Experimental device for heterogeneous reservoir sand water production profile test and separated bin filling water control effect evaluation and application of experimental device for heterogeneous reservoir sand water production profile test and separated bin filling water control effect evaluation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development and exploitation engineering, and particularly relates to an experimental device for heterogeneous reservoir sand water production profile testing and separated bin filling water control effect evaluation and application of the experimental device. The experimental device comprises a gas supply system, a constant-flow liquid supply system, a data measurement and acquisition system, a reservoir simulation unit device, a shaft simulation unit device and a shaft sand water production profile quantitative monitoring device. Wherein the shaft simulation unit device is embedded into the reservoir simulation unit device; the shaft sand water production profile quantitative monitoring device is placed in the shaft simulation unit device. The experimental device can visually simulate the flow law of multiphase fluid (oil / gas / water / sand) according to heterogeneous reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and complex deficit forms, performs heterogeneous reservoir sand water production profile testing and separated bin filling effect evaluation experiments, and provides experimental foundation support for efficient development of oil wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development and production engineering, and specifically relates to an experimental device for testing sand and water output profiles in heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating the effect of compartment filling and water control, and its application. Background Art

[0002] Unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs suffer from severe sand production problems. Especially after multiple rounds of sand production and sand control, sand deficits of varying shapes and complexity develop near the wellbore. These deficits severely restrict sand control effectiveness. Furthermore, these reservoirs are highly heterogeneous, facing challenges with water production and high water cuts in oil and gas wells. In actual production, the coordinated production of sand and water presents challenges. Sand production induces structural changes in the near-wellbore reservoir, which in turn affects the distribution of the oil, gas, and water inflows, leading to dynamic evolution of the sand and water production profile.

[0003] Given the increasingly serious problem of water production in oil and gas fields and the urgent need for water stabilization and dewatering, horizontal well water control technology has developed rapidly. Building on traditional technologies such as variable-density completion, central pipe, and ICD, recent years have seen the innovative development of new AICD, graded and segmented sand and water coordinated control, particle packing for supersaturated dewatering in fractured reservoirs, and horizontal well compartment / continuous packer packing for sand and water control. This has gradually evolved into a comprehensive sand and water control technology system based on three principles and categories: horizontal wellbore pressure-energy allocation, graded and segmented sand and water coordinated control in heterogeneous reservoirs, and near-wellbore oil and water flow resistance regulation. The application of existing water control technologies and sand and water coordinated control technologies relies on a precise understanding of the water and sand production profiles.

[0004] The compartmentalized filling sand and water control technology for open hole horizontal wells is based on the existing horizontal open hole gravel filling process. With the help of special tools and equipment such as packers, expandable tubes, multi-stage completion tools, flow control equipment, bypass isolation separators, etc., the open hole section of the horizontal well is divided into multiple independent compartments. Gravels of different particle sizes are filled according to different formation properties, and different sand and water control technologies can be applied to different compartments according to actual needs, thereby achieving more refined sand and water control. When there is no need for compartmentalization in the open hole section, the integrated sand and water control string can be filled as a whole by lowering the sealing cylinder; when there is a need for compartmentalization in the open hole section, the center pipe and packer are used for isolation and sealing, thereby achieving mechanical isolation of small annuli (such as Figure 1 shown).

[0005] Currently, multi-segment compartmentalized filling for sand and water control in openhole horizontal wells is gradually being applied both domestically and internationally. Due to the complex reservoir conditions in unconsolidated sandstone, the compartmentalized filling process for water and sand control struggles to fully account for reservoir heterogeneity and the bypass flow between reservoirs. This makes it difficult to fully understand the sand and water production profile and its dynamic evolution in openhole horizontal wells, reveal the lateral seepage characteristics of near-wellbore reservoirs under varying physical conditions, and develop methods for evaluating and optimizing the effectiveness of horizontal compartmentalization. Furthermore, there is currently no established method for optimizing the number, length, location, and supporting process parameters of compartmentalized filling in openhole horizontal wells. To experimentally simulate oil-water bypass under varying physical conditions in reservoir sections and evaluate the effectiveness of compartmentalization, indoor experimental simulation is essential, an effective, and intuitive approach.

[0006] The main problems currently exist include: (1) For multiphase flow simulation in heterogeneous reservoirs, existing experimental equipment is unable to accurately reproduce the heterogeneous characteristics of fractured carbonate and fractured tight sandstone reservoirs (such as fracture distribution and permeability mutation). As a result, the bypass and crossflow phenomena when simulating the flow of oil / gas / water / sand into the wellbore are significantly different from those in real reservoirs. For example, the migration paths of oil and water, or oil, gas and water, during the compartmentalization process of horizontal wells in heterogeneous reservoirs cannot be dynamically visualized, which restricts the optimization design and practical application of water and sand control technologies (such as compartmentalized filling).

[0007] (2) Regarding the dynamic monitoring of sand and water production profiles, existing experimental systems lack distributed observation and quantitative description of the multiphase sand and water migration process. Traditional methods can only infer reservoir dynamics from the total wellhead flow rate, and cannot accurately obtain key parameters such as the sand and water migration rate from different reservoir sections to the wellbore and the sand particle size distribution. For example, during the implementation of the compartmentalized filling process for openhole horizontal wells, the difference in the contribution of different reservoir locations to sand and water production cannot be quantified, resulting in a lack of experimental support for compartmentalized filling process parameters (such as gravel grading and filling strength).

[0008] (3) For the near-wellbore reservoir-wellbore coupling situation, the existing experimental system is unable to achieve experimental simulation of the synergistic mechanism of multiphase flow and sand and water control. In the gas-water / oil-water / oil-gas-water multiphase flow experiments, the existing equipment is not adaptable enough to the changes in wellbore inclination and diameter, making it difficult to quantify the relationship between sand and water production and fluid viscosity and flow rate. For example, the sand and water production and sand blockage caused by the difference in fluid flow rate in different sections of the horizontal well have not been clarified through experiments, which limits the precise design of differentiated sand control processes (such as screen combination and filling material selection). Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and its application for testing the sand and water production profile of heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling in order to address the above-mentioned defects. The experimental device realizes the full-process experimental simulation of sand and water production - sand and water control - compartment filling - production optimization under different types of reservoirs and different wellbore inclination conditions. It can visually simulate the flow laws of multiphase fluids (oil / gas / water / sand) in heterogeneous reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and complex deficit forms, conduct sand and water production profile testing and compartment filling effect evaluation experiments in heterogeneous reservoirs, and provide experimental basic support for the efficient development of oil wells.

[0010] The present invention is mainly used to simulate the flow and migration process of oil, gas and water in heterogeneous reservoirs such as homogeneous / heterogeneous loose sandstone, uniform / fractured carbonate rock, fractured tight sandstone to wellbores with different inclination angles (vertical well / directional well / horizontal well), the hierarchical and segmented oil and water seepage and bypass process in heterogeneous reservoirs, the production process of fluid and formation sand to the wellbore of different types of reservoirs, the sand and water control process of horizontal wellbores with different inclination angles and diameters, and experimental simulation of reservoir sand and water production and control-related layer sand and water production profiles. It can carry out open hole horizontal well compartment filling and water control effect evaluation experiments, and can realize the visualization and quantitative description of the experimental process and morphology.

[0011] Explanation of terms: 1. Compartmental filling: The open hole section of a horizontal well is divided into several independent sections ("compartments"), and each section is individually gravel-packed or chemically sand-controlled.

[0012] 2. Sand and water production: During the mining process, sand particles (rock fragments) in the formation sand layer are carried into the wellbore along with crude oil, water and other fluids.

[0013] 3. Sand and water production profile: the amount and proportion of sand and liquid produced at different locations near the wellbore reservoir.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention is: An experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling, comprising an air supply system, a constant flow liquid supply system, a data measurement and acquisition system, a reservoir simulation unit (MFS), a wellbore simulation unit (WSU), and a wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device.

[0015] Wherein, the wellbore simulation unit device can be embedded into the reservoir simulation unit device at any different inclination angle; the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device is placed in the wellbore simulation unit device.

[0016] As a core module, the reservoir simulation unit (MFS) is mainly used to implement heterogeneous reservoir simulation.

[0017] Through innovative design, the experimental device allows the wellbore simulation unit to be embedded in the reservoir simulation unit at any angle of inclination. This allows the device to simulate the flow of fluid outside horizontal wellbores in heterogeneous reservoirs with different inclinations, and more realistically simulate the interaction effects between the wellbore and the reservoir, such as sand migration, fluid bypass, and sand layer blockage. It also cooperates with the many sensors in the data measurement and acquisition system to collect data in real time.

[0018] The quantitative monitoring device for sand and water production profiles in wellbores addresses the current difficulty in quantitatively characterizing sand and water production profiles in horizontal wells in heterogeneous reservoirs. This device is designed to monitor flow rate, pressure, and sand content in each wellbore segment, generating a sand and water production profile. It can dynamically monitor and collect sand and water flowing into the wellbore at different reservoir locations, thereby generating a sand and water production profile and achieving a quantitative description of sand and water production.

[0019] The gas supply system includes an air compressor, gas storage tank, gas supply pipeline, and control switch. If oil-gas two-phase or oil-gas-water three-phase experiments are required, the gas supply system must be connected. By connecting a high-pressure gas source, two-phase gas-liquid flow can be simulated (e.g., in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs).

[0020] The constant-flow fluid supply system includes a horizontal flow pump, a liquid collector, a fluid supply pipeline, and a control switch. As an auxiliary module, the constant-flow fluid supply system primarily provides sand-carrying water and circulates it to the main device of the full-process simulation experiment of sand production, backfilling, and production. The liquid collector collects liquid flowing out of the wellbore. The horizontal flow pump is used to circulate sand-carrying water from the reservoir simulation unit to the reservoir simulation unit, forming a closed loop of sand production, backfilling, and production. The horizontal flow pump flow rate is adjusted to match different experimental phases (e.g., backfilling with a low sand ratio and production with a high sand ratio).

[0021] The data measurement and acquisition system includes pressure sensors, flow sensors, and a computer acquisition terminal. It is used to collect and record dynamic data during the experiment. Flow sensors and pressure sensors are primarily located at the reservoir simulation unit's inlet, key locations on its sides, and along the pipelines between the wellbore simulation unit and the reservoir simulation unit's outlet. The computer acquisition terminal then integrates flow and pressure data, setting a sampling frequency (e.g., once per second) to record dynamic changes in real time.

[0022] The main body of the reservoir simulation unit (MFS) is a cubic chamber with visual windows at the front and rear, and is equipped with a sealing cover that can be fixed with bolts. The main body of the reservoir simulation unit is movably connected to a fixed bracket.

[0023] The squeezing and filling process can be observed through the visual window of the cubic chamber, and the reservoir channeling, filling and sand and water production profiles can be observed after the experiment.

[0024] The fixed bracket is made of welded rectangular steel tubes or channel steel, offering excellent rigidity and stability. It provides basic support for the entire reservoir simulation unit, bearing the weight of the main unit above and the motion load. The fixed bracket is used to secure the main unit, which can be flipped on the fixed bracket for easy sand filling, cleaning and drainage, device maintenance and overhaul, and experimental position conversion, improving the operability and maintenance efficiency of the experimental device.

[0025] At least two 5cm thick rectangular bulkheads matching the chamber's internal dimensions are installed within the cubic chamber. These bulkheads can be placed either parallel or perpendicular to the chamber to reduce the lateral filling thickness of the reservoir, depending on the experimental needs. This forces any oil and water migration that may occur in the reservoir simulation unit to the reservoir surface, facilitating observation of experimental phenomena and meeting the experimental requirements of simulated reservoirs of varying thicknesses.

[0026] Fluid displacement ports a are evenly distributed at the top and bottom of the reservoir simulation unit body, and a tee is provided at the fluid displacement port a; fluid displacement ports b are evenly distributed at the left and right ends of the body.

[0027] The top and bottom of the main body can be equipped with five fluid displacement ports a. Each fluid displacement port a is equipped with a tee to meet multiphase flow requirements. The left and right ends of the main body can each be equipped with three fluid displacement ports b.

[0028] The fluid displacement ports a and b are connected to the air supply system and the constant-flow liquid supply system via air and liquid supply lines, respectively. Pressure and flow sensors are installed on these lines to accurately simulate flow at different locations. The entire reservoir simulation unit can withstand a pressure of up to 5 MPa.

[0029] The main body of the wellbore simulation unit (WSU) is a simulated wellbore mold, in which a flexible connecting pipe is built.

[0030] The flexible connecting tube connects the wellbore simulation unit to the reservoir simulation unit and also serves as a fluid outlet. One end of this flexible connecting tube, of a predetermined length, connects to the fluid displacement port b. The other end is internally mounted within the wellbore simulation unit, while the remaining portion is embedded in the formation sand within the cubic chamber of the reservoir simulation unit's main body. This enables simulation of horizontal wellbores with varying inclinations and heterogeneous reservoirs. The dimensions of the simulation wellbore mold match the diameter of the fluid displacement port a. A sealing clip is installed at the port on one end of the simulation wellbore mold.

[0031] The wellbore simulation unit also includes a simulated screen, simulated casing, and simulated tubing. These simulated screens, casing, and tubing can all be built into the simulated wellbore mold, for example, by screwing them into the mold. The simulated screens can be made of stainless steel or alloy, with a pore size of 0.1-2.0 mm and a mesh accuracy of 20-200.

[0032] The Wellbore Simulation Unit (WSU) can be placed in the Reservoir Simulation Unit alone using a simulated wellbore mold to simulate the open hole wellbore wall, or it can be combined with the matching simulated casing and simulated screen to achieve simulation of different completion methods.

[0033] The quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore includes a central support tube, a spacer group, a hose and a data collector; the spacer group is composed of spacers whose sizes match the inner diameter of the simulated wellbore mold, and the outer edge of the spacer is provided with an annular groove, and an expansion rubber ring is embedded in the annular groove.

[0034] The hose can be used to discharge water. The expansion rubber ring allows the spacer to better fit the inner wall of the simulated wellbore mold, ensuring the sealing of the partition.

[0035] Each of the spacers is provided with a perforation at the center thereof that matches the outer diameter of the central support tube; each spacer is also provided with a hole whose size matches the outer diameter of the hose, through which the hose is connected to the spacer; a data collector is provided on the hose.

[0036] Each spacer can be flexibly adjusted along the axial direction of the central support tube through perforations; it can be adjusted and fixed by commonly used detachable fixing methods such as threads or snaps. The spacer group can be flexibly set in high and low permeability sections according to the needs of the experiment. For example, the length of the central support tube is 1m, and the spacing of the spacers built into the simulated wellbore mold can be set to 50cm in the high permeability section and 100cm in the low permeability section. It can support the simulation of 3 to 10 sections in the wellbore. Through the coordination of adjustable spacers and independent flow sensing channels, the distribution of liquid production flow in each permeability section at different times can be obtained, and then the sand and water production profile can be obtained, revealing the influence of reservoir heterogeneity on the fluid migration law, and providing an experimental basis for the control of sand and water in heterogeneous reservoirs.

[0037] The data collector can be a flow sensor for monitoring flow data. Furthermore, the flow sensor can be a high-precision flow meter (error ≤ 1%) to enable real-time monitoring of flow in the wellbore channel. The data collector integrates a data aggregation module at the end of the central support tube to enable real-time data collection and recording.

[0038] In the present invention, in the experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of the heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of the compartment filling, the fluid displacement port a is equipped with a perforated diverter plate A that matches the lateral dimensions of the interior of the cubic tank chamber; the fluid displacement port b is equipped with a perforated diverter plate B that matches the longitudinal dimensions of the interior of the cubic tank chamber (this longitudinal dimension refers to the longitudinal dimension parallel to the left or right end of the cubic tank chamber); diverter holes are evenly arranged on the perforated diverter plate A and the perforated diverter plate B.

[0039] Perforated manifolds are primarily used to disperse incoming fluids, ensuring uniform flow into the simulated reservoir. There are two perforated manifolds A and two perforated manifolds B. Different perforated manifolds are placed at fluid displacement ports a and b, depending on the experimental requirements. For example, if fluid is injected from the top and bottom ends of the reservoir simulation unit according to the experimental plan, perforated manifold A is used. If fluid is injected from the left and right ends of the reservoir simulation unit, perforated manifold B is used.

[0040] In the present invention, in the experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of the heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling, the size of the cubic tank chamber is 150cm×50cm×50cm; the size of the partition plate is 150cm×50cm×5cm.

[0041] The dimensions of the perforated diverter plate A are 150 cm×50 cm×5 cm; the dimensions of the perforated diverter plate B are 50 cm×50 cm×5 cm.

[0042] In the present invention, in the experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of the heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of the compartment filling, the two ends of the main bearing base of the fixed bracket are trapezoidal support frames, which are composed of two legs and upper and lower beams; the upper beam of the trapezoidal support frame at the right end is provided with a rotating support bearing seat, and the right side of the reservoir simulation unit device body is movably connected to the fixed bracket through bolts and the rotating support bearing seat; the upper beam of the trapezoidal support frame on the left side is provided with a rotating support bearing seat and a drive motor, and the left side of the reservoir simulation unit device body is movably connected to the fixed bracket through a corresponding coupling and the rotating support bearing seat to ensure smooth transmission; universal wheels with brakes are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed bracket to facilitate the movement and positioning of the device. The wheel brake design ensures that it can be firmly fixed during operation and prevents equipment displacement.

[0043] In the experimental device for measuring sand and water production profiles in heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating the effectiveness of compartment filling and water control, the central support tube is a hollow, threaded connecting rod made of stainless steel or carbon fiber composite material with a pressure resistance of ≥5 MPa. The central support tube supports the entire wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device and serves as the axial support framework for the spacer assembly. The hollow interior of the central support tube can be equipped with built-in wire guides and air pressure channels as needed.

[0044] The thickness of the spacer is 5-15 mm; the spacer is made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic.

[0045] The expansion ring has a double-layer structure: an inner layer of highly elastic silicone and an outer layer of corrosion-resistant nitrile rubber. The ring's expansion diameter change rate is ≥30%, and its sealing pressure is 0.5-3 MPa.

[0046] The experimental device for testing the sand-water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling described in the present invention can achieve bottom water / edge water simulation by regulating the inlet.

[0047] By pre-embedding the fishing line and then pulling it out, cracks can be simulated.

[0048] The rectangular isolation plate of the reservoir simulation unit device can be used to adjust the thickness of the simulated reservoir, bring the reservoir phenomenon close to the surface, observe the oil and water migration phenomenon in the reservoir-wellbore coupling simulation unit through the visual window, and obtain the reservoir sand and water production profile.

[0049] The heterogeneous reservoir sand and water production profile test and compartment filling water control effect evaluation experimental device described in the present invention can simulate the open hole well wall by burying a simulated wellbore mold in the reservoir simulation unit device according to the designed compartment water control scheme, and at the same time place a simulated open hole horizontal well compartment filling pipe string composed of simulated screen pipes, simulated casing, etc. in the simulated wellbore mold, and use a spacer group as a sealing plate in the compartment technology to simulate the application effect evaluation experiment of compartment filling sand and water control. The experimental phenomenon is observed through a visual window, and the sand and water production profile after the heterogeneous reservoir is graded and compartmented is obtained through the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device, and the effect of the compartment filling sand and water coordinated control technology is evaluated.

[0050] Specifically, the application of the above-mentioned heterogeneous reservoir sand and water production profile test and compartment filling water control effect evaluation experimental device can be used for dynamic change simulation experiment of sand control layer-reservoir seepage capacity at the production end of loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir, dynamic sand production-filling adaptive simulation experiment of fracture-deficit coupled reservoir, oil well sand and water production and control simulation experiment under bottom water / edge water conditions of loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir, unfilled oil and water migration simulation experiment of horizontal wells in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir, compartment filling sand and water production profile simulation experiment of horizontal wells in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir or compartment filling evaluation experiment of horizontal wells in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir.

[0051] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device for testing the sand and water production profile of heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating the effect of compartment filling and water control described in the present invention can simulate the flow and migration of oil, gas, and water from different reservoirs to wellbores with different inclination angles, simulate the oil and water seepage and bypass process in the near-wellbore reservoir of a horizontal well in a heterogeneous reservoir, simulate methods for simulating different reservoirs and reservoir sand production and deficit forms, and simulate the actual reservoir squeeze and filling process, thereby simulating the entire sand production-filling-production process. Through the flexible combination of the various simulation unit device structures, it is possible to simulate sand and water production profile testing experiments in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs, as well as compartment filling experiments in openhole horizontal wells and sand and water control experiments after compartment filling.

[0052] For example, the present invention utilizes a systematic modular design for reservoir simulation units, enabling independent adjustment of physical properties (porosity, permeability, sand particle size) and geometry (fracture angle, void size). By configuring formation sand in varying proportions and adding a specific consolidating agent within the reservoir simulation unit, different reservoir physical properties can be simulated, enabling simulation of reservoirs such as carbonate and tight sandstone reservoirs. The system also supports three-dimensional filling profile observation, quantifying the relationship between sand and water production and fluid viscosity and flow rate, providing accurate experimental data for optimizing differentiated water control and sand prevention processes. The system converts geological formation and fluid flow characteristics into mathematical models for effective reservoir simulation, assisting in evaluating water flooding effectiveness and developing optimized oil recovery plans. Flexible control of reservoir permeability extremes, fracture distribution, and void morphology is achieved, including simulation of sand and water production profile testing in heterogeneous loose sandstone reservoirs, such as bottom-water / edge-water reservoirs, fracture network reservoirs, and reservoirs with complex sand and void production.

[0053] More importantly, through innovative design, the present invention allows the wellbore simulation unit device to be embedded in the reservoir simulation unit device at any different inclination angle, which can simulate the fluid flow process outside the horizontal wellbore of different inclinations and heterogeneous reservoirs, and more realistically simulate the interaction effects between the wellbore and the reservoir, such as sand particle migration, fluid bypass and sand layer blockage; and cooperate with the many sensors in the data measurement and acquisition system to collect data in real time.

[0054] In addition, the wellbore simulation unit device, the reservoir simulation unit device and the sealing cover plate are all connected using a quick-release structure, which can ensure the sealing of the entire device while allowing for rapid disassembly.

[0055] The experimental device also innovatively designed a quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore, which realizes the dynamic monitoring and collection of sand and water flowing into the wellbore from different positions of the reservoir, and then obtains the sand and water production profile, realizing a quantitative description of the sand and water production, and providing a basis for the near-well reservoir compartment filling sand and water control and sand and water coordinated control technology.

[0056] The specific instructions are as follows: (1) The experimental device can reproduce the reservoir-wellbore coupling effect through flexible adjustment of the wellbore simulation unit device and the reservoir simulation unit device. Combined with the constant flow liquid supply closed loop, the visualization and data quantification of sand and water migration can be achieved through the visual window, multi-sensor (flow / pressure) real-time acquisition and computer analysis, and the sand and water production profile can be obtained. The sand and water production profile test experiment of the loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir and the evaluation experiment of the water control effect of the compartment filling are realized. The simulation function is comprehensive and conforms to the actual reservoir conditions. The main device of the reservoir simulation unit can simulate different types of complex reservoirs, which is more in line with the actual oil field reservoir conditions. The experimental results can effectively support the application of the sand and water coordinated control of the loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir and the sand and water control technology of the compartment filling in the open hole horizontal well.

[0057] The wellbore simulation unit, which can be embedded in the reservoir simulation unit at any angle, can simulate the entire process of sand and water production, sand and water control, compartment filling, and production optimization for different wellbore inclinations (vertical wells, directional wells, and horizontal wells) in heterogeneous reservoir conditions such as homogeneous / heterogeneous loose sandstone, fractured carbonate rock, and tight sandstone. It supports gas-water, oil-water, and oil-gas-water multiphase flow experiments, and is equipped with a high-precision visualization observation unit to visualize bypass and crossflow phenomena in the near-wellbore reservoir, providing an experimental basis for the optimization of compartment filling and water control in horizontal wells and the design of sand control in fractured reservoirs. It supports the verification of sand and water control processes for different permeability extremes and completion methods, providing an efficient and safe physical experimental platform for optimizing field sand control solutions.

[0058] (2) The experimental device can realize modular separation of the wellbore simulation unit device. By designing the spacers in the spacer group to be able to flexibly adjust the position, the flow conditions of different positions of the near-well reservoir to the wellbore and the dynamic monitoring and collection of the inflowing sand and water can be realized, thereby obtaining the sand and water production profile, and realizing the dynamic monitoring of sand and water production and the quantitative description of sand and water production, providing a basis for the near-well reservoir compartment filling sand and water control and sand and water coordinated control technology.

[0059] (3) The experimental device is widely applicable and has universal applicability. Through the flexible combination of reservoir and wellbore units, it can realize the test of sand and water production profile of heterogeneous reservoirs and the evaluation experiment of water control effect of compartment filling, including the production experiment of injection and production wells in heterogeneous reservoirs with and without screen pipes, the dynamic sand production-filling adaptive experiment of fracture-deficit coupled reservoirs, the simulation method of sand and water production and control experiment of oil wells under edge water / bottom water conditions, and the compartment filling experiment and the evaluation experiment after compartment filling. The experimental process and results are more in line with the field conditions, and the visual observation of oil and water migration and the quantitative acquisition of sand and water production profiles under different reservoirs and oil wells are realized, providing experimental support for differentiated and refined sand control and water control design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of multi-stage compartment filling for sand and water control in open hole horizontal wells.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a system flow chart of the experimental device (RFS) for testing the sand and water production profile of heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling as described in the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the reservoir simulation unit device.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the main body of the reservoir simulation unit device being placed on a fixed support.

[0064] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of perforated diverter plate A and perforated diverter plate B.

[0065] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the wellbore simulation unit (WSU).

[0066] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a system schematic diagram of the experimental device used for simulating the dynamic change of the sand control layer-reservoir seepage capacity at the production end of a loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir.

[0068] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of simulated casing, simulated screen and gravel in the wellbore simulation unit device.

[0069] Figure 10 This is a system schematic diagram of the experimental device used for simulating the seepage process of the near-well reservoir and sand control layer at the production end.

[0070] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of bottom water / edge water.

[0071] In the figure, 1 is a cubic tank, 2 is a simulated wellbore mold, 3 is a horizontal flow pump, 4 is an air storage tank, 5 is an air compressor, 6 is a fluid displacement port b, 7 is a flexible connecting pipe, 8 is a fluid displacement port a, 9 is a tee, 10 is a pressure sensor, 11 is a flow sensor, 12 is an injection wellbore, 13 is a liquid collector, 14 is a production wellbore, 15 is an inclined simulated wellbore mold I; 16 is an inclined simulated wellbore mold II, 17 is a reservoir simulation unit device, 18 is a control switch, 19 is a long Square sealing plate, 20 is a visual window, 21 is a sealing cover plate, 22 is a rotating support bearing seat, 23 is a driving motor, 24 is a fixed bracket, 25 is a universal wheel, 26 is a perforated diverter plate A, 27 is a perforated diverter plate B, 28 is a simulated wellbore mold, 29 is a simulated screen pipe, 30 is a central support pipe, 31 is a spacer, 32 is a hose, 33 is a data collector, 34 is a perforation, 35 is a hole, 36 is an expansion rubber ring, 37 is a simulated casing, and 38 is a simulated oil pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Example 1 The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling includes an air supply system, a constant flow liquid supply system, a data measurement and acquisition system, a reservoir simulation unit device 17 (MFS), a wellbore simulation unit device (WSU), and a wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device.

[0074] The wellbore simulation unit device can be embedded in the reservoir simulation unit device 17 at any different inclination angle, and can simulate the flow process of fluid outside the horizontal wellbore of heterogeneous reservoirs with different inclinations.

[0075] The quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore is placed in the wellbore simulation unit device. It can dynamically monitor and collect the sand and water flowing into the wellbore at different positions of the reservoir, and then obtain the sand and water production profile to achieve a quantitative description of the sand and water production.

[0076] The air supply system includes an air compressor 5 , an air storage tank 4 , an air supply pipeline and a control switch 18 .

[0077] The constant flow liquid supply system includes a horizontal flow pump 3 , a liquid collector 13 , a liquid supply pipeline and a control switch 18 .

[0078] The data measurement and acquisition system includes a pressure sensor 10, a flow sensor 11, and a computer acquisition terminal.

[0079] The reservoir simulation unit 17 comprises a cubic chamber 1 (150 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm) with viewing windows at the front and rear. This chamber 1 is fitted with a bolted sealing cover 21. This cover is secured with eight bolts 25, and the joints are sealed with a sealing ring. The main body of the reservoir simulation unit 17 is movably connected to a fixed bracket 24.

[0080] The two ends of the main bearing base of the fixed bracket 24 are trapezoidal support frames, which are composed of two legs and upper and lower crossbeams; the upper crossbeam of the trapezoidal support frame at the right end is provided with a rotating support bearing seat 22, and the right side of the reservoir simulation unit device 17 body is movably connected to the fixed bracket 24 through bolts and the rotating support bearing seat 22; the upper crossbeam of the trapezoidal support frame on the left is provided with a rotating support bearing seat 22 and a drive motor 23, and the left side of the reservoir simulation unit device 17 body is movably connected to the fixed bracket 24 through the corresponding coupling and the rotating support bearing seat 22 to ensure smooth transmission; universal wheels 25 with brakes are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed bracket 24 to facilitate the movement and positioning of the device. The wheel brake design ensures that it can be firmly fixed during operation to prevent the displacement of the equipment. The material of the fixed bracket 24 is welded from rectangular steel pipes or channel steels.

[0081] The squeezing and filling process can be observed through the visual window 20 of the cubic tank chamber 1, and the reservoir crossflow, filling and sand and water production profiles can be observed after the experiment.

[0082] At least two rectangular baffles 19 (150 cm x 50 cm x 5 cm) with a thickness of 5 cm and matching the internal dimensions of the cubic chamber are installed in the cubic chamber 1. The rectangular baffles 19 can be placed parallel or perpendicular to the cubic chamber 1.

[0083] Fluid displacement ports a 8 are evenly distributed at the top and bottom of the reservoir simulation unit 17 body, and tees 9 are provided at the fluid displacement ports a 8 ; fluid displacement ports b 6 are evenly distributed at the left and right ends of the body.

[0084] The top of the main body can be provided with five fluid displacement ports a8, and the bottom of the main body can be provided with five fluid displacement ports a8. Each fluid displacement port a8 is provided with a tee 9 to meet multiphase flow requirements. The left and right ends of the main body can each be provided with three fluid displacement ports b6.

[0085] The fluid displacement port a8 and fluid displacement port b6 are connected to the air supply system and the constant-flow liquid supply system via air and liquid supply lines, respectively. Pressure sensors 10 and flow sensors 11 are installed on these lines, enabling accurate simulation of flow rates at different locations. The entire reservoir simulation unit can withstand a pressure of up to 5 MPa.

[0086] The fluid displacement port a 8 is equipped with a perforated diverter plate A 26 (with dimensions of 150 cm×50 cm×5 cm) that matches the internal transverse dimensions of the cubic chamber 1 .

[0087] The fluid displacement port b 6 is provided with a perforated manifold plate B 27 (with dimensions of 50 cm×50 cm×5 cm) that matches the longitudinal dimensions of the interior of the cubic chamber 1 .

[0088] Diversion holes are evenly arranged on the perforated diversion plate A 26 and the perforated diversion plate B 27.

[0089] According to the experimental plan, when injecting fluid from the top and bottom ends of the reservoir simulation unit 17, a perforated manifold A 26 is used. When injecting fluid from the left and right ends of the reservoir simulation unit 17, a perforated manifold B 27 is used.

[0090] The main body of the wellbore simulation unit (WSU) is a simulated wellbore mold 28 , in which a flexible connecting pipe 7 is built.

[0091] A flexible connecting tube 7 of a defined length connects to the fluid displacement port b6 at one end, while the other end is embedded within the wellbore simulation unit. The remaining portion is embedded within the formation sand within the cubical chamber 1 of the reservoir simulation unit, enabling simulation of horizontal wellbores with varying inclinations and heterogeneous reservoirs. The dimensions of the simulated wellbore mold 28 match the diameter of the fluid displacement port a8. A sealing clip is provided at one end of the mold.

[0092] The wellbore simulation unit device also includes a simulated screen 29, a simulated casing 37, and a simulated oil pipe 38. The simulated screen 29, simulated casing 37, and simulated oil pipe 38 can all be built into the simulated wellbore mold 28. The simulated screen 29 is built into the simulated wellbore mold 28 by screws.

[0093] The wellbore simulation unit device can be flexibly assembled into an open hole wellbore simulation unit and a screen-wellbore simulation unit.

[0094] The openhole wellbore simulation unit uses a separate simulated wellbore mold 28 with dense pores to simulate an openhole horizontal well. The pore diameter ranges from 0.01 to 2.0 mm and can be customized based on experimental requirements. Because it simulates the openhole wellbore, it must withstand the pressure of the simulated reservoir above. Therefore, the thickness should be approximately 2 mm, and stainless steel or corrosion-resistant materials should be used to minimize experimental impacts.

[0095] The screen-wellbore simulation unit consists of multiple simulated screens 29 connected by high-strength bolts to form a detachable modular wellbore structure. It supports the rapid construction of various well types, including vertical, horizontal, and directional wells, and can be flexibly adjusted according to experimental needs.

[0096] The simulated screen 29 is made of stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloy, simulating the mechanical strength and pressure resistance of a real wellbore (pressure resistance ≥ 5 MPa). Its surface features evenly distributed pores with pore sizes ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 mm, simulating the sand retention function of an actual screen and supporting screening requirements of varying mesh sizes (e.g., 20 to 200 mesh). The segmented simulated screen 29 can be connected via threaded connections or flanges, facilitating quick replacement or adjustment of screen parameters.

[0097] The quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore includes a central support tube 30, a spacer group, a hose 32 and a data acquisition device; the spacer group is composed of spacers 31 whose size matches the inner diameter of the simulated wellbore mold 28, and the outer edge of the spacer 31 is provided with an annular groove, and an expansion rubber ring 36 is embedded in the annular groove.

[0098] The central support tube 30 is a hollow, threaded connecting rod made of stainless steel or carbon fiber composite material with a pressure resistance of ≥5 MPa. It serves as the axial support framework for the spacer assembly. The hollow interior of the central support tube 30 can be equipped with built-in wire guides and air pressure channels as needed.

[0099] The thickness of the spacer 31 is 5-15 mm; the spacer 31 is made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic.

[0100] The expansion ring 36 has a double-layer structure, with an inner layer of highly elastic silicone and an outer layer of corrosion-resistant nitrile rubber. The expansion diameter change rate of the expansion ring 36 is ≥30%, and the sealing pressure is 0.5-3MPa.

[0101] The hose 32 can be used to discharge water. The expansion rubber ring 36 allows the spacer 31 to better fit the inner wall of the simulated wellbore mold 28, ensuring the sealing of the partition.

[0102] Each of the spacers 31 is provided with a through hole 34 at the center thereof, which matches the outer diameter of the central support tube 30; each spacer 31 is also provided with a hole 35 whose size matches the outer diameter of the hose 32, through which the hose 32 is connected to the spacer 31; a data collector 33 is provided on the hose 32.

[0103] Each spacer 31 can be flexibly adjusted along the axial direction of the central support tube 30 through the through-hole 34 ; and can be adjusted and fixed by commonly used detachable fixing methods such as threads or buckles.

[0104] The data collector 33 may be a flow sensor for monitoring flow data. Furthermore, the flow sensor may be a high-precision flow meter (error ≤ 1%) to achieve real-time monitoring of the flow in the wellbore channel.

[0105] The method of using the experimental device is as follows: 1. Reservoir Simulation Unit According to the needs of experimental simulation, an adjustable rectangular isolation plate 19 can be inserted into the cubic chamber 1 to adapt to the requirements of different reservoir thicknesses.

[0106] The flow interface configuration is then connected, and the five fluid displacement ports a 8 and the three fluid displacement ports b 6 are connected to the liquid supply line and / or the gas supply line to control the multiphase fluid input.

[0107] Finally, the top cover is fastened with 8 bolts and the sealing ring is used to ensure airtightness. The reservoir simulation unit device is subjected to a pressure resistance (5MPa) test to check the sealing and structural stability of the reservoir simulation unit device.

[0108] 2. Wellbore Simulation Unit First, according to the experimental requirements, select the corresponding horizontal well simulation unit, injection and production well simulation unit, and wellbore simulation units with different inclinations.

[0109] If there is no need for a screen tube, a simulated wellbore mold 28 with dense holes is installed to simulate an open hole horizontal wellbore and simulate the open hole well wall.

[0110] If there is a need for a screen tube experiment, the required simulated screen tube 29 is selected and modularly assembled through threaded or flange connections.

[0111] Then, the wellbore simulation unit device is installed and embedded, the formation sand is buried in the reservoir simulation unit device, and the wellbore simulation unit device is embedded in the reservoir simulation unit device to simulate the interaction between the real wellbore and the reservoir.

[0112] At the same time, a quantitative monitoring device for the sand and water production profile of the wellbore is placed, and the spacer 31 is used to seal the sections. An independent data collector 33 is connected to realize the monitoring of the independent flow of each section in the wellbore, and then the sand and water production profile is obtained.

[0113] 3. Quantitative monitoring device for sand and water production profile in wellbore During use, the spacing of the spacers 31 is first adjusted based on the reservoir permeability distribution (e.g., 1 meter for high-permeability sections and 0.5 meter for low-permeability sections). The segmented sealing of the spacers 31 enables independent flow monitoring in different sections of the wellbore; it supports multiple completion methods, including simulated openhole wells, cased completions, and screen sand control.

[0114] After the reservoir simulation unit device 17 and the wellbore simulation unit device are assembled and placed, the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device is inserted into the simulated wellbore mold 28 of the horizontal well simulation unit, ensuring that the central support pipe 30 is coaxial with the simulated wellbore mold 28.

[0115] After fluid flows through the fluid inlet, reservoir phenomena can be visualized. Using the multi-channel horizontal well seepage dynamic monitoring data collector 33 in each spacer 21, flow rates at each location can be determined, yielding a reservoir fluid production profile. Simultaneously, sand production at each section can be collected to produce a sand production profile and a sand-water production synergy profile.

[0116] The flexible tube 32 of each spacer 21 is independently connected to a data collector 33, enabling real-time data transmission and recording. This solves the core issues of inflexible segmentation, low data accuracy, and inability to quantitatively monitor horizontal well flow, providing a highly reliable experimental tool for complex reservoir development and sand control process optimization.

[0117] 4. Data Analysis and Optimization Sand distribution and fracture blockage are recorded through a visual window. Sensor data is then correlated with dynamic behavior to enable real-time observation of reservoir sand and water migration. Red fluid (including tracer addition) is used to displace high-permeability sections, while pure water (simulating formation water) is used to displace low-permeability sections. Fluid flow through the different permeability sections is observed and displacement dynamics recorded. Oil and water seepage and bypass processes are monitored through the reservoir unit visual window. After displacement is complete, cores are taken at the interface between high- and low-permeability sections, or at key locations where bypass flow is concentrated, to observe reservoir morphology. Flow rates at different locations are recorded and analyzed, and sand and water production profiles are constructed after grading and compartmentalizing heterogeneous reservoirs. When screens are used, the long-term effectiveness of different sand control strategies is evaluated by calculating the screen's sand retention efficiency (inlet / outlet sand volume ratio) and the packing layer permeability (pressure drop-flow relationship). This allows adjustments to screen parameters (pore size, density), packing material type, or displacement strategy based on these experimental results to formulate sand and water control strategies.

[0118] Example 2 The experimental device was used to conduct a simulation experiment on the dynamic change of the seepage capacity of the sand control layer at the production end of the loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir. The operation was as follows: During the experiment, the production wellbore 14 and the injection wellbore 12 need to be placed first. The production wellbore 14 and the injection wellbore 12 are the simulated wellbore molds 28. The production wellbore 14 and the injection wellbore 12 are fixed to the buckle at the bottom of the cubic tank chamber 1.

[0119] Simulate the formation sand according to the design plan and carry out consolidation.

[0120] The experimental simulation principle of the seepage process of the near-well reservoir and sand control layer at the production end is as follows Figure 10 shown.

[0121] When the fluid displacement port a8 is used as the injection port for displacement, a tracer is added and the oil and water flow in the vertical state of the oil well and the reservoir deficit morphology are observed through the visual window 20. The spatial evolution of the oil and water front expansion, sand accumulation and sand control layer blockage during the injection and production process of the vertical well / horizontal well is captured in real time, providing an intuitive basis for optimizing the sand control process.

[0122] At the same time, different sand control schemes can be simulated through injection and production wells. By comparing the long-term sand retention efficiency and seepage maintenance capacity of different sand control schemes (such as screen accuracy, filling sand particle size, and fracturing proppant type) in heterogeneous reservoirs, the optimal sand control parameter combination can be directly screened. The schematic diagram of the screen and gravel in the wellbore simulation unit is shown in the attached figure. Figure 9 shown.

[0123] At the same time, the deficit morphology caused by sand production in the reservoir can be observed. The simulated reservoir unit can flexibly adjust the thickness, length, thickness and shape to intuitively simulate different sand deficit morphologies (large holes, honeycomb-like, earthworm-like holes) and reservoirs with different physical properties (heterogeneity). After the experiment, the reservoir can be cut open longitudinally to observe the longitudinal filling and sand production profiles, and it is easier to observe the sand and gravel mixing morphology during the sand-carrying production process. The experimental process and results are more in line with field conditions.

[0124] Example 3 The experimental device was used to conduct a dynamic sanding-filling adaptive simulation experiment of a fracture-deficit coupled reservoir. The operation was as follows: In the reservoir simulation unit device 17, the design adopts the fishing line pre-embedded extraction method, and simulates fractures of different openings by selecting high-strength fishing lines (diameter 0.2~0.5mm).

[0125] Through the arrangement of multiple parallel / crossed proppant structures and proppant filling, complex fracture networks are created. The fracture aperture (0.1-2mm) and seepage characteristics are simulated to accurately simulate the entire sand production and filling process of fractured reservoirs.

[0126] Before filling the simulated formation sand, lay the fishing line in the cubic chamber 1 according to the designed trajectory (vertical / horizontal / inclined), and fix the two ends to the reserved holes on the side wall of the cubic chamber 1 to ensure that it passes through the entire simulation area.

[0127] In a 150×50×50 cm cubic chamber 1, fishing lines can be introduced through the top and bottom fluid displacement ports a 8 or through the viewing window 20. Bolt holes in the steel outer wall allow for multi-point fixation, ensuring the fracture extension direction forms the desired angle with the wellbore (horizontal / inclined). Fracture aperture is controlled by adjusting the diameter of the fishing lines (single or bundled) and the amount of sand rebound after extraction to adjust the fracture width (0.1-2 mm). Proppants of varying particle sizes (such as ceramsite) are introduced into the fracture channel to simulate the difference in seepage between filled and unfilled fractures.

[0128] Example 4 The experimental device was used to conduct a simulation experiment on sand and water production and control in an oil well under bottom water / edge water conditions in a loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir. The operation was as follows: The experimental simulation of the initial bottom water morphology of the reservoir (thickness 0.05-0.5m) and the dynamic coning process is as follows Figure 10 As shown, the bottom water breakthrough time is predicted and the sand and water production profile in the reservoir is obtained. For example, the bottom water morphology is obtained as Figure 11 As shown, the XY coordinate axes are drawn in the bottom water form.

[0129] like Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the bottom water inrush part is divided into five sections, and the positions of the corresponding fluid displacement ports a8 from left to right are 2r e / 5, 4r e / 5, 6r e / 5, 8r e / 5, 2r e At each fluid displacement port a8, the flow rate of v0 displaces t0, and then the left third fluid displacement port a8 continues to displace t0 with the flow rate of v0, and finally displaces t0+t1 with the flow rate of v1, where v0=h0 / t0, v1=h w / t1, to simulate the initial bottom water state of the bottom water reservoir.

[0130] Other forms of bottom water can be calculated using this method.

[0131] After the test, the experimental data were recorded and the influence of bottom water morphology on the sand and water production of oil wells was analyzed to guide the application of on-site sand and water control technology in oil wells in bottom water reservoirs.

[0132] At the same time, this method can be used to simulate the water avoidance height and to simulate reservoir mudstone interlayers and oil wells with different inclinations by changing the oil well position and setting reservoir partitions.

[0133] Example 5 The experimental device was used to conduct a simulation experiment on oil-water migration without filling in a horizontal well in a loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir. The operation was as follows: Considering whether the observable oil-water seepage and bypass process in the reservoir is affected by the reservoir thickness, a rectangular isolation plate 19 is set in the cubic chamber 1 to reduce the simulated reservoir thickness and force the phenomenon to the reservoir surface.

[0134] According to the requirements of reservoir simulation, reservoirs with different permeability extremes are simulated by matching the proportions of different formation sands.

[0135] Without taking any filling measures, a wellbore simulation unit device was placed to observe the oil and water migration phenomenon in the reservoir without filling. The flow rate at different positions of the reservoir was quantitatively monitored using the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device.

[0136] Example 6 The experimental device was used to conduct a simulation experiment on the sand and water production profile of a horizontal well in a loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir with compartmentalized filling. The operation was as follows: Based on the extreme permeability differences designed in the experimental plan, different formation sand ratios were used to form simulated reservoirs with varying permeabilities. Simulated bottom layer sand was laid starting from the bottom of cubic chamber 1. The interior was filled with simulated formation sand and consolidated to form a stratum with a certain strength. After laying one layer, the second layer was laid, and so on. When the simulated bottom layer sand reached the preset position of the wellbore simulation unit, the wellbore simulation unit was placed and the laying continued until the simulated bottom layer sand filled the entire unit. Finally, the gaps between cubic chambers 1 were filled with formation sand. Subsequently, the reservoir was consolidated and saturated with crude oil, and the reservoir unit was sealed to simulate the initial state of the oil reservoir. At this point, the simulated formation was constructed.

[0137] Schematic diagram of reservoir filling under different permeabilities of open hole horizontal wells Figure 8 Subsequently, a wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device is inserted into the simulated wellbore mold 28, and the expansion rubber ring is provided to achieve a seal between the wellbore and the open hole wall, dividing the interior of the open hole wall simulated by the simulated wellbore mold 28 into multiple sections.

[0138] During the displacement stage, red fluid (consider adding tracers) is used to displace the high permeability section, and pure water (simulating formation water) is used to displace the low permeability section. The flow of the fluid through different permeability sections is observed, and the displacement dynamics are recorded.

[0139] The oil and water seepage and bypass process in the reservoir can be observed through the visual window 20 .

[0140] After the displacement is completed, cores are taken at the interface between the high permeability and low permeability sections or at key locations where bypass flow is more concentrated to observe the reservoir morphology, record the flow rates at different locations of the reservoir and analyze them, and obtain the sand and water production profile after the heterogeneous reservoir is graded and separated.

[0141] Example 7 The experimental device was used to conduct a compartment filling evaluation experiment for a horizontal well in a loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoir. The operation was as follows: Based on the experimental simulation results of oil-water seepage and bypass processes in heterogeneous reservoirs with graded and compartmented structures, a compartmented filling design and compartmented water control design were established.

[0142] According to the designed compartmentalized water control scheme, a simulated wellbore mold 28 was buried in the cubic chamber 1. At the same time, an open hole horizontal well compartmentalized filling string consisting of a simulated screen 29, a simulated casing 37 and a simulated oil pipe 38 was placed in the simulated wellbore mold 28. The spacer 31 was used as the sealing plate in the compartmentalized technology to simulate the application effect evaluation experiment of compartmentalized filling for sand and water control.

[0143] The experimental phenomena are observed through the visual window 20, and the sand and water production profile of the heterogeneous reservoir after grading and compartmenting is obtained through the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device, and the effect of the compartment filling sand and water coordinated control technology is evaluated.

[0144] As can be seen from the above examples, the experimental device described in the present invention can simulate heterogeneous reservoirs such as fractured reservoirs and bottom / edge water reservoirs by configuring various operating conditions, including the presence or absence of screens, fractures, and bottom water. Furthermore, it can also simulate compartmentalized filling experiments in openhole horizontal wells and evaluate the effects of compartmentalized filling.

[0145] The use of this experimental device can realistically restore the complex conditions of the oilfield site, and can systematically reflect the sand and water migration characteristics and water control and filling effects of loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs under complex wellbore structures. It provides an experimental basis and simulation method for the application of sand and water production profile testing and compartment filling water control technology in heterogeneous reservoirs.

Claims

1. An experimental device for testing the sand-water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling, characterized in that: It includes gas supply system, constant flow liquid supply system, data measurement and acquisition system, reservoir simulation unit device, wellbore simulation unit device, and wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device; The wellbore simulation unit device is embedded in the reservoir simulation unit device; the wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device is placed in the wellbore simulation unit device; The gas supply system includes an air compressor, a gas storage tank, a gas supply pipeline and a control switch; The constant flow liquid supply system includes a horizontal flow pump, a liquid collector, a liquid supply pipeline and a control switch; The data measurement and acquisition system includes a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a computer acquisition terminal; The main body of the reservoir simulation unit device is a cubic chamber with visual windows at the front and rear, and the cubic chamber is equipped with a detachable sealing cover. The main body of the reservoir simulation unit device is movably connected to the fixed bracket. At least two rectangular bulkheads with a thickness of 5 cm and matching the internal dimensions of the cubic chamber are provided in the cubic chamber; Fluid displacement ports a are evenly distributed at the top and bottom of the reservoir simulation unit body, a tee is provided at the fluid displacement port a, and fluid displacement ports b are evenly distributed at the left and right ends of the body; The fluid displacement port a and the fluid displacement port b are connected to the air supply system and the constant flow liquid supply system respectively through the air supply pipeline and the liquid supply pipeline; the air supply pipeline and the liquid supply pipeline are both provided with a pressure sensor and a flow sensor; The main body of the wellbore simulation unit device is a simulated wellbore mold, and a flexible connecting pipe is built into the simulated wellbore mold; The wellbore simulation unit device also includes a simulated screen, a simulated casing, and a simulated oil pipe; The wellbore sand and water production profile quantitative monitoring device includes a central support tube, a spacer group, a hose and a data collector; the spacer group is composed of spacers whose dimensions match the inner diameter of the simulated wellbore mold, and the outer edge of the spacer is provided with an annular groove, and the annular groove is embedded with an expansion rubber ring; Each of the spacers is provided with a perforation at the center thereof that matches the outer diameter of the central support tube; each spacer is also provided with a hole whose size matches the outer diameter of the hose, through which the hose is connected to the spacer; a data collector is provided on the hose.

2. The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fluid displacement port a is equipped with a perforated diverter plate A that matches the horizontal dimensions of the interior of the cubic tank; the fluid displacement port b is equipped with a perforated diverter plate B that matches the vertical dimensions of the interior of the cubic tank; diverter holes are evenly arranged on the perforated diverter plate A and the perforated diverter plate B.

3. The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dimensions of the cubic chamber are 150cm×50cm×50cm; the dimensions of the partition plate are 150cm×50cm×5cm.

4. The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The dimensions of the perforated diverter plate A are 150 cm×50 cm×5 cm; the dimensions of the perforated diverter plate B are 50 cm×50 cm×5 cm.

5. The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The two ends of the main bearing base of the fixed bracket are trapezoidal support frames, which are composed of two legs and upper and lower crossbeams; the upper crossbeam of the trapezoidal support frame at the right end is provided with a rotating support bearing seat, and the right side of the reservoir simulation unit device body is movably connected to the fixed bracket through bolts and the rotating support bearing seat; The upper crossbeam of the left trapezoidal support frame is provided with a rotating support bearing seat and a driving motor. The left side of the reservoir simulation unit device body is movably connected to the fixed bracket through a corresponding coupling and the rotating support bearing seat.

6. The experimental device for testing the sand-water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Universal wheels with brakes are respectively provided at the four corners of the bottom of the fixed bracket.

7. The experimental device for testing the sand-water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The central support tube is a hollow threaded connecting rod; the material of the central support tube is stainless steel or carbon fiber composite material.

8. The experimental device for testing the sand and water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the spacer is 5-15 mm; the spacer is made of aluminum alloy or engineering plastic.

9. The experimental device for testing the sand-water production profile of a heterogeneous reservoir and evaluating the water control effect of compartment filling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The expansion rubber ring has a double-layer structure, with an inner layer of silica gel and an outer layer of nitrile rubber.

10. Application of the experimental device for testing sand and water production profile in heterogeneous reservoirs and evaluating water control effects of compartment filling according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The experimental device is used for simulation experiments on dynamic changes in the sand control layer-reservoir seepage capacity at the production end of loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs, dynamic sand production-filling adaptive simulation experiments in fracture-deficit coupled reservoirs, sand and water production and control simulation experiments in oil wells under bottom water / edge water conditions in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs, simulation experiments on oil and water migration in horizontal wells without filling in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs, simulation experiments on sand and water production profiles with compartment filling in horizontal wells in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs, or compartment filling evaluation experiments in horizontal wells in loose sandstone heterogeneous reservoirs.

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