Carrot arched shed covering out-of-season cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a carrot arched shed covering out-of-season cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps that base fertilizer is sufficiently applied, and fine soil preparation is conducted; seeds are selected and pretreated, and the seeds are directly sown through a seed rope and sown in two rows in one ridge; covering the shed to raise temperature, inserting an arch frame by using bamboo battens across two ridges, covering a small arched shed film, tightly pressing the periphery, and watering to preserve heat and moisture; the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20-30 DEG C, and heat preservation is mainly performed at night; removing a shed film and an arched shed, and performing intertillage and hilling; watering thoroughly once after sowing and covering a greenhouse, carrying out drip irrigation on mineral source potassium fulvate with the first water, watering for the second time after 15-20 days, and carrying out drip irrigation on phoxim missible oil with the second water; carrying out drip irrigation of a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer along with water after full seedling; after intertilling and ridging, carrying out drip irrigation and dressing of a balanced water-soluble fertilizer; 15 days later, carrot fleshy roots enter a rapid expansion period, a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is subjected to drip irrigation and dressing, the land is kept wet and dry, and 15 days later, the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is subjected to drip irrigation and dressing in combination with watering; according to the invention, the quantity of seeds required by sowing can be greatly reduced, and the yield is higher during harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting carrots in an arch shed, in particular to an off-season cultivation method of carrots in an arch shed. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the area of ​​spring off-season carrot cultivation has grown rapidly, but it still cannot meet consumer demand, and supply has consistently outstripped demand. In the major carrot-producing regions of the Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions, sales of winter-stored carrots have largely ceased by late March, and from April to October, the carrot market in most regions of the country is in the off-season. While carrot harvests from early spring conservation areas in the Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions have filled the gap in the carrot market during this period, market prices are relatively high. For example, in Henan Province in 2011, wholesale prices for carrots in summer were 2.5 to 7.5 times higher than those in winter and spring. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate off-season carrots suitable for the central plains regions of Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi.

[0003] However, the off-season carrot cultivation in the Central Plains region currently still adopts the traditional flat-bed cultivation method. However, due to the low emergence rate of the flat-bed cultivation method, it is necessary to adopt the excessive broadcasting method during sowing, which leads to an increase in seed consumption and an increase in the manual reliance on thinning labor. However, due to soil and climate barriers in the Central Plains region, the yield increase is ultimately limited, resulting in a vicious cycle of high input and low output. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an off-season carrot cultivation method suitable for the Central Plains region. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method, which can not only greatly reduce the amount of seeds and manual labor required for sowing, but also increase the yield at harvest time.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A method for off-season cultivation of carrots in an arch shed and covered manner comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and carefully prepare the land

[0008] Since carrots are root vegetables, avoid clay soils, continuous cropping plots, or plots infested with root-knot nematodes. Choose sandy loam or loam with deep soil, fertile soil, good irrigation and drainage, and good permeability, which is very beneficial for seedling emergence, growth and development, and root expansion.

[0009] Deep plowing and fine harrowing before sowing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, 667m 2Apply 3000kg-5000kg of fully decomposed manure, 40kg-80kg of root and tuber biological fertilizer, 20kg-25kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and 40kg-50kg of balanced compound fertilizer, spread evenly and till the soil to a depth of about 25cm-35cm.

[0010] S2. Variety selection

[0011] Due to the cold weather in early spring and the tendency of spring-sown carrots to bolt easily, varieties with strong winter resistance and bolting resistance should be used for spring sowing. Furthermore, medium-early maturing varieties that meet market demand, have good quality, and high yields should be selected based on local market consumption characteristics. For example, varieties with red skin, flesh, and core should be selected.

[0012] S3. Seed treatment

[0013] In early spring, due to the low temperature in the arch greenhouse, it is not conducive to the germination and emergence of carrot seeds. In order to ensure the uniform emergence and strong growth of carrot seeds, seed pelleting and CNC rope braiding technology are used for seed pretreatment.

[0014] S4. Seeding

[0015] Carrots are prone to bolting if sown too early in spring, and are prone to deformed roots if sown too late, as the fleshy roots swell in a high temperature period above 25°C. Therefore, determining the appropriate sowing period is key to achieving high yields and high efficiency of spring carrots. The optimum temperature for the fleshy roots to swell is between 18°C ​​and 25°C. To avoid high temperatures in the later stages, sowing should be done as early as possible within the appropriate sowing period.

[0016] During sowing, a Beidou navigation carrot multifunctional seeder with one ridge and two rows of sowing is used for rope direct seeding. This method can complete rotary tillage, ridge formation, fertilization, ridge surface furrowing, two-row rope direct seeding, soil covering and compaction, and drip irrigation belt laying in one go.

[0017] S5, Cover the shed and heat it up

[0018] After sowing, the seed belt and pellet shell can effectively absorb moisture from the surrounding soil and dissolve in water, creating a good microenvironment for seed germination and seedling growth, so that the seed germination rate is high, the seedlings emerge neatly, and the seedlings grow strong.

[0019] After sowing carrots in spring, spray 33% pendimethalin closed herbicide in time, then use 2m long bamboo strips or carbon fiber poles to span two ridges to insert arch frames, cover the small arch shed film, press it tightly on all sides, and buckle the buckled small arch sheds into a middle arch shed in groups. After covering the film, water it for the first time to keep warm and moisturize.

[0020] S6. Temperature and humidity management in the greenhouse

[0021] After sowing and before germination, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 28℃~30℃. Try to increase the temperature in the greenhouse during the day to promote early germination. Seedlings will emerge 20d~30d after sowing. After germination, depending on the weather conditions, ventilate the greenhouse appropriately at noon to reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Control the temperature in the daytime at 20℃~25℃. At night, the air temperature is still low, so close the air vents to keep warm.

[0022] S7, remove the film and add soil

[0023] After mid-March, the seedlings should be hardened with a large ventilation system. Around March 20, when the outdoor temperature is stable above 15°C, choose a sunny day, remove the greenhouse film and arch shed in the afternoon, and carry out inter-cultivation and soiling to prevent the top of the fleshy root from being exposed to the ground and forming green shoulders;

[0024] S8. Water and fertilizer management

[0025] After sowing, water thoroughly once. The first water should be drip-irrigated with 500g~750g / 667m3 of mineral potassium fulvic acid. 2 15-20 days later, water the second time, and drip irrigate with water to 1kg / 667m3 of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or dichlorodiphenylphosphine emulsifiable concentrate. 2 (Mixed into 1000 times liquid and drip irrigation) to prevent underground pests; after the seedlings are all grown, drip irrigation with high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (30:5:5) 5kg / 667m 2 , promote early emergence of seedlings; after tillage and soiling, drip irrigation and topdressing of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20:20:20) 10kg / 667m 2 , promote the healthy growth of plants; after 15 days, the carrot fleshy roots enter the rapid expansion period, drip irrigation and topdressing of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15:5:40) 20kg / 667m 2 Keep the soil moist and dry. After 15 days, combine watering and drip irrigation to apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15:5:40) 20kg / 667m 2 ;

[0026] S9. Harvest

[0027] In mid-April, as the temperature rises rapidly, the carrot leaves stop growing, no new leaves appear, and the lower leaves turn yellow, then they can be harvested.

[0028] Furthermore, the seed processing method in S3 comprises the following steps:

[0029] After the carrot seeds are dehaired and selected, they are wrapped with insecticides, fungicides and growth-promoting substances to form pellets with uniform appearance and shape to adapt to the preparation of seed tapes by a CNC rope braiding machine. The seed rope braiding is completed by the CNC seed braiding machine: the seed-laying system first sows the pelletized carrot seeds evenly on a 2-cm-wide paper tape according to the set seed spacing, and then the rope twisting system twists the pelletized carrot seeds, paper tape and thin rope into a seed rope, which is then reeled up by the rope winding system for standby use.

[0030] Furthermore, the seeding system sows the pelletized carrot seeds on the paper bags at a seed spacing of 5.5 cm.

[0031] Furthermore, in the sowing step of S4, spring-sown carrots in the Central Plains region are sown in an appropriate time period. If arch sheds are used for covering cultivation, sowing is carried out from early December to mid-January; if double-film covering cultivation is used, sowing is carried out from the end of November to the end of December; if single-film covering cultivation is used, sowing can be carried out from the end of December to mid-January.

[0032] Furthermore, for double-film covering cultivation, harvesting can start on April 20, with an yield of 5,000 kg to 7,500 kg per mu; for single-film covering cultivation, harvesting can start on May 20, with an yield of 4,000 kg to 6,000 kg per mu.

[0033] Furthermore, in S9, the harvested carrots are pre-cooled and stored in a cold storage at 0°C to 3°C, and can be supplied throughout the summer, or further processed and exported to earn foreign exchange.

[0034] Furthermore, in S5, 3-4 small arch sheds are buckled into a medium arch shed of 4.5m-6m.

[0035] Furthermore, in S4, the ridge spacing for double-row sowing in one ridge is 70 cm, the ridge height is 30 cm, the ridge width is 32 cm to 35 cm, and the minimum row spacing is 15 cm.

[0036] Furthermore, in S4, suitable temperature is selected for sowing, and sowing is started when the ground temperature at 5 cm is stably above 10°C and the daily average temperature reaches 12°C.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The present invention adopts an off-season carrot cultivation method in an arch-shaped greenhouse. This method uses a Beidou navigation-assisted multifunctional seeding machine to simultaneously complete the processes of rotary tillage, ridging, fertilizing, furrowing, direct seeding with double-row ropes, soil covering and compaction, and laying drip irrigation tape. This mechanized seeding method reduces labor intensity, requires a small seed quantity, and simplifies management. Only 80g of seed is required per 667 square meters, and harvest yields increase by over 50%, with the commercial yield of harvested carrots increasing by 30%. This method allows for early sowing in winter and spring, and harvesting in late spring and early summer, filling the market gap during the vegetable production off-season and ensuring year-round carrot supply.

[0039] Greenhouse cultivation, by controlling temperature and humidity, provides a more suitable environment for carrot growth, achieving yields of 5,000 to 7,500 kilograms per mu. Furthermore, off-season cultivation avoids root deformities caused by high temperatures, improving carrot quality.

[0040] Greenhouse cultivation, combined with CNC rope weaving, mechanized seeding, integrated drip irrigation, and aerial plant protection, reduces manual labor and improves production efficiency. This allows farmers to more easily manage the planting process while also enabling precise water and fertilizer management, further improving yield and quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] A method for off-season cultivation of carrots in an arch shed and covered manner comprises the following steps:

[0044] S1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and carefully prepare the land

[0045] Since carrots are root vegetables, avoid clay soils, continuous cropping plots, or plots infested with root-knot nematodes. Choose sandy loam or loam with deep soil, fertile soil, good irrigation and drainage, and good permeability, which is very beneficial for seedling emergence, growth and development, and root expansion.

[0046] 667m 2 For example, deep plowing and fine harrowing before sowing, sufficient base fertilizer, 667m 2 Apply 3000kg of fully decomposed manure, 40kg of root and tuber biological fertilizer, 20kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and 40kg of balanced compound fertilizer, spread evenly and till the soil to a depth of about 25cm to 35cm;

[0047] S2. Variety selection

[0048] Due to the cold weather in early spring and the tendency of spring-sown carrots to bolt easily, varieties with strong winter resistance and bolting resistance should be used for spring sowing. Furthermore, medium-early maturing varieties that meet market demand, have good quality, and high yields should be selected based on local market consumption characteristics. For example, varieties with red skin, flesh, and core should be selected.

[0049] S3. Seed treatment

[0050] In early spring, due to the low temperature in the arch greenhouse, it is not conducive to the germination and emergence of carrot seeds. In order to ensure the uniform emergence and strong growth of carrot seeds, seed pelleting and CNC rope braiding technology are used for seed pretreatment.

[0051] S4. Seeding

[0052] Carrots are prone to bolting if sown too early in spring, and are prone to deformed roots if sown too late, as the fleshy roots swell in a high temperature period above 25°C. Therefore, determining the appropriate sowing period is key to achieving high yields and high efficiency of spring carrots. The optimum temperature for the fleshy roots to swell is between 18°C ​​and 25°C. To avoid high temperatures in the later stages, sowing should be done as early as possible within the appropriate sowing period.

[0053] Select the appropriate temperature for sowing. When the average daily temperature reaches 13°C within a week, sowing begins. The ground temperature at 5cm is detected to be 17°C at the time of sowing.

[0054] During sowing, a Beidou navigation carrot multifunctional seeder with one ridge and two rows of sowing is used for rope direct seeding. This method can complete rotary tillage, ridge formation, fertilization, ridge surface furrowing, two-row rope direct seeding, soil covering and compaction, and drip irrigation belt laying in one go.

[0055] S5, Cover the shed and heat it up

[0056] After sowing, the seed belt and pellet shell can effectively absorb moisture from the surrounding soil and dissolve in water, creating a good microenvironment for seed germination and seedling growth, so that the seed germination rate is high, the seedlings emerge neatly, and the seedlings grow strong.

[0057] After sowing carrots in spring, spray 33% pendimethalin closed herbicide in time, then use 2m long bamboo strips or carbon fiber poles to span two ridges to insert arch frames, cover the small arch shed film, press it tightly on all sides, and buckle the buckled small arch sheds into a middle arch shed in groups. After covering the film, water it for the first time to keep warm and moisturize.

[0058] S6. Temperature and humidity management in the greenhouse

[0059] After sowing and before germination, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 28℃. Try to increase the temperature in the greenhouse during the day to promote early germination. Seedlings will emerge 28 days after sowing. When germination occurs, control the temperature at daytime at 23℃. Close the air vents at night to keep warm.

[0060] S7, remove the film and add soil

[0061] After March 15, carry out seedling hardening with strong ventilation. On March 19, when the outdoor temperature is stable at 18℃ and the weather is sunny, remove the greenhouse film and arch shed in the afternoon and carry out inter-cultivation and soiling to prevent the top of the fleshy root from being exposed to the ground and forming green shoulders.

[0062] S8. Water and fertilizer management

[0063] After sowing, water thoroughly once. The first water should be drip-irrigated with phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or dichlorodiphenylphosphine emulsifiable concentrate 1kg / 667m 2 (Mixed into 1000 times liquid and drip irrigation with water) to prevent underground pests; to promote germination after sowing, the second watering should not be too long, otherwise the carrots will be delayed in germination due to lack of water, or even cause the buds to no longer emerge. Therefore, the second watering should be done 15 days later, and mineral potassium humate should be drip-irrigated with water. Since mineral potassium humate is an alkaline fertilizer, in order to prevent soil salinization caused by excessive use, 500g of mineral potassium humate / 667m3 should be drip-irrigated with water. 2After the seedlings have grown, drip irrigation with high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (30:5:5) 5kg / 667m 2 , promote early emergence of seedlings; remove the greenhouse film in mid-March and cultivate the soil in time, apply balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20:20:20) 10kg / 667m 2 , promote the healthy growth of plants; after 15 days, the carrot fleshy roots enter the rapid expansion period, drip irrigation and topdressing of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15:5:40) 20kg / 667m 2 Keep the soil moist and dry. After 15 days, combine watering and drip irrigation to apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer (15:5:40) 20kg / 667m 2 ;

[0064] S9. Harvest

[0065] In mid-April, as the temperature rises rapidly, the carrot leaves stop growing, no new leaves appear, and the lower leaves turn yellow, then they can be harvested.

[0066] In order to ensure that the harvested carrots can be supplied throughout the summer, in S9, the harvested carrots are pre-cooled and stored in a cold storage at 0℃~3℃, or further processed and exported to earn foreign exchange.

[0067] Since the temperature in the early spring greenhouse is low, it is not conducive to the germination and emergence of carrot seeds. In order to ensure that the carrot seeds emerge uniformly and the seedlings grow strong, the seed treatment method in S3 includes the following steps:

[0068] After the carrot seeds are dehaired and selected, they are wrapped with insecticides, fungicides and growth-promoting substances to form pellets with uniform appearance and shape to adapt to the preparation of seed tapes by a CNC rope braiding machine. The seed rope braiding is completed by the CNC seed braiding machine: the seed-laying system first sows the pelletized carrot seeds evenly on a 2-cm-wide paper tape according to the set seed spacing, and then the rope twisting system twists the pelletized carrot seeds, paper tape and thin rope into a seed rope, which is then reeled up by the rope winding system for standby use.

[0069] In S4, the ridge spacing for double-row sowing is 70 cm, the ridge height is 30 cm, the ridge width is 33 cm, and the minimum row spacing is 15 cm.

[0070] Carrot high ridge cultivation is an advanced planting method that can effectively improve the yield and quality of carrots while reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests.

[0071] High ridge cultivation loosens the soil, increases soil porosity, facilitates air entry into the soil, promotes root respiration, enhances root vitality, and reduces root maldevelopment problems caused by soil compaction.

[0072] At the same time, the shape of the high ridge is conducive to the rapid drainage of rainwater and irrigation water, avoiding water accumulation and reducing soil waterlogging. It is especially suitable for planting in rainy areas or poorly drained soils, and can effectively prevent carrots from rotting due to water accumulation.

[0073] The relatively large soil surface area of ​​high ridges allows for greater daytime heat absorption, raising ground temperature and promoting carrot root growth. Heat dissipates more rapidly at night, creating a greater temperature difference between day and night, which promotes nutrient accumulation and improves carrot quality. This provides a more relaxed growth environment for carrot roots, reducing resistance to root growth, promoting downward taproot growth, and reducing the production of lateral and fibrous roots. This results in a more uniform and straight root shape, improving marketability.

[0074] The relatively dry soil environment of high-ridge cultivation is not conducive to the growth and spread of pathogens and pests, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases. It also facilitates field management and pest control, enabling timely detection and treatment of pest and disease problems, reducing losses.

[0075] Raised ridge cultivation allows for precise irrigation and fertilization based on the ridge's shape, avoiding water and fertilizer waste and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. For example, drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation can better control irrigation volume, delivering water and fertilizer directly to the carrot root system, promoting root absorption.

[0076] The field layout of high ridge cultivation is regular, which is convenient for mechanized ridge-forming, sowing, tillage and harvesting operations, reduces the intensity of manual labor, improves labor efficiency, reduces production costs, and is suitable for large-scale planting.

[0077] Easy to harvest: High ridge cultivation makes the carrot roots relatively high, so there is no need to dig deep during harvesting, which reduces damage to the carrot roots, improves harvesting efficiency and carrot integrity, and reduces harvesting costs.

[0078] In the sowing step of S4, the spring-sown carrots in the Central Plains region are sown in an appropriate time period and cultivated with double film covering. The seeds are sown from the end of November to the end of December and the double film covering is used. The harvest can begin on April 20, and the yield per mu is 5000kg to 7500kg.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0081] Single film covering cultivation is adopted. Sowing can be done from the end of December to mid-January, and harvesting can begin on May 20. The yield per mu is 4000kg to 6000kg.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0084] The seeding system sows pelletized carrot seeds on paper tape at a 5.5 cm seed spacing. Compared to Example 1, the carrot seeds are evenly woven onto the ropes using CNC braiding technology. Simply laying the seed ropes in the field is sufficient for sowing. This allows for precise control of seed spacing between plants and rows, preventing seed waste. Furthermore, due to the properly controlled spacing between plants and rows, the carrots receive sufficient nutrients and sunlight during growth, resulting in improved quality.

[0085] Rope planting enables precision sowing, saving about 60% of seeds per acre, significantly reducing seed costs. After the seeds are woven, their germination rate and emergence rate are higher, and the emergence of seedlings is more uniform.

[0086] The growing environment of carrots grown with braided ropes is more standardized, with good ventilation and light transmission, and a lower incidence of pests and diseases. Furthermore, the ropes are usually made of biodegradable natural fibers, which do not pollute the soil and are in line with the environmental protection concept of modern agriculture.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] The difference from Example 3 is that:

[0089] In S5, 3-4 small arches are connected to form a medium arch shed of 4.5m-6m. Spring-sown carrots planted with double film covering combine the advantages of small arch sheds and cold sheds, which can significantly improve the growing environment of carrots and increase yield and quality.

[0090] Film covering can effectively increase soil temperature, making the sowing time of carrots 30-40 days earlier than open-field planting. Under low temperature conditions in early spring, it can provide carrots with earlier growth opportunities.

[0091] Through double-layer insulation, carrots can obtain more suitable temperature conditions in the early stages of growth, grow faster, and shorten the growth period. They are generally available on the market 30-45 days earlier than open-field production.

[0092] In addition, double film covering can reduce soil moisture evaporation, keep the soil moist, and avoid the impact of drought on carrot growth, especially in drought-stricken areas in spring.

[0093] Double-film mulching provides superior growing conditions for carrots, allowing them to better absorb nutrients and water, develop a stronger root system, and significantly increase yields. Generally, the average yield per mu can reach 1,500-2,500 kg, a 20%-30% increase, compared to open-field planting.

[0094] The use of double-film covering to grow carrots can increase the yield per mu to more than 3,000 kilograms, which is more than 30% higher than that of open-field planting. The carrots can be put on the market at least 30 days earlier, and the income per mu increases by 1,500 to 3,000 yuan.

[0095] Double-film mulching for spring-sown carrots significantly increases carrot yield and quality by raising ground temperature, improving the soil environment, and mitigating the impact of natural disasters, while also generating significant economic benefits for vegetable farmers. This technology is not only applicable to carrot cultivation but can also be extended to other early spring vegetable cultivations. It holds broad application prospects and is a highly effective cultivation technique worthy of widespread promotion.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] The difference from Example 4 is that

[0098] Deep plowing and fine harrowing before sowing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, 667m 2 Apply 4000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 60kg of root and tuber biological fertilizer, 22kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and 45kg of balanced compound fertilizer, spread evenly and plow the land to a depth of about 30cm.

[0099] Applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer is a very important fertilization method in carrot cultivation. It has many significant benefits for carrot growth, improvement of soil environment, and ultimately carrot yield and quality.

[0100] Fully decomposed organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter. When applied to the soil, it significantly increases the organic matter content in the soil and improves the soil's physical properties. The humus produced by the decomposition of organic matter can increase the soil's aggregate structure, making the soil looser, more aerated, and more permeable.

[0101] The organic matter in decomposed organic fertilizer can absorb and retain moisture, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, and at the same time absorb nutrients, reduce nutrient loss, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0102] Organic fertilizers provide a rich source of carbon and nitrogen for soil microorganisms, which can promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms. In the process of decomposing organic fertilizers, microorganisms produce a variety of beneficial substances, such as humic acid and amino acids, which can further improve soil structure and promote plant growth.

[0103] Well-rotted organic fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, and boron. These nutrients can meet the needs of carrots at different growth stages and promote their healthy growth.

[0104] Compared to chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers release nutrients more slowly, providing a steady supply of nutrients to carrots and preventing growth problems caused by either insufficient or excessive nutrient supply. Applying organic fertilizers can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, minimizing their negative impact on the soil and the environment, while also lowering production costs.

[0105] The nutrients in organic fertilizer can promote the growth of carrot seedlings and enhance root vitality, making the root system more developed and more absorptive. This helps carrots quickly establish a good growth foundation in the early stages of growth. Applying organic fertilizer can provide sufficient nutrients, promote the growth and development of carrots, increase the weight and length of the root system, and thus increase yield. Examples show that applying fully decomposed organic fertilizer can increase carrot yield by 15%-30%.

[0106] Vegetable farmers widely use well-rotted chicken and cow manure as organic fertilizer in carrot cultivation, applying 3,000-5,000 kilograms per mu. Results show that carrot fields treated with organic fertilizer have looser soil and more developed root systems, resulting in yields exceeding 20% ​​higher than those without organic fertilizer, and significantly improved quality.

[0107] Promoting the use of fully decomposed sheep manure, cow manure, chicken manure and pig manure in carrot cultivation not only increases carrot yields, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases and pests, and significantly improves soil fertility.

[0108] It's worth noting that organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before application. Undecomposed organic fertilizer may carry pathogens and insect eggs, which can cause pests and diseases when applied to the soil. Undecomposed organic fertilizer also generates heat during decomposition, potentially burning roots. While organic fertilizer has many benefits, it shouldn't be applied excessively. Generally, 3,000-5,000 kg per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 acres) is sufficient. Excessive application can lead to soil salinization.

[0109] In summary, applying well-decomposed organic fertilizer has multiple benefits for carrot cultivation, including improving soil structure, providing comprehensive nutrition, promoting carrot growth, reducing pests and diseases, and promoting environmental sustainability. The rational application of well-decomposed organic fertilizer can significantly increase carrot yield and quality, while also providing long-term benefits to the soil and the ecological environment. This is a key measure for achieving sustainable agricultural development.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] The difference from Example 4 is that

[0112] Deep plowing and fine harrowing before sowing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, 667m 2 Apply 5000kg of fully decomposed manure, 80kg of root and tuber biological fertilizer, 25kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and 50kg of balanced compound fertilizer, spread evenly and plow the land to a depth of about 35cm.

[0113] Example 7

[0114] The difference from Example 6 is that

[0115] Temperature and humidity management in the greenhouse

[0116] After sowing and before germination, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 30℃. Seedlings will emerge 20 days after sowing. Let in enough air at noon to lower the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Control the temperature at 25℃ during the day and close the air vents at night to keep warm.

[0117] Compared with Example 6, the emergence speed is faster and the seedlings are stronger.

[0118] The above disclosures are only some preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for off-season cultivation of carrots in an arch shed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Before sowing, plough deeply and harrow carefully, apply sufficient base fertilizer, spread and till evenly; Select seed varieties, use seed pelleting and CNC rope braiding technology for seed pretreatment, direct seeding with ropes, and sowing in two rows per ridge; Cover the greenhouse to increase the temperature. After sowing and before germination, control the temperature in the greenhouse at 28℃~30℃. Seedlings will emerge 20d~30d after sowing. After emergence, control the temperature at 20℃~25℃ during the day. At night, the air temperature is low and the air vents are sealed to keep warm. After mid-March, harden the seedlings. In late March, when the outdoor temperature is stable above 15°C, choose sunny weather, remove the greenhouse film and arch shed in the afternoon, and carry out inter-cultivation and soiling. After sowing and covering the greenhouse, water thoroughly once. The first watering is to drip irrigate with mineral potassium humate. The second watering is to drip irrigate with phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 15-20 days later. After the seedlings are all grown, drip irrigate with high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer. After cultivating and soiling, drip irrigate with balanced water-soluble fertilizer. After 15 days, when the carrot fleshy roots enter the rapid expansion stage, drip irrigate with high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. Keep the soil moist and dry. After 15 days, combine watering and drip irrigation with topdressing high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. When the carrot leaves stop growing, no new leaves appear, and the lower leaves turn yellow, they can be harvested.

2. A carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for seed treatment comprises the following steps: After the carrot seeds are dehaired and selected, they are wrapped with insecticides, fungicides and growth-promoting substances to form pellets with uniform appearance and shape, so as to adapt to the weaving of seed belts by a CNC rope braiding machine. The seed rope braiding is completed by the CNC seed braiding machine: first, the pelletized carrot seeds are evenly sown on the paper belt according to the set seed spacing by the seed-discharging system, and then the rope twisting system twists the pelletized carrot seeds, paper belt and thin rope into a seed rope, and the rope winding system reels the seed rope for use.

3. A carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seeding system sows pelletized carrot seeds on paper bags at a seed spacing of 5.5 cm.

4. A carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When sowing, spring-sown carrots in the Central Plains are cultivated using arch sheds, and sowing is done from early December to mid-January; using double-film covering cultivation, sowing is done from the end of November to the end of December; using single-film covering cultivation, sowing can be done from the end of December to mid-January, and double-film covering cultivation can start harvesting on April 20, with an acreage yield of 5,000 to 7,500 kg; using single-film covering cultivation, harvesting can start on May 20, with an acreage yield of 4,000 to 6,000 kg.

5. A carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When applying basal fertilizer, 2 Apply 3000kg to 5000kg of fully decomposed manure, 40kg to 80kg of rhizome biological fertilizer, 20kg to 25kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate and 40kg to 50kg of balanced compound fertilizer.

6. A carrot arch shed covering off-season cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harvested carrots are pre-cooled and stored in a cold storage.

7. The method for off-season cultivation of carrots using arch shed covering according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are included in the greenhouse warming process: After spring carrot sowing, spray herbicides, use bamboo strips to insert arch frames across two ridges, cover the small greenhouse with greenhouse film, press tightly on all sides, and combine the multiple small greenhouses into a medium greenhouse of 4.5m-6m in units of 3-4. After covering the film, water the first batch to keep warm and moisturize. The herbicide used is 33% pendimethalin for sealing.

8. The method for off-season cultivation of carrots using arch shed covering according to claim 1, wherein: The ridge spacing for double-row sowing in one ridge is 70cm, the ridge height is 30cm, the ridge width is 32cm~35cm, and the minimum row spacing is 15cm.

9. The method for off-season cultivation of carrots using arch shed covering according to claim 1, wherein: When the ground temperature at 5cm is stably above 10℃ and the average daily temperature reaches 12℃, start sowing.

10. The method for off-season cultivation of carrots in arch sheds according to claim 1, characterized in that: After sowing, the first water is drip irrigation with mineral source potassium fulvic acid 500g~750g / 667m 2 The second water is drip irrigation of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or dichlorodiphenylphosphine emulsifiable concentrate 1kg / 667m 2 After the seedlings have grown up, drip irrigation with high nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer 5kg / 667m 2 After tillage and soiling, apply balanced water-soluble fertilizer 10kg / 667m3 with drip irrigation 2 , promote the healthy growth of plants; after 15 days, the carrot fleshy roots enter the rapid expansion period, and drip irrigation is used to apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 20kg / 667m 2 Keep the soil moist and dry. After 15 days, apply high potassium water-soluble fertilizer 20kg / 667m2 in combination with watering and drip irrigation. 2 .