Integrally-formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology and preparation method of integrally-formed composite material structure

Abstract

According to the integrally-formed composite material structure based on the three-dimensional printing and casting technology and the preparation method of the integrally-formed composite material structure, the preparation method of the integrally-formed composite material structure comprises the three steps that firstly, three-dimensional printing is conducted on a first metal material to obtain a metal insert, and then aftertreatment is conducted; and finally, the second metal material is heated to be in a molten state, and finally the integrally-formed composite material structure is obtained. According to the method, the 3D printing metal insert is precisely designed to be in butt joint with a traditional casting process, an integrated composite metal structure is formed, and the precision and sealing performance of mold assembly are ensured. And moreover, the complex-shaped material is manufactured through 3D printing, complex material forming which is difficult to complete through a traditional manufacturing process can be achieved, the requirements of different fields for manufacturing the complex-shaped metal material are met, and the limitation of a traditional titanium-aluminum compounding process is broken through. The integrally-formed composite material structure is a material with high precision, high strength and good surface smoothness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of materials science and engineering technology, and in particular to an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are three main types of material forming technologies: traditional casting, plastic forming, and 3D printing. Traditional casting involves pouring molten metal into a mold cavity tailored to the material's shape and dimensions, then allowing it to cool and solidify to produce the resulting material. This process is commonly referred to as molten metal forming or casting. Casting, as a common metal forming process, offers significant advantages in producing large quantities of high-precision, complex-shaped metal materials. However, the manufacturing process of traditional casting molds has many limitations. For example, it is difficult to achieve complex crystal structures and lattice structures in molds. This leads to uneven mold temperature distribution during the casting process, which can easily cause defects such as deformation and shrinkage cavities in the casting, compromising casting quality. Furthermore, the manufacturing cycle for casting molds is long and costly. For small-batch, customized product production, traditional casting processes are less economical, and complex internal structures are difficult to achieve. Plastic forming, on the other hand, utilizes the plasticity of metal materials to induce plastic deformation under the action of a tool and mold, thereby producing materials with defined shapes, dimensions, and mechanical properties. There are many different types of plastic forming, including forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing, and stamping. However, plastic forming requires the metal material to possess excellent plasticity. For some metal materials with poor plasticity, such as certain high-strength steel alloys and titanium alloys, plastic forming is difficult and requires specialized processes and equipment. Molds are essential tools in plastic forming, and their design and manufacture require a high level of technical expertise and considerable cost. This is especially true for parts with complex shapes, where mold design and manufacturing are particularly challenging and expensive. Three-dimensional printing, a rapid prototyping technology, can effectively address the challenge of manufacturing complex shapes. 3D printing can create objects of various complex shapes by layering materials based on a three-dimensional model. It offers advantages such as high design freedom, short manufacturing cycles, and the absence of molds, making it particularly suitable for manufacturing materials with complex crystal structures. However, 3D printing has limitations in terms of material selection and molding efficiency. For some metal materials that require mass production, using 3D printing alone is costly and inefficient, and its strength and durability may be insufficient in some applications. Furthermore, while 3D printing can produce complex structures, it also has limitations in terms of material properties and production efficiency. Currently, it's common to use 3D printing and casting processes independently, but effective integration of the two still requires further refinement and innovation. Existing fabrication technologies struggle to balance the demands of complex structure manufacturing, high-quality material production, and low costs with short turnaround times.

[0003] Composite metal materials refer to materials with new properties that are formed by metallurgically bonding two or more metals with different chemical and mechanical properties at the interface using composite technology. Currently, common composite metal material preparation processes include powder metallurgy, diffusion bonding, and in-situ synthesis, but they all have obvious shortcomings. For example, powder metallurgy has strict requirements on the quality and particle size of powder, and the cost of powder preparation is relatively high. At the same time, high pressure, high temperature and other conditions are required during the preparation process, and the process control is relatively difficult. The diffusion bonding method has extremely high requirements on the flatness and cleanliness of the connection surface, and the pretreatment process is complex, making it difficult to achieve mass production, which limits its application in large-scale industrial production. The in-situ synthesis method is difficult to accurately control the reaction, and it is easy to have incomplete reactions or generate harmful phases. Most in-situ synthesis methods are still in the laboratory research stage, and there are still some technical difficulties in achieving industrial large-scale production.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, it is necessary to provide an one-piece composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology and a preparation method thereof to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first objective of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for fabricating an integrally formed composite material structure using 3D printing and casting processes. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional casting processes and is capable of producing composite materials with complex shapes. The resulting integrally formed composite materials exhibit high precision and strength, while also shortening production cycles and reducing costs.

[0006] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Performing three-dimensional printing on a first metal material to obtain a metal insert, wherein the metal insert has a porous structure; S2, post-processing the metal insert obtained in S1 to obtain a treated metal insert; S3, heating the second metal material to a molten state, then injecting the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2, and then cooling, to finally obtain the one-piece composite material structure with the treated metal insert as the shell.

[0007] Preferably, the melting point of the second metal material is lower than the melting point of the first metal material.

[0008] Preferably, the metal insert is composed of a plurality of unit cell structures.

[0009] Preferably, the unit cell structure is a triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure.

[0010] Preferably, the triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure is a Gyroid structure, a Diamond structure or a Schwarz structure.

[0011] Preferably, the above S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1, perform ultrasonic degreasing on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.2; S2.2, pickling the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.3; S2.3, perform plasma cleaning on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.4; S2.4, perform magnetic grinding on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.5; S2.5. Sandblasting the metal insert to obtain the treated metal insert.

[0012] Preferably, the above S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Then add the metal insert to the ultrasonic cleaning machine. Control the temperature to 30°C to 70°C and the current to 2A to 5A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 2 to 8 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is completed, proceed to S2.2. The amount of degreasing powder used is 40 g / L to 80 g / L. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 40°C to 90°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.2m³ / H to 1.0m³ / H for 2 to 8 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 2 to 10:1. S2.3. Place the metal insert in a plasma cleaning machine for cleaning at a gas flow rate of 100 mL / min to 500 mL / min and a gas cleaning time of 150 s to 350 s. After the plasma cleaning is completed, proceed to S2.4. The gas is at least one of argon, oxygen, or hydrogen. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinder and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 20 minutes to 40 minutes, and the grinding frequency is 50 Hz to 60 Hz. S2.5. Sandblast the metal insert to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: a grit size of 150 to 320 meshes, a sandblasting pressure of 0.1 MPa to 0.8 MPa, a spray gun distance of 30 mm to 200 mm, and a sandblasting angle of 15° to 45°.

[0013] Preferably, the above S2.3 is specifically: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min to 300 mL / min. The gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to oxygen is 1:0.3 to 0.5. The gas purge time is 70 s to 150 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min to 500 mL / min, the gas is argon, and the gas purge time is 10 s to 50 s, then proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min to 300 mL / min. The gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:1.5 to 2.0. The gas cleaning time is 70 s to 150 s. After completion, enter S2.4.

[0014] Preferably, the above S1 is specifically to spread the powder of the first metal material layer by layer through a laser selective melting 3D printing process, and then to laser melt and accumulate the powder to finally obtain the metal insert.

[0015] Preferably, the printing parameters of the above-mentioned laser selective melting 3D printing process are: laser power is 120 W to 250 W; scanning speed is 1000 mm / s to 1500 mm / s, layer thickness is controlled to be 30 μm to 60 μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99%, and the oxygen content is <0.1%.

[0016] Preferably, the above S3 is performed by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 410°C to 750°C until the second metal material is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 250°C to 350°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 at a vacuum of 150 mbar to 350 mbar and an injection speed of 0.1 m / s to 0.6 m / s. S3.2. Cooling, and then cutting to obtain the one-piece composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting are as follows: a cutting speed of 20 m / min to 60 m / min, a feed rate of 0.05 mm / r to 0.25 mm / r, and a cutting depth of 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the first metal material is titanium or stainless steel.

[0018] Preferably, the second metal material is aluminum, zinc or magnesium.

[0019] The second metal material is aluminum, zinc or magnesium; When the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å to 3.2 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.3 to 0.6, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.3 to 0.35, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 100 GPa to 160 GPa; When the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.9 Å to 3.3 Å, the curved surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.4 to 0.7, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.28 to 0.33, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 80 GPa to 140 GPa; When the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å to 3.1 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.6 mm to 2.5 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.25 to 0.55, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.32 to 0.38, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 45 GPa to 110 GPa.

[0020] A second object of the present invention is to provide an integrally formed composite material structure that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and can have a complex shape and has the advantages of high precision, high strength, and good surface finish.

[0021] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: Provided is an integrally formed composite material structure, which is prepared by the above-mentioned integrally formed composite material structure preparation method based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology.

[0022] The shear resistance of the one-piece composite material structure is greater than 200 MPa.

[0023] The present invention discloses an integrated composite material structure based on 3D printing and casting processes and a method for preparing the same. The method comprises the following steps: S1, 3D printing a first metal material to obtain a porous metal insert; S2, post-processing the metal insert obtained in S1 to obtain a treated metal insert; S3, heating a second metal material to a molten state, injecting the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2, and cooling the metal insert to obtain the integrated composite material structure with the treated metal insert as the shell; the melting point of the second metal material is lower than that of the first metal material. The present invention integrates the precisely designed 3D-printed metal insert with the traditional casting process to form an integrated composite metal structure, ensuring the precision and sealing of mold assembly. Furthermore, the present invention utilizes 3D printing to manufacture complex-shaped materials, enabling the molding of complex materials that are difficult to accomplish using traditional manufacturing processes. This meets the needs of various fields for manufacturing complex-shaped metal materials and overcomes the limitations of traditional titanium-aluminum composite processes. The resulting integrated composite material structure exhibits high precision, high strength, and excellent surface finish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the one-piece composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 The detection diagram of the composite material structure is obtained when the unit cell structure of the metal insert is a Gyroid structure.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Magnified image of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions of the present invention are further illustrated with reference to the following examples. The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods. The raw materials and reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores or pharmaceutical companies. The degreasing powder was model SY-W301B and was purchased from Shenzhen Yinhaida Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0028] Example 1: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology, such as Figures 1 to 3, including the following steps: S1. Performing three-dimensional printing on a first metal material to obtain a metal insert, wherein the metal insert has a porous structure; S2, post-processing the metal insert obtained in S1 to obtain a treated metal insert; S3, heating the second metal material to a molten state, then injecting the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2, and then cooling, to finally obtain the one-piece composite material structure with the treated metal insert as the shell.

[0029] The metal insert of the present invention is preliminarily designed in computer-aided design software, such as UG, by designing a model of the metal insert and adding the required unit cell structure. The metal insert model is sliced ​​into thin layers using slicing software Magics, and a printing path and support structure are generated. The slice file is imported into the SLM device for three-dimensional printing.

[0030] It should be noted that the purpose of the porous structure of the metal insert of the present invention is: 1. To increase the surface area of ​​the metal insert, thereby increasing the contact area between the metal insert and the second metal material, thereby improving the strength of the one-piece composite material structure; 2. The increased surface area of ​​the metal insert is conducive to cooling and heat dissipation during casting with the second metal material; 3. The porous structure of the present invention is also conducive to reducing the material consumption in the 3D printing process, thereby reducing the cost of 3D printing.

[0031] The present invention further designs the porous structure into a triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure. This is because, compared to other porous structures, the triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure can further reduce the material usage during 3D printing, thereby reducing the weight of the metal insert. The TPMS can achieve a lightweighting rate of 60% to 90% while maintaining a high volume share. The metal insert of the first metal of the present invention is formed into a triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure through 3D printing. This significantly reduces the usage of the first metal, further lightweighting the metal insert, and further increases the surface area of ​​the metal insert. This further increases the contact area with the molten second metal material during the S2 casting process, thereby improving the strength of the one-piece composite material structure. It can also further reduce the weight of the one-piece composite material structure. The triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure has a uniform surface curvature distribution, more balanced stress transfer, and avoids the stress concentration problem of traditional porous structures such as cubic grids. When the second metal material is injected into the metal insert composed of TPMS, the applicant has found that it can significantly improve the strength of the final product. The triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure of the present invention can be a Gyroid structure, a Diamond structure, or a Schwarz structure, etc., which can be determined according to actual conditions. The triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure of this embodiment is specifically a Gyroid structure.

[0032] S1 of the present invention specifically involves using a laser selective melting 3D printing process to spread the powder of the first metal material layer by layer, laser melt and accumulate it, and finally obtain a metal insert; the printing parameters of the laser selective melting 3D printing process are: laser power of 120 W to 250 W; scanning speed of 1000 mm / s to 1500 mm / s, layer thickness controlled to 30μm to 60μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99% and the oxygen content is <0.1%. It should be noted that the laser selective melting 3D printing process and printing parameters of the present invention can print finer and more complex porous structures, while effectively preventing oxidation of the first metal material during the printing process, thereby improving the strength of the metal insert. The density of the first metal material in the present invention is greater than that of the second metal material. Therefore, under the same volume, the porous structure of the metal insert can increase the proportion of the second metal material, further reducing the weight of the one-piece composite material structure.

[0033] The printing parameters of the laser selective melting 3D printing process in this embodiment are as follows: laser power is 250W; scanning speed is 1500mm / s, layer thickness is controlled to be 60μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99%, and the oxygen content is <0.1%.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.3 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 2.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.6, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.35, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 160 GPa.

[0035] The lattice constant is the length (mm) of the repetitive period of a single TPMS unit in space. The offset must satisfy tmin = minimum wall thickness / lattice constant. Since the second metal liquid needs to penetrate into the metal insert composed of TPMS, a larger lattice constant facilitates the penetration of the second metal liquid. Although a smaller lattice constant can improve local stiffness, it is necessary to combine relative density optimization with the minimum molding size of the printer. Within the above range of the present invention, the comprehensive conditions such as relative density, printer feasibility, and local stiffness can be balanced. The surface offset t is the parameter that controls the thickness of the TPMS surface. t directly determines the density (in Gyroid: ρ∝t). The minimum wall thickness must meet the strength requirements after lightweighting and space filling: the metal printing wall thickness ≥ 0.1mm (depending on the material and printer). The lattice constant range of the present invention is jointly determined based on the second metal material composition and the structural performance requirements of the one-piece molded composite material; the surface offset range is determined based on the printing equipment precision and process adjustment to ensure dimensional accuracy and quality; the unit size range is selected based on the mechanical properties of the one-piece molded composite material structure and the printing efficiency requirements; the relative density range is determined based on specific application requirements and structural design; the Poisson's ratio range is affected by the second metal material composition and the structural complexity of the one-piece molded composite material structure; and the Young's modulus range is adjusted by adjusting the second metal material composition and the one-piece molded composite material structural parameters.

[0036] It's also important to emphasize that because the metal inserts are composed of these complex triple-periodic minimal surface lattices, conventional casting techniques are infeasible for producing them. Therefore, they can only be produced through 3D printing. Even disregarding the microscopic porous structure of the metal inserts, 3D printing can still achieve complex macroscopic shapes, thereby increasing the design diversity of monolithic composite structures.

[0037] The first metal material and the second metal material of the present invention are two materials of different materials, and there is a difference in color between the different materials. In addition, the metal insert of the present invention has a porous structure and serves as a shell. The molten second metal material will flow through the porous structure to the surface of the metal insert. Therefore, the one-piece molded composite material structure obtained by the present invention has a specific and unique texture structure, which improves the aesthetics of the one-piece molded composite material structure.

[0038] S2 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S2.1, perform ultrasonic degreasing on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.2; S2.2, pickling the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.3; S2.3, perform plasma cleaning on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.4; S2.4, perform magnetic grinding on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.5; S2.5. Sandblast the metal insert to obtain a treated metal insert.

[0039] It should be noted that in S2, the present invention sequentially undergoes ultrasonic degreasing, pickling, plasma cleaning, magnetic grinding, and sandblasting. The ultrasonic degreasing process removes lubricating oil, mold release agent, hand sweat, or other organic contaminants from the metal insert, preventing the oil from interfering with the metal surface during subsequent pickling and plasma cleaning processes. The pickling process removes the oxide layer formed on the metal insert's surface during the high-temperature 3D printing process and removes residual powder. The plasma cleaning process further removes micron-sized contaminants, extremely thin oxide layers, and trace amounts of organic matter. The magnetic grinding process removes tiny burrs and support structure residues from the edges and openings of the metal insert, smoothing the metal insert's surface and facilitating easier entry of the molten second metal material. Furthermore, at a microscopic level, magnetic grinding prevents the formation of closed pores in the porous structure. Such closed pores prevent liquid metal from penetrating, forming voids and reducing the strength of the monolithic composite material. The purpose of sandblasting is to completely remove the oxide scale, residual or severely adhered first metal powder, and form a microscopic concave-convex structure through the impact of high-speed sand particles, thereby increasing the surface area and improving the adhesion of the molten second metal material.

[0040] Specifically, S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaner. Then, place the metal insert in the ultrasonic cleaner. Control the temperature to 30°C and the current to 5A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 2 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is complete, proceed to S2.2. Use 40g / L of degreasing powder. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 40°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 1.0 m³ / H for 8 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 10:1. S2.3 is specifically: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases to be argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 1:0.5, and the gas purge time to 150 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 500 mL / min, the gas to argon, the gas purge time to 50 s, and proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:2.0. The gas purge time is 150 s. After completion, proceed to S2.4. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinder and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 20 minutes and the grinding frequency is 60 Hz. S2.5. The metal insert is sandblasted to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: the grit size is 320 meshes, the sandblasting pressure is 0.8 MPa, the spray gun distance is 200 mm, and the sandblasting angle is 45°.

[0041] S3 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 750°C until it is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 350°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 under a vacuum of 150 mbar and an injection speed of 0.1 m / s. S3.2. Then cool it, and then perform cutting processing after cooling to finally obtain an integrated composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting processing are: cutting speed of 20 m / min, feed rate of 0.05 mm / r, and cutting depth of 0.1 mm.

[0042] This method for preparing an integrated composite material structure based on 3D printing and casting processes forms an integrated composite metal structure by precisely designing 3D printed metal inserts and connecting them with traditional casting processes, ensuring the accuracy and sealing of mold assembly. In addition, the present invention's method of manufacturing complex-shaped materials through 3D printing can achieve complex material molding that is difficult to accomplish with traditional manufacturing processes, meeting the needs of various fields for manufacturing complex-shaped metal materials and breaking through the limitations of traditional titanium-aluminum composite processes. The integrated composite material structure obtained by the present invention has high precision, high strength, and good surface finish.

[0043] Example 2: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on a 3D printing and casting process, with other features being the same as those of Example 1, except that: S1 specifically involves laying powder of a first metal material layer by layer through a laser selective melting 3D printing process, laser melting and depositing the powder to ultimately obtain a metal insert; The printing parameters of the laser selective melting 3D printing process are as follows: laser power is 250W; scanning speed is 1500mm / s, layer thickness is controlled to be 60μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99%, and the oxygen content is <0.1%.

[0044] The first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.2 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.1 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.5 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.3, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.30, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 100 GPa.

[0045] Wherein S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaner. Then, place the metal insert in the ultrasonic cleaner. Control the temperature to 70°C and the current to 2A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 8 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is complete, proceed to S2.2. Use 80g / L of degreasing powder. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 90°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.2 m³ / H for 2 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 2:1. S2.3 is specifically: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min, the gases to be argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 1:0.3, and the gas purge time to 70 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gas to argon, the gas purge time to 30 s, and proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min, the gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:1.5. The gas purge time is 70 s. After completion, proceed to S2.4. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinding machine and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 40 minutes and the grinding frequency is 50 Hz. S2.5. The metal insert is sandblasted to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: a grit size of 150 meshes, a sandblasting pressure of 0.1 MPa, a spray gun distance of 30 mm, and a sandblasting angle of 45°.

[0046] S3 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 650°C until it is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 250°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 under a vacuum of 350 mbar and an injection speed of 0.6 m / s. S3.2. Then cool it, and then perform cutting processing after cooling to finally obtain an integrated composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting processing are: cutting speed of 60 m / min, feed rate of 0.25 mm / r, and cutting depth of 0.1 mm.

[0047] Example 3: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on a 3D printing and casting process, with other features being the same as those of Example 1, except that: S1 specifically involves spreading powder of a first metal material layer by layer through a laser selective melting 3D printing process, laser melting and depositing the powder to ultimately obtain a metal insert; The printing parameters of the laser selective melting 3D printing process are as follows: laser power is 200W; scanning speed is 1200mm / s, layer thickness is controlled to be 40μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99%, and the oxygen content is <0.1%.

[0048] The first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.0 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.2 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 1.2 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.4, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.32, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 130 GPa.

[0049] Wherein S2 is performed by the following steps: S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaner. Then, add the metal insert to the ultrasonic cleaner. Control the temperature to 45°C and the current to 3A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is completed, proceed to S2.2. Use 60g / L of degreasing powder. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 63°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.6 m³ / H for 5 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 6:1. S2.3 is specifically: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 200 mL / min, the gases to be argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 1:0.4, and the gas purge time to 110 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 400 mL / min, the gas to argon, the gas purge time to 30 s, and proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 200 mL / min, the gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:1.7. The gas purge time is 110 s. After completion, proceed to S2.4. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinding machine and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 30 minutes and the grinding frequency is 60 Hz. S2.5. The metal insert is sandblasted to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: the grit size is 250 mesh, the sandblasting pressure is 0.5 MPa, the spray gun distance is 100 mm, and the sandblasting angle is 30°.

[0050] S3 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 700°C until it is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 300°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 under a vacuum of 250 mbar and an injection speed of 0.4 m / s. S3.2. The material is then cooled and subjected to cutting processing to finally obtain an integrally formed composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting processing are: cutting speed 40 m / min, feed rate 0.15 mm / r, and cutting depth 1 mm.

[0051] Example 4: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes. Other features are the same as those of Example 3, except that the triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure is a Schwarz structure.

[0052] Example 5: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that the triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure is a Diamond structure.

[0053] Example 6: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.3 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.5 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 3.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.7, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.33, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 140 GPa.

[0054] S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 450°C to melt it, and at the same time heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 300°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 under a vacuum condition of 250 mbar and an injection speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0055] Example 7: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 6, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.9 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.2 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.8 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.4, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.28, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 80 GPa.

[0056] Example 8: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 6, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.1 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.3 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 1.8 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.6, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.31, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 100 GPa.

[0057] Example 9: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.3 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 2.5 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.55, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.38, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 110 GPa.

[0058] S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 600°C to melt it, and simultaneously heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 300°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 under a vacuum condition of 250 mbar and an injection speed of 0.4 m / s.

[0059] Example 10: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 9, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.1 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.6 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.6 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.25, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.32, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 45 GPa.

[0060] Example 11: An integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 9, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.0Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.4 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 1.5 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.35, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.35, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 80 GPa.

[0061] Comparative Example 1: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that: the plasma cleaning treatment step is missing.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that: the magnetic grinding treatment step is missing.

[0063] Comparative Example 3: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that the sandblasting step is missing.

[0064] Comparative Example 4: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that: S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaner. Then, add the metal insert to the ultrasonic cleaner. Control the temperature to 45°C and the current to 3A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is complete, proceed to S2.2. Use 20g / L of degreasing powder. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 35°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.6 m³ / H for 5 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 13:1. S2.3 specifically states: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases to be argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 1:0.2, and the gas purge time to 110 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gas to argon, the gas purge time to 30 s, and proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:1. The gas purge time is 110 s. After completion, proceed to S2.4. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinding machine and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 30 minutes and the grinding frequency is 60 Hz. S2.5. The metal insert is sandblasted to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: a grit size of 400 meshes, a sandblasting pressure of 1.0 MPa, a spray gun distance of 100 mm, and a sandblasting angle of 30°.

[0065] S3 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 700°C until it is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 230°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 at a vacuum of 100 mbar and an injection speed of 0.8 m / s. S3.2. The material is then cooled and subjected to cutting processing to finally obtain an integrally formed composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting processing are: cutting speed 80 m / min, feed rate 0.15 mm / r, and cutting depth 1 mm.

[0066] Comparative Example 5: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, with other features being the same as those of Example 3, except that: S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaner. Then, add the metal insert to the ultrasonic cleaner. Control the temperature to 45°C and the current to 3A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is complete, proceed to S2.2. Use 20g / L of degreasing powder. S2.2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 90°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.6 m³ / H for 5 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 1:1. S2.3 specifically states: S2.3.1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.2. S2.3.2. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases to be argon and oxygen, with a volume ratio of argon to oxygen of 1:1, and the gas purge time to 110 s. Proceed to S2.3.3. S2.3.3. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gas to argon, the gas purge time to 30 s, and proceed to S2.3.4. S2.3.4. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min, the gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:3.0. The gas purge time is 110 s. After completion, proceed to S2.4. S2.4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinding machine and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 30 minutes and the grinding frequency is 60 Hz. S2.5. The metal insert is sandblasted to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: the grit size is 100 mesh, the sandblasting pressure is 1.0 MPa, the spray gun distance is 100 mm, and the sandblasting angle is 30°.

[0067] S3 of the present invention is carried out by the following steps: S3.1. Heat the second metal material to 700°C until it is molten. Simultaneously, heat the treated metal insert obtained in S2 to 400°C. Then, inject the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2 at a vacuum of 400 mbar and an injection speed of 0.8 m / s. S3.2. The material is then cooled and subjected to cutting processing to finally obtain an integrally formed composite material structure; the process parameters of the cutting processing are: cutting speed 80 m / min, feed rate 0.15 mm / r, and cutting depth 1 mm.

[0068] Comparative Example 6: A method for preparing an one-piece composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology. The other features are the same as those of Example 3, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.5Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.5mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.4mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.7, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.28, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 170GPa.

[0069] Comparative Example 7: A method for preparing an one-piece composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 8, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.6mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.6 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.8, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.34, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 150GPa.

[0070] Comparative Example 8: A method for preparing an integrally molded composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 11, except that: the first metal material is specifically titanium, the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 3.2 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.2 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 2.6 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.24, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.30, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 120 GPa.

[0071] Comparative Example 9: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, with other features being the same as those of Example 3, except that the unit cell structure is a Kagome lattice structure.

[0072] Comparative Example 10: A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes, the other features of which are the same as those of Example 3, except that the unit cell structure is a Neovius lattice structure.

[0073] Test Case According to ASTM D5379 / D5379M, the one-piece composite material structures obtained in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were tested. In the one-piece composite material structure, the first metal material and the second metal material formed a plate-shaped protrusion. The shear force of the one-piece composite material structure was tested through the plate-shaped protrusion using a universal testing machine, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1. Shear resistance of one-piece composite material structures porous structure Second metal material Shear resistance / MPa Example 1 Gyroid structure aluminum 226 Example 2 Gyroid structure aluminum 214 Example 3 Gyroid structure aluminum 235 Example 4 Schwarz structure aluminum 201 Example 5 Diamond structure aluminum 208 Example 6 Gyroid structure zinc 160 Example 7 Gyroid structure zinc 156 Example 8 Gyroid structure zinc 166 Example 9 Gyroid structure magnesium 88 Example 10 Gyroid structure magnesium 86 Example 11 Gyroid structure magnesium 93 Comparative Example 1 Gyroid structure aluminum 116 Comparative Example 2 Gyroid structure aluminum 146 Comparative Example 3 Gyroid structure aluminum 164 Comparative Example 4 Gyroid structure aluminum 188 Comparative Example 5 Gyroid structure aluminum 173 Comparative Example 6 Gyroid structure aluminum 204 Comparative Example 7 Gyroid structure zinc 143 Comparative Example 8 Gyroid structure magnesium 77 Comparative Example 9 Kagome lattice structure aluminum 134 Comparative Example 10 Neovius lattice structure aluminum 156 Table 1 shows that the shear resistance of the monolithic composite structures obtained by the present invention exceeds 200 MPa. When the triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure is a Gyroid structure, the shear resistance reaches a maximum of 235 MPa. This indicates that the shear resistance of the Gyroid structure is higher than that of the Schwarz and Diamond structures. Compared with other triple-periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structures, the Gyroid structure lacks obvious stress concentration points and has relatively consistent mechanical properties in different directions, resulting in uniform strength of the monolithic composite structure. Furthermore, the Gyroid structure has a continuous and regular curved surface, which facilitates relatively uniform heat conduction in all directions during the S2 casting process, preventing localized overheating or overcooling.

[0075] It can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 that the metal insert of the present invention can fully combine with the second metal material only under the prescribed post-processing operation and casting conditions, and the resulting one-piece composite material structure has the highest shear force.

[0076] Since the physical properties of aluminum, zinc and magnesium, such as elongation and impact toughness, are different, through Example 3 and Comparative Example 6, Example 8 and Comparative Example 7, Example 11 and Comparative Example 8 of the present invention, when other conditions are the same, the ranges of the lattice constant, surface offset, unit size, relative density, Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus of the corresponding unit cell structure of aluminum, zinc and magnesium also affect the shear resistance of the composite material structure. When the lattice constant, surface offset, unit size, relative density, Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus are within the specific ranges of the present invention, the shear resistance is relatively high.

[0077] Example 12: An integrally formed composite material structure is prepared by the integrally formed composite material structure preparation method based on three-dimensional printing and casting processes of Examples 1 to 11.

[0078] The above test data show that the shear resistance of the one-piece composite material structure of the present invention is greater than 200 MPa.

[0079] This one-piece composite material structure is formed by precisely designing 3D-printed metal inserts and docking them with traditional casting processes to form an integrated composite metal structure, ensuring the accuracy and sealing of mold assembly. In addition, the present invention's method of manufacturing complex-shaped materials through 3D printing can achieve complex material molding that is difficult to accomplish with traditional manufacturing processes, meeting the needs of various fields for manufacturing complex-shaped metal materials and breaking through the limitations of traditional titanium-aluminum composite processes. The one-piece composite material structure obtained by the present invention has high precision, high strength, and good surface finish.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Performing three-dimensional printing on a first metal material to obtain a metal insert, wherein the metal insert has a porous structure; S2, post-processing the metal insert obtained in S1 to obtain a treated metal insert; S3, heating the second metal material to a molten state, then injecting the molten second metal material into the treated metal insert obtained in S2, and then cooling, to finally obtain the one-piece composite material structure with the treated metal insert as the shell; The melting point of the second metal material is lower than the melting point of the first metal material.

2. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal insert is composed of a plurality of unit cell structures.

3. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The unit cell structure is a triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure.

4. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The triple periodic minimal surface TPMS lattice structure is a Gyroid structure, a Diamond structure or a Schwarz structure.

5. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.1, perform ultrasonic degreasing on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.2; S2.2, pickling the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.3; S2.3, perform plasma cleaning on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.4; S2.4, perform magnetic grinding on the metal insert, and then proceed to S2.5; S2.

5. Sandblasting the metal insert to obtain the treated metal insert.

6. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S2 is performed by the following steps: S2.

1. Mix degreasing powder and water and add to an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Then add the metal insert to the ultrasonic cleaning machine. Control the temperature to 30°C to 70°C and the current to 2A to 5A. Perform ultrasonic cleaning for 2 to 8 minutes. After ultrasonic degreasing is completed, proceed to S2.

2. The amount of degreasing powder used is 40 g / L to 80 g / L. S2.

2. Add the metal insert to the pickling solution, control the temperature to 40°C to 90°C, and introduce air at an aeration rate of 0.2m³ / H to 1.0m³ / H for 2 to 8 minutes. After the pickling is completed, proceed to S2.

3. The pickling solution is a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, with a weight ratio of phosphoric acid to sulfuric acid of 2 to 10:

1. S2.

3. Place the metal insert in a plasma cleaning machine for cleaning at a gas flow rate of 100 mL / min to 500 mL / min and a gas cleaning time of 150 s to 350 s. After the plasma cleaning is completed, proceed to S2.

4. The gas is at least one of argon, oxygen, or hydrogen. S2.

4. Place the metal insert in a magnetic grinder and add grinding fluid and magnetic grinding needles for grinding. After the magnetic grinding process is completed, proceed to S2.

5. The magnetic grinding needles are 304 stainless steel needles. The grinding time is 20 minutes to 40 minutes, and the grinding frequency is 50 Hz to 60 Hz. S2.

5. Sandblast the metal insert to obtain the treated metal insert. The parameters of the sandblasting are as follows: a grit size of 150 to 320 meshes, a sandblasting pressure of 0.1 MPa to 0.8 MPa, a spray gun distance of 30 mm to 200 mm, and a sandblasting angle of 15° to 45°.

7. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S2.3 is specifically: S2.3.

1. Place the metal insert in the plasma cleaning machine and proceed to S2.3.

2. S2.3.

2. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min to 300 mL / min. The gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to oxygen is 1:0.3 to 0.

5. The gas purge time is 70 s to 150 s. Proceed to S2.3.

3. S2.3.

3. Control the gas flow rate to 300 mL / min to 500 mL / min, the gas is argon, and the gas purge time is 10 s to 50 s, then proceed to S2.3.

4. S2.3.

4. Control the gas flow rate to 100 mL / min to 300 mL / min. The gases are argon and oxygen, and the volume ratio of argon to hydrogen is 1:1.5 to 2.

0. The gas cleaning time is 70 s to 150 s. After completion, enter S2.

4.

8. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Specifically, S1 comprises spreading the powder of the first metal material layer by layer through a laser selective melting 3D printing process, and then laser melting and stacking the powder to finally obtain the metal insert; The printing parameters of the laser selective melting 3D printing process are as follows: laser power of 120 W to 250 W; scanning speed of 1000 mm / s to 1500 mm / s, layer thickness control of 30 μm to 60 μm; gas protection is argon, and the purity of argon is ≥99.99% and the oxygen content is <0.1%.

9. The method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting technology according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The first metal material is titanium or stainless steel; The lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å to 3.3 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.25 to 0.7, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.28 to 0.38, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 45 GPa to 160 GPa; The second metal material is aluminum, zinc or magnesium; When the second metal material is aluminum, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å to 3.2 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.3 to 0.6, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.3 to 0.35, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 100 GPa to 160 GPa; When the second metal material is zinc, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.9 Å to 3.3 Å, the curved surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.4 to 0.7, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.28 to 0.33, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 80 GPa to 140 GPa; When the second metal material is magnesium, the lattice constant of the unit cell structure is 2.8 Å to 3.1 Å, the surface offset of the unit cell structure is 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm, the unit size of the unit cell structure is 0.6 mm to 2.5 mm, the relative density of the unit cell structure is 0.25 to 0.55, the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is 0.32 to 0.38, and the Young's modulus of the unit cell structure is 45 GPa to 110 GPa.

10. An integrally formed composite material structure, characterized in that: Prepared by the method for preparing an integrally formed composite material structure based on three-dimensional printing and casting process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; The shear resistance of the one-piece composite material structure is greater than 200 MPa.

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