A laser welding device for processing automobile parts

Abstract

This invention discloses a laser welding device for processing automotive parts, belonging to the field of laser welding device technology, including a base plate. The invention uses an analysis module to filter and analyze the collected image data, and further analyzes and judges the amount of spatter, enabling timely detection of abnormalities during the welding process. It can promptly identify welding defects caused by problems such as excessive laser power or excessive welding speed, avoiding the production of a large number of defective products and thus ensuring the welding quality of automotive parts. Workers can immediately adjust the welding process without waiting for product completion for inspection and rework, reducing production interruptions and scrap caused by welding defects and effectively improving production efficiency. By monitoring and providing feedback on the welding process in real time, the causes of welding abnormalities can be analyzed, thereby optimizing the welding process and providing more reasonable parameter settings and process guidance for subsequent welding production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment technology, and in particular to a laser welding equipment for processing automotive parts. Background Technology

[0002] The welding quality of automotive parts is directly related to the safety, reliability and service life of the whole vehicle. Laser welding has become the core process for processing precision automotive parts (such as engine blocks, gearbox gears and airbag components) due to its advantages such as high energy density, small heat-affected zone (usually less than 0.1mm) and small welding deformation (the amount of deformation can be controlled within 0.05mm).

[0003] However, existing laser welding equipment for processing automotive parts is inefficient because some parts can only move in one direction or require manual adjustment of the part position to match the welding head. Furthermore, the welding head angle of traditional laser welding equipment is mostly fixed or has a limited adjustment range, which cannot flexibly adapt to diverse welding angle requirements.

[0004] Therefore, the above-mentioned technical problems need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a laser welding device for processing automotive parts.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser welding device for processing automotive parts, comprising a base plate, with a buckling mechanism installed at both ends of the base plate, and two baffle plates fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate, a linear motor installed on the base plate on the outer side of the two baffle plates, a movable seat slidably installed on the linear motors on both sides, a lifting adjustment mechanism installed vertically upward on the movable seat, a welding mechanism installed on the lifting adjustment mechanism, and an angle adjustment mechanism assembled on the welding mechanism;

[0007] The control box of the welding device is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module.

[0008] The acquisition module collects image data and transmits the collected image data to the analysis module;

[0009] The analysis module receives the image data transmitted from the acquisition module, preprocesses the image data, and filters it to obtain analysis images. It analyzes the analysis images to determine whether the anomaly is an attachment, whether the attachment is spatter, and determines whether there is an anomaly in the welding process based on the amount of spatter. If there is an anomaly, it generates an anomaly warning signal and transmits the anomaly warning signal to the execution module.

[0010] After receiving an abnormal warning signal, the execution module will issue a buzzer warning through the buzzer module of the intelligent control component to inform the staff that an abnormality has occurred in the welding. The abnormality cause analyzed by the analysis module will also be transmitted to the staff via SMS through the wireless transmission module of the intelligent control component.

[0011] Preferably, the analysis module performs the following steps to determine the analyzed image:

[0012] S1: The number of anomaly markers for multiple image data acquired at the same location at the same time. Statistical analysis was conducted separately for each case. The image data is removed, and then the number of outlier markers corresponding to the remaining image data is compared. A preset threshold for the number of anomaly markers is set; the image with the fewest anomaly markers among the remaining image data is selected for analysis.

[0013] S2: If there are image data with the same number of abnormal markers in the remaining image data, then compare the gray values ​​of gray blocks on the gray image; mark the gray blocks with the same gray value as the preset part gray value as part gray blocks, count the region contour of the part gray blocks, and compare it with the contour map of the corresponding part in the corresponding direction. If the two contour maps are proportional to the region contour, then it is determined that all the parts within the region contour are part images.

[0014] S3: For image data with the same number of anomaly markers, count the number of grayscale blocks of anomaly markers inside and outside the region contour, and select the part image with fewer anomaly markers inside the contour as the analysis image.

[0015] Preferably, the analysis steps for the analysis module to determine anomalies are as follows:

[0016] K1: Obtain the numbers of grayscale blocks within the contour of the analyzed image region, and obtain the grayscale value data of the corresponding numbered grayscale blocks. Grayscale block data corresponding to the standard part number Comparison, This refers to the numbering data of the corresponding grayscale blocks;

[0017] K2: If Not here If the value is within the specified range, the corresponding grayscale block is determined to have an abnormal grayscale value and is marked as an abnormal grayscale block. The number of rows and columns of the abnormal grayscale blocks is recorded. Then, the image data of the part in the direction corresponding to the number of rows or columns is collected and the image data is analyzed. If the outline of the part area in the corresponding direction is larger than the outline of the part area of ​​the standard part, the abnormal grayscale block at the corresponding position is determined to be an attachment.

[0018] K3: Obtaining the outline of the attachment. If the outline of the attachment consists of multiple segments, the included angle between adjacent outlines is less than... If the included angles are not the same, the outline of the attachment is determined to be irregular; the gray values ​​of the corresponding gray blocks of the attachment outline are obtained, and the mean gray value is calculated. Compared with the preset range of grayscale values ​​for splatter, if the average value is... If the grayscale value of the spatter is within the preset range and the outline is irregular, the attached object is initially determined to be spatter. Then, the shortest distance between the attached object and the welding point is obtained, and the distance data is compared with the preset distance threshold. If it is less than the preset distance threshold, the attached object is determined to be spatter.

[0019] K4: Using the weld seam as the boundary, acquire image data within a predetermined distance on both sides of the boundary, and segment the acquired image data into image blocks of the same size at equal intervals. Count the number of spatters in each image block. If the number of spatters in a corresponding image block exceeds a preset threshold, and the number of corresponding image blocks... If an error occurs, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the welding process, an abnormality warning signal is generated, and the abnormality warning signal is transmitted to the execution module. This represents the total number of image patches after segmentation.

[0020] Preferably, the buckling mechanism includes limiting holes that are opened at opposite ends of the base plate, a limiting plate is slidably installed in the limiting holes, a fixing rod is horizontally fixed to one end of the limiting plate, a telescopic spring is sleeved on the fixing rod, and a positioning plate is fixed to the other end of the fixing rod, and a shelf is provided between the positioning plates.

[0021] Preferably, the lifting adjustment mechanism includes a fixed cylinder fixed to the upper end of the movable seat, an electric telescopic rod is installed on the movable seat inside the fixed cylinder, the output end of the electric telescopic rod is fixed to a horizontal support, and guide cylinders are fixed to both sides of the bottom surface of the horizontal support above the fixed cylinder, and the guide cylinders are slidably sleeved with the fixed cylinder.

[0022] Preferably, a drive motor is installed at one end of the horizontal support, and a movable groove is provided on one side of the horizontal support. A screw is horizontally rotatably installed inside the movable groove, and one end of the screw passes through the horizontal support and is coaxially fixed to the output end of the drive motor.

[0023] Preferably, the welding mechanism includes a laser welder that is threadedly sleeved on a screw rod, the laser welder being slidably engaged with the upper end of a horizontal support, and a fixing plate being fixedly attached downwards at one end of the laser welder.

[0024] Preferably, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotary motor mounted on one side of the fixed plate, and the output end of the rotary motor passes through the fixed plate and is engaged with one side of the laser welding head.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. By combining a linear motor with a moving base and a lifting adjustment mechanism, the welding mechanism can move flexibly in the horizontal and vertical directions without the need for manual adjustment of the part position, thus improving welding efficiency. This enables the automatic adjustment of the welding position in multiple directions. Furthermore, by combining a rotary motor with a laser welding head and a fixed plate, it can adapt to diverse welding angle requirements, improving welding flexibility and enabling precise welding at multiple angles. Ultimately, this solves the problems of low efficiency and limited welding head angle adjustment in existing laser welding devices used for processing automotive parts.

[0027] 2. The analysis module filters the collected image data to obtain analytical images and conducts in-depth analysis to determine the amount of spatter. This allows for the timely detection of abnormalities during the welding process, such as excessive laser power or welding speed, which can lead to welding defects and prevent the production of a large number of substandard products, thus ensuring the welding quality of automotive parts. Workers can immediately adjust the welding process without waiting for the product to be manufactured before inspection and rework, reducing production interruptions and scrap caused by welding defects and effectively improving production efficiency. Real-time monitoring and feedback of the welding process allows for analysis of the causes of welding abnormalities, leading to optimization of the welding process and providing more reasonable parameter settings and process guidance for subsequent welding production. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the other side proposed in this invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure proposed in this invention from a bottom-view perspective;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure proposed in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the structure proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first-view structure in a side cross-section proposed in this invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second perspective structure in the side view section proposed in this invention;

[0036] Figure 8 The present invention proposes Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at part A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the system proposed in this invention.

[0038] The following are the components listed in the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Linear motor; 3. Barrier plate; 4. Moving seat; 5. Fixed cylinder; 6. Guide cylinder; 7. Horizontal support; 8. Laser welder; 9. Moving groove; 10. Laser welding head; 11. Drive motor; 12. Positioning plate; 13. Storage plate; 14. Rotary motor; 15. Screw; 16. Electric telescopic rod; 17. Fixed rod; 18. Telescopic spring; 19. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0040] Example 1: See Figure 1-8 The present invention discloses a laser welding device for processing automotive parts, comprising a base plate 1, with locking mechanisms installed at both ends of the base plate 1, and two baffle plates 3 fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate 1. Linear motors 2 are installed on the outer sides of the base plate 1 of the two baffle plates 3, and movable seats 4 are slidably installed on both linear motors 2. A lifting adjustment mechanism is vertically mounted on the movable seats 4, and a welding mechanism is installed on the lifting adjustment mechanism. An angle adjustment mechanism is also mounted on the welding mechanism. The device utilizes the base plate 1, locking mechanisms, baffle plates 3, linear motors 2, movable seats 4, and lifting adjustment mechanism. The structure, welding mechanism, and angle adjustment mechanism facilitate laser welding of automotive parts; the buckling mechanism includes limiting holes at both ends of the base plate 1, with limiting plates 19 slidably installed in the limiting holes, a fixing rod 17 horizontally fixed to one end of the limiting plate 19, a telescopic spring 18 sleeved on the fixing rod 17, and a positioning plate 12 fixed to the other end of the fixing rod 17, with a placement plate 13 arranged between the positioning plates 12. Through the limiting holes, limiting plates 19, fixing rod 17, telescopic spring 18, positioning plates 12, and placement plate 13 on the base plate 1, it is convenient to fix automotive parts.

[0041] In this invention, the lifting and adjusting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder 5 fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable seat 4. An electric telescopic rod 16 is installed on the movable seat 4 inside the fixed cylinder 5. The output ends of the electric telescopic rod 16 are all fixedly connected to the horizontal support 7. Guide cylinders 6 are fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom surface of the horizontal support 7 above the fixed cylinder 5. The guide cylinders 6 are slidably sleeved with the fixed cylinder 5. The height of the welding mechanism can be easily adjusted through the fixed cylinder 5, electric telescopic rod 16, horizontal support 7 and guide cylinders 6 on the movable seat 4. A drive motor 11 is installed at one end of the horizontal support 7, and a moving groove 9 is opened on one side of the horizontal support 7. A screw 15 is horizontally rotatably installed inside the moving groove 9. One end of the screw 15 passes through the horizontal support 7 and the drive motor. The output end of the 11 is coaxially fixed, and the drive motor 11, moving groove 9 and screw 15 on the horizontal support 7 facilitate the horizontal movement of the welding mechanism; the welding mechanism includes a laser welder 8 that is threadedly connected to the screw 15. The laser welder 8 is slidably engaged with the upper end of the horizontal support 7, and one end of the laser welder 8 is fixedly connected to a fixing plate downwards. The laser welder 8 on the screw 15 and the fixing plate facilitate laser welding; the angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotary motor 14 installed on one side of the fixing plate. The output end of the rotary motor 14 passes through the fixing plate and is engaged with one side of the laser welding head 10. The angle of laser welding can be easily adjusted through the rotary motor 14 on the fixing plate and the laser welding head 10.

[0042] Example 2: See Figure 9 The control box of the welding device is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module.

[0043] The acquisition module collects image data and transmits the collected image data to the analysis module;

[0044] The analysis module receives the image data transmitted from the acquisition module, preprocesses the image data, and filters it to obtain analysis images. It analyzes the analysis images to determine whether the anomaly is an attachment, whether the attachment is spatter, and determines whether there is an anomaly in the welding process based on the amount of spatter. If there is an anomaly, it generates an anomaly warning signal and transmits the anomaly warning signal to the execution module.

[0045] Image data of the surface of automotive parts is acquired. Multiple images of the corresponding locations acquired at the same time are processed into grayscale values. The grayscale images are then segmented according to pixel block size, dividing the grayscale image into several grayscale blocks of the same size. These grayscale blocks are numbered according to their row and column numbers within the segmented image. The grayscale values ​​of the corresponding grayscale blocks in the grayscale images are obtained, and the average grayscale values ​​of the corresponding grayscale blocks across multiple grayscale images are calculated. and standard deviation The calculation, using the calculated mean and standard deviation Detect the range of grayscale value fluctuations The system is configured to mark grayscale values ​​outside the fluctuation range as outliers, and to mark the corresponding grayscale blocks and image data as outliers. After removing outliers, the remaining grayscale data is averaged. The calculation will yield the mean. As the grayscale value data of the corresponding grayscale block;

[0046] The number of anomaly markers for multiple image data acquired at the same time and location. Statistical analysis was conducted separately for each case. The image data is removed, and then the number of outlier markers corresponding to the remaining image data is compared. A preset threshold for the number of anomaly markers is set. The image with the fewest anomaly markers among the remaining image data is selected for analysis. If there are images with the same number of anomaly markers among the remaining image data, the gray values ​​of gray blocks on the grayscale images are compared. Gray blocks with the same gray value as the preset part gray value are marked as part gray blocks. The region contour of the part gray blocks is counted and compared with the contour map of the corresponding part in the corresponding direction. If the two contour maps are proportional to the region contour, it is determined that the area within the region contour is a part image. Then, for the image data with the same number of anomaly markers, the number of anomaly marker gray blocks inside and outside the region contour is counted, and the image data with fewer anomaly markers within the contour of the part image is selected as the analysis image.

[0047] This method is used to remove image data with an excessive number of anomalous markers or poor image quality. Multiple typical normal welding conditions are selected (covering different welding materials, such as steel and aluminum alloys; different welding processes, such as combinations of laser power and welding speed). Under stable production conditions, a large number of images (at least 500 sets) are continuously acquired. The number of anomalous markers appearing under normal conditions in each image set is counted, and the maximum, average, and standard deviation of these numbers are calculated. Typically, to rigorously screen images... This can be set to the average plus three times the standard deviation (based on the statistical 3σ principle, covering 99.7% of normal cases; anything exceeding this is considered abnormal). For example, if 1000 normal welding images are analyzed, and the average number of abnormal markers is 5 with a standard deviation of 2, then... 5 + 3 × 2 = 11;

[0048] For welding high-precision automotive parts (such as critical welds in engine blocks), where extremely high image quality is required, the image quality can be appropriately reduced. By conducting small-batch trial production (such as producing 20 sets of different process parameters), we can observe the differences. Under the settings, the matching degree between the subsequent analysis results and the actual welding quality is gradually adjusted to a reasonable value that can effectively eliminate interfering images without excessively discarding normal images;

[0049] The system retrieves the numbers of grayscale blocks within the contour of the analyzed image region and obtains the grayscale value data of the corresponding numbered grayscale blocks. Grayscale block data corresponding to the standard part number Comparison, This refers to the numbering data of the corresponding grayscale block; if Not here If the value is within the specified range, the corresponding grayscale block is determined to have an abnormal grayscale value and is marked as an abnormal grayscale block. The number of rows and columns of the abnormal grayscale blocks is recorded. Then, the image data of the part in the direction corresponding to the number of rows or columns is collected and the image data is analyzed. If the outline of the part area in the corresponding direction is larger than the outline of the part area of ​​the standard part, the abnormal grayscale block at the corresponding position is determined to be an attachment.

[0050] Used to define the allowable fluctuation range of grayscale block data corresponding to the standard parts; for specific welding materials (such as stainless steel, galvanized sheet, etc.) and established welding processes (fixed laser power, welding speed, shielding gas, etc.), standard welding test pieces are made; using high-precision grayscale measurement equipment (such as professional image grayscale analyzer), grayscale block data of different areas of the standard test pieces under different working conditions (multiple repeated welding, at least 30 stable welding processes) are collected. ; Calculate the fluctuation range of grayscale values ​​for the same numbered grayscale block during normal welding. The value is (maximum volatility ratio + minimum volatility ratio) / 2;

[0051] For obtaining the outline of the attachment, if the outline of the attachment consists of multiple segments, the included angle between adjacent outlines is less than... If the included angles are not the same, the outline of the attachment is determined to be irregular; the gray values ​​of the corresponding gray blocks of the attachment outline are obtained, and the mean gray value is calculated. Compared with the preset range of grayscale values ​​for splatter, if the average value is... If the grayscale value of the spatter is within the preset range and the outline is irregular, the attached object is initially determined to be spatter. Then, the shortest distance between the attached object and the welding point is obtained, and the distance data is compared with the preset distance threshold. If it is less than the preset distance threshold, the attached object is determined to be spatter.

[0052] Collect a large number of welding spatter samples (covering different materials and welding stages of the target welding process, such as arc initiation, stable welding, and arc termination stages, with at least 200 valid samples); use image grayscale analysis software to extract the grayscale values ​​of the corresponding grayscale blocks for each sample contour, and statistically analyze the distribution range of these grayscale values ​​(minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation); based on the statistical results and combined with the error tolerance rate for spatter recognition in actual production (e.g., aiming for a recognition rate of over 95%), determine the grayscale value range; for example, if 97% of the 300 steel welding spatter samples have grayscale values ​​between 80-150 (0-255 grayscale range), then the grayscale value range for the steel welding spatter can be set to 75-155 (appropriately expanding the range to cover a small number of edge samples).

[0053] A welding test platform was built, and welding operations were carried out in a controlled environment (fixed welding parameters and environmental conditions). High-speed camera equipment and image analysis software were used to track the trajectory and final landing point of spatter after it splashed from the molten pool. A large amount of distance data between spatter (at least 500 valid spatter events) and the weld point was recorded, and the maximum and average values ​​of these distances were calculated. The preset distance threshold is usually set as the average value plus twice the standard deviation (covering most spatter landing distances while avoiding excessive expansion of the range due to a few extremely far spatters). For example, if 1000 spatter landing distances were recorded, with an average of 8 mm and a standard deviation of 3 mm, then the threshold = 8 + 2 × 3 = 14 mm.

[0054] Using the weld seam as a boundary, image data within a predetermined distance on both sides of the boundary is acquired. The acquired image data is then divided into equally spaced image blocks of the same size. The number of spatter particles within each image block is counted. If the number of spatter particles in a corresponding image block exceeds a preset threshold, and the number of corresponding image blocks... If an error occurs, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the welding process, an abnormality warning signal is generated, and the abnormality warning signal is transmitted to the execution module. This represents the total number of image patches after segmentation.

[0055] Based on the quality standards of welding products (such as the acceptance specifications for weld spatter in the automotive industry), the maximum number of spatter allowed per unit area or per image block is determined. For example, if a certain automotive part weld requires a maximum of 2 spatters per square millimeter, and considering the size of the image block (e.g., 5mm × 5mm), the maximum number of spatters allowed per image block (5 × 5 × 2 = 50) is calculated as the base value for the preset quantity threshold. Then, through small-batch trial production (at least 30 sets of different process parameters), the correlation between the welding process anomaly judgment and the actual weld quality defects (such as porosity and cracks) under this threshold is verified. If the correlation is low (many misjudgments or omissions), the threshold is adjusted, such as reducing it to 45, and the verification is repeated until a reasonable value that can accurately reflect the process anomaly is found.

[0056] Number of splashes per unit area Threshold for spatter quantity, shortest distance between spatter and weld. The safe distance threshold between spatter and weld seam, and the laser power setting value in the welding log. If the maximum safe power for the corresponding material is reached, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be laser power overload; when the number of spatters during the arc initiation / outgoing phase... Twice the amount of spatter in the middle section of the weld, and the arc initiation / outgoing acceleration. When the speed mutation threshold is reached, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be abnormal welding speed; when the standard deviation of the gray value in the spatter area... The ratio of the perimeter to the area of ​​the splash outline. And protect the real-time flow rate of the gas If the required shielding gas flow rate for welding the corresponding material is used, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be an abnormality in the shielding gas; when the maximum particle diameter of the spatter... Gray difference Furthermore, the actual defocus amount deviates from the preset defocus amount. If so, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be an abnormal laser focal length;

[0057] After receiving an abnormal warning signal, the execution module will issue a buzzer warning through the buzzer module of the intelligent control component to inform the staff that an abnormality has occurred in the welding. The abnormality cause analyzed by the analysis module will also be transmitted to the staff via SMS through the wireless transmission module of the intelligent control component.

[0058] Working Principle: When using this invention, the laser welding device for processing automotive parts is first used to place and fix the parts. The operator pulls the positioning plates 12 in the two-sided buckling mechanism outwards. The positioning plates 12 drive the fixing rod 17 to move outwards from the limiting hole. The telescopic spring 18 on the fixing rod 17 is compressed, and the limiting plate 19 slides synchronously with the fixing rod 17 in the limiting hole. After the distance between the two positioning plates 12 is sufficient, the automotive parts to be welded are placed on the placement plate 13. The positioning plates 12 are released, and the telescopic spring 18 returns to its original position, pushing the fixing rod 17 and the positioning plates 12 inwards until the positioning plates 12 are tightly attached to both sides of the parts to complete the fixation. The two barrier plates 3 further restrict the parts from both sides. Lateral displacement of the component; then, coarse adjustment of the welding mechanism position is performed. The linear motors 2 on both sides of the base plate 1 are started. The linear motors 2 drive the moving seat 4 to slide laterally along its track. The moving seat 4 drives the upper lifting adjustment mechanism (fixed cylinder 5, electric telescopic rod 16, horizontal support 7, guide cylinder 6), welding mechanism (laser welder 8, fixed plate) and angle adjustment mechanism (rotary motor 14, laser welding head 10) to move synchronously until the laser welding head 10 is roughly aligned with the welding area of ​​the component; then, the welding height is adjusted, and the electric telescopic rod 16 inside the fixed cylinder 5 on the moving seat 4 is started. Its output end pushes the horizontal support 7 to move vertically up and down. The guide cylinders 6 on both sides of the bottom surface of the horizontal support 7 are in the fixed cylinder The outer synchronous sliding mechanism 5 provides guidance and stability. By adjusting the height of the horizontal support 7, the laser welding head 10 is positioned at a suitable welding height. Then, the welding mechanism undergoes longitudinal fine-tuning. The drive motor 11 at one end of the horizontal support 7 is activated, its output driving the screw 15 inside the moving slot 9 to rotate. The laser welder 8, threadedly connected to the screw 15 and slidably engaged with the upper end of the horizontal support 7, slides longitudinally along the length of the horizontal support 7 as the screw 15 rotates, precisely moving the laser welding head 10 above the welding point. Next, the welding angle is adjusted. The rotary motor 14 on the fixed plate at one end of the laser welder 8 is activated, its output driving the laser welding head 10 to rotate around the fixed plate, according to the welding requirements of the parts. The angle of the joint needs to be adjusted to a suitable angle to ensure that the laser beam accurately irradiates the welding point at the required angle. After the adjustment is completed, the welding operation begins. The laser welder 8 is started, and the laser beam generated by it irradiates the welding point of the component through the laser welding head 10. If the position needs to be adjusted during the process, the steps of driving the linear motor 2 to move laterally, adjusting the height of the electric telescopic rod 16, driving the longitudinal sliding of the drive motor 11, and adjusting the angle of the rotary motor 14 can be repeated. After the welding is completed, the laser welder 8 is turned off to stop the laser output. The positioning plate 12 is pulled outward again to compress the telescopic spring 18, and the positioning plate 12 is separated from the component. The welded component is then removed from the placement plate 13, and the entire process is completed.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding device for processing automotive parts, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: The base plate (1) has a buckle mechanism installed at both ends, and two baffle plates (3) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the base plate (1). Linear motors (2) are installed on the base plate (1) on the outer side of the two baffle plates (3). Moving seats (4) are slidably installed on the linear motors (2) on both sides. A lifting adjustment mechanism is installed vertically upward on the moving seat (4). A welding mechanism is installed on the lifting adjustment mechanism. An angle adjustment mechanism is assembled on the welding mechanism. The control box of the welding device is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module. The acquisition module collects image data and transmits the collected image data to the analysis module; The analysis module receives the image data transmitted from the acquisition module, preprocesses the image data, and filters it to obtain the analysis image; The analysis image is analyzed to determine whether the anomaly is an attachment, and whether the attachment is spatter. The quantity of spatter is used to determine whether there is an anomaly in the welding process. If there is an anomaly, an anomaly warning signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module. The analysis module performs the following steps to determine the analysis results from the images: S1: The number of anomaly markers for multiple image data acquired at the same location at the same time. Statistical analysis was conducted separately for each case. The image data is removed, and then the number of outlier markers corresponding to the remaining image data is compared. Set a preset threshold for the number of anomaly markers; The image with the fewest anomaly markers among the remaining image data is selected for analysis. S2: If there are image data with the same number of abnormal markers in the remaining image data, then compare the gray values ​​of gray blocks on the gray image; mark the gray blocks with the same gray value as the preset part gray value as part gray blocks, count the region contour of the part gray blocks, and compare it with the contour map of the corresponding part in the corresponding direction. If the two contour maps are proportional to the region contour, then it is determined that all the parts within the region contour are part images. S3: For image data with the same number of anomaly markers, count the number of grayscale blocks of anomaly markers inside and outside the region contour, and select the part image with fewer anomaly markers inside the contour as the analysis image; The analysis steps for the analysis module to determine anomalies are as follows: K1: Obtain the numbers of grayscale blocks within the contour of the analyzed image region, and obtain the grayscale value data of the corresponding numbered grayscale blocks. Grayscale block data corresponding to the standard part number Comparison, This refers to the numbering data of the corresponding grayscale blocks; K2: If Not here If the value is within the specified range, the corresponding grayscale block is determined to have an abnormal grayscale value and is marked as an abnormal grayscale block. The number of rows and columns of the abnormal grayscale blocks is recorded. Then, the image data of the part in the direction corresponding to the number of rows or columns is collected and the image data is analyzed. If the outline of the part area in the corresponding direction is larger than the outline of the part area of ​​the standard part, the abnormal grayscale block at the corresponding position is determined to be an attachment. K3: Obtaining the outline of the attachment. If the outline of the attachment consists of multiple segments, the included angle between adjacent outlines is less than... If the included angles are not the same, the outline of the attachment is determined to be irregular; the gray values ​​of the corresponding gray blocks of the attachment outline are obtained, and the mean gray value is calculated. Compared with the preset range of grayscale values ​​for splatter, if the average value is... If the grayscale value of the spatter is within the preset range and the outline is irregular, the attached object is initially determined to be spatter. Then, the shortest distance between the attached object and the welding point is obtained, and the distance data is compared with the preset distance threshold. If it is less than the preset distance threshold, the attached object is determined to be spatter. K4: Using the weld seam as the boundary, acquire image data within a predetermined distance on both sides of the boundary, and segment the acquired image data into image blocks of the same size at equal intervals. Count the number of spatters in each image block. If the number of spatters in a corresponding image block exceeds a preset threshold, and the number of corresponding image blocks... If an error occurs, it is determined that there is an abnormality in the welding process, an abnormality warning signal is generated, and the abnormality warning signal is transmitted to the execution module. This represents the total number of image patches after segmentation. After receiving an abnormal warning signal, the execution module will issue a buzzer warning through the buzzer module of the intelligent control component to inform the staff that an abnormality has occurred in the welding. The abnormality cause analyzed by the analysis module will also be transmitted to the staff via SMS through the wireless transmission module of the intelligent control component.

2. The laser welding device for processing automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buckling mechanism includes limiting holes that are opened at both ends of the base plate (1). A limiting plate (19) is slidably installed in the limiting hole. A fixing rod (17) is horizontally fixed to one end of the limiting plate (19). A telescopic spring (18) is sleeved on the fixing rod (17), and a positioning plate (12) is fixed to the other end of the fixing rod (17). A shelf (13) is provided between the positioning plates (12).

3. The laser welding device for processing automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and adjusting mechanism includes a fixed cylinder (5) fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable seat (4). An electric telescopic rod (16) is installed on the movable seat (4) inside the fixed cylinder (5). The output end of the electric telescopic rod (16) is fixedly connected to the horizontal support (7). Guide cylinders (6) are fixedly connected to both sides of the bottom surface of the horizontal support (7) above the fixed cylinder (5). The guide cylinders (6) and the fixed cylinder (5) are slidably sleeved together.

4. The laser welding device for processing automotive parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal support (7) is equipped with a drive motor (11) at one end, and a moving groove (9) is provided on one side of the horizontal support (7). A screw (15) is horizontally rotatably installed inside the moving groove (9). One end of the screw (15) passes through the horizontal support (7) and is coaxially fixed to the output end of the drive motor (11).

5. The laser welding device for processing automotive parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The welding mechanism includes a laser welder (8) that is threadedly sleeved on a screw (15). The laser welder (8) is slidably engaged with the upper end of a horizontal support (7), and a fixing plate is fixedly attached downward at one end of the laser welder (8).

6. The laser welding device for processing automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism includes a rotary motor (14) installed on one side of the fixed plate. The output end of the rotary motor (14) passes through the fixed plate and is snapped into one side of the laser welding head (10).

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