Charging pile payment settlement and data storage method and system based on block chain

Abstract

The invention provides a charging pile payment settlement and data evidence storage method and system based on a block chain. The method comprises the following steps: building a block chain network comprising a charging pile node, a user terminal node, an operation management node and a supervision node; according to the invention, by using the characteristics of non-tampering and decentralization of the block chain, secure storage and transmission of user information, charging data and payment and settlement data are ensured, and the data are prevented from being tampered and leaked; through the automatic execution of the smart contract and the public transparency of the block chain, the calculation and payment process of the charging cost is public and checkable, human intervention and fraudulent behaviors are avoided, and the fairness and justice of the transaction are ensured; the data is packaged into a block chain structure, so that tampering resistance and traceability of the data are realized, and data support is provided for charging cost accounting, user right and interest guarantee and industry supervision; the calculation and payment of the charging cost are automatically completed through the smart contract, the payment and settlement efficiency is improved, and the user experience is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of charging piles, and in particular to a charging pile payment settlement and data notarization method and system based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of the new energy vehicle industry, the daily usage frequency of charging piles has increased significantly, especially in residential areas, commercial parks, highways and other scenarios. The high frequency of charging transactions has put higher demands on the real-time payment settlement and the reliability of data storage. However, in the existing charging pile payment settlement and data storage process, there are still certain problems:

[0003] 1. Traditional payment settlement methods rely on centralized servers, which are prone to data tampering and payment security issues. In addition, the settlement process is cumbersome and inefficient.

[0004] Second, in terms of data storage, since data is stored in a centralized database, its integrity and reliability are difficult to effectively guarantee. Once the server fails or is attacked, the data will be lost or tampered with, which brings great risks to both users and operators.

[0005] To this end, a charging pile payment settlement and data storage method and system based on blockchain is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention hope to provide a charging pile payment settlement and data storage method and system based on blockchain to solve or alleviate the technical problems existing in the existing technology and at least provide a beneficial option.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, this application adopts a technical solution: a charging pile payment settlement and data storage method based on blockchain, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign a unique digital certificate and public-private key pair to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm;

[0009] Step 2: The user submits their identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node. After verification by the node consensus, the user's digital identity is generated and stored on the chain, and the charging interface parameters of the new energy vehicle are bound;

[0010] Step 3: The user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning the code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, the charging pile is unlocked and charging transaction initialization information is generated;

[0011] Step 4: During the charging process, charging data is collected in real time, encrypted and packaged at preset time intervals, and a data block including the hash value of the previous block is generated and broadcast to the blockchain network;

[0012] Step 5: The smart contract calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data. It verifies the result based on the user's account balance or credit limit, automatically executes the payment instruction, and records the transaction to the blockchain.

[0013] Step 6: When charging is completed, a settlement block is generated. After verification by consensus among the user, operator, and supervisory node, the charging transaction records, device status data, and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure, and data sharing is opened according to node permissions.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step 1, the blockchain network is a consortium chain, supports cross-chain interaction protocols, realizes data intercommunication with the energy trading chain and the carbon credit chain through hash time lock contracts, and supports cross-chain clearing and settlement of charging fees;

[0015] The layered consensus algorithm adopts a layered consensus architecture. The bottom layer elects accounting nodes through the proof-of-stake mechanism, and the upper layer confirms transactions through the practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm. The priority weight of the accounting node is dynamically adjusted by the following formula:

[0016] Node weight = (device safety rating × 0.4 + operation time × 0.3 + user credit points × 0.3) × dynamic adjustment coefficient;

[0017] The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated in real time based on the network load and ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step 2, the process of generating the user digital identity includes biometric multi-factor authentication, and the specific steps of the biometric multi-factor authentication are:

[0019] Step 201: The user terminal collects fingerprint / face image and generates a feature hash value H1;

[0020] Step 202: The blockchain node compares H1 with the user's pre-stored biometric template H0 and calculates the Hamming distance D.

[0021] Step 203: If D ≤ the preset threshold, generate a composite key K = SHA256(H1||VIN||timestamp) in combination with the vehicle VIN code;

[0022] Step 204: Use K as the access key of the user's digital identity and store it in the distributed identity registry.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step four, the encryption packaging adopts the national secret SM4 algorithm; the data block generation frequency is 30 seconds / block, and each data block includes a timestamp, a device operation status code, and a charging parameter fluctuation threshold check value; the charging data includes charging voltage, charging current, and SOC data.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step five, the pre-designed fee rules include a dynamic price adjustment mechanism, which automatically calculates fees based on real-time grid load, time period electricity price, and carbon credit deduction coefficient; the payment instruction includes a one-time random number to prevent replay attacks; and the credit limit is calculated based on blockchain credit points.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step three, the charging transaction initialization information includes the geographical coordinates of the charging pile, the device model and the user-preset charging parameters.

[0026] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, in step 6, the tripartite consensus verification adopts a weighted Byzantine consensus mechanism, and the specific verification rules are:

[0027] Define the user node weight as W1, the operator node weight as W2, and the supervisory node weight as W3. When W1+W2+W3=1 and the single node type weight is W n ≤40%;

[0028] The settlement block must obtain signature confirmation from nodes with a total weight of ≥ 2 / 3, and must include valid verification from at least two different types of nodes;

[0029] The verified settlement blocks are linked to the main chain in chronological order, and the weight contribution value of each participating node is recorded in the block header to form an unalterable consensus evidence chain.

[0030] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted by this application is: a charging pile payment settlement and data storage system based on blockchain, which includes: a blockchain network construction module, a digital identity management module, a charging transaction initialization module, a data collection and encryption module, a smart contract settlement module and a multi-party consensus storage module;

[0031] The blockchain network construction module is configured to build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation and management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign a unique digital certificate and public and private key pairs to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm;

[0032] The digital identity management module is configured so that the user submits identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node, generates the user's digital identity after node consensus verification, stores it on the chain, and binds the new energy vehicle charging interface parameters;

[0033] The charging transaction initialization module is configured so that the user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning a code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, it unlocks the charging pile and generates charging transaction initialization information.

[0034] The data collection and encryption module is configured to collect charging data in real time during charging, encrypt and package it at preset time intervals, generate a data block including the hash value of the previous block, and broadcast it to the blockchain network;

[0035] The smart contract settlement module is configured as a smart contract that calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data collection, automatically executes the payment instruction based on the user account balance or credit limit verification result, and records the transaction to the blockchain;

[0036] The multi-party consensus evidence storage module is configured to generate a settlement block when charging is completed. After verification by the consensus of the user, operator, and regulatory node, the charging transaction records, device status data, and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure, and data sharing is opened according to node permissions.

[0037] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the data acquisition and encryption module includes a multimodal data fusion acquisition unit, an abnormal behavior detection unit and an edge computing encryption node;

[0038] The multimodal data fusion acquisition unit is configured to synchronously collect charging voltage, current, temperature, SOC data and device vibration frequency, and generate a multidimensional feature vector through Kalman filter fusion processing;

[0039] The abnormal behavior detection unit is configured to build a device anomaly detection model based on a long short-term memory network. The device anomaly detection model is trained with historical fault data on the blockchain. If it detects that the charging parameters deviate from the normal fluctuation threshold, it automatically triggers a three-level warning mechanism;

[0040] The edge computing encryption node is configured to deploy a lightweight encryption node locally at the charging pile, process the original data using the national encryption SM4 algorithm, generate an encrypted data packet, and then upload it to the blockchain network.

[0041] As a further preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the multi-party consensus evidence storage module opens data sharing according to node permissions, wherein the user terminal node can query the charging transaction records and corresponding carbon credit data of the past 180 days; the operation and management node can access the operating status data of the charging piles under its jurisdiction in real time; the supervision node can obtain the audit authority of the full amount of original data, and all data access operations generate timestamped logs for on-chain evidence.

[0042] The embodiment of the present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0043] 1. This invention ensures the secure storage and transmission of user information, charging data, and payment settlement data by utilizing the immutable and decentralized characteristics of blockchain, preventing data from being tampered with or leaked.

[0044] 2. Through the automatic execution of smart contracts and the openness and transparency of blockchain, this invention makes the calculation and payment process of charging fees publicly traceable, avoiding human intervention and fraud, and ensuring fair transactions;

[0045] 3. This invention achieves data immutability and traceability by packaging data into a blockchain structure, providing reliable data support for charging fee calculation, user rights protection, and industry supervision;

[0046] 4. The present invention automatically completes the calculation and payment of charging fees through smart contracts, reducing manual intervention and the tediousness of the settlement process, improving the efficiency of payment settlement, and enhancing the user experience.

[0047] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data storage method of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process of the biometric multi-factor authentication method of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data storage system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] It should be clear that the following embodiments of the present disclosure are described through specific concrete examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0054] It should be noted that various aspects of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any specific structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this disclosure, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that an aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects described herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. In addition, other structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects described herein can be used to implement this device and / or practice this method.

[0055] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present disclosure. The illustrations only show components related to the present disclosure and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed at will, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

[0056] Additionally, in the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects described can be practiced without these specific details.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if there are substantially the same results, the method of this application is not based on Figure 1 The process sequence shown is limited. Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown: A charging pile payment settlement and data storage method based on blockchain, including the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign a unique digital certificate and public-private key pair to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm;

[0059] Specifically, first, a blockchain network with a consortium chain architecture is built, and the node types are determined as charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation and management nodes, and supervision nodes. Charging pile nodes are deployed on the device side and configured with edge computing modules. User terminal nodes are integrated into the APP or vehicle terminal. Operation and management nodes are managed by operators, and supervision nodes are deployed by government departments. Hyperledger Fabric framework or Ant Chain FAAS platform are used, and inter-node communication is achieved through the gRPC protocol. Data transmission is encrypted using TLS1.3.

[0060] Then, each node submits a registration application to the alliance chain CA center. After the application is reviewed and approved, the CA center uses the national secret SM2 algorithm to generate a unique digital certificate for the node (following the X.509v3 standard). The node locally generates a public and private key pair of the SM2 algorithm. The private key is stored in the security chip, and the public key is synchronized to the network along with the certificate. When the node authority changes, the CA center publishes a certificate revocation list and broadcasts it to the entire network through a smart contract.

[0061] Next, a layered consensus algorithm is deployed. The bottom layer uses the Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanism. Every 10 minutes, the accounting nodes are elected according to "node weight = (device security rating × 0.4 + operation time × 0.3 + user credit points × 0.3) × dynamic adjustment coefficient (calculated in real time based on network load, ranging from 0.8-1.2)". The upper layer uses the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) mechanism. When a pre-confirmation message is received from at least 2 / 3 of the nodes, the block is put on the chain, and it can tolerate ≤ 1 / 3 malicious nodes.

[0062] Finally, the hash time lock contract (HTLC) is integrated as a cross-chain interaction protocol to achieve data interoperability with the energy trading chain and the carbon credit chain; sensitive data between nodes is encrypted and transmitted using the national secret SM4 algorithm, and the role-based access control (RBAC) mechanism limits data access rights. User terminals can only access their own data, and regulatory nodes require "two-person, two-key" authentication before they can query the full amount of data.

[0063] Step 2: The user submits their identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node. After verification by the node consensus, the user's digital identity is generated and stored on the chain, and the charging interface parameters of the new energy vehicle are bound;

[0064] Specifically, first, the user submits identity information (including fingerprint / face biometrics, name, mobile phone number, etc.) and vehicle information (such as vehicle VIN code, battery capacity, charging port type (such as GB / T 20234 standard), etc.) through the user terminal node (such as APP or vehicle terminal). The terminal node hashes the original biometric data (such as SHA-256 algorithm) and only uploads the feature hash value to the blockchain network to prevent the leakage of original data;

[0065] The blockchain network then triggers a node consensus verification process: the operation management node verifies the compliance of the vehicle information (such as whether it is within the operator's service range), the supervision node verifies the authenticity of the user's identity (such as connecting to the public security identity authentication interface), and the charging pile node verifies the compatibility of the vehicle's charging interface parameters with the local equipment (such as voltage range matching). When at least two-thirds of the consensus nodes (including at least one supervision node) confirm that the information is valid, the digital identity generation phase begins and the biometric multi-factor authentication process is executed.

[0066] Finally, the system automatically binds the user's digital identity with the new energy vehicle charging interface parameters to generate a unique device compatibility identifier (such as the combined hash value of "user DID + interface type + voltage range"). This identifier is used to quickly verify device compatibility in subsequent charging transactions to avoid security risks caused by incompatible charging.

[0067] Step 3: The user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning the code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, the charging pile is unlocked and charging transaction initialization information is generated;

[0068] Specifically, first, the user terminal (such as a mobile phone app or a vehicle terminal) scans the QR code on the charging pile display screen through the camera or uses the NFC module to approach the charging pile sensing area to obtain the charging pile's unique identification (such as device ID, MAC address) and geographic coordinate information; the QR code or NFC tag content is encrypted using the national secret SM4 algorithm and contains the charging pile public key, current timestamp and anti-replay random number (Nonce);

[0069] Then, based on the user digital identity generated in step 2, the user terminal constructs an authentication request data packet, specifically including:

[0070] User DID (distributed identity identifier);

[0071] The signature of the request content by the composite key K (the signature algorithm adopts SM2 to ensure that the request cannot be denied);

[0072] Timestamp (accurate to milliseconds, valid for ≤ 60 seconds);

[0073] Random number R1 (used to generate session key);

[0074] Vehicle charging interface parameter hash value (consistent with the parameters bound in step 2, used for quick compatibility verification);

[0075] Next, the user terminal sends the authentication request to the charging pile node via the MQTT protocol or HTTP / 2 protocol. After receiving it, the charging pile node performs preliminary verification (such as whether the timestamp has timed out and whether the signature is valid). If the verification passes, the request is broadcast to the blockchain network, triggering the digital identity verification process:

[0076] The operation management node queries the user status (such as whether the account is in arrears or whether the credit score meets the requirements);

[0077] The supervisory node verifies the validity of the user's digital identity (e.g., whether the certificate is in the CRL list);

[0078] The charging pile node compares the hash value of the user vehicle charging interface parameter with the locally stored device compatibility list (such as the GB / T 20234 standard interface matching rules);

[0079] When at least two-thirds of the consensus nodes (including at least one supervisory node) return a "verification passed" result, the blockchain network sends an unlock instruction to the charging pile node through the smart contract. The charging pile performs the physical lock unlocking operation (such as closing the relay) and generates charging transaction initialization information, including:

[0080] Transaction ID: generated by SHA-256 (user DID + charging pile ID + timestamp);

[0081] Charging pile geographic coordinates: obtained in real time through the Beidou positioning module, with an accuracy of ≤5 meters;

[0082] Device model: such as "TZC-2025-AC01", including information such as charging type (AC / DC), maximum power, etc.

[0083] User preset charging parameters: such as charging time (30 minutes), power limit (50kWh), whether to enable valley power priority, etc.

[0084] Initial status code: "INIT-001" indicates the charging state;

[0085] Consensus node signature set: contains the public keys and digital signatures of the nodes participating in the verification;

[0086] Finally, the charging pile node synchronizes the initialization information to the blockchain network through the P2P protocol, and the accounting node packages it into the current block and returns it to the user terminal confirmation interface. After the user confirms, the charging process begins.

[0087] Step 4: During the charging process, charging data is collected in real time, encrypted and packaged at preset time intervals, and a data block including the hash value of the previous block is generated and broadcast to the blockchain network;

[0088] Specifically, first, the charging pile node collects charging data in real time through built-in sensors, including charging voltage (unit: V), charging current (unit: A), state of charge (SOC) value (percentage), device temperature (unit: ° C) and vibration frequency (unit: Hz). The collection frequency is 1 time per second. The multi-source data is fused and processed through the Kalman filter to generate a multi-dimensional feature vector including a timestamp.

[0089] Then, the edge computing encryption node processes the original data as follows:

[0090] Using a device anomaly detection model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) network (trained with historical fault data stored on the blockchain, with a detection accuracy of ≥98%), the system calculates the deviation of current charging parameters from normal fluctuation thresholds (e.g., voltage ±10%, current ±15%). If the threshold is exceeded, a three-level warning is triggered (yellow warning ≤5 minutes, orange warning ≤2 minutes, and red warning: immediate power outage);

[0091] The data that passes the anomaly detection is encrypted using the national secret SM4 algorithm (key length 128 bits, encryption mode CBC, padding method PKCS#7) to generate an encrypted data packet;

[0092] Next, the encrypted data packets are packaged at a preset time interval (30 seconds) to generate data blocks. The specific steps are as follows:

[0093] The hash value of the previous block (calculated by the SHA-256 algorithm) is added to the header of each data block to form a chain structure;

[0094] Embedded device operation status code (such as "RUN-001" indicates normal operation, "ALM-002" indicates voltage abnormality), charging parameter fluctuation threshold check value (generated by CRC32 algorithm);

[0095] Finally, the charging pile node broadcasts the data block to the blockchain network through the P2P protocol. The accounting node (selected according to the hierarchical consensus algorithm in step one) verifies the data integrity (such as whether the hash value of the previous block matches and whether the CRC check passes). After verification, it is temporarily stored in the transaction pool and waits to be packaged into the official block.

[0096] Step 5: The smart contract calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data. It verifies the result based on the user's account balance or credit limit, automatically executes the payment instruction, and records the transaction to the blockchain.

[0097] Specifically, first, when the charging process starts, the smart contract automatically triggers the billing logic. Based on the preset charging parameters in the charging transaction initialization information (such as charging time and power limit) and the charging data collected in real time in step 4 (such as voltage, current, SOC value, and timestamp), the pre-designed fee rules are called to calculate the fee. The pre-designed fee rules include a dynamic price adjustment mechanism, which is automatically calculated based on the real-time grid load (such as the real-time grid load percentage obtained through the oracle), the time period electricity price (such as 1.2 yuan / kWh for peak electricity and 0.5 yuan / kWh for valley electricity), and the carbon credit deduction coefficient (1 carbon credit = 0.1 yuan). The formula is:

[0098] Charging cost = actual charging amount × electricity price during the period × (1 ± grid load regulation coefficient) - carbon credit deduction amount;

[0099] The grid load regulation coefficient is within ±15%, and the carbon credit deduction amount = the number of credits used × the deduction coefficient;

[0100] The smart contract then verifies the user’s ability to pay as follows:

[0101] If the user chooses to pay with balance, directly check the account balance in the blockchain wallet (unit: yuan) and ensure that the balance ≥ the payable fee;

[0102] If the user chooses credit payment, the blockchain credit points (dynamically calculated based on historical transaction fulfillment rate, charging behavior compliance and other data, ranging from 0 to 1000 points) are retrieved and the overdraft amount is converted according to "credit limit = credit points × 10 yuan" to verify that the credit limit ≥ payable fees;

[0103] Next, the smart contract automatically executes the payment instruction and generates a payment transaction data package, including:

[0104] Transaction type: CHARGE_PAYMENT;

[0105] Payer: user DID;

[0106] Payee: Charging pile operator's account;

[0107] Amount: Fees payable (accurate to 0.01 yuan);

[0108] Timestamp: current UTC time;

[0109] Anti-replay random number (Nonce): generated by SHA-256 (user DID + timestamp + random string) to ensure that each transaction is unique;

[0110] The payment instruction is digitally signed using the SM2 algorithm and broadcast to the blockchain network. The accounting node verifies the validity of the signature and the adequacy of the balance / credit limit. Once the verification is passed, the asset transfer is executed (balance deduction or credit limit freezing) and a transaction hash value is generated (e.g., "TXN-20250530-12345").

[0111] Finally, the smart contract records the payment result to the blockchain and generates a payment record block on the main chain, which includes the transaction hash, fee details, and signatures of participating nodes. The original charging data and fee calculation process are synchronously recorded on the side chain (data stream), and the main chain is linked through Merkle tree proof to ensure traceability. At the same time, a payment success notification is returned to the user terminal, including an electronic invoice (PDF format, stored in IPFS, with hash value on the chain) and charging details (such as charging time, power consumption, and carbon credit usage).

[0112] Step 6: When charging is completed, a settlement block is generated. After verification by the user, operator, and supervisory node, the charging transaction record, device status data, and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure. At the same time, data sharing is open according to node permissions.

[0113] Specifically, first, when the charging end signal is triggered (such as the user actively ends charging or reaches the preset power limit), the charging pile node aggregates all data blocks in the charging process and generates a settlement block. The specific content includes:

[0114] Charging transaction records: including transaction ID, charging start and end time, actual charging amount, fee details (including dynamic price adjustment calculation process), and payment status (such as balance payment / credit payment);

[0115] Device status data: charging pile voltage, current, temperature, cumulative charging time, and device fault code (if any) at the end of charging;

[0116] User authentication information: user DID, biometric authentication result hash value, digital identity access key validity period;

[0117] Block header information: previous block hash value, Merkle root, timestamp (accurate to milliseconds), random number (Nonce);

[0118] Then, the three-party consensus verification process is triggered. The specific process is as follows:

[0119] User node verification: The user terminal verifies whether the settlement amount is consistent with the actual charging amount, and signs a digital signature (SM2 algorithm) after verification;

[0120] Operator node verification: The operation management node verifies the integrity of the device status data (such as whether there is data missing or abnormal fluctuations) and confirms that the income account information is correct;

[0121] Regulatory node verification: The regulatory node verifies whether the transaction complies with regulatory requirements (such as whether the electricity price is within the government's prescribed range and whether user privacy data is desensitized) and automatically compares the terms of the "Electric Vehicle Charging Service Management Measures" through smart contracts;

[0122] Among them, the verification rules follow the weighted Byzantine consensus mechanism, as follows:

[0123] Define user node weight W1, operator node weight W2, and supervisor node weight W3, satisfying W1+W2+W3=1 and any W n ≤40% (e.g., the default weight distribution is W1 = 30%, W2 = 40%, W3 = 30%);

[0124] The settlement block must obtain signature confirmation from nodes with a total weight of ≥ 2 / 3, and must include valid verification from at least two different types of nodes (e.g., user + operator, operator + regulator);

[0125] The verified block header records the weight contribution value of each participating node (e.g. W1=0.3, W2=0.4), forming an unalterable consensus evidence chain;

[0126] Next, the verified settlement blocks are linked to the blockchain main chain in chronological order, and data is stored in layers:

[0127] Main chain evidence storage: stores transaction metadata (such as transaction ID, amount, timestamp, and consensus node signature), uses zero-knowledge proof technology (zk-SNARKs) to compress sensitive information, and the block size is fixed at 2MB;

[0128] Sidechain evidence storage: Through IPFS distributed storage of complete device logs and user authentication raw data, a content-addressable hash value (such as QmHash) is generated and associated with the Merkle root in the main chain block header;

[0129] Chain of custody evidence: The supervisory node maintains an independent audit chain, synchronizes key data from the main chain (such as fee calculation logic and permission change records), and supports real-time compliance tracing;

[0130] Finally, data sharing is open based on node permissions, including:

[0131] User terminal node: can query the anonymized transaction records of the past 180 days (the digits except the two decimal places of the amount are hidden) and the corresponding carbon credit change data, and access through the blockchain browser or APP interface;

[0132] Operation management node: obtains real-time device status data (such as voltage, temperature, and fault warning) of charging piles within its jurisdiction, and supports exporting operation reports in CSV format;

[0133] Supervisory nodes: They have audit authority over all original data and can query the complete on-chain record of any transaction through smart contracts. All data access operations automatically generate time-stamped logs and store them on-chain to ensure that the audit trail cannot be tampered with.

[0134] In one embodiment, specifically, in step 1, the blockchain network is a consortium chain that supports cross-chain interaction protocols, realizes data intercommunication with the energy trading chain and the carbon credit chain through hash time lock contracts, and supports cross-chain clearing and settlement of charging fees;

[0135] Specifically, the blockchain network adopts a consortium chain architecture, which is jointly built and managed by multiple parties such as charging pile operators, energy suppliers, and regulatory agencies. Nodes must pass a two-way digital certificate authentication (such as an X.509 certificate) from the consortium chain CA center to ensure the trustworthiness of the participants and traceability of their permissions. The consortium chain supports cross-chain interaction protocols and realizes data interoperability and cross-chain asset transfer with external chains (such as energy trading chains and carbon credit chains) through hash time lock contracts (HTLCs). The specific mechanism is as follows:

[0136] When users use carbon credits to offset charging fees, the system establishes an atomic transaction link between the current chain and the carbon credit chain through HTLC:

[0137] The user terminal initiates a deduction request, and the smart contract generates an HTLC contract with a time lock (e.g., 1 hour) on the local chain, locks the corresponding amount of charging fees, and sends a cross-chain request to the carbon credit chain;

[0138] After the carbon credits chain verifies the user's credits balance, it locks the corresponding credits through HTLC and returns the transaction hash to the chain;

[0139] After receiving the proof of successful cross-chain verification, this chain will automatically execute fee deductions and release the points locked in the carbon credit chain. If the proof is not received within the time limit, the two chains will automatically roll back the transaction to ensure asset security.

[0140] For cross-chain clearing and settlement of charging fees, the consortium chain obtains real-time electricity price data from the energy trading chain through oracles, automatically calculates fees based on the user's charging period (such as peak / valley electricity), and completes electricity fee clearing and settlement with the energy trading chain through HTLC, realizing the full process automation of "charging-pricing-settlement"; this mechanism solidifies cross-chain rules through smart contract code to avoid manual intervention, ensure transparent and reliable transactions, and at the same time utilize the permission control characteristics of the consortium chain to ensure that sensitive data (such as user privacy and electricity price strategies) are only shared between authorized nodes, meeting the regulatory requirements of the energy industry.

[0141] The layered consensus algorithm adopts a layered consensus architecture. The bottom layer elects accounting nodes through the proof-of-stake mechanism, and the upper layer confirms transactions through the practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm. The priority weight of the accounting node is dynamically adjusted by the following formula:

[0142] Node weight = (device safety rating × 0.4 + operation time × 0.3 + user credit points × 0.3) × dynamic adjustment coefficient;

[0143] The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated in real time based on the network load and ranges from 0.8 to 1.2.

[0144] Specifically, the layered consensus algorithm adopts a layered architecture design, aiming to improve the performance of the blockchain network by combining the advantages of different consensus mechanisms;

[0145] The underlying proof-of-stake (PoS) mechanism is used to elect accounting nodes, and a multi-dimensional dynamic weight formula is used to ensure the fairness and reliability of node priority. The formula is:

[0146] Node weight = (device safety rating × 0.4 + operation time × 0.3 + user credit points × 0.3) × dynamic adjustment coefficient;

[0147] Among them, the device security rating (accounting for 40%) quantifies the security status of the charging pile hardware and firmware (such as vulnerability repair rate and failure frequency) and is updated every quarter;

[0148] Operation time (30%) reflects the continuous online stability of the node, accumulated by calendar month;

[0149] User credit points (30%) are generated based on the user's charging performance, indirectly reflecting the node's service quality;

[0150] The dynamic adjustment coefficient (range 0.8-1.2) is adjusted in real time according to the network load (such as transaction throughput and block generation time). When the network is busy, the coefficient is increased to speed up the block generation of high-priority nodes, and when it is idle, the coefficient is reduced to balance resources.

[0151] The upper layer uses the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm for transaction confirmation. After the elected accounting node generates a candidate block, it must be signed and confirmed by at least 2 / 3 of the consensus nodes (including two or more types of nodes) to ensure that the transaction reaches consensus and is uploaded to the chain within 5 seconds. This mechanism can tolerate ≤ 1 / 3 malicious nodes, balancing efficiency and security.

[0152] Through a layered architecture, the underlying PoS reduces energy consumption and dynamically optimizes accounting nodes, while the upper-layer PBFT ensures rapid confirmation of high-frequency transactions, jointly supporting the trusted consensus and real-time settlement requirements in charging pile scenarios.

[0153] In one embodiment, specifically, in step 2, the process of generating the user's digital identity includes biometric multi-factor authentication. The specific steps of biometric multi-factor authentication are:

[0154] Step 201: The user terminal collects fingerprint / face image and generates a feature hash value H1;

[0155] Specifically, users collect fingerprint images or facial images through terminal devices (such as mobile phones or car terminals). The built-in biometric recognition module of the terminal reduces noise and extracts features of the original image (such as the minutiae points of fingerprints and the 128-dimensional feature vector of faces), and then converts the feature data into a fixed-length hash value H1 (such as a 32-byte string) through the SHA-256 hash algorithm. In this process, only the hash value is uploaded to the blockchain network, and the original biometric data is retained locally on the terminal or in a secure sandbox to avoid privacy leaks.

[0156] Step 202: The blockchain node compares H1 with the user's pre-stored biometric template H0 and calculates the Hamming distance D.

[0157] Specifically, the blockchain node (such as an operations management node or a regulatory node) retrieves the pre-stored biometric template hash value H0 (stored in the distributed identity registry) when the user first registers, compares the currently collected H1 with H0 bit by bit, and calculates the Hamming distance D between the two (that is, the number of different binary bits); for example, in fingerprint authentication, if the Hamming distance between H1 and H0 is less than or equal to 70 (a preset threshold, dynamically adjusted according to the biometric type), it is determined to be a successful match.

[0158] Step 203: If D ≤ the preset threshold, generate a composite key K = SHA256(H1||VIN||timestamp) in combination with the vehicle VIN code;

[0159] Specifically, if the Hamming distance D is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the system triggers the key generation logic: H1, the vehicle VIN code (Vehicle Identification Number, a 17-digit code that uniquely identifies the vehicle) and the current timestamp (accurate to the second) are concatenated (in the format of "H1||VIN||timestamp"), and a 32-byte composite key K is generated using the SHA-256 algorithm; the introduction of the timestamp ensures the timeliness of the key, and the K generated for each authentication is different to prevent replay attacks; the VIN code binds the user's identity to the vehicle to prevent cross-vehicle theft.

[0160] Step 204: K is used as the access key of the user's digital identity and stored in the distributed identity registry;

[0161] Specifically, the composite key K serves as the access key for the user's digital identity. It is stored in a distributed identity registry (such as IPFS or a blockchain distributed storage system) through a smart contract and is associated with information such as the user's address and vehicle charging interface parameters (such as voltage range and interface type) to generate a unique user digital identity (DID). This identity information is stored on the chain in encrypted form. In subsequent charging transactions, only the validity of K needs to be verified, without the need to repeatedly submit biometrics, thereby improving authentication efficiency.

[0162] In one embodiment, specifically, in step 4, the encryption package adopts the national encryption SM4 algorithm; the specific encryption process is as follows:

[0163] After the charging pile node collects data in real time through the built-in sensor, the edge computing module calls the national secret SM algorithm (block cipher algorithm, key length 128 bits, encryption mode CBC) to encrypt the data;

[0164] An independent session key (SK) is generated every 30 seconds and used to encrypt data blocks within that time period. The key is automatically destroyed after the session ends to ensure dynamic key security.

[0165] The encrypted data block can only be decrypted by nodes that have the corresponding private key (such as operation and management nodes, supervision nodes), which complies with the compliance requirements for cryptographic algorithms in the "Information Security Technology Blockchain Information Service Security Technical Requirements".

[0166] The data block generation frequency is 30 seconds per block. Each data block includes a timestamp, a device operation status code, and a charging parameter fluctuation threshold check value.

[0167] The timestamp indicates the UTC time when the data was generated, accurate to the second, and is used for time series tracing and cross-chain reconciliation.

[0168] The device operation status code indicates the charging pile status using an enumeration value, such as "RUN-001" for normal operation and "ALM-002" for voltage abnormality, which is used for rapid warning and consensus verification;

[0169] The charging parameter fluctuation threshold check value indicates that the CRC32 algorithm is used to calculate the checksum of the charging voltage, current, and SOC data to detect data integrity and implement pre-anomaly detection.

[0170] Charging data includes charging voltage, charging current and SOC data;

[0171] Charging voltage refers to the voltage output from the charging station to the vehicle, which is used to reflect the power supply stability. For example, when the rated voltage is 220V, the actual voltage fluctuation can be monitored through this data.

[0172] Charging current refers to the current intensity in the charging circuit, which directly affects the charging power (power = voltage × current) and is a key parameter for calculating charging time and cost;

[0173] SOC data refers to the percentage of remaining power in the battery of a new energy vehicle, which is used to determine the charging progress (such as the time required to charge from 30% to 80%) and trigger the end of charging conditions (such as automatic power off when the preset SOC upper limit is reached).

[0174] In one embodiment, specifically, in step five, the pre-designed fee rules include a dynamic price adjustment mechanism, which automatically calculates fees based on real-time grid load, time period electricity price, and carbon credit deduction coefficient;

[0175] Specifically, the pre-design fee rules realize the automation and market-based calculation of fees through a dynamic price adjustment mechanism. The specific logic is:

[0176] The smart contract automatically calculates the fee based on the real-time grid load (such as obtaining the current grid load percentage through the oracle, and triggering the high price range when the load is ≥80%), period electricity price (such as 1.2 yuan / kWh during peak hours and 0.5 yuan / kWh during valley hours) and carbon credit deduction coefficient (1 carbon credit = 0.1 yuan), according to the formula "charging fee = actual charging amount × period electricity price × (1±grid load adjustment coefficient) - carbon credit deduction amount". The grid load adjustment coefficient range is ±15%, realizing dynamic adjustment of "the higher the load, the higher the electricity price, the more points, and the more deductions".

[0177] The payment instruction includes a one-time random number to prevent replay attacks;

[0178] Specifically, payment instructions are protected against replay attacks through a one-time random number (Nonce). This random number is generated by the SHA-256 algorithm combined with the user's DID, timestamp, and random string. Each transaction is unique and cannot be reused. SM2 digital signatures ensure that instructions cannot be denied.

[0179] Credit limit is calculated based on blockchain credit points;

[0180] The credit limit is based on the user's blockchain credit points (calculated on the chain based on historical charging punctuality rate, payment fulfillment rate and other data, ranging from 0-1000 points). The overdraft amount is converted according to "credit limit = credit points × 10 yuan". The smart contract automatically executes the payment after verifying that the limit is sufficient, realizing the "charge first, pay later" credit payment model, improving the user experience while ensuring the credibility of credit data through the tamper-proof nature of the blockchain.

[0181] In one embodiment, specifically, in step three, the charging transaction initialization information includes the geographical coordinates of the charging pile, the device model, and the user-preset charging parameters;

[0182] The geographic coordinates of the charging piles are acquired in real time through the Beidou positioning module built into the charging piles, with an accuracy of ≤5 meters. These coordinates are used to record the specific location where charging occurs (such as the longitude / latitude of the parking lot). These coordinates are associated with the geographic location smart contract in the blockchain network, enabling differentiated billing of regional electricity prices (e.g., higher electricity prices in the city center than in the suburbs). This also provides regulatory nodes with an audit basis for the distribution and usage frequency of charging facilities.

[0183] Device models use a standardized naming convention (e.g., "TZC-2025-AC01"), where "TZC" is the manufacturer's code, "2025" is the year of production, "AC" indicates the AC charging type, and "01" is the product serial number. This model number identifies the key attributes of the charging pile (e.g., maximum supported power, charging interface standard GB / T20234), and is used by user terminal nodes to verify vehicle compatibility (e.g., a DC charging pile cannot serve a vehicle that only supports AC charging) to avoid the risk of equipment damage.

[0184] User preset charging parameters are set by the user through the terminal APP, including:

[0185] The smart contract dynamically calculates whether the charging time (e.g., 30 minutes) or the power limit (e.g., 50kWh) has reached the preset value based on the real-time charging data (e.g., the current / voltage in step 4), triggering the charging end logic.

[0186] Off-peak electricity priority mode: If the user selects this mode, the smart contract automatically delays the start time of charging to the off-peak period (e.g., 23:00-7:00 the next day), combining it with the dynamic price adjustment mechanism in step 5 to reduce charging costs;

[0187] Automatic power-off threshold (such as SOC = 95%) prevents overcharging from damaging the battery. This parameter is linked to the vehicle battery management system (BMS) data and enforced through blockchain smart contracts.

[0188] In one embodiment, specifically, in step 6, the tripartite consensus verification adopts a weighted Byzantine consensus mechanism, and the specific verification rules are:

[0189] Define the user node weight as W1, the operator node weight as W2, and the supervisory node weight as W3. When W1+W2+W3=1 and the single node type weight is W n ≤40%;

[0190] The settlement block must obtain signature confirmation from nodes with a total weight of ≥ 2 / 3, and must include valid verification from at least two different types of nodes;

[0191] The verified settlement blocks are linked to the main chain in chronological order, and the weight contribution value of each participating node is recorded in the block header to form an unalterable consensus evidence chain;

[0192] Specifically, taking the weight distribution of user node weight W1 = 30%, operator node weight W2 = 40%, and supervisory node weight W3 = 30% as an example, the specific verification process is as follows:

[0193] Total weight W1+W2+W3=100%,single node weight≤40%(according to “W n ≤40%” rule);

[0194] The settlement block must obtain signatures from nodes with a total weight ≥ 66.67% (2 / 3) and contain valid verification from at least two different types of nodes;

[0195] The verification package includes:

[0196] Combination 1: User node + operator node;

[0197] Total weight: 30% + 40% = 70% ≥ 66.67%, meeting the total weight requirement;

[0198] Node type: User + operator (two types), in line with the "at least two types" rule;

[0199] Verification passed: The user terminal signs after confirming that the settlement amount is correct (W1=30%), and the operation management node signs after verifying that the equipment status is normal (W2=40%), and the total weight of 70% meets the standard;

[0200] Combination 2: operator node + supervisory node;

[0201] Total weight: 40% + 30% = 70% ≥ 66.67%;

[0202] Node type: operator + regulator (two types);

[0203] Verification passed: The operator confirms that the revenue account is correct (W2 = 40%), and the supervisory node verifies the compliance of the electricity price and signs it (W3 = 30%), meeting both conditions;

[0204] Invalid combination: user node + supervisory node;

[0205] Total weight: 30% + 30% = 60% < 66.67%, which does not meet the total weight requirement and cannot pass verification even if it includes two types;

[0206] When the verification combination meets the rules (such as user + operator), the smart contract automatically collects the digital signatures of the two nodes (SM2 algorithm), calculates the total weight to be 70%, and triggers the "verification passed" result;

[0207] The settlement block is linked to the main chain in chronological order. The block header records the weight contribution value of each participating node (such as "W1 = 30%, W2 = 40%"), forming a chain structure containing weight evidence to ensure that the consensus process is traceable and cannot be tampered with.

[0208] If the operator's node fails to sign due to a fault, only the user node (30%) and the supervisory node (30%) participate, and the total weight is less than 60%, the settlement block will enter the retry queue and wait for re-verification after the operator's node recovers;

[0209] If the regulatory node finds that the electricity price exceeds the government-specified range (such as peak electricity price > 1.5 yuan / kWh), it will refuse to sign and trigger an abnormal flag. The block needs to be corrected and re-verified.

[0210] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data notarization method, which builds a consortium chain network including charging piles, user terminals, operation management and supervision nodes, combines a layered consensus algorithm with biometric multi-factor authentication to ensure node credibility and identity security, collects data in real time during the charging process and encrypts it on the chain through a national secret algorithm, uses smart contracts to achieve dynamic price adjustment and automatic payment, and finally completes transaction notarization and data sharing through a three-party consensus mechanism, solving the data security and settlement efficiency problems of traditional centralized systems, and realizing decentralization, transparency and automation of the entire charging process.

[0211] Figure 3 This is a functional module diagram of a charging pile payment settlement and data storage system based on blockchain in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, a charging pile payment settlement and data storage system based on blockchain, the system includes: blockchain network construction module, digital identity management module, charging transaction initialization module, data collection and encryption module, smart contract settlement module and multi-party consensus storage module;

[0212] A blockchain network construction module is configured to build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation and management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign a unique digital certificate and public and private key pairs to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm;

[0213] The digital identity management module is configured so that users submit their identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node. After verification by the node consensus, the user's digital identity is generated and stored on the chain, and the parameters of the new energy vehicle charging interface are bound;

[0214] The charging transaction initialization module is configured so that the user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning a code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, it unlocks the charging pile and generates charging transaction initialization information.

[0215] A data collection and encryption module is configured to collect charging data in real time during the charging process, encrypt and package it at preset time intervals, generate a data block including the hash value of the previous block, and broadcast it to the blockchain network;

[0216] The smart contract settlement module is configured as a smart contract that calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data collection. It automatically executes the payment instruction based on the user's account balance or credit limit verification result and records the transaction to the blockchain;

[0217] The multi-party consensus evidence storage module is configured to generate a settlement block when charging is completed. After verification by the three parties of user, operator and supervision node, the charging transaction records, device status data and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure, and data sharing is opened according to node permissions.

[0218] In one embodiment, specifically, the data acquisition and encryption module includes a multimodal data fusion acquisition unit, an abnormal behavior detection unit, and an edge computing encryption node;

[0219] A multimodal data fusion acquisition unit is configured to simultaneously collect charging voltage, current, temperature, SOC data, and device vibration frequency, and generate a multidimensional feature vector through Kalman filter fusion processing;

[0220] The abnormal behavior detection unit is configured to build a device anomaly detection model based on the long short-term memory network. The device anomaly detection model is trained with historical fault data on the blockchain. If it detects that the charging parameters deviate from the normal fluctuation threshold, it will automatically trigger a three-level warning mechanism;

[0221] The edge computing encryption node is configured to deploy a lightweight encryption node locally at the charging pile, process the original data using the national encryption SM4 algorithm, generate an encrypted data packet, and then upload it to the blockchain network.

[0222] In one embodiment, specifically, the multi-party consensus evidence storage module opens data sharing based on node permissions, where user terminal nodes can query charging transaction records and corresponding carbon credit data for the past 180 days; operation management nodes can access the operating status data of charging piles under their jurisdiction in real time; supervision nodes can obtain audit permissions for the full amount of original data, and all data access operations generate timestamped logs for on-chain evidence.

[0223] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a charging pile payment settlement and data notarization system based on blockchain, which builds a trusted node network through the blockchain network construction module, realizes the secure binding of user and vehicle parameters through the digital identity management module, ensures the real-time and integrity of charging data through the data collection and encryption module, and automatically executes dynamic billing and payment through the smart contract settlement module. The multi-party consensus notarization module ensures that the transaction records cannot be tampered with and are shared in a hierarchical manner. The modules work together to build an efficient and secure system integrating identity authentication, transaction processing, and data notarization, providing a reliable blockchain technology solution for the new energy charging field.

[0224] For other details about the technical solutions for implementing each module in the blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data notarization system in the above embodiment, please refer to the description of the blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data notarization method in the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0225] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similarities between the various embodiments can be referred to in conjunction with each other. For system-related embodiments, since they are generally similar to method-related embodiments, their description is relatively simple. For relevant details, refer to the description of the method-related embodiments.

[0226] The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, strengths, and effects mentioned in this disclosure are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and should not be construed as necessarily possessed by each embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are provided for illustrative purposes and to facilitate understanding, rather than as limitations. These details do not limit the present disclosure to necessarily being implemented using these specific details.

[0227] In the present disclosure, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The block diagrams of the devices, devices, equipment, and systems involved in the present disclosure are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, these devices, devices, equipment, and systems can be connected, arranged, or configured in any manner. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words, meaning "including but not limited to," and can be used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "and" used herein refer to the words "and / or" and can be used interchangeably therewith, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The word "such as" used herein refers to the phrase "such as but not limited to," and can be used interchangeably therewith.

[0228] Additionally, as used herein, "or" used in a list of items beginning with "at least one" indicates a separate list, so that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, the word "exemplary" does not mean that the example described is preferred or better than other examples.

[0229] It should also be noted that in the system and method of the present disclosure, each component or each step can be decomposed and / or recombined. Such decomposition and / or recombination should be regarded as equivalent solutions of the present disclosure.

[0230] Various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made to the technology described herein without departing from the teachings of the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the claims of this disclosure is not limited to the specific aspects of the processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of things, means, methods, and actions described above. Currently existing or later developed processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of things, means, methods, or actions that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same results as the corresponding aspects described herein may be utilized. Accordingly, the appended claims include within their scope such processes, machines, manufactures, compositions of things, means, methods, or actions.

[0231] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0232] The above description has been provided for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure to the forms disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A charging pile payment settlement and data storage method based on blockchain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign unique digital certificates and public-private key pairs to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm; The user submits their identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node. After verification by the node consensus, the user's digital identity is generated and stored on the chain, and the charging interface parameters of the new energy vehicle are bound. The user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning a code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, the charging pile is unlocked and charging transaction initialization information is generated. During the charging process, charging data is collected in real time, encrypted and packaged at preset time intervals, and a data block including the hash value of the previous block is generated and broadcast to the blockchain network; The smart contract calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data collection. It verifies the result based on the user's account balance or credit limit, automatically executes the payment instruction and records the transaction to the blockchain. When charging is completed, a settlement block is generated. After verification by consensus among the user, operator, and regulatory node, the charging transaction records, device status data, and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure, and data sharing is opened according to node permissions.

2. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blockchain network is a consortium chain that supports cross-chain interaction protocols, realizes data interoperability with the energy trading chain and carbon credit chain through hash time lock contracts, and supports cross-chain clearing and settlement of charging fees; The layered consensus algorithm adopts a layered consensus architecture. The bottom layer elects accounting nodes through the proof-of-stake mechanism, and the upper layer confirms transactions through the practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm. The priority weight of the accounting node is dynamically adjusted by the following formula: Node weight = (device safety rating × 0.4 + operation time × 0.3 + user credit points × 0.3) × dynamic adjustment coefficient; The dynamic adjustment coefficient is calculated in real time based on the network load and ranges from 0.8 to 1.

2.

3. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of generating a user digital identity includes biometric multi-factor authentication, and the specific steps of the biometric multi-factor authentication are: Step 201: The user terminal collects fingerprint / face image and generates a feature hash value H1; Step 202: The blockchain node compares H1 with the user's pre-stored biometric template H0 and calculates the Hamming distance D. Step 203: If D ≤ the preset threshold, generate a composite key K = SHA256(H1||VIN||timestamp) in combination with the vehicle VIN code; Step 204: Use K as the access key of the user's digital identity and store it in the distributed identity registry.

4. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The encryption packaging adopts the national secret SM4 algorithm; the data block generation frequency is 30 seconds / block, and each data block includes a timestamp, a device operation status code, and a charging parameter fluctuation threshold check value; the charging data includes charging voltage, charging current, and SOC data.

5. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-designed fee rules include a dynamic price adjustment mechanism, which automatically calculates fees based on real-time grid load, time-period electricity prices, and carbon credit deduction coefficients; the payment instructions include a one-time random number to prevent replay attacks; and the credit limit is calculated based on blockchain credit points.

6. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging transaction initialization information includes the geographical coordinates of the charging pile, the device model and the user-preset charging parameters.

7. The method for charging pile payment settlement and data storage based on blockchain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tripartite consensus verification adopts the weighted Byzantine consensus mechanism, and the specific verification rules are as follows: Define the user node weight as W1, the operator node weight as W2, and the supervisory node weight as W3. When W1+W2+W3=1 and the single node type weight is W n ≤40%; The settlement block must obtain signature confirmation from nodes with a total weight of ≥ 2 / 3, and must include valid verification from at least two different types of nodes; The verified settlement blocks are linked to the main chain in chronological order, and the weight contribution value of each participating node is recorded in the block header to form an unalterable consensus evidence chain.

8. A charging pile payment settlement and data storage system based on blockchain, applied to a charging pile payment settlement and data storage method based on blockchain according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system includes: a blockchain network construction module, a digital identity management module, a charging transaction initialization module, a data collection and encryption module, a smart contract settlement module, and a multi-party consensus evidence storage module; The blockchain network construction module is configured to build a blockchain network including charging pile nodes, user terminal nodes, operation and management nodes, and supervision nodes, assign a unique digital certificate and public and private key pairs to each node, and establish a node communication mechanism based on a hierarchical consensus algorithm; The digital identity management module is configured so that the user submits identity and vehicle information through the user terminal node, generates the user's digital identity after node consensus verification, stores it on the chain, and binds the new energy vehicle charging interface parameters; The charging transaction initialization module is configured so that the user terminal initiates an authentication request to the charging pile node by scanning a code or using near-field communication. After the blockchain network verifies the user's digital identity, it unlocks the charging pile and generates charging transaction initialization information. The data collection and encryption module is configured to collect charging data in real time during charging, encrypt and package it at preset time intervals, generate a data block including the hash value of the previous block, and broadcast it to the blockchain network; The smart contract settlement module is configured as a smart contract that calculates the fee according to the pre-designed fee rules based on the charging transaction initialization information and real-time charging data collection, automatically executes the payment instruction based on the user account balance or credit limit verification result, and records the transaction to the blockchain; The multi-party consensus evidence storage module is configured to generate a settlement block when charging is completed. After verification by the consensus of the user, operator, and regulatory node, the charging transaction records, device status data, and user authentication information are stored in a chain structure, and data sharing is opened according to node permissions.

9. The blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data acquisition and encryption module includes a multimodal data fusion acquisition unit, an abnormal behavior detection unit and an edge computing encryption node; The multimodal data fusion acquisition unit is configured to synchronously collect charging voltage, current, temperature, SOC data and device vibration frequency, and generate a multidimensional feature vector through Kalman filter fusion processing; The abnormal behavior detection unit is configured to build a device anomaly detection model based on a long short-term memory network. The device anomaly detection model is trained with historical fault data on the blockchain. If it detects that the charging parameters deviate from the normal fluctuation threshold, it automatically triggers a three-level warning mechanism; The edge computing encryption node is configured to deploy a lightweight encryption node locally at the charging pile, process the original data using the national encryption SM4 algorithm, generate an encrypted data packet, and then upload it to the blockchain network.

10. The blockchain-based charging pile payment settlement and data storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multi-party consensus evidence storage module opens data sharing based on node permissions. Among them, user terminal nodes can query charging transaction records and corresponding carbon credit data for the past 180 days; operation and management nodes can access the operating status data of charging piles under their jurisdiction in real time; supervision nodes can obtain audit permissions for the full amount of original data, and all data access operations generate timestamped logs for chain evidence.

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