Soil priority flow zone simulation research device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a soil preferential flow zone simulation research device and method, namely, a water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol pipeline is manufactured through 3D printing, the water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol pipeline is buried into soil after being filled with quartz stones with different sizes, then polyvinyl alcohol is slowly washed and dissolved with water, and finally pores for simulating a soil preferential flow zone are formed; the device consists of an optical fiber oxygen meter control end, an optical fiber oxygen meter probe, a crotch-shaped pore, an inverted L-shaped pore, a cylindrical pore, an S-shaped pore, a water outlet, soil and organic glass, after a soil sample is collected, parameters such as abundance of microorganisms and molecular characteristics of soluble organic matters in soil are analyzed and measured by virtue of technologies such as high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. By comparing the parameters, the influence of different environmental conditions on microorganisms and soil organic matters in the soil preferential flow area is analyzed. The device is advanced, is convenient to operate, and is not limited by the external environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of soil monitoring technology, and relates to a device and method for simulating and studying soil preferential flow areas, and in particular to a device and method for simulating preferential flow areas formed by soil pores by 3D printing using a water-soluble material, polyvinyl alcohol, for studying changes in microorganisms and soil organic matter in soil preferential flow areas caused by environmental influences. Background Art

[0002] In the context of globalization and industrialization, the impact of human production activities on the environment cannot be ignored. For example, due to the combustion of fossil fuels, automobile exhaust, and industrial waste gas emissions, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides interact with water vapor in the air, ultimately forming atmospheric acid deposition such as acid rain, which in turn affects soils closely related to agricultural production activities. Soil preferential flow is a common form of soil water movement. Preferential flow is a sign of the shift from homogeneous to heterogeneous water and solute transport, representing an unbalanced water flow process. The water flow and solute transport rates within the preferential flow path are much higher than those within the soil matrix. The preferential flow zone of soil is more sensitive to environmental influences than the matrix flow zone. However, there is currently a lack of effective methods to simulate soil pores, making it impossible to study the impact of environmental factors on microorganisms and soil organic matter in the preferential flow zone of soil, thus hindering the implementation of environmental risk assessment.

[0003] The present invention proposes a device and method for analyzing the impact of acid rain on microorganisms and soil organic matter in preferential flow zones formed by 3D printing of water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol to simulate soil pores. After soil samples are collected, high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry can be used to achieve qualitative and quantitative analysis of microorganisms and organic matter in soil samples. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a soil preferential flow zone simulation research device and method, namely, using 3D printing water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol, filling quartz stones of different sizes and burying them in the soil, and then using water to slowly rinse and dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol, and finally forming pores that simulate the soil preferential flow zone; the device consists of a fiber optic oxygen meter control end, a fiber optic oxygen meter probe, tree branch-shaped pores, inverted L-shaped pores, cylindrical pores, S-shaped pores, a water outlet, soil, and plexiglass, and is advanced, easy to operate, and not restricted by the external environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: A soil preferential flow zone simulation research device and method, comprising a fiber optic oxygen meter control terminal, a fiber optic oxygen meter probe, a tree-branch pore, an inverted L-shaped pore, a cylindrical pore, an S-shaped pore, a water outlet, soil, and organic glass; The above-mentioned organic glass has a length of 0.4 meters, a width of 0.2 meters, and a height of 0.3 meters. Six circular water outlets are set on the inner wall of the vessel. These six circular water outlets are respectively located at the same height below the left and right sides of the uncovered square organic glass; The above soils are represented by black soil, fluvo-aquic soil and red soil; The pores in the soil preferential flow zone are simulated by using water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol branch-shaped pipes, inverted L-shaped pipes, cylindrical pipes, S-shaped pipes, etc. obtained by 3D printing technology; The size of the quartz stone filled above is determined by the pore size of the preferential flow in the research target, ranging from 0.1 mm to 10 mm; After the above soil samples were collected, high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were used to analyze and determine parameters such as the abundance of microorganisms and molecular characteristics of soluble organic matter in the soil. By comparing these parameters, the impact of changes in environmental conditions on microorganisms and soil organic matter in the soil preferential flow area was analyzed.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include but are not limited to: 1) This device is combined with advanced 3D printing technology to produce water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol branch-shaped pipes, inverted L-shaped pipes, cylindrical pipes, S-shaped pipes, etc., which can effectively simulate the preferential flow areas in the soil. Its water solubility also ensures that the material can flow out with the leaching water; 2) The device has fewer components, which can effectively improve the ease of operation; 3) This device can be used for scientific research operations in laboratories with certain conditions, without being affected by the external climate environment, and can effectively improve experimental operability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling device structure of Example 1. Figure 1 In the figure, (1) is the control end of the fiber optic oxygen meter, (2) is the probe of the fiber optic oxygen meter, (3) is the tree branch pore, (4) is the inverted L-shaped pore, (5) is the cylindrical pore, (6) is the S-shaped pore, (7) is the water outlet, (8) is acid rain, (9) is soil, and (10) is organic glass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The following examples are provided to facilitate a better understanding of the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application.

[0009] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0010] Example 1 This paper proposes a device and method for simulating soil preferential flow zones. Using 3D printing with the water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the device simulates soil pores to form preferential flow zones. The device and method analyze the effects of acid rain on microorganisms and soil organic matter in preferential flow zones with an average particle size of 2 mm. The device and method include a fiber optic oxygen meter control terminal, a fiber optic oxygen meter probe, branch-shaped pores, inverted L-shaped pores, cylindrical pores, S-shaped pores, a water outlet, soil, and organic glass. This device effectively compares the effects of acid rain on soil preferential flow zones and matrix flow zones. Soil samples were collected in Heilongjiang, Tianjin, and Zhejiang provinces.

[0011] The implementation steps are as follows: First, a layer of quartz wool was laid on the bottom of an uncovered square plexiglass tube. Quartz sand was then placed 3 cm thick on top of the quartz wool. In the soil matrix flow zone, 5 kg of soil was evenly applied in small, repeated batches and compacted. Then, 3 cm of quartz sand was added on top of the soil. In the soil preferential flow zone, water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was first created using 3D printing technology to create tree-branch pores, inverted L-shaped pores, cylindrical pores, and S-shaped pores. A small funnel was used to fill the tube with 2 mm quartz sand. Then, 5 kg of soil was evenly applied in small, repeated batches and the tube was buried in the soil. Then, 3 cm of quartz sand was added on top of the soil. Distilled water was used to slowly leach the soil from above, dissolving the water-soluble PVA. This formed preferential flow channels simulated by quartz stone.

[0012] Acid rain with a pH of 4.5 was prepared using a molar ratio of H2SO4:HNO3 (2:1). Based on the average annual rainfall of 500 mm in Tianjin, the average daily rainfall of the device was 110 mL. The experimental period was 28 days and the flow rate was 5 mL / min.

[0013] After the experiment, a rapid cooling and layer-by-layer peeling method was used to obtain soil from the preferential flow zone and the matrix flow zone. This involved rapidly cooling the device in liquid nitrogen. The soil was then removed from the soil using stainless steel sheets. Smaller steel sheets were then used to separate the soil layer by layer, centered around the interstices of the quartz sand, to obtain soil samples from different microregions.

[0014] After soil samples are collected, they can be analyzed using techniques such as high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to measure parameters such as soil microbial abundance and the molecular characteristics of soluble organic matter. By comparing these parameters, the impact of acid rain on microorganisms and soil organic matter in preferential flow zones can be analyzed.

[0015] Finally, it should be noted that although the present application has been disclosed above through the description of specific embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that those skilled in the art may design various modifications, improvements, or equivalents of the present application within the spirit and scope of the attached solutions. Such modifications, improvements, or equivalents should also be considered to be included within the scope of protection claimed by the present application.

Claims

1. A soil preferential flow zone simulation research device and method, characterized in that: 3D printing is used to manufacture water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol pipes, which are filled with quartz stones of different sizes and buried in the soil. Water is then used to slowly elute and dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol, ultimately forming pores that simulate the preferential flow zone of the soil. This device and method are used to analyze the changes in microorganisms and soil organic matter in the preferential flow zone of the soil under environmental influences.

2. A soil preferential flow zone simulation research device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device consists of a fiber optic oxygen meter control end, a fiber optic oxygen meter probe, a tree-branch pore, an inverted L-shaped pore, a cylindrical pore, an S-shaped pore, a water outlet, soil, and organic glass.

3. As described in claim 1, the size of the filled quartz stone is determined by the pore diameter of the preferential flow in the research target, and ranges from 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The fiber optic oxygen meter model is Microx4 &Microx4 trace.

5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The tree-branch pores, inverted L-shaped pores, cylindrical pores, and S-shaped pores are obtained by 3D printing of the water-soluble material polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The soils are represented by black soil, fluvo-aquic soil and red soil.

7. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The length of the organic glass is 0.4 m, the width is 0.2 m, and the height is 0.3 m. Six circular water outlets are set on the inner wall of the vessel. These six circular water outlets are respectively located on the left and right sides of the uncovered square organic glass at a height of 0.05 m.

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