Superconducting dipolar magnet structure for particle accelerator

Abstract

The invention relates to a superconducting dipolar magnet structure for a particle accelerator, which comprises two saddle-shaped coils and two runway-shaped coils which are formed by winding superconducting cables, and the coils jointly form a particle beam channel with a rectangular cross section; the two saddle-shaped coils are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode, and the runway-shaped coils are arranged at the positions of middle pole heads in the saddle-shaped coils respectively. The superconducting dipolar magnet structure for the particle accelerator is formed by winding the superconducting cable, the magnetic field intensity is high, only a refrigerating machine needs to maintain a low-temperature environment, the energy consumption is low, an iron core can be added or not added, and the size and the weight are remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an accelerator, and more particularly to a superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator. Background Art

[0002] In the field of particle accelerators, achieving precise beam control is crucial. With the continuous advancement of technology, the demand for particle accelerators with higher energy and brightness is increasing. This growing demand is prompting scientists to seek more advanced magnet technologies to meet the performance requirements of the next generation of particle accelerators. While traditional electromagnetic dipole magnets can achieve beam deflection to a certain extent, they have certain limitations in terms of magnetic field strength and stability. Specifically, the magnetic field strength generated by traditional electromagnetic dipole magnets is relatively small within certain spatial dimensions, which limits their application in high-energy and high-brightness particle accelerators. Moreover, traditional electromagnetic dipole magnets are wound with copper coils, require an external iron core, and require a water cooling system, resulting in large size and weight, and high energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems of low magnetic field strength, large size and weight in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide a superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator.

[0004] The superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator according to the present invention includes two saddle-shaped coils and two racetrack-shaped coils wound with superconducting cables, which together form a particle beam channel with a rectangular cross-section; the two saddle-shaped coils are arranged in mirror symmetry, and the racetrack-shaped coils are respectively arranged at the middle pole head position within the saddle-shaped coils.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, each coil is composed of a plurality of flush winding turns, each winding turn includes two arc segments and two ends, the ends connect the arc segments to form a closed loop, and the ends include a straight line segment tangent to the arc segments.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the arc segments of the saddle-shaped coil form the left and right sidewalls of the particle beam channel with a rectangular cross-section, and the arc segments of the racetrack-shaped coil form the upper and lower sidewalls of the particle beam channel with a rectangular cross-section.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting cables are wound in grooves on the surface of the frame.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the skeleton is G10 glass fiber, nano-ceramics, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, PEEK or PEI.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting cable is a superconducting wire, a superconducting tape, or a superconducting cable formed by twisting multiple strands.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting cable has a circular or rectangular cross section.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting dipole magnet structure is cooled by liquid helium immersion or conduction cooling to maintain the low temperature environment required for superconductivity.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting dipole magnet structure further includes an iron core located outside the superconducting dipole coil to enhance coil excitation efficiency and shield coil leakage magnetic field.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the superconducting dipole magnet structure further includes a superconducting quadrupole magnet, which is nested with the superconducting dipole magnet to form a combined functional magnet.

[0014] The superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator according to the present invention is wound with superconducting cables, has a high magnetic field strength, requires only a refrigerator to maintain a low-temperature environment, has low energy consumption, can be added with or without an iron core, and significantly reduces size and weight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 sectional view of .

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the arc segment and two ends.

[0018] Figure 4 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 sectional view of .

[0022] Figure 8 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 9 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 104 is a schematic structural diagram of a dipole magnet structure according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and described in detail.

[0026] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator according to the present invention is formed by winding a superconducting cable 100 to form a superconducting dipole magnet. Superconducting cable 100 has zero resistance at low temperatures. The resulting superconducting dipole magnet can generate high current density, thereby generating an extremely strong magnetic field. Compared to conventional magnets, it can achieve higher magnetic field strength within the same space.

[0027] While generating the same central magnetic field, the weight of a superconducting dipole magnet is at least one order of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional dipole magnet. Furthermore, while maintaining the same magnetic stiffness of the particles, superconducting magnets can generate a higher central magnetic field, thereby reducing the deflection radius and significantly reducing the size and volume of the magnet. The superconducting dipole magnet of the present invention can be used not only in accelerator beam transport lines but also in accelerator rotating racks, meeting the requirements for high-performance magnets in high-energy and high-brightness particle accelerators. By using superconducting dipole magnets, particle accelerators can achieve higher magnetic field strength and better deflection effects in a smaller volume, making the accelerator magnet system more compact.

[0028] In the present invention, the superconducting cable 100 can be a superconducting wire, a superconducting tape, or a superconducting cable made of multiple twisted strands. Typically, a low-temperature superconducting diode coil is wound using a low-temperature superconducting wire or a superconducting cable, while a high-temperature superconducting diode coil is wound using a superconducting tape.

[0029] In the present invention, the cross section of the superconducting cable 100 may be circular or rectangular.

[0030] In the traditional manufacturing process of a dipole magnet, copper tubes are typically wound directly onto a mold, followed by curing to form the final magnet structure. However, in the present invention, the winding process for the superconducting cable 100 is different. The superconducting cable 100 is wound into a prefabricated wire groove on the surface of a bobbin to ensure precise positioning and securement of the superconducting cable. After winding, the bobbin and superconducting cable 100 undergo a curing process to ensure the structural stability and mechanical strength of the coil. The bobbin materials used in the present invention can be diverse, including but not limited to non-metallic materials such as G10 glass fiber and nanoceramics, or metallic materials such as aluminum alloy and stainless steel. These materials can be machined into the desired bobbin shape. Furthermore, high-performance plastic materials such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or PEI (polyetherimide) can also be used to form the bobbin through injection molding.

[0031] In the present invention, to ensure that the superconducting cable 100 reaches and maintains its superconducting state, various cooling methods can be used to achieve the low-temperature environment required for superconducting magnet operation. For example, liquid helium immersion cooling involves directly immersing the superconducting magnet in liquid helium, utilizing the low-temperature properties of liquid helium to cool the magnet. Another example is conduction cooling, where a refrigerator is in contact with the magnet surface to conduct heat away from the magnet, achieving a cooling effect.

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first saddle coil 1, a second saddle coil 2, a first racetrack coil 3 and a second racetrack coil 4. These coils together constitute a particle beam channel 5 with a rectangular cross section, along which the particle beam moves.

[0033] The first saddle coil 1 and the second saddle coil 2 are arranged in mirror symmetry, the first racetrack coil 3 is arranged at the middle pole position in the first saddle coil 1, and the second racetrack coil 4 is arranged at the middle pole position in the second saddle coil 2. The outer saddle coils 1 and 2 are used to generate the required dipole magnetic field to achieve the deflection of the particle beam. By adjusting the up, down, left and right positions and the number of turns of the racetrack coils 3 and 4, the high-order magnetic field components of the magnet can be adjusted to achieve the required magnetic field distribution and intensity. The specific adjustment form is to analyze the high-order components of the magnetic field in the good field area of ​​the coil midplane, and reduce the other magnetic field components except the main magnetic field (i.e., the dipole magnetic field) to 10 -4 Below the magnitude.

[0034] The present invention provides a superconducting dipole magnet with a rectangular cross-section by combining saddle-shaped coils 1, 2 with racetrack-shaped coils 3, 4, which can significantly reduce the volume and floor space of the device, reduce the weight of the device, and thus effectively reduce the operating and maintenance costs, providing a more optimal magnet solution for the efficient operation of the particle accelerator.

[0035] In particular, by adding racetrack-shaped coils 3 and 4 at the intermediate pole positions of the saddle-shaped coils 1 and 2, it is possible to ensure the contribution to the central magnetic field while flexibly adjusting the various high-order components of the magnetic field in the good field area of ​​the coils. Compared with conventional superconducting dipole magnets in the form of racetrack-shaped coils, the superconducting dipole magnet structure of the present invention can improve the coil excitation efficiency, greatly increase the contribution rate of the coil to the central magnetic field, and also has a lower operating current. Compared with conventional superconducting dipole magnets in the form of Costheta coils, the superconducting dipole magnet structure of the present invention can reduce the processing difficulty and cost of the coil skeleton, and can also simplify the coil winding process.

[0036] Each coil 1, 2, 3, and 4 consists of multiple, flush winding turns. The magnetic field requirements of different magnets can be adjusted by varying the number of turns. Generally, the higher the central magnetic field, the more turns are required. This can be accomplished by increasing the number of turns in the saddle coils 1 and 2 vertically, or by increasing the number of turns in the racetrack coils 3 and 4 radially inward and outward.

[0037] Each winding turn includes two arc segments 11 and two ends 12, and the ends 12 connect the arc segments 11 to form a closed loop. In particular, the ends 12 and the arc segments 11 are not complete continuous arcs, that is, the positions of the ends 12 are not as Figure 3 As shown in 12'. In fact, the end portion 12 of the present invention is designed as a straight line, and is tangent to the arc segment 11, which is convenient for processing and does not affect the effect. It should be understood that Figure 3 This is only a schematic diagram, in which the curvature of the arc segment 11 and the length of the end portion 12 are partially exaggerated.

[0038] The saddle coils 1 and 2 are saddle-shaped, and the arc segments 11 of the two saddle coils 1 and 2 are opposite to each other. The end 12 of each saddle coil 1 and 2 is not on the same plane as the arc segment 11, but arches vertically outward from the plane where the arc segment 11 is located to form an arc-shaped connecting segment.

[0039] The racetrack-shaped coils 3 and 4 are in the shape of a racetrack. The two racetrack-shaped coils 3 and 4 are arranged spaced apart from each other. The end 12 of each racetrack-shaped coil 3 and 4 is always located on the same plane as the arc segment 11. The end 12 is connected to the arc segment 11 to form a semicircular connecting segment.

[0040] Back to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The arc segments 11 of the saddle coils 1 and 2 form the left and right sidewalls of the rectangular cross-section particle beam channel 5, and the arc segments 11 of the racetrack coils 3 and 4 form the upper and lower sidewalls of the rectangular cross-section particle beam channel 5. The advantages of the rectangular cross-section particle beam channel 5 include simple and convenient frame processing and simple coil winding.

[0041] like Figure 4As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a first saddle coil 10, a second saddle coil 20, a first racetrack coil 30, and a second racetrack coil 40. These coils 10, 20, 30, 40 together constitute a particle beam channel 50 of rectangular cross-section, along which the particle beam moves.

[0042] Different from the first embodiment, the saddle coils 10 and 20 have slightly different shapes, and the end portions 120 are arched vertically outward from the plane where the circular arc segments 110 are located to form straight connecting segments.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the difference between the dipole magnet structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the first embodiment is only the size of the particle beam channel 500. Due to the difference in the good field area, the aspect ratio of the particle beam channel 500 can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs. The good field area of ​​the accelerator magnet can have various forms, including circular, elliptical, etc. For a circular good field area, the aspect ratio of the particle beam channel can be set to 1:1 to adapt to the uniform distribution of the magnetic field. For an elliptical good field area, the aspect ratio of the particle beam channel can be adjusted to 2:1 to better match the shape and distribution of the magnetic field.

[0044] like Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes a window-shaped iron core 200 located on the outside in addition to the pure coil form in the first embodiment. By providing the iron core 200, the coil excitation efficiency can be enhanced and the coil leakage magnetic field can be shielded. The iron core can be in the form of a cold iron core or a warm iron core. The material of the iron core can be electrical pure iron, silicon steel sheet, or ferrite. It should be understood that the iron core 200 is only an optional option in the present invention, and the first embodiment without adding the iron core is a relatively more preferred solution because it has a relatively smaller size and weight.

[0045] like Figure 8 As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention includes, in addition to the pure coil form in the second embodiment, an external iron core 200. The iron core 200 can enhance the coil excitation efficiency and shield the coil leakage magnetic field.

[0046] like Figure 9 As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention includes a quadrupole coil 300 in addition to the iron core-enclosed coil structure of the fourth embodiment. The quadrupole coil 300 is a curved superconducting quadrupole magnet located within the dipole coil. The two are nested together to form a combined functional magnet, possessing both a dipole and a quadrupole magnetic field without the need for two or three magnets. This further reduces the space and size of the particle accelerator magnet, achieving miniaturization and compactness. It should be understood that the quadrupole coil 300 can also be located outside the dipole coil.

[0047] like Figure 10 As shown, the dipole magnet structure according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention includes, in addition to the iron core surrounding the coil structure of the fifth embodiment, a quadrupole coil 300. The quadrupole coil 300 is a curved superconducting quadrupole magnet located inside the dipole coil, and the two are nested together to form a combined functional magnet.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications are possible. In other words, any simple, equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and the description of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Anything not fully described in this invention constitutes conventional technology.

Claims

1. A superconducting dipole magnet structure for a particle accelerator, characterized in that: The superconducting dipole magnet structure includes two saddle-shaped coils and two racetrack-shaped coils wound by superconducting cables, which together constitute a particle beam channel with a rectangular cross-section; the two saddle-shaped coils are arranged in mirror symmetry, and the racetrack-shaped coils are respectively arranged at the middle pole head position inside the saddle-shaped coils.

2. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each coil is composed of a plurality of flush winding turns, each winding turn includes two arc segments and two ends, the ends connect the arc segments to form a closed loop, and the ends include a straight line segment tangent to the arc segments.

3. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc segments of the saddle-shaped coil form the left and right side walls of the particle beam channel with a rectangular cross section, and the arc segments of the racetrack-shaped coil form the upper and lower side walls of the particle beam channel with a rectangular cross section.

4. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting cables are wound in the grooves on the surface of the frame.

5. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material of the skeleton is G10 glass fiber, nano ceramics, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, PEEK or PEI.

6. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Superconducting cables are superconducting wires, superconducting tapes or cables made of twisted multiple strands.

7. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the superconducting cable is circular or rectangular.

8. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting dipole magnet structure maintains the low temperature environment required for superconductivity through liquid helium immersion cooling or conduction cooling.

9. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting dipole magnet structure further includes an iron core, which is located outside the superconducting dipole coil to enhance the coil excitation efficiency and shield the coil leakage magnetic field.

10. The superconducting dipole magnet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superconducting dipole magnet structure further includes a superconducting quadrupole magnet, which is nested with the superconducting dipole magnet to form a combined functional magnet.

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