TBM carrying type geological advanced forecasting equipment and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) carrying type geological advanced forecasting equipment and a construction method thereof, belongs to the technical field of geological advanced forecasting equipment and construction methods thereof, and solves the problems that the existing geological advanced forecasting is poor in accuracy and cannot be subjected to accuracy verification in real time, so that the actual geology is easily inconsistent with the forecast geology, and the forecasting accuracy is poor. And the construction safety is threatened. The device comprises an infrared water detector and a geological radar which are arranged on the TBM and used for forecasting the geology in the tunneling direction in advance, and a detection mechanism which is arranged on a cutterhead and used for detecting gas at the position broken by at least one hob with different diameters, and the verification end is used for verifying the accuracy of data detected by the infrared water detector and the geological radar according to the data detected by the detection mechanism. The method is used for TBM carrying type geological advanced forecasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device and a construction method thereof, which are used for TBM-mounted geological advance prediction and belong to the technical field of geological advance prediction devices and construction methods thereof. Background Art

[0002] TBM-mounted geological advance forecasting involves installing forecasting equipment on the TBM to conduct real-time or periodic geological surveys, rather than relying on external, independent monitoring methods. This integrated system continuously monitors the geological conditions ahead during tunneling, providing immediate data feedback. Forecasts may include geological structures, such as faults and fracture zones, or groundwater conditions, such as the presence of aquifers and the risk of water inrush. These geological issues are crucial for tunnel construction; advance forecasting can prevent accidents such as landslides and water inrush, ensuring construction safety.

[0003] The existing technology is to carry out construction according to the report after conducting geological advance forecast. However, relying solely on the report obtained by geological advance forecast has the following technical problems: The accuracy of geological advance forecasts is poor and cannot be verified in real time, which can easily lead to inconsistencies between actual geology and predicted geology, threatening construction safety and other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device and its construction method to solve the problems of poor accuracy of existing geological advance predictions and the inability to verify accuracy in real time, which easily leads to inconsistency between actual geology and predicted geology, threatening construction safety, etc.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device includes an infrared water detector and a geological radar installed on the TBM for advanced prediction of the geology in the excavation direction, a detection mechanism installed on the cutterhead for detecting gas at the location where at least one roller cutter of different diameters is crushed, and a verification terminal for verifying the accuracy of the data detected by the detection mechanism against the data detected by the infrared water detector and the geological radar.

[0006] Furthermore, the detection mechanism includes a box body fixed on the back of the cutter disc, with the hob cover arranged inside and open at the top and at least one opposite end. The box body is provided with a filter port, the filter port is connected to a cavity structure, and the cavity structure is provided with an air pump and a multi-gas detector for real-time detection of the gas in the cavity structure.

[0007] Furthermore, along a relative opening direction, on both sides of the filter port, an inverted U-shaped chute is provided on the box body, and a T-shaped heavy hammer scraper is slidably provided in the two inverted U-shaped chute to scrape off the crushed residue on the filter port and the crushed residue at the rear end of the roller.

[0008] Furthermore, a threaded connector A is provided outside the filter port; The cavity structure includes a threaded connector B that is threadably matched with the threaded connector A, a cavity connected to the threaded connector B, located at one end of the threaded connector B, and a non-woven filter structure movably disposed in the cavity; The multi-gas detector detects the gas filtered by the non-woven filter structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the nonwoven filter structure includes a T-shaped plate, the T-shaped plate includes a horizontal plate and two mesh vertical plates, the nonwoven fabric is sandwiched between the two mesh vertical plates, and the horizontal plate is provided with a mounting hole; The cavity is provided with a slot, and convex blocks are provided on both sides of the slot. The convex blocks are provided with threaded holes corresponding to the mounting holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the verification end receives the scanning and detection data of each location detected by the infrared water detector and the geological radar to obtain a corresponding geological detection report, and integrates the two geological detection reports according to the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector and the geological radar to obtain the geological types of different locations; Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and the corresponding concentration ranges; Obtain the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the cutterhead real-time rotation angle, and the distance between the detection mechanism and the cutterhead center to calculate the current detection position detected by the detection mechanism, that is, the position at the tunnel face; Based on the retrieved and integrated geological exploration report of the current detected location, the geological type of the current detected location is obtained, and then it is determined whether the various gases and corresponding concentrations at the current detected location detected by the detection agency exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases produced by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and comparative information is fed back.

[0011] Furthermore, the formula for collecting coordinates of infrared water detectors and geological radars is: The calculation formula for the current detection position detected by the multi-gas detector is: Where, and Respectively represent the installation of infrared water detector and geological radar on X axis, Y axis and Z axis, that is, the initial coordinates, Indicates the actual displacement, 、 and Indicates the periodic error compensation in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, Indicates the horizontal rotation angle of the TBM cutterhead around the Z axis, represents the pitch angle, and Detect the coordinates of the current detection position for the multi-gas detector, Indicates the distance between the multi-gas detector and the center of the cutter head. Indicates the real-time rotation angle of the cutter head. Indicates the angle of the reference direction of the cutter head rotation, that is, the initial angle of the multi-gas detector. Indicates the static installation height reference, represents the amplitude, Represents the phase angle.

[0012] Furthermore, the infrared water detectors are arranged in an array on the cutterhead; The geological radar includes a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna that integrate a transmitter and a receiver. The low-frequency antenna is arranged at the center of the cutter head and the high-frequency antenna is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the shield.

[0013] A TBM-mounted geological advance prediction construction method includes the following steps: Step 1: Before excavation begins, use an infrared water detector and a geological radar to scan and detect the excavation direction respectively. The scanning and detection data are fed back to the verification end to generate a corresponding geological detection report. The two geological detection reports are integrated according to the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector and the geological radar to obtain the geological types at different locations. Step 2: Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and their corresponding concentration ranges; Step 3: Excavate the scanned and detected area and activate the detection mechanisms on the cutterhead to obtain the detected gases and their concentrations at the current detection position in real time. Step 4: The verification terminal obtains the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the real-time rotation angle of the cutterhead, and the distance between the detection mechanism and the cutterhead center to calculate the current detection position of each detection mechanism, that is, the position at the tunnel face; Step 5: Based on the retrieved and integrated geological exploration report of the current detected position, the geological type of the current detected position is obtained, and then the detection agency determines whether the various gases and corresponding concentrations at the current detected position exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases produced by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and feedback is given for comparison. If the comparison information meets the requirements, excavation continues; otherwise, excavation is stopped.

[0014] Furthermore, the detection data detected by each geological radar in step 1 is used to generate a radar geological detection report through geological radar analysis software; The scanning data of each infrared water detector is used to generate the excavation direction and infrared geological detection report through curve generation software.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: First, the present invention integrates an infrared water detector and a geological radar for multi-dimensional detection, thereby improving the coverage of advance forecast data. When the coverage of advance forecast data is improved, the detection mechanism collects gas data generated by geological fragmentation in real time, and cross-verifies it with radar and infrared data. This can promptly detect inconsistencies between actual geology and predicted geology, effectively avoiding threats to construction safety. Second, the detection mechanism of the present invention extracts gas through an air pump, filters the crushed slag from the rear side of the hob through the filter port, and discharges the crushed slag from the opening side of the box body through the rotation of the cutter head, which not only ensures that the impurity content of the gas pumped into the cavity structure by the pump body is low, but also ensures that the extracted gas corresponds to the crushing position in real time, and effectively avoids gas diffusion through the box body, thereby improving the accuracy of detection of the multi-gas detector, and the cavity structure is directly arranged at the rear end of the box body, which can effectively avoid the distance from gas extraction to detection being too long, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of poor real-time performance of gas detection; Third, the present invention utilizes an inverted U-shaped chute combined with a T-shaped weight scraper. When the cutter disc rotates, the box body rotates synchronously. When the inverted U-shaped chute is tilted, the T-shaped weight scraper slides due to its own gravity, scraping off the debris at the filter port and the rear end of the roller cutter, and pushing the stuck crushed debris in the box body toward the outlet. This not only ensures that the gas flow path is unobstructed to avoid insufficient gas drawn into the pump body that is not conducive to accurate detection, but also effectively avoids the problem of easy blockage of slag discharge. Fourth, the cavity structure of the present invention is coordinated with the box body, which is easy to disassemble and maintain, and the non-woven filter structure is movably arranged on the cavity, which is easy to filter, clean and replace if damaged; 5. The verification terminal of the present invention can accurately obtain the gas position detected at the tunnel face, and compare the geological information determined by the two geological exploration reports with historical data to verify whether the geological information determined by the geological exploration reports is abnormal, thereby ensuring construction safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of one side of the cutter head in the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the back side of the cutter head in the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the present invention; In the figure: 1-infrared water detector, 2-geological radar, 3-cutter head, 4-hob, 5-detection mechanism, 6-box, 7-filter port, 8-cavity structure, 9-air pump, 10-multi-gas detector, 11-inverted U-shaped chute, 12-T-shaped hammer scraper, 13-threaded connector A, 14-threaded connector B, 15-non-woven filter structure, 16-T-shaped plate, 17-horizontal plate, 18-grid vertical plate, 19-non-woven fabric, 20-mounting hole, 21-cavity, 22-slotted mouth, 23-bump, 24-threaded hole, 25-low-frequency antenna, 26-high-frequency antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In order to address the problems of poor accuracy in existing geological advance forecasts and the inability to conduct real-time accuracy verification, which easily leads to inconsistencies between actual geology and predicted geology and threatens construction safety, a TBM-mounted geological advance forecasting device is disclosed, comprising an infrared hydrometer 1 and a geological radar 2 mounted on the TBM for advanced forecasting of geology in the excavation direction, a detection mechanism 5 mounted on the cutterhead 3 for detecting gas at locations where at least one roller cutter 4 of different diameters is crushed, and a verification terminal for verifying the accuracy of data detected by the detection mechanism 5 against data detected by the infrared hydrometer 1 and the geological radar 2. The verification terminal can be located in an area where construction personnel are located.

[0020] The detection mechanism 5 includes a box body 6 fixed on the back of the cutter disc 3, which covers the hob 4 and is open at the top and at least one opposite end. The box body 6 is provided with a filter port 7, and the filter port 7 is connected to a cavity structure 8. The cavity structure 8 is provided with an air pump 9 and a multi-gas detector 10 for real-time detection of the gas in the cavity structure 8.

[0021] Along a relative opening direction, on both sides of the filter port 7, an inverted U-shaped chute 11 is provided on the box body 6, and T-shaped heavy hammer scrapers 12 are slidably provided in the two inverted U-shaped chute 11 to scrape off the crushed residue on the filter port 7 and the crushed residue at the rear end of the roller.

[0022] A threaded connector A13 is provided outside the filter port 7; The cavity structure 8 includes a threaded connector B14 threadedly matched with the threaded connector A13, a cavity 21 connected to the threaded connector B14, located at one end of the threaded connector B14, and a non-woven filter structure 15 movably disposed in the cavity; The multi-gas detector 10 detects the gas filtered by the non-woven filter structure 15. One of the threaded connector A13 and the threaded connector B14 is provided with an external thread, and the other is provided with an internal thread that matches the external thread.

[0023] The nonwoven filter structure 15 includes a T-shaped plate 16, which includes a horizontal plate 17 and two grid vertical plates 18, a nonwoven fabric 19 sandwiched between the two grid vertical plates 18, and a mounting hole 20 is provided on the horizontal plate 17; The cavity 21 is provided with a slot 22 , and protrusions 23 are provided on both sides of the slot 22 . The protrusions 23 are provided with threaded holes 24 corresponding to the mounting holes 20 .

[0024] The verification terminal receives the scan and detection data of each location detected by the infrared water detector 1 and the geological radar 2 to obtain a corresponding geological detection report, and integrates the two geological detection reports based on the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector and the geological radar to obtain the geological type of different locations. Of course, in practice, a geological detection report can also be constructed to obtain the geological type of different locations, but in this case, the accuracy is lower than that of combining the two methods. In practice, equipment using seismic waves can also be deployed on the cutterhead.

[0025] Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and the corresponding concentration ranges; Obtain the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the cutterhead real-time rotation angle, and the distance between the multi-gas detector and the cutterhead center to calculate the current detection position of the multi-gas detector, that is, the position on the tunnel face; Based on the retrieved and integrated geological exploration report of the current detected location, the geological type of the current detected location is obtained, and then it is determined whether the various gases and corresponding concentrations detected by the multi-gas detector at the current detected location exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases produced by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and comparative information is fed back.

[0026] The infrared water detectors 1 are arranged in an array on the cutter head 3; The geological radar 2 includes a low-frequency antenna 25 and a high-frequency antenna 26 that integrate a transmitter and a receiver. The low-frequency antenna is arranged at the center of the cutter head and the high-frequency antenna is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the shield.

[0027] In practice, before excavation begins, the excavation direction is scanned and detected by the infrared water detector 1 and the geological radar 2 respectively, and the scanning and detection data are fed back to the verification end to generate a corresponding geological detection report. The two geological detection reports are integrated according to the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector 1 and the geological radar 2 to obtain the geological types of different locations. That is, the scanning and detection data of the corresponding positions are obtained through the coordinate mapping method to obtain the geological types of different locations, as shown in the following table. The detection data detected by each geological radar 2 is used to generate a radar geological detection report through geological radar analysis software; The scanning data of each infrared water detector 1 is used to generate the excavation direction and infrared geological detection report through the curve generation software.

[0028] Step 2: Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and their corresponding concentration ranges; Step 3: Excavate the scanned and detected area while simultaneously activating the various detection mechanisms on the cutterhead to obtain real-time information on the gases detected at the current detection location and their corresponding concentrations. During TBM operation, the cutterhead rotates, and the detection mechanisms on the cutterhead rotate synchronously. During this rotation, the pump operates, drawing gas from the corresponding cutter location from the housing 6 through the filter port 7 into the cavity structure 8. Gas is then filtered by the non-woven filter structure 15 within the cavity structure 8 before being fed to a multi-gas detector 10 (multiple detectors can be integrated or installed in the cavity, with their probes positioned within the cavity) for gas detection. The detected gas information is fed back to the verification terminal in real time. This information includes whether the detector for a specific gas detected the corresponding gas, whether the corresponding gas was detected, and its current concentration. The pump extracts the detected gas for processing. During the detection process, the T-shaped weight scraper 12 slides along the inverted U-shaped chute 11 to scrape away the crushed debris on the filter port 7 and at the rear end of the cutter.

[0029] Step 4: The verification terminal obtains the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the real-time rotation angle of the cutterhead, and the distance between the detection mechanism 5 and the cutterhead center to calculate the current detection position detected by each detection mechanism, that is, the position at the tunnel face; Step 5: Based on the search for the integrated geological exploration report at the current detected position, obtain the geological type of the current detected position. If the same coordinates are retrieved, if there are no identical coordinates, retrieve the nearest coordinates to obtain the geological type of the current detected position. Then determine whether the gases and corresponding concentrations at the current detected position detected by the detection mechanism 5 exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases generated by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and feedback the comparison information. If the comparison information meets the requirements, continue excavation; otherwise, stop excavation.

[0030] Using the above construction logic, the tunnels are constructed in sequence.

Claims

1. A TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device, characterized by: The invention comprises an infrared water detector (1) and a geological radar (2) arranged on a TBM for making advance predictions of the geology in the excavation direction, a detection mechanism (5) arranged on a cutter head (3) for detecting gas at a position crushed by at least one roller cutter (4) of different diameters, and a verification terminal for verifying the accuracy of the data detected by the infrared water detector (1) and the geological radar (2).

2. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (5) comprises a box body (6) fixed on the back of the cutter disc (3), housing the rotary cutter (4) and having an opening at the top and at least one opposite end; a filter port (7) is provided on the box body (6); a cavity structure (8) is connected to the filter port (7); an air pump (9) and a multi-gas detector (10) for real-time detection of gas in the cavity structure (8) are provided on the cavity structure (8).

3. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An inverted U-shaped chute (11) is provided on the box body (6) at both sides of the filter opening (7) along a relative opening direction, and a T-shaped heavy hammer scraper (12) is slidably provided in the two inverted U-shaped chute (11) to scrape off the crushed slag on the filter opening (7) and the crushed slag at the rear end of the roller.

4. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A threaded connector A (13) is provided outside the filter port (7); The cavity structure (8) comprises a threaded connector B (14) threadably matched with the threaded connector A (13), a cavity (21) connected to the threaded connector B (14), located at one end of the threaded connector B (14), and a non-woven filter structure (15) movably arranged in the cavity; The multi-gas detector (10) detects the gas filtered by the non-woven filter structure (15).

5. The TBM-mounted geological advanced prediction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nonwoven filter structure (15) comprises a T-shaped plate (16), the T-shaped plate (16) comprises a horizontal plate (17) and two grid vertical plates (18), a nonwoven fabric (19) is sandwiched between the two grid vertical plates (18), and a mounting hole (20) is provided on the horizontal plate (17); The cavity (21) is provided with a slot (22), and convex blocks (23) are provided on both sides of the slot (22). The convex blocks (23) are provided with threaded holes (24) corresponding to the mounting holes (20).

6. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The verification end receives the scanning and detection data of each location detected by the infrared water detector (1) and the geological radar (2) to obtain a corresponding geological detection report, and integrates the two geological detection reports according to the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector and the geological radar to obtain the geological types of different locations; Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and the corresponding concentration ranges; Obtain the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the cutterhead real-time rotation angle, and the distance between the detection mechanism (5) and the cutterhead center to calculate the current detection position detected by the detection mechanism (5), that is, the position at the tunnel face; The geological type of the current detected location is obtained based on the geological exploration report after retrieval and integration at the current detected location, and then it is determined whether the various gases and corresponding concentrations at the current detected location detected by the detection agency (5) exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases generated by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and comparative information is fed back.

7. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The formula for the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector (1) and the geological radar (2) is: The calculation formula for the current detection position detected by the multi-gas detector is: Where, and Respectively represent the installation of infrared water detector and geological radar on X axis, Y axis and Z axis, that is, the initial coordinates, Indicates the actual displacement, 、 and Indicates the periodic error compensation in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis, Indicates the horizontal rotation angle of the TBM cutterhead around the Z axis, represents the pitch angle, and Detect the coordinates of the current detection position for the multi-gas detector, Indicates the distance between the multi-gas detector and the center of the cutter head. Indicates the real-time rotation angle of the cutter head. Indicates the angle of the reference direction of the cutter head rotation, that is, the initial angle of the multi-gas detector. Indicates the static installation height reference, represents the amplitude, Represents the phase angle.

8. The TBM-mounted geological advance prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared water detectors (1) are arranged in an array on the cutter head (3); The geological radar (2) comprises a low-frequency antenna (25) and a high-frequency antenna (26) that integrate a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the low-frequency antenna is arranged at the center of the cutter head and the high-frequency antenna is evenly arranged on the outer wall of the shield.

9. A TBM-mounted geological advance forecasting construction method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Before the excavation begins, the excavation direction is scanned and detected by the infrared water detector (1) and the geological radar (2), and the scanning and detection data are fed back to the verification end to generate a corresponding geological detection report. The geological types at different locations are obtained by integrating the two geological detection reports based on the acquisition coordinates of the infrared water detector (1) and the geological radar (2); Step 2: Based on historical data, obtain the gases produced by different geological types and their corresponding concentration ranges; Step 3: Excavate the scanned and detected area and activate the detection mechanisms on the cutterhead to obtain the detected gases and their concentrations at the current detection position in real time. Step 4: Obtain the angle of the cutterhead rotation reference direction, the cutterhead real-time rotation angle, and the distance between the detection mechanism (5) and the cutterhead center through the verification end to calculate the current detection position detected by each detection mechanism (5), that is, the position at the tunnel face; Step 5: Based on the geological exploration report after retrieval at the current detected position, the geological type of the current detected position is obtained, and then the detection mechanism (5) determines whether the gases and their corresponding concentrations at the current detected position exceed the concentration range corresponding to the gases generated by the same geological type obtained based on historical data, and feedbacks the comparison information. If the comparison information meets the requirements, continue excavation; otherwise, stop excavation.

10. A TBM-mounted geological advance prediction construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The detection data detected by each geological radar (2) in step 1 is used to generate a radar geological detection report through geological radar analysis software; The scanning data of each infrared water detector (1) is used to generate the excavation direction and infrared geological detection report through the curve generation software.

Images