Saline-alkali soil improvement method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improvement method which comprises the specific steps of deep ploughing and crushing, drainage system building and pesticide spreading, high-molecular polymer application and microbial agent inoculation. Good soil conditions are created through a physical improvement method, the soil salinity and alkalinity are rapidly reduced through a chemical improvement method, the salt-tolerant microbial agent can decompose organic matter, improve soil micro-ecology, reduce salinity toxicity and promote plant growth, and the saline-alkali soil improvement efficiency and effect are remarkably improved through mutual cooperation of the three methods; the method reduces the excessive use of chemical substances in a single chemical improvement method, realizes the ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil through a physical method, a chemical method and a microbiological method, reduces the negative influence on the environment, improves the sustainability of improvement, effectively improves the soil structure and the ecological environment, provides good conditions for plant growth, and realizes the efficient utilization of the saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil improvement, and in particular to a saline-alkali land improvement method. Background Art

[0002] The high salt and alkalinity in saline-alkali land severely restricts plant growth, resulting in low land productivity. Currently, common land improvement methods include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical improvement methods mainly reduce salt content or improve soil ventilation and water permeability by changing the physical structure of the soil, such as irrigation to wash away salt, deep plowing, etc., but irrigation to wash away salt consumes a lot of water resources, which may cause the groundwater level to rise. If drainage is not smooth, it is easy to cause secondary salinization; deep plowing requires multiple operations, which is inefficient, costly and destroys the soil structure; chemical improvement methods use chemical substances to react chemically with salts or colloids in the soil to reduce soil alkalinity or exchange adsorbed salt ions. Gypsum, humic acid, acidic fertilizers, etc. are generally used to neutralize soil alkalinity, but mineral improvers such as gypsum are used in large quantities and are expensive, and long-term use may cause soil compaction, and acidic fertilizers can easily cause an imbalance in the soil microbial community; biological improvement methods use salt- and alkali-tolerant plants (such as Suaeda salsa and Tamarix chinensis) or microbial agents (such as salt- and alkali-tolerant Bacillus) to improve the soil, but salt- and alkali-tolerant plants have a long growth cycle and the short-term improvement effect is not significant.

[0003] In view of the fact that the single improvement methods in the above-mentioned prior arts have their own drawbacks and are not efficient enough, the applicant has developed a saline-alkali land improvement scheme that combines the advantages of multiple improvement methods and is both efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving saline-alkali land. By organically combining physical improvement methods, chemical improvement methods and biological improvement methods, the shortcomings of a single improvement method can be overcome, the salinity and alkalinity of the soil can be effectively reduced, the soil structure and ecological environment can be improved, and the productivity and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land can be increased. At the same time, through special equipment, the implementation efficiency of soil improvement can be greatly improved.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for improving saline-alkali land, comprising:

[0007] S1, deep tillage and crushing: Use deep tillage machinery to carry out deep tillage operations on saline-alkali land, and control the deep tillage depth to 25-50 cm. After deep tillage, use crushing equipment to break up the soil into particles less than 5 cm in size;

[0008] S2, Drainage system construction and pesticide spreading: Use a concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading machine to lay a concealed pipe drainage system in the deep plowed and broken land. At the same time, mix the neutralizing drug with the soil and evenly spread it on the land. When laying the concealed pipe, use PVC perforated pipes with a diameter of 10-20 cm, with a pipe spacing of 5-10 meters and a laying depth of 70-90 cm.

[0009] S3, polymer application: evenly spread the polymer on the soil surface after application at a rate of 0.2-0.4 kg per mu, and then lightly harrow the soil to evenly mix the polymer with the top 0-10 cm of soil;

[0010] S4, inoculation of microbial agent: fully mix the salt-tolerant microbial agent and the composite carrier powder in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5 and dry them by spray drying or vacuum freeze drying to prepare a powdered microbial agent product. Evenly spread the microbial agent product on the soil surface at a dosage of 5-10 kg per mu, and then perform shallow plowing with a depth of 5-10 cm to ensure full contact between the microbial agent product and the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, in S2, the neutralizing drug is a mixture of gypsum and humic acid in equal proportions. The neutralizing drug is placed in a drug warehouse at a dosage of 0.8-1.5 tons per mu. When the concealed pipe is buried, the neutralizing drug is fully mixed with the soil. The calcium ions in the gypsum are exchanged with the sodium ions adsorbed by the soil colloid, and the humic acid reduces the soil pH through acid-base neutralization reaction, thereby effectively improving the saline-alkali properties of the soil.

[0012] Furthermore, in S3, the high molecular polymer is a polyacrylamide (PAM) high molecular polymer, which can improve the soil aggregate structure, enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, and further inhibit the increase of salinity.

[0013] Furthermore, in S4, the salt-tolerant microbial agent is a mixture of one or more of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the number of viable bacteria in the salt-tolerant microbial agent reaches 10 8 -10 10 CFU / g.

[0014] Furthermore, in S4, the preparation method of the composite carrier powder is: modifying diatomaceous earth and biochar in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1, and then adding 5%-10% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 10%-20% of humic acid accounting for the total mass, stirring thoroughly and drying at 80°C-100°C, crushing and sieving to obtain a composite carrier powder with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in S2, the concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading integrated machine includes: a vehicle body, a pesticide mixing and covering mechanism, and a trenching and pipe laying mechanism;

[0016] Vehicle body: There is a transfer warehouse at the upper end of the rear side, and a medicine warehouse at the upper end of the vehicle body;

[0017] Medicine mixing and covering mechanism: It includes a crank, a connecting rod, a medicine scraping block, a slider and a medicine mixing assembly. Rotatable cranks are provided on the left and right sides of the upper end of the transfer bin. The connecting rods are rotatably connected to the upper end of the cranks. Slide grooves are provided on the left and right sides of the lower rear end of the medicine bin. The medicine scraping blocks are slidably connected to the inside of the slide grooves. The front ends of the connecting rods are rotatably connected to the rear ends of the vertically adjacent medicine scraping blocks. The sliders are slidably connected to the lower ends of the medicine scraping blocks. The outer edges of the sliders are slidably connected to the inner walls of the vertically adjacent slide grooves, which can quickly and accurately deliver neutralizing drugs.

[0018] Trenching and pipe-laying mechanism: It is respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the vehicle body. Trenching, pipe-laying, drug spreading and soil covering can be carried out simultaneously. Multiple processes can be completed in one operation, which improves the efficiency of laying concealed pipes and reduces the labor burden. At the same time, the drug can be spread accurately and quantitatively by adjusting the slider. Combined with the transfer bin and drug mixing components, the soil and drugs can be fully and evenly mixed, thereby improving the treatment effect of saline-alkali land.

[0019] Furthermore, the medicine mixing and covering mechanism also includes a screw and a knob. The screws are rotatably connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the scraper block, and the outer surfaces of the screws are threadedly connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the vertically adjacent sliders. The knobs are all arranged at the front end of the screw, providing a basis for adjusting the amount of neutralization medicine released.

[0020] Furthermore, the drug mixing component includes a stirring shaft, a stirring blade and a scraper. The stirring shaft is rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the transfer bin respectively. The lower end of the crank is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertically adjacent stirring shaft. The stirring blades are evenly arranged in the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft, and the scraper is evenly arranged at the lower end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The outer edges of the scraper are installed in cooperation with the inner wall of the transfer bin to provide a basis for mixing the soil and the neutralizing drug.

[0021] Furthermore, the medicine mixing component also includes a double-groove synchronous pulley, a synchronous pulley and a motor. The double-groove synchronous pulley is rotatably connected to the middle of the upper rear side of the transfer bin. The synchronous pulleys are all arranged on the upper end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft. The double-groove synchronous pulley and the synchronous pulley are connected through a synchronous belt transmission. The motor is arranged in the middle of the rear side of the transfer bin. The input end of the motor is electrically connected to the output end of the controller. The upper end of the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the double-groove synchronous pulley, providing stable drive for the mixing of soil and neutralizing drugs.

[0022] Furthermore, the medicine mixing component also includes a screw conveyor, which is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the transfer bin. The input end of the screw conveyor is electrically connected to the output end of the controller. A feeding chute is opened in the middle of the bottom wall of the transfer bin. The feed port of the screw conveyor is vertically adjacent to the feeding chute, providing a basis for the covering work.

[0023] Furthermore, the trenching and pipe-laying mechanism includes a deflection frame, a trenching plow and a hydraulic rod. The deflection frame is rotatably connected to the middle part of the front side of the vehicle body, the trenching plow is arranged at the lower end of the deflection frame, the hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to the upper end of the front side of the vehicle body, and the front end of the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to the upper end of the deflection frame. The hydraulic rods are connected to the hydraulic pump station through an oil pipe, providing a basis for trenching work.

[0024] Furthermore, the trenching and pipe-laying mechanism also includes a guide ring 1, a guide ring 2, a mounting frame, a pressure wheel and a hydraulic motor 1. The right side of the trenching plow and the lower end of the deflection frame are both provided with a guide ring 1, the lower end of the vehicle body is provided with a uniformly distributed guide ring 2, the mounting frame is arranged at the lower end of the middle rear side of the vehicle body, the pressure wheel is rotatably connected to the middle of the inner rear side of the mounting frame through the connecting frame, the hydraulic motor 1 is arranged at the right rear end of the mounting frame, the left end of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 1 is fixedly connected to the right end of the connecting frame, the hydraulic motor 1 is connected to the hydraulic pump station through the oil pipe 2, providing a basis for the automatic laying of the concealed pipe.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes a frame, a transmission roller, a guide roller, a hydraulic motor 2 and a shovel head. The frames are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle body, the transmission rollers are respectively rotatably connected to the front and rear sides inside the frame, the guide rollers are rotatably connected to the middle of the inside of the frame, the transmission rollers and guide rollers located inside the same frame are connected through a conveyor belt transmission, the rear end of the frame is installed in cooperation with the interior of the transfer bin, the shovel heads are arranged at the front end of the frame, the shovel heads are installed in cooperation with the furrowing plow, the hydraulic motor 2 is arranged on the side of the rear end of the frame away from the vehicle body, the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 2 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the vertically adjacent transmission roller, and the hydraulic motor 2 is connected to the hydraulic pump station through the oil pipe 3, providing a basis for soil collection.

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes a crawler chassis, which is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body. The crawler chassis is connected to the hydraulic pump station through oil pipe four, and the upper ends of the three guide rings two are fixedly connected to the middle of the lower end of the disc frame of the crawler chassis, providing a basis for the overall movement of the equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes a battery, a hydraulic pump station and a controller. A placement groove is opened on the inner front side of the vehicle body, the battery is arranged on the inner rear side of the placement groove, the hydraulic pump station is arranged on the inner front side of the placement groove, and the controller is arranged in the middle of the inner upper end of the vehicle body. The input end of the controller is electrically connected to the output end of the battery, and the input end of the hydraulic pump station is electrically connected to the output end of the controller.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The drug mixing and soil covering mechanism in the concealed pipe laying and drug spreading machine cooperates with the trenching and pipe laying mechanism, so that trenching, pipe laying, drug spreading and soil covering can be carried out simultaneously. Automatic trenching, pipe laying, drug spreading and soil covering can complete multiple processes in one operation, which improves the efficiency of concealed pipe laying. The drug can be spread accurately and quantitatively by adjusting the slider. Through the cooperation of the crank, connecting rod and scraper block, the stirring shaft can automatically release a certain amount of drugs into the transfer bin when it rotates one circle. Combined with the stirring of the drug mixing component, the soil and drugs can be fully and evenly mixed, thereby improving the treatment effect of saline-alkali land.

[0030] The present invention creates good soil conditions through physical improvement methods, quickly reduces soil salinity and alkalinity through chemical improvement methods, and salt-tolerant microbial agents can decompose organic matter, improve soil microecology, reduce salt toxicity, and promote plant growth. The three are coordinated with each other to significantly improve the efficiency and effect of saline-alkali land improvement, reduce the excessive use of chemical substances in a single chemical improvement method, achieve ecological restoration of saline-alkali land through physical, chemical and microbial methods, reduce negative impacts on the environment, improve the sustainability of improvement, effectively improve soil structure and ecological environment, provide good conditions for plant growth, and achieve efficient utilization of saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the improved method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading integrated machine in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the drug mixing and soil covering mechanism and the trenching and pipe laying mechanism in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the frame in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the medicine mixing component in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the medicine scraping block in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the double-groove synchronous pulley and the synchronous pulley structure in the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1 vehicle body, 2 transfer bin, 3 medicine bin, 4 medicine mixing and covering mechanism, 41 crank, 42 ​​connecting rod, 43 medicine scraping block, 44 slider, 45 lead screw, 46 knob, 47 medicine mixing assembly, 471 stirring shaft, 472 stirring blade, 473 scraper, 474 double-groove synchronous pulley, 475 synchronous pulley, 476 motor, 48 screw conveyor, 5 trenching and pipe laying mechanism, 51 deflection frame, 52 trenching plow, 53 hydraulic rod, 54 guide ring 1, 55 guide ring 2, 56 mounting frame, 57 pressure wheel, 58 hydraulic motor 1, 6 frame, 7 drive roller, 8 guide roller, 9 hydraulic motor 2, 10 shovel head, 11 crawler chassis, 12 battery, 13 hydraulic pump station, 14 controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for improving saline-alkali land comprises:

[0041] S1, deep tillage and crushing: Use deep tillage machinery to carry out deep tillage operations on saline-alkali land, and control the deep tillage depth to 25-50 cm. After deep tillage, use crushing equipment to break up the soil into particles less than 5 cm in size;

[0042] Physical treatment using deep plowing and crushing can break up the soil compaction layer, loosen the soil, promote the redistribution of salt in the soil profile, and provide good soil conditions for subsequent improvement measures;

[0043] S2, Drainage system construction and pesticide spreading: Use a concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading machine to lay a concealed pipe drainage system in the deep plowed and broken land. At the same time, mix the neutralizing drug with the soil and evenly spread it on the land. When laying the concealed pipe, use PVC perforated pipes with a diameter of 10-20 cm, with a pipe spacing of 5-10 meters and a laying depth of 70-90 cm.

[0044] The construction of the drainage system and the spreading of pesticides are carried out simultaneously for physical and chemical treatment. The drainage system can be used to ensure smooth drainage. During irrigation, salt is discharged through concealed pipes, and excess salt in the soil is discharged along with the irrigation water, reducing the salt content of the soil. At the same time, when the concealed pipes are covered with soil during the construction of the drainage system, neutralizing drugs are mixed in and fully mixed with the soil, which can improve the reaction efficiency of the neutralizing drugs and the soil. At the same time, the spreading of drugs can be completed synchronously during the construction of the drainage system, thereby improving the implementation efficiency.

[0045] S3, polymer application: evenly spread the polymer on the soil surface after application at a rate of 0.2-0.4 kg per mu, and then lightly harrow the soil to evenly mix the polymer with the top 0-10 cm of soil;

[0046] S4, inoculation of microbial agent: the salt-tolerant microbial agent and the composite carrier powder are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5 and dried by spray drying or vacuum freeze drying to prepare a powdered microbial agent product. The microbial agent product is evenly spread on the soil surface at a rate of 5-10 kg per mu, and then shallow tillage is performed to a depth of 5-10 cm to ensure full contact between the microbial agent product and the soil.

[0047] Microbial agents can decompose soil organic matter, improve soil microecological environment, and promote plant growth. At the same time, the raw materials of the composite carrier are selected from modified diatomaceous earth, biochar, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and humic acid with high adsorption and water and fertilizer retention capabilities. The modified diatomaceous earth has undergone modification processes such as high-temperature calcination and acid treatment to increase its porosity and surface activity. The biochar is prepared through specific pyrolysis temperature and time and has rich pore structure and functional groups. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose serves as a binder and water-retaining agent, and humic acid provides nutrition and regulates the microenvironment of the microbial agent. By attaching the microbial agent to the composite carrier, it is more conducive to the survival of the microbial agent and improves its ability to improve the soil.

[0048] Specifically, the concealed pipe laying and spraying integrated machine in S2, such as Figure 2-Figure 7 As shown, it includes a vehicle body 1, a drug mixing and soil covering mechanism 4, and a trenching and pipe laying mechanism 5;

[0049] Vehicle body 1: A transfer bin 2 is provided at the upper end of the rear side thereof, and the transfer bin 2 is used for fully mixing the neutralizing drug with the soil. A medicine bin 3 is provided at the upper end of the vehicle body 1, and the bottom wall of the medicine bin 3 is an inclined bottom wall. The inside of the medicine bin 3 can be filled with neutralizing drugs, and the inclined bottom wall facilitates the delivery of neutralizing drugs. The vehicle body 1 also includes a battery 12, a hydraulic pump station 13 and a controller 14. A placement slot is provided at the front side of the interior of the vehicle body 1, and the battery 12 is provided at the rear side of the placement slot. The battery 12 provides power for the equipment, and the hydraulic pump station 13 is provided at the front side of the placement slot. The hydraulic pump station 13 provides power for the hydraulic device inside the equipment. When the hydraulic pump station 13 is working, the hydraulic The motor on the pump station 13 drives the oil pump to rotate. The pump draws oil from the oil tank and pumps oil, converting mechanical energy into the pressure energy of the hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil is regulated in direction, pressure, and flow by the hydraulic valve through the manifold block and then transmitted to the cylinder and motor of the hydraulic machinery through the external pipeline, thereby controlling the direction change, force size, and speed of the hydraulic motor, and driving various hydraulic machines to do work. The controller 14 is arranged in the middle of the upper end of the vehicle body 1. The input end of the controller 14 is electrically connected to the output end of the battery 12, and the input end of the hydraulic pump station 13 is electrically connected to the output end of the controller 14, providing a control effect for the saline-alkali land improvement equipment.

[0050] The medicine mixing and covering mechanism 4 includes a crank 41, a connecting rod 42, a medicine scraping block 43, a slider 44 and a medicine mixing assembly 47. A rotatable crank 41 is provided on both sides of the upper end of the transfer bin 2. The connecting rod 42 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the crank 41. A slide groove is provided on both sides of the lower rear end of the medicine bin 3. The medicine scraping blocks 43 are slidably connected to the inside of the slide groove. The front end of the connecting rod 42 is rotatably connected to the rear end of the vertically adjacent medicine scraping block 43. The slider 44 is slidably connected to the lower end of the interior of the medicine scraping block 43. The outer edge of the slider 44 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the vertically adjacent slide groove. The medicine scraping block 43 is in the shape of a rectangular block as a whole. A notch is provided at the bottom of the medicine scraping block 43. The dosage of medicine can be changed by adjusting the position of the slider 44 at the notch, so that the medicine can be dosed quickly and accurately. The neutralizing medicine is released, and the medicine mixing and covering mechanism 4 also includes a screw rod 45 and a knob 46. The screw rod 45 is rotatably connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the scraper block 43. The outer surface of the screw rod 45 is threadedly connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the vertically adjacent slider 44. A bellows is provided between the inner wall of the recess and the slider 44. The bellows can shrink and expand as the slider 44 moves. The bellows can protect the screw rod 45 from the external environment. The knob 46 is arranged at the front end of the screw rod 45 to provide a basis for adjusting the amount of neutralizing medicine released. The medicine mixing component 47 includes a stirring shaft 471, a stirring blade 472 and a scraper 473. The stirring shaft 471 is rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the interior of the transfer bin 2 respectively. The lower end of the crank 41 is connected to the vertically adjacent stirring shaft 471. The upper end is fixedly connected, and the stirring blades 472 are evenly arranged in the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft 471. The three stirring blades 472 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are a group, and the two groups of stirring blades 472 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are staggered and distributed up and down, which can provide high mixing efficiency of soil and medicine. The scraper 473 is evenly arranged at the lower end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft 471, and the outer edges of the scraper 473 are installed in conjunction with the inner wall of the transfer bin 2. The outer edges of the scraper 473 are in contact with the inner wall of the transfer bin 2, which can prevent soil from accumulating at the bottom of the transfer bin 2, providing a basis for mixing soil and neutralizing medicine. The medicine mixing component 47 also includes a double-groove synchronous pulley 474, a synchronous pulley 475 and a motor 476. The double-groove synchronous pulley 474 is rotatably connected to the middle of the upper rear side of the transfer bin 2, and the double-groove synchronous pulley 475 is in contact with the inner wall of the transfer bin 2. The wheel 474 is composed of two separate synchronous pulleys with the same axis and the same diameter. The synchronous pulleys 475 are both arranged on the upper end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft 471. The double-groove synchronous pulley 474 and the synchronous pulley 475 are connected by a synchronous belt transmission. The middle part of the outer surface of the double-groove synchronous pulley 474 and the synchronous pulley 475 is provided with a tooth groove. The inner wall of the synchronous pulley 475 is provided with teeth, and the teeth are engaged with the corresponding tooth grooves. The motor 476 is arranged in the middle of the rear side of the transfer bin 2. The input end of the motor 476 is electrically connected to the output end of the controller 14. The upper end of the output shaft of the motor 476 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the double-groove synchronous pulley 474, providing stable drive for the mixing of soil and neutralizing drugs. The mixing component 47 also includes a screw conveyor 48.The screw conveyor 48 is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the transfer bin 2. When the screw conveyor 48 is running, the motor on the rear side of the screw conveyor 48 drives the spiral blades to rotate, thereby pushing the material to achieve the purpose of conveying. Its core component is the spiral blades, which are usually cylindrical or conical in shape and fixed on the rotating shaft. When the transmission device is started, the spiral blades begin to rotate, and the soil enters the pipe of the screw conveyor from the feed port. As the blades rotate, the soil is continuously pushed and moves along the direction of the pipe until it is discharged from the discharge port. The input end of the screw conveyor 48 is electrically connected to the output end of the controller 14. A material drop chute is opened in the middle of the bottom wall of the transfer bin 2. The feed port of the screw conveyor 48 is vertically adjacent to the material drop chute, providing a basis for soil covering work;

[0051] The trenching and pipe-laying mechanism 5 is respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the vehicle body 1. The trenching and pipe-laying mechanism 5 includes a deflection frame 51, a trenching plow 52 and a hydraulic rod 53. The deflection frame 51 is rotatably connected to the middle of the front side of the vehicle body 1. The trenching plow 52 is arranged at the lower end of the deflection frame 51. The hydraulic rod 53 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the front side of the vehicle body 1. The front end of the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 53 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the deflection frame 51. The hydraulic rod 53 is connected to the hydraulic pump station 13 through an oil pipe 1, providing a basis for trenching work. The trenching and pipe-laying mechanism 5 also includes a guide ring 1 54, a guide ring 2 55, a mounting frame 56, a pressure wheel 57 and a hydraulic motor 1 58. The right side of the trenching plow 52 and the lower end of the deflection frame 51 are provided with a guide ring 1 54. The lower end of the vehicle body 1 is provided with a uniformly distributed The guide ring 2 55, guide ring 1 54 and guide ring 2 55 provide a guide for the automatic laying of the concealed pipe. The mounting frame 56 is arranged at the lower end of the middle part of the rear side of the vehicle body 1. The pressure wheel 57 is rotatably connected to the middle of the inner rear side of the mounting frame 56 through the connecting frame. A groove is provided at the outer edge of the pressure wheel 57, and the groove is adapted to the surface of the concealed pipe, so that the concealed pipe can be laid more accurately. The hydraulic motor 1 58 is arranged at the right rear end of the mounting frame 56. The left end of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 1 58 is fixedly connected to the right end of the connecting frame. The hydraulic motor 1 58 is connected to the hydraulic pump station 13 through the oil pipe 2, providing a basis for the automatic laying of the concealed pipe. It also includes a frame 6, a transmission roller 7, a guide roller 8, a hydraulic motor 2 9 and a shovel head 10. The frame 6 is respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle body 1. On both sides, the transmission rollers 7 are respectively connected to the front and rear sides of the frame 6, and the guide rollers 8 are connected to the middle of the frame 6. The transmission rollers 7 and the guide rollers 8 located in the same frame 6 are connected by conveyor belt transmission. The rear end of the frame 6 is installed in cooperation with the interior of the transfer bin 2. The frame 6, the transmission rollers 7, the guide rollers 8 and the hydraulic motor 2 9 form a soil conveyor belt. The rear end of the soil conveyor belt is located inside the transfer bin 2. The shovel heads 10 are all arranged at the front end of the frame 6. The shovel heads 10 are installed in cooperation with the furrowing plow 52. The left and right wings of the furrowing plow 52 can push the plowed soil to the left and right sides of the furrow, and then it is shoveled up by the furrowing plow 52. The hydraulic motor 2 9 is arranged on the side of the rear end of the frame 6 away from the vehicle body 1. The output shafts of the hydraulic motor 2 9 are fixedly connected to the outer ends of the vertically adjacent transmission rollers 7. The hydraulic motors 2 9 are connected to the hydraulic pump station 13 through the oil pipe 3. When the hydraulic motor 1 58 and the hydraulic motor 2 9 are working, the hydraulic pump station 13 converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, and then inputs high-pressure oil into the oil inlet of the motor to drive the rotor inside the motor to rotate, thereby converting the hydraulic energy back into mechanical energy to output torque and speed. Its working process depends on the periodic changes of the closed cavity and the pressure difference of the oil. The flow distribution mechanism controls the inlet and outlet direction of the oil to achieve continuous rotational motion, providing a basis for soil collection. It also includes a crawler chassis 10, which is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body 1 and is connected to the hydraulic pump station 13 through the oil pipe 4.The crawler chassis 10 is composed of the drive wheel, surrounding drive wheel, load-bearing wheel, idler wheel, support wheel and driving hydraulic motor of the crawler chassis in the prior art. When the hydraulic pump station 13 is working and the hydraulic motor drives the drive wheel to rotate, the drive wheel engages with the crawler chain through the gear teeth, continuously winding up the crawler track. The ground-contacting crawler track exerts a backward force on the ground, and the ground exerts a forward reaction force on the crawler track, thereby propelling the equipment forward. The upper ends of the three guide rings 55 are all fixedly connected to the middle part of the lower end of the disc frame of the crawler chassis 10. The upper ends of the three guide rings 55 are all fixedly connected to the middle part of the lower end of the disc frame in the middle of the crawler chassis 10, providing a foundation for the movement of the entire equipment. Trenching, pipe laying, drug spreading and soil covering can be carried out simultaneously. Multiple processes can be completed in one operation, which improves the efficiency of laying underground pipes and reduces the labor burden. At the same time, by adjusting the position of the slider 44, the drug can be spread accurately and quantitatively. In conjunction with the transfer bin 2 and the drug mixing component 47, the soil and the drug can be fully and evenly mixed, thereby improving the treatment effect of saline-alkali land.

[0052] The working principle of the above-mentioned concealed pipe laying and medicine spreading machine is as follows: first place the concealed pipe in the trenching area, the operator climbs onto the vehicle body 1, adjusts the dosage according to the soil conditions, opens the medicine bin 3, and turns the knob 46 to drive the screw rod 45 to rotate. When rotating forward, the slider 44 moves backward, the distance between the rear side wall of the scraper block 43 and the rear end of the slider 44 becomes smaller, and the dosage becomes smaller. When reversing, the slider 44 moves forward, the distance between the rear side wall of the scraper block 43 and the rear end of the slider 44 becomes larger, and the dosage becomes larger. At this time, the furrowing plow 52 and the pressure wheel 57 are in the retracted state, the hydraulic pump station 13 is running, the crawler chassis 10 and the hydraulic rod 53 work at the same time, the crawler chassis 10 drives the equipment forward as a whole, and at the same time the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod 53 extends forward, the deflection frame 51 deflects downward, and the furrowing plow 52 also The plough 52 is deflected downward, and contacts and breaks the soil. As the equipment moves, a groove is opened on the soil surface. When the equipment moves to the point where the pressure wheel 57 is above the groove, the equipment stops moving, picks up the rear end of the blind pipe, and passes the blind pipe through the guide ring 1 54 and the guide ring 2 55 from front to back, so that the blind pipe and the pressure wheel 57 are vertically adjacent. The hydraulic motor 1 58 is running, and the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 1 58 drives the connecting frame to deflect downward, and the pressure wheel 57 also deflects downward until the connecting frame and the frame 6 are perpendicular to each other. At this time, the pressure wheel 57 presses the blind pipe, and the upper end of the outer surface of the blind pipe is embedded in the groove of the outer edge of the pressure wheel 57. Then the rear end of the blind pipe is fixed with manual assistance, and the equipment moves again. As the equipment continues to move, the plough 52 opens a groove in the front, and the guide ring 54 in front is pressed against the blind pipe. 4 lifts up the concealed pipe, and guided by the guide ring 1 54 and the guide ring 2 55 at the rear, and then with the pressure of the pressure wheel 57, the concealed pipe does not move, the equipment moves, and the concealed pipe is laid at the bottom of the trench. At the same time, the hydraulic motor 2 9 is running, and the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 2 9 drives the transmission roller 7 to rotate. Because the transmission roller 7 and the guide roller 8 located inside the same frame 6 are connected by a conveyor belt transmission, the frame 6, the transmission roller 7, the guide roller 8 and the hydraulic motor 2 9 form a soil conveyor belt as a whole. As the furrowing plow 52 continues to groove the ground, the left and right wings of the furrowing plow 52 push the plowed soil to the left and right sides of the trench. As the equipment moves, the shovel head 10 shovels up the plowed soil and piles it at the front end of the soil conveyor belt, and then the soil is moved by the operation The conveyor belt is transported to the interior of the transfer bin 2. At this time, the motor 476 is running, and the output shaft of the motor 476 drives the double-groove synchronous pulley 474 to rotate. Through the transmission of the synchronous belt, the two synchronous pulleys 475 also rotate synchronously, driving the corresponding stirring shaft 471 to rotate, and the stirring blade 472 continuously turns over the fallen soil. At the same time, as the stirring shaft 471 rotates, the crank 41 also rotates, driving the connecting rod 42 to move. When the connection between the crank 41 and the connecting rod 42 rotates to the front, the scraper block 43 moves forward and enters the medicine bin 3. The neutralized medicine powder inside the medicine bin 3 will slide toward the scraper block 43 along the inclined bottom wall of the medicine bin 3, and then fill the space between the rear side wall of the scraper block 43 and the rear end of the slider 44. When the connection between the crank 41 and the connecting rod 42 rotates to the rear,The connecting rod 42 drives the scraper block 43 to move backward until the rear end of the scraper block 43 is exposed outside the medicine bin 3. The neutralized medicine powder located between the rear side wall of the scraper block 43 and the rear end of the slider 44 falls into the interior of the transfer bin 2 by its own gravity and is fully mixed with the soil by the stirring blade 472. At the same time, the screw conveyor 48 is working, and the rotating scraper 473 continuously scrapes the soil mixed with the neutralized medicine to the chute, and then falls into the feed port of the screw conveyor 48. The spiral blades inside the screw conveyor 48 rotate, and the shear force and friction formed cause the mixed soil to be discharged from the discharge port of the screw conveyor 48, and then fall into the groove, covering the concealed pipe while forming a backfill effect on the groove, realizing the automatic laying of the concealed pipe and automatic spreading of medicine and covering with soil.

[0053] Example

[0054] A method for improving saline-alkali land, specifically comprising:

[0055] S1, deep tillage and crushing: deep tillage machinery is used to perform deep tillage operations on saline-alkali land to a depth of 30 cm. After deep tillage, crushing equipment is used to crush soil clods to a particle size of less than 5 cm.

[0056] S2, Drainage System Construction and Spreading: A concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading machine is used to lay a concealed pipe drainage system in the deep-plowed and crushed land. At the same time, a mixture of gypsum and humic acid is mixed with the soil at a rate of 1 ton per mu and evenly spread on the land. 15 cm diameter PVC perforated pipes are used for concealed pipe laying, with a pipe spacing of 7 meters and a laying depth of 80 cm.

[0057] S3, polymer application: Polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer is evenly spread on the soil surface after application at a rate of 0.3 kg per mu, and then the soil is lightly harrowed to evenly mix the polymer with the top 5 cm of soil;

[0058] S4, inoculation of microbial agent: Bacillus, actinomycetes and composite carrier powder are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3 and dried by spray drying to prepare a powdered microbial agent product. The microbial agent product is evenly spread on the soil surface at a dosage of 6 kg per mu, and then shallow plowing is carried out with a depth of 5 cm to ensure full contact between the microbial agent product and the soil.

[0059] Experimental example

[0060] An area of ​​soda saline-alkali land in Northeast China was selected, and soil test data before improvement was recorded. The saline-alkali land was improved according to the method of Example 1, and soil test data 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after improvement were recorded.

[0061] Comparative Example

[0062] Two areas of similar size and salinization level were selected adjacent to the experimental plots as comparative examples. Comparative Example 1 received only conventional irrigation, with no other soil improvement treatments. Soil testing data for Comparative Example 1 was recorded 12 months later. Comparative Example 2 employed only chemical soil improvement (applying gypsum and humic acid at a rate of 1 ton per mu) without any other soil improvement treatments. Soil testing data for Comparative Example 2 was recorded 12 months later. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Table 1

[0066] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after 12 months of improvement, the soil salinity was reduced to 1.2%, the pH value was reduced to 8.0, and the organic matter content was increased to 2.1% by the improvement method in Example 1; while the soil salinity in Comparative Example 1 remained at 4.0%, the pH value did not change significantly, and the organic matter content did not increase significantly, indicating that the improvement effect was minimal; the soil salinity in Comparative Example 2 was reduced to 2.2%, the pH value was reduced to 8.3, and the organic matter content was increased to 1.5%. Although the soil data of Comparative Example 2 improved, the effect was significantly inferior to that of the present invention.

[0067] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali land, characterized in that: include: S1, deep tillage and crushing: Use deep tillage machinery to carry out deep tillage operations on saline-alkali land, and control the deep tillage depth to 25-50 cm. After deep tillage, use crushing equipment to break up the soil into particles less than 5 cm in size; S2, Drainage system construction and pesticide spreading: Use a concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading machine to lay a concealed pipe drainage system in the deep plowed and broken land. At the same time, mix the neutralizing drug with the soil and evenly spread it on the land. When laying the concealed pipe, use PVC perforated pipes with a diameter of 10-20 cm, with a pipe spacing of 5-10 meters and a laying depth of 70-90 cm. S3, polymer application: evenly spread the polymer on the soil surface after application at a rate of 0.2-0.4 kg per mu, and then lightly harrow the soil to evenly mix the polymer with the top 0-10 cm of soil; S4, inoculation of microbial agent: fully mix the salt-tolerant microbial agent and the composite carrier powder in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5 and dry them by spray drying or vacuum freeze drying to prepare a powdered microbial agent product. Evenly spread the microbial agent product on the soil surface at a dosage of 5-10 kg per mu, and then perform shallow plowing with a depth of 5-10 cm to ensure full contact between the microbial agent product and the soil.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In S2, the neutralizing drug is a mixture of gypsum and humic acid in equal proportions. The neutralizing drug is placed in a drug bin at a dosage of 0.8-1.5 tons per mu. When the concealed pipe is covered with soil, the neutralizing drug is fully mixed with the soil.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the salt-tolerant microbial agent is a mixture of one or more species selected from the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the number of viable bacteria in the salt-tolerant microbial agent reaches 10 8 -10 10 CFU / g.

4. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In S4, the preparation method of the composite carrier powder is: modifying diatomaceous earth and biochar in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1, then adding 5%-10% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 10%-20% of humic acid accounting for the total mass, stirring thoroughly and drying at 80°C-100°C, crushing and sieving to obtain a composite carrier powder with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In S2, the concealed pipe laying and drug spreading integrated machine includes a vehicle body (1), a drug mixing and soil covering mechanism (4), and a trenching and pipe laying mechanism (5); The vehicle body (1) is provided with a transfer chamber (2) at the upper end of the rear side thereof, and a medicine chamber (3) is provided at the upper end of the vehicle body (1); A medicine mixing and covering mechanism (4): comprising a crank (41), a connecting rod (42), a medicine scraping block (43), a slider (44) and a medicine mixing assembly (47), wherein the left and right sides of the upper end of the transfer bin (2) are provided with a rotatable crank (41), the connecting rod (42) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the crank (41), the left and right sides of the lower end of the rear side of the medicine bin (3) are provided with a chute, the medicine scraping block (43) is slidably connected to the inside of the chute, the front end of the connecting rod (42) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the vertically adjacent medicine scraping block (43), the slider (44) is slidably connected to the lower end of the inner part of the medicine scraping block (43), and the outer edge of the slider (44) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the vertically adjacent chute; Trenching and pipe laying mechanism (5): which is respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the vehicle body (1); The vehicle body (1) further comprises a battery (12), a hydraulic pump station (13) and a controller (14); a placement slot is provided on the inner front side of the vehicle body (1); the battery (12) is arranged on the inner rear side of the placement slot; the hydraulic pump station (13) is arranged on the inner front side of the placement slot; the controller (14) is arranged in the middle of the inner upper end of the vehicle body (1); the input end of the controller (14) is electrically connected to the output end of the battery (12); and the input end of the hydraulic pump station (13) is electrically connected to the output end of the controller (14).

6. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 5, wherein: The medicine mixing and covering mechanism (4) further comprises a screw rod (45) and a knob (46), wherein the screw rod (45) is rotatably connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the medicine scraping block (43), the outer surface of the screw rod (45) is threadedly connected to the middle of the inner upper end of the vertically adjacent slider (44), and the knob (46) is arranged at the front end of the screw rod (45).

7. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 5, wherein: The medicine mixing assembly (47) includes a stirring shaft (471), a stirring blade (472) and a scraper (473), wherein the stirring shaft (471) is rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the interior of the transfer bin (2), the lower end of the crank (41) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertically adjacent stirring shaft (471), the stirring blade (472) is evenly arranged at the middle of the outer surface of the stirring shaft (471), the scraper (473) is evenly arranged at the lower end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft (471), and the outer edge of the scraper (473) is mounted in cooperation with the inner wall of the transfer bin (2); The medicine mixing assembly (47) further includes a double-groove synchronous pulley (474), a synchronous pulley (475) and a motor (476), wherein the double-groove synchronous pulley (474) is rotatably connected to the middle portion of the rear side of the upper end of the transfer bin (2), the synchronous pulleys (475) are all arranged on the upper end of the outer surface of the stirring shaft (471), and the double-groove synchronous pulley (474) and the synchronous pulley (475) are connected via a synchronous belt transmission, the motor (476) is arranged at the middle portion of the rear side of the transfer bin (2), the input end of the motor (476) is electrically connected to the output end of the controller (14), and the upper end of the output shaft of the motor (476) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the double-groove synchronous pulley (474); The medicine mixing component (47) further includes a screw conveyor (48), which is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the transfer bin (2), the input end of the screw conveyor (48) is electrically connected to the output end of the controller (14), and a feeding chute is provided in the middle of the bottom wall of the transfer bin (2), and the feed port of the screw conveyor (48) is vertically adjacent to the feeding chute.

8. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 5, wherein: The trenching and pipe laying mechanism (5) comprises a deflection frame (51), a trenching plow (52) and a hydraulic rod (53), wherein the deflection frame (51) is rotatably connected to the middle portion of the front side of the vehicle body (1), the trenching plow (52) is arranged at the lower end of the deflection frame (51), the hydraulic rod (53) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the front side of the vehicle body (1), the front end of the telescopic end of the hydraulic rod (53) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the deflection frame (51), and the hydraulic rod (53) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (13) through an oil pipe. The trenching and pipe laying mechanism (5) further comprises a guide ring 1 (54), a guide ring 2 (55), a mounting frame (56), a pressure wheel (57) and a hydraulic motor 1 (58). The right side of the trenching plow (52) and the lower end of the deflection frame (51) are both provided with a guide ring 1 (54). The lower end of the vehicle body (1) is provided with evenly distributed guide rings 2 (55). The mounting frame (56) is provided at the lower end of the middle portion of the rear side of the vehicle body (1). The pressure wheel (57) is rotatably connected to the middle portion of the inner rear side of the mounting frame (56) through the connecting frame. The hydraulic motor 1 (58) is provided at the right rear end of the mounting frame (56). The left end of the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 1 (58) is fixedly connected to the right end of the connecting frame. The hydraulic motor 1 (58) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (13) through the oil pipe 2.

9. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 5, wherein: The concealed pipe laying and medicine spreading machine also includes a frame (6), a transmission roller (7), a guide roller (8), a hydraulic motor (9) and a shovel head (10), wherein the frame (6) is respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle body (1), the transmission roller (7) is respectively rotatably connected to the front and rear sides of the interior of the frame (6), the guide roller (8) is rotatably connected to the middle of the interior of the frame (6), the transmission roller (7) and the guide roller (8) located in the same frame (6) are connected by a conveyor belt transmission, the rear end of the frame (6) is matched with the interior of the transfer bin (2), the shovel head (10) is arranged at the front end of the frame (6), the shovel head (10) is matched with the furrowing plow (52), the hydraulic motor (9) is arranged on the side of the rear end of the frame (6) away from the vehicle body (1), the output shaft of the hydraulic motor (9) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the vertically adjacent transmission roller (7), and the hydraulic motor (9) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (13) through the oil pipe (3).

10. The method for improving saline-alkali land according to claim 5, characterized in that: The concealed pipe laying and pesticide spreading machine also includes a crawler chassis (10), which is arranged at the lower end of the vehicle body (1). The crawler chassis (10) is connected to the hydraulic pump station (13) through an oil pipe four, and the upper ends of the three guide rings (55) are fixedly connected to the middle part of the lower end of the disc frame of the crawler chassis (10).

Images