve, threshold concentration;

[0021] Advanced parameters: synergistic / antagonistic effects of mixed odors;

[0022] The electrical stimulation encoding of odor-neural response correspondences includes:

[0023] Designing a two-phase electrical stimulation protocol to match natural neural coding:

[0024] Initial burst: short high-frequency pulses simulate rapid activation of the olfactory nerve;

[0025] Sustained oscillation phase: low-frequency rhythmic stimulation maintains the synchronization of mitral / plexiform cells;

[0026] The effect was evaluated by calculating the similarity between the olfactory bulb response induced by electrical stimulation and the target natural response. If the target was not met, an iterative algorithm was used to adjust the stimulation intensity, frequency or spatial sequence until the matching error was <15%.

[0027] Furthermore, the control unit also includes a stimulation intensity threshold monitoring function, which stops the electrical stimulation when the electrical stimulation intensity exceeds the safety limit threshold.

[0028] Furthermore, the electrode driving module is also integrated with a micro wireless energy receiving unit for converting the high-frequency magnetic field of the external transmitting end into direct current for use by the electrode driving module.

[0029] Furthermore, the micro wireless energy receiving unit specifically includes:

[0030] In-body receiving coil: It realizes energy transmission through magnetic resonance coupling with the external transmitting end of the energy channel, and the receiving frequency range is 1-10MHz;

[0031] Rectification and voltage stabilization circuit: converts the received high-frequency alternating current into stable direct current to provide the appropriate voltage for the electrode array;

[0032] Dynamic Power Management Unit: Adjusts the receiving end load impedance according to real-time stimulation needs to ensure precise matching of energy supply and stimulation mode.

[0033] Furthermore, the external terminal includes: a medical control platform: for doctors to set stimulation parameters, monitor nerve signals and adjust treatment plans; a patient-side portable terminal: with an integrated touch interface for real-time feedback on odor perception intensity, type and comfort score.

[0034] Furthermore, the parameters of the electrical stimulation mode include:

[0035] Spatiotemporal parameters: including the onset and duration of stimulation, the interval between current pulses, and the activation order and position of each electrode in the electrode array;

[0036] Intensity and frequency parameters: By adjusting the intensity of the stimulus to simulate differences in odor concentration, the frequency is adjusted to reproduce the rhythm and changing pattern of different odors;

[0037] Pulse type: defines the pulse characteristics of electrical stimulation, including pulse width and shape.

[0038] Furthermore, the user instructions include scent intensity, type and duration.

[0039] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0040] This invention significantly overcomes the shortcomings of existing olfactory treatment technologies and achieves breakthrough results through the following core technological innovations:

[0041] Precise electrical stimulation parameter control: This invention uses the spatiotemporal coding technology of the matrix electrode array, combined with a personalized feedback mechanism, to accurately simulate the neural conduction pattern of odor molecules, significantly improving the authenticity and accuracy of olfactory perception, filling the current technological gap in the field of electrical stimulation olfactory reconstruction and repair.

[0042] Construction of a dynamic relationship library: This invention establishes an "odor-electrical stimulation" relationship library to dynamically associate odor molecule characteristics (such as concentration and chemical type) with electrical stimulation parameters (intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution), thereby realizing the digital reconstruction of odor information and filling the gap in the signal conversion mechanism in the existing technology.

[0043] Wireless closed-loop energy supply and feedback system: This invention realizes seamless interaction between inside and outside the body through electromagnetic induction wireless energy supply and two-way data transmission module. At the same time, it optimizes stimulation parameters through real-time neural signal monitoring and patient feedback to ensure the safety and long-term stability of the treatment process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the working of the olfactory nerve prosthesis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention and a schematic diagram of a flexible electrical stimulation array microelectrode cluster (6*6);

[0045] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an animal experiment on the olfactory nerve prosthesis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a workflow diagram of the olfactory nerve prosthesis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to exemplarily explain the core principles and implementation methods of the present invention, to help those skilled in the art to more intuitively understand the technical features and application scenarios of the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the design concept of the present invention, the technical details in the following embodiments can be reasonably adjusted, replaced or combined based on actual needs, such as changing the layout of the electrode array, optimizing the signal coding algorithm or adapting to different clinical scenarios. Such variations, improvements or equivalent alternatives based on the core concept of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, this embodiment provides an electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis, comprising: a sensor, an electrode array, a control unit, a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, an electrode driving module, and a feedback acquisition module;

[0049] The sensor is used to capture odor data in the environment;

[0050] The electrode array is used to electrically stimulate the olfactory nerve; the electrode array adopts a matrix layout (such as an n×n two-dimensional grid structure), and the number of channels can be flexibly configured between 16 and 128 channels according to clinical needs (for example, 16 channels are used for local stimulation of the olfactory epithelium, and 64 or 128 channels cover a large area such as the olfactory bulb or olfactory cortex). The design diagram is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the stimulation array (6*6). The electrode spacing is 50-200μm to avoid electric field interference. The electrode material is made of biocompatible materials (gold, platinum or carbon-based materials), and the surface is coated with platinum black or carbon nanocoating to reduce impedance, ensure current efficiency and stability, and the electrode diameter is optimized to 20-40μm, effectively contacting the neural tissue and reducing damage. Each electrode is independently controlled, supports dynamic activation sequence programming (such as spiral or patterned activation), and achieves channel expansion (16 to 128 channels) through modular design. During implantation, precise positioning is combined with neuroimaging guidance technology, and flexible wire connection ensures long-term stability.

[0051] The signal processing module's primary function is to convert ambient odor information captured by the micro gas sensor array or the patient's own commands into electrical stimulation coding sequences. Using a database of "odor-electrical stimulation" relationships, the module matches sensor-captured odor data (e.g., concentration and type) to pre-set stimulation patterns, generating an adaptive spatiotemporal coding sequence (e.g., time and space, pulse type, intensity, and frequency).

[0052] The patient's own instructions include the odor type (such as rose, coffee), desired intensity and duration actively input by the patient, which are collected by the touch interface or voice interaction module of the portable terminal and converted into a corresponding electrical stimulation coding sequence by the signal processing module.

[0053] The control unit shown is responsible for adjusting and managing the electrical stimulation parameters. This module receives the output signal of the signal processing module, analyzes and adjusts it, and then issues the electrical stimulation instructions to the electrode drive module. At the same time, it analyzes the neural feedback signal and the patient's subjective feedback data (comfort, perception accuracy score, etc.) in real time, based on which the electrical stimulation parameters are dynamically optimized to maximize the olfactory perception effect. At the same time, the control unit is also equipped with a safety control mechanism, including a stimulation intensity threshold monitoring function. When the electrical stimulation intensity exceeds the safety limit threshold, the electrical stimulation is stopped to ensure that the intensity during the electrical stimulation process does not exceed the safety limit, thereby avoiding excessive stimulation or damage to the tissue.

[0054] The wireless transmission module adopts medical-grade wireless transmission technology to achieve low-power bidirectional transmission of stimulation instructions and feedback data. This module can not only issue electrical stimulation instructions in real time, but also has the real-time feedback function of neural feedback signals, ensuring that the system's response and adjustment process can be synchronized with the patient's actual situation, and supporting efficient interaction between the system and external terminal devices.

[0055] The external terminal device includes: (1) a medical control platform for doctors to set stimulation parameters, monitor neural signals, and adjust treatment plans; (2) a patient-side portable terminal with an integrated touch interface for patients to provide real-time feedback on odor perception intensity, type, and comfort score.

[0056] The electrode drive module features multi-channel independent control, enabling precise driving of individual electrodes in the electrode array for spatially accurate stimulation. It integrates a miniature wireless energy receiving unit, miniaturized in design and encapsulated in biocompatible materials (polydimethylsiloxane or polyimide), ensuring long-term, stable operation of the implanted device in vivo while guaranteeing its safety and reliability during use. Energy supply is matched to stimulation needs in real time, optimizing power supply efficiency through in vitro-in vivo coil coupling.

[0057] The core components of the micro wireless energy receiving unit include:

[0058] (a) In-body receiving coil: Energy transmission is achieved through magnetic resonance coupling with the external transmitting end (high-frequency magnetic field source) of the energy channel, and the receiving frequency range is 1-10 MHz;

[0059] (b) Rectification and voltage stabilization circuit: converts the received high-frequency alternating current into stable direct current to provide an adaptive voltage (adjustable from 0.1 to 5 V) for the electrode array;

[0060] (c) Dynamic power management unit: adjusts the receiving end load impedance according to the real-time stimulation requirements (such as the instantaneous power consumption when multiple electrodes are activated) to ensure the precise matching of energy supply and stimulation mode.

[0061] The coupling mechanism:

[0062] (a) In vitro-in vivo energy channel: The high-frequency oscillator circuit at the in vitro transmitting end drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, and the in vivo receiving coil captures the magnetic field energy through electromagnetic induction, forming a closed energy loop;

[0063] (b) Impedance matching optimization: By real-time monitoring of the power consumption changes of the implanted device (such as the number of activated electrodes and stimulation intensity), the resonant capacitance value at the receiving end is dynamically adjusted to maintain the optimal coupling efficiency.

[0064] The feedback acquisition module uses implanted flexible electrodes to monitor the electrophysiological response signals of the olfactory pathway, such as action potentials, in real time, acquiring immediate feedback data from the nervous system. The module also features a patient interface and a portable terminal, allowing patients to input scores on odor perception type, intensity, and comfort, enabling personalized adjustment and optimization of the electrical stimulation process.

[0065] The “odor-electrical stimulation” relationship library is specifically:

[0066] By combining different stimulation patterns and olfactory perception, the present invention will establish a library of correspondences between stimulation patterns and the olfactory sensations caused by odors. Through this library, each stimulation pattern corresponds to a specific type of olfactory perception. Specifically, the electrode array applies electrical stimulation with parameters such as specific frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial distribution, causing the olfactory neurons to produce different response patterns. These response patterns correspond one-to-one with the chemical composition and olfactory perception characteristics of the odor, thereby establishing a systematic mapping relationship between stimulation patterns and olfactory perception types. Through this mapping relationship library, the present invention can theoretically achieve the perception of almost all odors through different stimulation patterns.

[0067] The odor-electrical stimulation relationship library utilizes a combined olfactory epithelium-olfactory bulb culture system, precisely controlling odor stimulation using microfluidics technology and simultaneously recording the spatial activation patterns and oscillation characteristics of the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. This established odor coding database can reproduce over 90% of natural neural response patterns in vitro using reverse electrical stimulation. The specific development process includes:

[0068] (1) Establishment of training system:

[0069] In vitro tissue culture technology is used to culture the connecting tissue blocks of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb on a PDMS microfluidic chip to ensure the complete structure and biological activity of the olfactory conduction channel.

[0070] (2) Establishment of an odor-neural response feature library

[0071] A high-density microelectrode array was used to record electrical activity in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, combined with high-speed calcium imaging to capture the spatial activation patterns of neuronal clusters. Each odor stimulus was repeated 10 times, and the following features were extracted:

[0072] Spatial characteristics: the number, distribution density, and topology of activated olfactory bulb neurons;

[0073] Temporal characteristics: initial response latency, power and phase synchronization of neural oscillations in different frequency bands;

[0074] Network characteristics: firing synchrony of mitral / plexiform cell populations (cross-correlation analysis).

[0075] Furthermore, odor molecules and their corresponding neural response patterns are stored by chemical category (alcohols, esters, etc.), including:

[0076] Basic parameters: concentration-response curve, threshold concentration;

[0077] Advanced parameters: synergistic / antagonistic effects of mixed odors (e.g. coffee odor = linear superposition of patterns A + B).

[0078] (3) Reverse optimization of electrical stimulation parameters

[0079] Designing a two-phase electrical stimulation protocol to match natural neural coding:

[0080] Initial burst: short high-frequency pulses simulate rapid activation of the olfactory nerve;

[0081] Sustained oscillation phase: Low-frequency rhythmic stimulation maintains the gamma-band synchronization of mitral cells.

[0082] The effect is assessed by calculating the similarity between the olfactory bulb response evoked by electrical stimulation and the target natural response. If the target is not met, an iterative algorithm (such as the simplex method) is used to adjust the stimulation intensity, frequency, or spatial sequence until the matching error is less than 15%.

[0083] (4) Database application:

[0084] The ex vivo database is embedded in the neural prosthesis control unit. During clinical application, the preset mode is first used to call the most matching stimulation template in the library, and then the parameters are fine-tuned according to the patient's real-time feedback (such as subjective intensity score). New odor molecules are regularly tested through the in vitro system, the database is updated, and the data is pushed wirelessly to the implanted device. During clinical use, the electrode position is adjusted individually in combination with the patient's MRI images to ensure that the stimulation area matches the functional division of the olfactory bulb (such as the dorsomedial glomerulus area corresponding to ester perception).

[0085] The embodiment of the present invention also provides the implantation process of the system:

[0086] The patient undergoes a comprehensive health assessment and olfactory function test. Using minimally invasive surgical techniques, the electrode array is precisely implanted into the target area of ​​the olfactory system (such as the olfactory bulb, olfactory epithelium, or olfactory cortex). Functional neuroimaging techniques (such as fMRI) are used to precisely determine the placement of the electrodes to avoid damage to surrounding tissue. After the electrode array is implanted, real-time monitoring and adjustments are performed to ensure the accuracy of the stimulation area and the effectiveness of the stimulation pattern. A wireless communication module is used to connect the electrode array to the external system to transmit electrical stimulation signals and electrode drive energy.

[0087] Specifically, the process of inducing electrical stimulation through olfactory perception in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0088] The signal output from the odor signal processing module is transmitted to the control unit through the system's internal communication interface to generate a corresponding electrical stimulation pattern. The electrical stimulation pattern includes the following parameters:

[0089] Spatiotemporal parameters: These include the stimulation start time, duration, intervals between current pulses, and the activation order and position of each electrode in the electrode array. These parameters are used to precisely control the temporal progression and spatial distribution of electrical stimulation, ensuring precise positioning of the stimulation area and a natural and smooth perception process.

[0090] Intensity and frequency parameters: By adjusting the intensity of the stimulus to simulate differences in odor concentration, and adjusting the frequency to reproduce the rhythm and changing patterns of different odors, this parameter allows for fine-grained control of the sensory performance of electrical stimulation, thereby more realistically reflecting the diversity and complexity of odors.

[0091] Pulse Type: Defines the pulse characteristics of electrical stimulation, including pulse width, shape, and other related parameters. This parameter is used to simulate different types of stimulation patterns used in odor perception to ensure accurate reproduction of odor characteristics.

[0092] During electrical stimulation, the system sequentially activates target electrodes in the electrode array according to a pre-set coding sequence, simulating the spatial interaction between odor molecules and olfactory receptors. This electrical stimulation triggers action potentials in neurons in the olfactory pathway, generating neural signals equivalent to real odor perception and transmitting them to the brain's olfactory center.

[0093] After the electrical signals are processed by the brain's olfactory center, the patient can regain the ability to perceive odors. Furthermore, the precise positioning of the electrode array and the personalized adjustment of the electrical stimulation pattern help improve the patient's sensitivity and recognition of odors.

[0094] Based on the patient's subjective feedback, the system can optimize the electrical stimulation pattern in real time. Optionally, the patient can further adjust the electrical stimulation pattern by providing feedback on the intensity, type, and duration of the odor, thereby achieving a personalized olfactory restoration plan.

[0095] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, recording of electrophysiological signals of olfactory response includes:

[0096] In order to verify the effect of electrical stimulation and evaluate its impact on nerve conduction, this embodiment uses high-resolution electrophysiological signal recording technology to dynamically monitor the response characteristics of the olfactory nerve pathway after electrical stimulation. Figure 2As shown in (specific experimental process and apparatus), this embodiment uses a rodent (such as a rat) model as the research object, and detects and analyzes the induced electrophysiological signals after electrically stimulating its olfactory nerve pathway. The specific implementation method includes: precisely implanting electrodes into the olfactory nerve conduction pathway (such as the olfactory bulb area), collecting and analyzing the electrophysiological signals of neural activity in real time, so as to quantify the regulatory effect of electrical stimulation on neuronal activation efficiency and signal transmission pathways; by synchronously comparing stimulation parameters (such as intensity, frequency) and neural response characteristics (such as oscillation frequency, synchrony), a spatiotemporal coding association model between the two is established to provide data support for the objective evaluation of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation. In addition, based on the real-time feedback of neural signal characteristics, the system can dynamically optimize the electrical stimulation parameters (such as adjusting the current intensity and pulse width) to ensure the accuracy and safety of the treatment plan, and provide a scientific basis for individualized parameter adaptation and long-term efficacy tracking.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the contents disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered merely as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the claims.

[0098] It should be understood that the above general description and the detailed description that follows are exemplary and explanatory only and do not limit the present application. The present application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis, characterized in that: include: Sensor, electrode array, signal processing module, control unit, wireless transmission module, electrode driving module and feedback acquisition module; The sensor is used to capture odor data in the environment; the electrode array is used to electrically stimulate the olfactory nerve; The signal processing module converts the captured environmental odor information or user instructions into an electrical stimulation coding sequence according to the odor-electrical stimulation relationship library and transmits it to the control unit; The control unit receives the output of the signal processing module and user feedback information in real time, issues stimulation instructions according to the initial coding of the signal processing module, and dynamically optimizes stimulation parameters according to the user feedback information; The wireless transmission module is used to support the interaction between the module in the system and the external terminal; The electrode driving module has multiple independent control functions and drives each electrode in the electrode array to perform neural electrical stimulation according to the electrical stimulation signal of the control unit; The feedback acquisition module is used to obtain neural feedback signals from the nervous system after electrical stimulation.

2. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode array adopts a matrix layout, and the number of channels is configured between 16-128 channels according to the area range and accuracy of stimulation required; the electrode spacing is 50-200 μm to avoid electric field interference, the material is biocompatible material, the electrode diameter is 20-40 μm, and each electrode is independently controlled.

3. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The odor-electrical stimulation relationship library is constructed by in vitro nerve culture, and includes: The olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb connecting tissue blocks were cultured on a PDMS microfluidic chip using in vitro tissue culture technology to ensure the intact structure and biological activity of the olfactory conduction pathway. Establishment of odor-neural response feature library: A high-density microelectrode array was used to record electrical activity in the olfactory bulb, combined with high-speed calcium imaging to capture the spatial activation patterns of neuronal clusters. Each odor stimulus was repeated 10 times, and the following features were extracted: Spatial characteristics: the number, distribution density, and topology of activated olfactory bulb neurons; Temporal characteristics: initial response latency, power and phase synchronization of neural oscillations in different frequency bands; Network characteristics: firing synchronization of mitral / plexiform cell populations; Odor molecules and their corresponding neural response patterns are stored by chemical category, including: Basic parameters: concentration-response curve, threshold concentration; Advanced parameters: synergistic / antagonistic effects of mixed odors; The electrical stimulation encoding of odor-neural response correspondences includes: Designing a two-phase electrical stimulation protocol to match natural neural coding: Initial burst: short high-frequency pulses simulate rapid activation of the olfactory nerve; Sustained oscillation phase: low-frequency rhythmic stimulation maintains the synchronization of mitral / plexiform cells; The effect was evaluated by calculating the similarity between the olfactory bulb response induced by electrical stimulation and the target natural response. If the target was not met, an iterative algorithm was used to adjust the stimulation intensity, frequency or spatial sequence until the matching error was <15%.

4. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit also includes a stimulation intensity threshold monitoring function, which stops the electrical stimulation when the electrical stimulation intensity exceeds the safety limit threshold.

5. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode driving module is further integrated with a micro wireless energy receiving unit for converting the high-frequency magnetic field of the external transmitting end into direct current for use by the electrode driving module.

6. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 5, characterized in that: The micro wireless energy receiving unit specifically includes: In-body receiving coil: It realizes energy transmission through magnetic resonance coupling with the external transmitting end of the energy channel, and the receiving frequency range is 1-10MHz; Rectification and voltage stabilization circuit: converts the received high-frequency alternating current into stable direct current to provide the appropriate voltage for the electrode array; Dynamic Power Management Unit: Adjusts the receiving end load impedance according to real-time stimulation needs to ensure precise matching of energy supply and stimulation mode.

7. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external terminal includes: a medical-side control platform for doctors to set stimulation parameters, monitor nerve signals, and adjust treatment plans; a patient-side portable terminal with an integrated touch interface for real-time feedback on odor perception intensity, type, and comfort score.

8. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameters of the electrical stimulation coding sequence include: Spatiotemporal parameters: including the onset and duration of stimulation, the interval between current pulses, and the activation order and position of each electrode in the electrode array; Intensity and frequency parameters: By adjusting the intensity of the stimulus to simulate differences in odor concentration, the frequency is adjusted to reproduce the rhythm and changing pattern of different odors; Pulse type: defines the pulse characteristics of electrical stimulation, including pulse width and shape.

9. The electrical stimulation control system for olfactory reconstruction of a neural prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The user instructions include scent intensity, type, and duration.

Images