Tea tree planting management method for improving tea quality

Abstract

The invention provides a tea tree planting management method for improving tea quality, and relates to the technical field of tea tree planting management. The tea tree planting management method comprises the following steps: performing crown flush pruning on mature tea trees in autumn, and then spraying a protection solution prepared from a black bean fermentation extract, peppermint essential oil, alpha-phellandrene, calcium superphosphate, monopotassium phosphate and the like, subsequently, urea, monopotassium phosphate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, the black bean fermentation extract and compound trace elements are adopted as foliar fertilizers to be sprayed. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the content of effective components in the tea leaves is increased, the hundred-bud weight is increased, high yield is achieved to a certain extent while the quality of the tea leaves is improved, and the economic benefits of tea tree planting are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting and management, and in particular to a tea tree planting and management method for improving tea quality. Background Art

[0002] Based on the differences in appearance and color of tea, it is divided into six major categories: green tea, white tea, black tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, and dark tea; based on the degree of fermentation, tea is divided into non-fermented tea, slightly fermented tea, lightly fermented tea, semi-fermented tea, fully fermented tea, and post-fermented tea; based on the shape of the tea, it is divided into brick tea, bundled tea, secondary tea, loose tea, cake tea, etc. However, no matter how tea is classified, the quality of the leaves produced by the tea tree is directly related to the quality of the final tea.

[0003] The existing quality classification of tea is mostly determined by the flavor evaluation of tea. However, the flavor of tea leaves of different tenderness picked at different times varies greatly, such as single bud, one bud and one leaf, one bud and two leaves, etc., and the evaluation is highly subjective. Therefore, for tea, the detection of physical and chemical properties, such as the content of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, water extracts, etc., can obtain relatively stable evaluation standards. Generally speaking, the higher the content of effective ingredients in tea, the better its quality. Generally speaking, during the tea tree planting process, the same tea trees from different origins and different growth environments will produce different tea qualities. In order to improve the economic benefits of tea planting, optimizing the planting method of tea trees is an important research direction of tea tree planting at this stage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a tea tree planting and management method for improving the quality of tea, increasing the content of effective ingredients in tea, and increasing the weight of 100 buds, thereby achieving a certain degree of high yield while improving the quality of tea, and increasing the economic benefits of tea tree planting.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A tea tree planting and management method for improving tea quality, the tea tree planting and management method comprising the following steps: S1. Protective agent formula: black bean fermentation extract 3-5g / L + peppermint essential oil 2-4mL / L + α-phellandrene 200-300mg / L + superphosphate 15-20g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-12g / L + water; S2. Preparation of foliar fertilizer: urea 20-30g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15g / L + sodium nitrophenolate 2-6g / L + black bean fermentation extract 1-3g / L + complex trace elements 100-200mg / L + clean water; S3. Prune the mature tea trees in autumn to a level surface of 3-5 cm, and leave the pruned tea branches and leaves on the pruned surface for covering; S4. Spray the top of the tea tree with a protective agent 1-2 weeks after pruning, and spray again after 15-30 days; S5. Apply foliar fertilizer once at the end of January of the following year and 10-15 days before tea picking; The black bean fermentation extract is prepared by steaming black beans and then fermenting them with Bacillus Velezii and Bacillus cereus.

[0006] Preferably, the composite trace elements in step S2 are obtained by mixing iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:0.05.

[0007] Preferably, the time for pruning the tea trees in step S3 is mid-to-late November of the current year, and the pruning is carried out in the evening on a cloudy day.

[0008] Preferably, the amount of the protective agent sprayed once in step S4 is 20-40 mL / plant.

[0009] Preferably, the amount of foliar fertilizer sprayed once in step S5 is 30-80 mL / plant, and the foliage is sprayed on both sides.

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the black soybean fermentation extract comprises the following steps: S1-1, cooking black beans with hot steam, adding water and grinding into black bean slurry for later use; S1-2, inoculating the black soybean slurry with 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of black soybeans of Bacillus Velez and Bacillus cereus, and fermenting for 24-30 hours to obtain a fermented material for later use; S1-3. The fermented material is squeezed, filtered, and then dried to obtain a black bean fermentation extract.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1-1, the black beans are cooked with hot steam by steaming the black beans at 102-110° C. for 15-20 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus velez and Bacillus cereus in step S1-2 is 1×10 8 -1×10 10 pcs / g.

[0013] Preferably, the tea trees are fertilized once before pruning and at the end of January of the following year.

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer used for the supplementary fertilizer is a mixture of decomposed sheep manure and urea in a mass ratio of 10-12:1, and the amount of single supplementary fertilizer is 10-15g / plant.

[0015] The present invention provides a tea tree planting and management method for improving tea quality, which has the following advantages over the prior art: The present invention adopts black bean fermentation extract, mint essential oil, α-phellandrene, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other ingredients as protective agents for spraying after pruning tea trees, which can effectively promote the subsequent occurrence of new buds of the tea trees and improve the accumulation of effective ingredients in the new buds. Subsequently, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium nitrophenolate, black bean fermentation extract and complex trace elements are sprayed as foliar fertilizers, which effectively promotes the growth of tea buds and further improves the quality of tea leaves, thereby comprehensively improving the economic benefits of tea planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of flush pruning of tea trees according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the budding status of tea trees in planting area 1 before picking on March 12, 2025 in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of tea soups for sensory evaluation of single buds from various growing areas in the embodiment of the present invention. From the lower left to the upper right in the figure, tea soups soaked with single bud tea leaves from growing areas 1-7 are shown. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of tea soups for sensory evaluation of one bud and one leaf from each planting area in the embodiment of the present invention, with tea soups soaked in one bud and one leaf from planting areas 1-7 from left to right. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of tea soups for sensory evaluation of one bud and two leaves from various planting areas in the embodiment of the present invention, with tea soups of one bud and two leaves from planting areas 1 to 4 being soaked from left to right; Figure 6 From left to right are schematic diagrams of soaking tea leaves with one bud and two leaves, a single bud, and one bud and one leaf in the planting area 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The Bacillus velezensis used in the following examples is deposited under the CGMCC No. 24303, and the viable cell count is 1×10 9 / g; the preservation number of Bacillus cereus is CCTCC NO: M2023699, and the viable cell count is 1×10 9 pcs / g; The composite trace elements are obtained by mixing iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:0.05.

[0019] Example: Tea tree planting and management experiment: 1. Selection of test site: The Yunkang No. 10 tea tree planting area in Menghai County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture was selected as the experimental site. The Yunkang No. 10 tea tree has been planted for 4 years and 7 planting areas were divided in the area.

[0020] 2. Raw material preparation: 2.1. Preparation of extracts: HD-1: Black beans were steamed at 102-110°C for 15 minutes, then 5 times the volume of water was added to grind into a slurry to obtain a black bean slurry. 0.1% of the total weight of the black beans was added to the black bean slurry, and 0.2% of the total weight of the black beans was added to the black bean slurry. The mixture was fermented at 35°C for 28 hours, squeezed and filtered, and the filtrate was dried at 40°C to a constant weight to obtain HD-1. HD-2: Steam black beans at 102-110°C for 15 minutes, then add 5 times the volume of water to grind into a slurry to obtain a black bean slurry. Add 0.1% of the total weight of the black beans to the black bean slurry containing Bacillus velezensis, ferment at 35°C for 28 hours, press and filter, and dry the filtrate at 40°C to a constant weight to obtain HD-2. HD-3: Steam black beans at 102-110°C for 15 minutes, then add 5 times the volume of water to grind into a slurry to obtain a black bean slurry. Add 0.2% of the total weight of the black beans to the black bean slurry with Bacillus cereus. Ferment at 35°C for 28 hours, squeeze and filter, and dry the filtrate at 40°C to a constant weight to obtain HD-3. HD-4: Steam black beans at 102-110°C for 15 minutes, then add 5 times the volume of water to grind into a slurry. Let it stand for 12 hours, then squeeze and filter. Dry at 40°C to constant weight to obtain HD-4. HD-5: Add 5 times the volume of black beans to water and grind into a slurry to obtain black bean slurry. Add 0.1% of the total weight of the black beans to the black bean slurry of Bacillus Velezii and 0.2% of the total weight of the black beans to the black bean slurry. Ferment at 35°C for 28 h, squeeze and filter, and dry the filtrate at 40°C to constant weight to obtain HD-5. 2.2 Preparation of protective agent: Protective agent 1: 3g / L HD-1 + 2mL / L peppermint essential oil + 200mg / L α-phellandrene + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-2: 5g / L HD-1 + 4mL / L peppermint essential oil + 300mg / L α-phellandrene + 20g / L superphosphate + 12g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-3: 3g / L HD-2 + 2mL / L peppermint essential oil + 200mg / L α-phellandrene + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-4: 3g / L HD-3 + 2mL / L peppermint essential oil + 200mg / L α-phellandrene + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-5: 3g / L HD-4 + 2mL / L peppermint essential oil + 200mg / L α-phellandrene + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-6: 3g / L HD-5 + 2mL / L peppermint essential oil + 200mg / L α-phellandrene + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water; Protective agent-7: 3g / L HD-1 + 15g / L superphosphate + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + water.

[0021] 2.3 Preparation of foliar fertilizer Foliar fertilizer-1: 20g / L urea + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 1g / L HD-1 + 100mg / L complex trace elements + clean water; Foliar fertilizer-2: 30g / L urea + 15g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 6g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 3g / L HD-1 + 200mg / L complex trace elements + clean water; Foliar fertilizer-3: 20g / L urea + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 1g / L HD-2 + 100mg / L complex trace elements + clean water; Foliar fertilizer-4: 20g / L urea + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 1g / L HD-3 + 100mg / L complex trace elements + clean water; Foliar fertilizer-5: 20g / L urea + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 1g / L HD-4 + 100mg / L complex trace elements + clean water; Foliar fertilizer-6: 20g / L urea + 10g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 2g / L sodium nitrophenolate + 1g / L HD-5 + 100mg / L complex trace elements + clean water.

[0022] 2.4. Fertilizer: Fertilizer: a mixture of decomposed sheep manure and urea in a mass ratio of 11:1.

[0023] 3. Management experiment: On November 15, 2024, the tea trees in each planting area were fertilized once, with 15g of fertilizer applied to each tree; on the evening of November 20, the tops of the tea trees were pruned flush (cut off 3-5cm), and the pruned branches and leaves were selected to be retained at the crown of the tea tree (such as Figure 1 On November 30, the protective agent was sprayed on the top of the tea trees (40 mL / plant); on December 22, the protective agent was sprayed on the top of the tea trees again (20 mL / plant); On January 22, 2025, tea trees in each planting area were fertilized once, with 10g of fertilizer applied to each tree. Then, on January 25, the tea trees were sprayed with foliar fertilizer, with the sprayer controlled to spray from the upper and lower ends so that both ends of the tea leaves could be exposed to the foliar fertilizer (80mL / plant). On February 25, the tea trees were sprayed with foliar fertilizer again (80mL / plant). During the entire planting experiment, each planting area was not affected by tea tree diseases and pests, and the daily management was the same.

[0024] The selection of protective agents and foliar fertilizers for each planting area is shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0025] 4. Tea picking: The first spring tea picking will be carried out on March 12, 2025, and the picking will be carried out according to single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves.

[0026] Tea leaves of single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves are prepared in each planting area. The specific preparation process is as follows: Fixing: Use continuous drum fixing machine for fixing (drum wall temperature is 250℃, outlet temperature is 80℃, fixing time is 2min); Rolling: Use 6CR-45 rolling machine, follow the principle of "light-heavy-light" when rolling, and roll until the tea juice adheres to the leaf surface and the tea leaves are tightly bound. After rolling, the leaves are dried in a dryer. The hot air temperature of the dryer is 110℃, the thickness of the leaves is 2-3cm, the drying time is 10 minutes, and then they are spread to cool. Shaping: Place the cooled tea leaves in a tea straightening machine at 90°C for 5 minutes. Drying: Place the sorted tea leaves in an aroma machine, control the temperature at 65°C, and process for 70 minutes to obtain green tea.

[0027] 5. Tea testing: 5.1. The 100-bud weight (fresh weight) of single buds, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves picked from each planting area was tested. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0028] It can be seen from Table 2 above that the overall 100-bud weight of single bud, one bud and one leaf, and one bud and two leaves picked from planting areas 1 and 2 is the best, which means that the new tea buds in planting areas 1 and 2 have the best growth.

[0029] 5.2. Physical and chemical properties of green tea prepared from one bud and two leaves picked from each growing area were tested: Determination of water extractables: refer to GB / T 8305-2013 standard; Determination of free amino acids: refer to GB / T 8314-2013 standard; Caffeine determination: refer to GB / T 8312-2013 standard; Determination of tea polyphenols: refer to GB / T 8313-2018 standard; Catechin component determination: High performance liquid chromatography was used in accordance with GB / T 8313-2018 (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant component of catechins and is considered to be the main antioxidant active substance in green tea, so it is calculated based on the EGCG content). Specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0030] As can be seen from Table 3 above, there is little difference in the contents of tea water extract and tea polyphenols in several planting areas. The contents of free amino acids and EGCG in the tea leaves of planting areas 1 and 2 are relatively high. In addition, the caffeine content in planting areas 1 and 2 is relatively low. Caffeine is the main component of purine bases in tea and is also the main flavor substance that makes tea soup bitter. Therefore, the tea leaves of planting areas 1 and 2 have lower bitterness.

[0031] 5.3 Sensory evaluation: Sensory evaluation of green tea harvested and processed in each of the above-mentioned planting areas was conducted (according to GB / T 23776-2018 "Tea Sensory Evaluation Method"). Specific scoring is available in on-site photos. Figure 3-5 The total score is calculated based on the appearance score of 25 points, the soup color score of 10 points, the aroma score of 25 points, the taste score of 30 points, and the leaf bottom score of 10 points. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0032] As can be seen from the above table, the sensory evaluation scores of tea leaves after processing obtained in planting areas 1 and 2 were the highest.

[0033] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tea tree planting and management method for improving tea quality, characterized in that: The tea tree planting management method comprises the following steps: S1. Protective agent formula: black bean fermentation extract 3-5g / L + peppermint essential oil 2-4mL / L + α-phellandrene 200-300mg / L + superphosphate 15-20g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-12g / L + water; S2. Preparation of foliar fertilizer: urea 20-30g / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10-15g / L + sodium nitrophenolate 2-6g / L + black bean fermentation extract 1-3g / L + complex trace elements 100-200mg / L + clean water; S3. Prune the mature tea trees in autumn to a level surface of 3-5 cm, and leave the pruned tea branches and leaves on the pruned surface for covering; S4. Spray the top of the tea tree with a protective agent 1-2 weeks after pruning, and spray again after 15-30 days; S5. Apply foliar fertilizer once at the end of January of the following year and 10-15 days before tea picking; The black bean fermentation extract is prepared by steaming black beans and then fermenting them with Bacillus Velezii and Bacillus cereus.

2. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the composite trace elements are obtained by mixing iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron and molybdenum in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1:0.

05.

3. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: The time for pruning the tea trees in step S3 is mid-to-late November of the same year, and the pruning is carried out in the evening on a cloudy day.

4. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: The amount of the protective agent sprayed once in step S4 is 20-40 mL / plant.

5. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: The amount of foliar fertilizer sprayed once in step S5 is 30-80 mL / plant, and the foliage is sprayed on both sides.

6. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the black soybean fermentation extract comprises the following steps: S1-1, cooking black beans with hot steam, adding water and grinding into black bean slurry for later use; S1-2, inoculating the black soybean slurry with 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of black soybeans of Bacillus Velez and Bacillus cereus, and fermenting for 24-30 hours to obtain a fermented material for later use; S1-3. The fermented material is squeezed, filtered, and then dried to obtain a black bean fermentation extract.

7. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 6, wherein: In step S1-1, the black beans are cooked with hot steam by steaming the black beans at 102-110° C. for 15-20 minutes.

8. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 6, wherein: The number of viable bacteria of Bacillus Velez and Bacillus cereus in step S1-2 is 1×10 8 -1×10 10 pcs / g.

9. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 1, wherein: Fertilize the tea trees before pruning them and at the end of January of the following year.

10. The tea tree planting and management method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fertilizer used for the supplementary fertilizer is obtained by mixing decomposed sheep manure and urea in a mass ratio of 10-12:1, and the amount of single supplementary fertilizer is 10-15g / plant.

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