Orthopedic surgery drilling device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, in particular to an orthopedic surgery drill which comprises a shell, a driving module, a power transmission module, a chuck module, a power supply module and a control module. The electromagnet is electrified to generate magnetic attraction force, so that the drill bit is quickly contracted, the problem of excessive drilling caused by the fact that a doctor does not receive the force in time is solved, the safety is high, the drill bit is combined with a surgical navigation positioning system for use, the drill bit guide frame is additionally arranged, the drilling direction of the drill can be adjusted to a proper direction, and the drilling efficiency is improved. The high-precision displacement sensor is adopted, the drilling depth is directly detected, the reaction delay of a surgical navigation positioning system is greatly shortened, and therefore the accurate drilling depth is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to an orthopedic surgical drill. Background Art

[0002] Orthopedic surgical drills are specialized instruments used to drill holes in bones during orthopedic surgery. They are primarily used for operations such as screw fixation, prosthesis implantation, bone tissue sampling, or decompression. Currently, they are primarily divided into pneumatic drills and electric drills. With the gradual improvement of surgical navigation and positioning systems, intelligent navigation drills integrated with these systems have also been developed. The surgical navigation and positioning system combines preoperative CT / MRI to reconstruct a three-dimensional model. This data is input into the navigation system and, after processing and reconstruction, generates a virtual three-dimensional model of the patient's bones, providing a basis for surgical planning. During surgery, the navigation system utilizes infrared, electromagnetic, and other positioning technologies to track the position of surgical instruments and the patient's bones in real time. For example, by installing special positioning markers on the bone drill and the patient's body, the navigation system can accurately determine the spatial position and orientation of the bone drill within the patient's body and match it with the preoperative three-dimensional model, thereby providing the doctor with spatial information such as drilling direction and depth.

[0003] In orthopedic surgery, since the cortical bone outside the bone is hard, in order to drill a hole in the bone, the doctor needs to hold the drill and apply a large force to the bone. Although surgical navigation and positioning systems can now be used to assist, drilling is still performed manually by the doctor. Therefore, after piercing the bone, if the doctor does not release the force in time, it will cause excessive drilling, causing complications or increasing the patient's recovery time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose an orthopedic surgical drill. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an orthopedic surgical drill to solve the problems raised in the background art. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object and other related objects, the present invention provides an orthopedic surgical drill, comprising a housing, a drive module, a power transmission module, a chuck module, a power supply module, and a control module. The drive module is connected to the power transmission module, the power transmission module is connected to the chuck module, and the power supply module is used to power the drill. The drive module, power transmission module, and power supply module are arranged in the housing. The power transmission module comprises a spline shaft, a spline sleeve, a sleeve, a sleeve driving mechanism, and a stopper. The spline shaft is slidably connected to the spline sleeve, the spline shaft is connected to the drive module, the spline sleeve is connected to the chuck module, a sleeve is rotatably connected to the spline sleeve, a plurality of slide grooves and limit grooves are provided on the outer circumference of the sleeve, the slide grooves and the limit grooves are connected, the slide grooves are longer than the limit grooves, and a stopper corresponding to the slide grooves is provided on the housing. The sleeve driving mechanism is provided on the sleeve, and is used to drive the sleeve to rotate so that the stopper is located in the slide groove or the limit groove, and when the stopper is located in the slide groove, the sleeve is driven to move toward the stopper direction.

[0006] Preferably, the sleeve driving mechanism includes an electromagnet, a magnetic block, an elastic member and a limit block. The electromagnet is arranged on the shell, the magnetic block is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve, and the electromagnet is cooperatively arranged obliquely above the magnetic block. By energizing the electromagnet, the electromagnet attracts the magnetic block, allowing the sleeve to rotate clockwise so that the slide groove is aligned with the stop block. One end of the elastic member is arranged on the side of the sleeve, and the other end is arranged on the shell. The elastic member provides the sleeve with a counterclockwise rotating torque and a pulling force toward the stop block.

[0007] Preferably, the sleeve drive mechanism further comprises a limit block, which is provided on the housing and arranged on a side of the sleeve away from the stop block, for axially limiting the sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the electromagnet and the magnetic block are staggered in the circumferential direction and also staggered in the axial direction, and the electromagnet is arranged close to the stop block in the axial direction.

[0009] Preferably, a guide marker assembly is provided on the outside of the shell to cooperate with an external surgical navigation and positioning system, and the surgical navigation and positioning system tracks the position of the drill in real time by identifying the guide marker assembly.

[0010] Preferably, a guide groove is provided on the shell, a drill guide frame is provided on the guide groove, the drill guide frame includes a hand-held rod, a drill sleeve, and a slide rod, the drill sleeve is respectively provided with a hand-held rod and a slide rod, and the slide rod is slidably connected in the guide groove.

[0011] Preferably, a rebound damping rod is provided in the guide groove, and the rebound damping rod is connected to the sliding rod.

[0012] Preferably, a displacement sensor is provided on the guide groove, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the displacement distance of the slide bar, and the displacement sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

[0013] Preferably, the driving module includes a brushless motor and a planetary reducer, the brushless motor is fixedly installed in the housing, the output shaft of the brushless motor is connected to the planetary reducer, and the spline shaft is connected to the planetary reducer.

[0014] Preferably, the power supply module is a lithium battery.

[0015] The orthopedic surgical drill provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. By setting the sleeve drive mechanism, during normal drilling, the control module generates magnetic attraction by energizing the electromagnet after the drill bit completes drilling, thereby achieving rapid retraction of the drill bit, avoiding the problem of excessive drilling caused by the doctor's failure to retract the force in time, and having high safety.

[0017] 2. By combining with the surgical navigation and positioning system and adding a drill guide frame, the drilling direction of the drill can be adjusted to the appropriate direction. When the drill retracts, the buffering effect of the rebound damping rod can eliminate the feeling of missing and prevent the drill from being inserted too deep. At the same time, a high-precision displacement sensor is used to directly detect the drilling depth, greatly reducing the response delay of the surgical navigation and positioning system, thereby achieving accurate drilling depth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an orthopedic surgical drill according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in the middle;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an orthopedic surgical drill according to the present invention in another state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following is a detailed description of the orthopedic surgical drill according to the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are highly simplified and not to exact scale, and are intended solely to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indications or

[0024] This implies relative importance or implicitly indicates the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two or three, unless otherwise specifically specified.

[0025] It should be noted that the following figures are only used to illustrate the basic concept of the present invention.

[0026] The diagram only shows components related to the present invention and is not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the status, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout status may also be more complicated.

[0027] An orthopedic surgical drill, such as Figure 1-3As shown, it includes a shell 100, a driving module 200, a power transmission module 300, a chuck module 400, a power supply module 500, and a control module 600. The driving module 200 is connected to the power transmission module 300, the power transmission module 300 is connected to the chuck module 400, the power supply module 500 is electrically connected to the driving module 200, the power transmission module 300, and the control module 600 respectively. The driving module 200, the power transmission module 300, and the power supply module 500 are arranged in the shell 100. The chuck module 400 is used to clamp and fix the drill bit. The control module 600 is used to control the operation of the power supply module 500, the driving module 200, and the power transmission module 300. The power transmission module 300 is used to transmit the power output by the driving module 200 to the chuck module 400; the power transmission module 300 includes The spline shaft 310, the spline sleeve rod 320, the sleeve 330, the sleeve drive mechanism 340, and the stopper 350. The spline shaft 310 is slidably connected to the spline sleeve rod 320. The spline shaft 310 is connected to the drive module 200. The spline sleeve rod 320 is connected to the chuck module 400. The spline sleeve rod 320 is rotatably connected to the sleeve 330. The outer periphery of the sleeve 330 is provided with a plurality of slide grooves 331 and limit grooves 332. The slide grooves 331 and limit grooves 332 are provided on the outer periphery of the sleeve 330. 31 and the limiting groove 332 are connected to form an L-shaped structure, the sliding groove 331 is longer than the limiting groove 332, and a stopper 350 corresponding to the sliding groove 331 is provided on the shell 100. The sleeve driving mechanism 340 is provided on the sleeve 330, and is used to drive the sleeve 330 to rotate so that the stopper 350 is located in the sliding groove 331 or the limiting groove 332, and when the stopper 350 is located in the sliding groove 331, the sleeve 330 is driven to move toward the stopper 350.

[0028] Generally, the driving module 200 includes a brushless motor and a planetary reducer. The brushless motor is fixedly installed in the housing, the output shaft of the brushless motor is connected to the planetary reducer, the spline shaft 310 is connected to the planetary reducer, and the power supply module 500 is a lithium battery.

[0029] In one embodiment, the sleeve drive mechanism 340 includes an electromagnet 341, a magnetic block 342, an elastic member 343 and a limit block 344. The electromagnet 341 is arranged on the housing 100, and the magnetic block 342 is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve 330. The electromagnet 341 is arranged obliquely above the magnetic block 342. By energizing the electromagnet 341, the electromagnet 341 attracts the magnetic block 342, and the sleeve 330 rotates clockwise, so that the slide groove 331 is aligned with the stop block 350, and the elastic member 343 One end of the sleeve 330 is arranged on the side of the sleeve 330, and the other end is arranged on the housing 100. The elastic member 343 provides the sleeve 330 with a counterclockwise rotating torque and a pulling force toward the stopper 350. The limit block 344 is arranged on the housing 100. The limit block 344 is located on the side of the sleeve 330 away from the stopper 350. The limit block 344 is used to limit the sleeve 330 axially to prevent the stopper 350 from being separated from the limit groove 332 due to excessive movement of the sleeve 330 to the left. When the electromagnet 341 is not working, the sleeve 330 is elastic The screwdriver 330 is rotated counterclockwise under the action of the elastic member 343. At this time, the stopper 350 is located in the limiting groove 332. At this time, the stopper 350 is misaligned with the slide groove 331. During surgical drilling, the pressure is transmitted to the stopper 350 through the drill bit, the chuck module 400, the shaft sleeve, and the sleeve 330 in sequence, realizing the normal drilling function. After the drill bit completes drilling, the control module 600 starts the electromagnet 341 to generate magnetic attraction, attracting the magnetic block 342, causing the sleeve 330 to overcome the elastic force of the elastic member and rotate clockwise, so that the stopper 350 is aligned with the slide groove 331, and the electromagnet 341 is closed. Under the pulling force of the elastic member, the sleeve 330 causes the stopper 350 to enter the sliding groove 331, and the sleeve 330 drives the spline sleeve rod 320 to move rightward. The spline sleeve rod 320 and the spline shaft 310 also slide relative to each other, and the spline sleeve rod 320 drives the chuck module 400 to move rightward, so that when the drill bit completes drilling, the drill bit is retracted to avoid the problem of excessive drilling caused by the doctor's failure to retract the force in time. In this use, the spline sleeve rod 320 is manually pulled outward to reset the sleeve 330 and allow the stopper 350 to be re-positioned in the limiting groove 332;

[0030] In one embodiment, in order to allow the stopper 350 to better enter the slide groove 331, the electromagnet 341 and the magnetic block 342 are staggered in the circumferential direction and also in the axial direction. The electromagnet 341 is arranged axially close to the stopper 350. Therefore, when the electromagnet 341 is started and the electromagnet 341 attracts the magnetic block 342, the stopper 350 is located in the limit groove 332 and plays an axial limit role. At this time, the magnetic block 342 can only drive the sleeve 330 to rotate until the stopper 350 is aligned with the slide groove 331, and the stopper 350 releases the axial support for the sleeve 330. At this time, the electromagnet 341 will cause the magnetic block 342 to move to the right so that the magnetic block 342 is axially aligned with the electromagnet 341. At this time, the stopper 350 enters the slide groove 331, avoiding the situation where the stopper 350 cannot enter the slide groove 331 in some cases.

[0031] In one embodiment, whether the drill bit has completed drilling is input by the surgical navigation and positioning system. A guide marker component that cooperates with the surgical navigation and positioning system is set on the outside of the shell 100. The surgical navigation and positioning system tracks the position of the drill in real time by identifying the guide marker component, reconstructs a three-dimensional model based on the preoperative CT / MRI, and determines the drill bit model, drilling angle value and depth value. When the drilling depth reaches the determined depth value, the surgical navigation and positioning system sends a signal to the control module 600, and the control module 600 drives the electromagnet 341 to start and realize the function of retracting the drill bit. Therefore, the control module 600 includes at least one of a wireless transmission module or a wired transmission module to connect to the surgical navigation and positioning system wirelessly or by wire.

[0032] In one embodiment, a guide groove 110 is provided on the shell 100, and a drill guide frame 700 is provided on the guide groove 110. The drill guide frame 700 includes a hand-held rod 710, a drill sleeve 720, and a slide rod 730. The drill sleeve 720 is respectively provided with a hand-held rod 710 and a slide rod 730. The slide rod 730 is slidably connected in the guide groove 110, and the slide rod 730 can slide along the guide groove 110. When in use, the slide rod 730 is first installed in the guide groove 110. The doctor holds the hand-held rod 710 and, according to the display of the surgical navigation positioning system, pushes the drill sleeve 720 against the position to be drilled, adjusts the drilling direction of the drill to a suitable direction, and then pushes the drill to drill to achieve stable drilling.

[0033] In one embodiment, since there is a feeling of missing when the drill bit retracts, the doctor may rush forward while holding the drill. For this reason, a rebound damping rod 120 is provided in the guide groove 110. The rebound damping rod 120 is connected to the slide rod 730, and the drill sleeve 720 is pressed against the position to be drilled. When the drill bit retracts, the buffering effect of the rebound damping rod 120 can eliminate the feeling of missing and prevent the drill bit from being inserted too deep.

[0034] The amount of computation required for the surgical navigation and positioning system is large, and the system's data processing capabilities are high. Although the current CPU / GPU computing capabilities are improving, data delays still exist. The delay from the movement of the drill to the completion of the surgical navigation and positioning system recognition is 200-500ms, which is mainly caused by sensor signal delay, data processing and registration delay, display and interaction delay, etc., which will lead to the problem of drilling too deep. In one embodiment, a displacement sensor 130 is provided on the guide groove 110, and the displacement sensor 130 is used to detect the displacement distance of the slide bar 730. The displacement sensor 130 is electrically connected to the control module 600 and is based on the preoperative CT / MRI. The three-dimensional model is reconstructed to determine the drilling depth, which is then input into the control module 600. During the operation, the drill sleeve 720 is first adjusted to the appropriate position, and then the drill is placed on the bone. The displacement sensor 130 and the drive module 200 are activated, and the drill drills in a predetermined direction. When the displacement sensor 130 detects that the displacement distance reaches the predetermined drilling depth, the control module 600 activates the electromagnet 341. Because drilling too deep may cause serious consequences, a high-precision displacement sensor 130 is used to directly detect the drilling depth, which greatly reduces the delay and thus achieves accurate drilling depth.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An orthopedic surgical drill, comprising a housing, a drive module, a power transmission module, a chuck module, a power supply module, and a control module, wherein the drive module is connected to the power transmission module, the power transmission module is connected to the chuck module, and the power supply module is used to power the drill. The drive module, power transmission module, and power supply module are arranged within the housing, and are characterized in that: The power transmission module includes a spline shaft, a spline sleeve, a sleeve, a sleeve driving mechanism, and a stopper. The spline shaft is slidably connected to the spline sleeve, the spline shaft is connected to the driving module, the spline sleeve is connected to the chuck module, the spline sleeve is rotatably connected to the sleeve, a plurality of slide grooves and limit grooves are opened on the outer periphery of the sleeve, the slide grooves and the limit grooves are connected, the slide grooves are longer than the limit grooves, and a stopper corresponding to the slide grooves is provided on the shell. The sleeve driving mechanism is provided on the sleeve for driving the sleeve to rotate so that the stopper is located in the slide groove or the limit groove, and when the stopper is located in the slide groove, the sleeve is driven to move toward the stopper direction.

2. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve driving mechanism includes an electromagnet, a magnetic block, an elastic member and a limit block. The electromagnet is arranged on the shell, the magnetic block is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve, and the electromagnet is arranged obliquely above the magnetic block. By energizing the electromagnet, the electromagnet attracts the magnetic block, allowing the sleeve to rotate clockwise so that the slide groove is aligned with the stop block. One end of the elastic member is arranged on the side of the sleeve, and the other end is arranged on the shell. The elastic member provides the sleeve with a counterclockwise rotating torque and a pulling force toward the stop block.

3. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sleeve driving mechanism further comprises a limit block, which is provided on the housing and arranged on a side of the sleeve away from the stop block, for axially limiting the sleeve.

4. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electromagnet and the magnetic block are staggered in the circumferential direction and also in the axial direction. The electromagnet is arranged close to the stop block in the axial direction.

5. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exterior of the shell is provided with a guide marker assembly that cooperates with an external surgical navigation and positioning system. The surgical navigation and positioning system tracks the position of the drill in real time by identifying the guide marker assembly.

6. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a guide groove, the guide groove is provided with a drill guide frame, the drill guide frame includes a hand-held rod, a drill sleeve, and a slide rod, the drill sleeve is respectively provided with a hand-held rod and a slide rod, and the slide rod is slidably connected in the guide groove.

7. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rebound damping rod is arranged in the guide groove, and the rebound damping rod is connected to the sliding rod.

8. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 7, characterized in that: A displacement sensor is provided on the guide groove, and the displacement sensor is used to detect the displacement distance of the slide bar. The displacement sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

9. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving module includes a brushless motor and a planetary reducer. The brushless motor is fixedly installed in the housing. The output shaft of the brushless motor is connected to the planetary reducer. The spline shaft is connected to the planetary reducer.

10. The orthopedic surgical drill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module is a lithium battery.

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