Method for turning end face of conductor in HWR015 type superconducting cavity

Abstract

An HWR015 type superconducting cavity inner conductor end face turning machining method comprises the following steps that centering clamps are placed in the two ends of a workpiece to be machined, and a lathe chuck and a lathe tailstock tip are used for fixing the centering clamps; turning the right end face of the to-be-machined workpiece until the end face of the to-be-machined workpiece is integrally flat, and stopping feeding; turning the left end face of the to-be-machined workpiece, and stopping feeding until the end face of the to-be-machined workpiece is integrally flat; the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece to be machined are measured and calculated; turning the right end face of the to-be-machined workpiece, and stopping feeding until the feeding amount is consistent with the required feeding amount of the to-be-machined workpiece; turning the left end face of the to-be-machined workpiece, and stopping feeding until the feeding amount is consistent with the required feeding amount of the to-be-machined workpiece; and confirming that the cut removal amount of the end faces of the two sides of the workpiece is consistent with the theoretical removal amount Q1 and Q2, and completing turning. The planeness of the machining end face of the to-be-machined workpiece, the circle run-out of the end and the perpendicularity of the turning end face and the central axis are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of superconducting cavity processing, and in particular to a method for turning the end face of a conductor in an HWR015 superconducting cavity. Background Art

[0002] Regarding the end-face turning of the HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor, since the HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor is a tapered, thin-walled body of revolution, the turning process must ensure the circular runout of the conductor end, as well as the perpendicularity and flatness of the turned end face with the central axis of the cylinder. However, in the existing technology, how to ensure the flatness of the machined end face, the circular runout of the end face, and the perpendicularity of the turned end face with the central axis of the HWR015 superconducting cavity, with its long dimensions and small diameter, is a pressing problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned technology, it is necessary to provide a method for turning the end face of an HWR015 type superconducting cavity conductor.

[0004] A method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor comprises the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: Place the centering fixture in a free-fall manner inside the left and right ends of the workpiece to be processed, use the three-jaw chuck on the lathe to clamp the centering fixture on the left end, and use the lathe tailstock top to support the centering fixture on the right end. Slowly rotate the lathe tailstock top to slowly and tightly fit the inner walls of the two ends of the workpiece to be processed with the outer walls of the centering fixture;

[0006] Step S2: The tool is slowly moved from the side of the lathe tailstock to the right end face of the workpiece to be machined through the slide box. After the tool touches the end face of the workpiece to be machined, the tool is slowly fed until the end face of the workpiece to be machined is flat as a whole and then the tool feeding is stopped;

[0007] Step S3: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece to be machined through the slide box. After touching the end face of the workpiece to be machined, slowly advance the tool until the end face of the workpiece to be machined is flat as a whole, and then stop advancing the tool.

[0008] Step S4: measuring and calculating the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece to be machined respectively;

[0009] Step S5: The workpiece to be processed is mounted on the lathe again. The positive tool is slowly moved from the side of the lathe tailstock to the right end face of the workpiece to be processed via the slide box. After the tool touches the end face of the workpiece to be processed, the tool feed amount is measured. The tool feed should be kept slow and steady until the tool feed amount matches the required tool feed amount of the workpiece to be processed. Then the tool feed is stopped.

[0010] Step S6: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece to be processed through the slide box. After it touches the end face of the workpiece to be processed, start measuring the feed amount. Keep the feed slow and steady until the feed amount matches the required feed amount of the workpiece to be processed, and then stop feeding.

[0011] Step S7: Confirm whether the amount of removal on both sides of the workpiece is consistent with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2. If not, perform machining compensation.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece to be machined are obtained by the following method:

[0013] First, measure the total height L of the workpiece to be processed, the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end surface, and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end surface;

[0014] Calculate the difference between the total height L of the workpiece to be processed and the theoretical height H to obtain the theoretical total removal amount Q;

[0015] Calculate the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end face and the theoretical distance N;

[0016] Determine whether the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is within the allowable error range;

[0017] If the requirements are met, the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be machined to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be machined to the right end face and the theoretical distance N, are the theoretical removal amount Q1 and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the left end face of the workpiece to be machined;

[0018] Among them, the theoretical distance N is the theoretical size from the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the end faces on both sides; the theoretical height H is the theoretical size between the end faces on both sides of the workpiece to be processed.

[0019] Preferably, the allowable error range of the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is ≤0.05 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end surface and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end surface are obtained by the following method:

[0021] Collect multiple distances S1 to establish sample A, and collect multiple distances S2 to establish sample B;

[0022] Compare the distance values ​​of sample A and sample B with the theoretical distance N, and filter out distance values ​​with an error greater than 0.1 mm;

[0023] The remaining distance values ​​in sample A and sample B are averaged to obtain distance S1 and distance S2.

[0024] Preferably, in step S7,

[0025] First, measure the actual height of the workpiece after turning, and the actual distance from both end faces to the center hole;

[0026] Calculate the difference between the actual height and the theoretical height H, and the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance N;

[0027] Compare the calculated results with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2 to confirm whether they are consistent. If not, perform processing compensation.

[0028] Preferably, the centering fixture includes a jig, one end of which has a fitting portion adapted to the inner walls of both ends of the workpiece to be processed, the other end of which is coaxially provided with a tool withdrawal groove portion, and a clamping portion is coaxially provided on the side of the tool withdrawal groove portion away from the jig.

[0029] Preferably, the fitting portion is in a truncated cone-shaped structure, and the large-diameter end of the fitting portion is coaxially connected to the mold.

[0030] Preferably, a positioning hole concentric with the mold is formed at the end of the clamping portion.

[0031] Preferably, the diameter of the tool-backing groove portion is smaller than the diameter of the mold, and the diameter of the clamping portion is smaller than the diameter of the tool-backing groove portion.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor end face turning method provided by the present invention effectively ensures that the coaxiality between the central axis of the workpiece to be processed and the central axis of the core shaft is within 0.2 mm, thereby ensuring the flatness of the end face of the workpiece to be processed and its perpendicularity to the central axis. At the same time, it can also achieve the simultaneous processing of the end faces of the workpiece to be processed in one clamping, and also ensure the parallelism of the end faces of the workpiece to be processed. The present invention solves the problem of turning the end faces of conical thin-walled rotating parts - HWR superconducting cavity conductors. It can be applied to the processing of long-sized, small-diameter conical thin-walled rotating parts. On the premise of ensuring the flatness of the processed end face, it also ensures the circular runout of the part end and the perpendicularity of the turned end face to the central axis, greatly improving the processing production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the centering fixture of the present invention when assembled with a workpiece to be processed.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the centering fixture of the present invention after being assembled with a workpiece to be processed.

[0036] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention when turning a workpiece to be machined.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the centering fixture of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure from another angle.

[0040] In the figure: workpiece to be processed 01, centering fixture 02, jig 21, fitting part 22, tool recess part 23, clamping part 24, positioning hole 25, lathe chuck 03, lathe tailstock center 04. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", "lower" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0043] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a method for turning the end face of a HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step S1: Place the centering fixture 02 in a free-fall manner inside the left and right ends of the workpiece 01 to be processed. Use the three-jaw chuck on the lathe to clamp the centering fixture 02 on the left end. The lathe tailstock top supports the centering fixture 02 on the right end. Slowly rotate the lathe tailstock top to slowly and tightly fit the inner walls of the two ends of the workpiece 01 to be processed with the outer wall of the centering fixture 02. Accordingly, during the tightening process, the tightening force must be controlled according to the material properties of the workpiece to prevent deformation of the workpiece due to excessive tightening force. The centering fixture 02 can locate the relative position between the workpiece 01 to be processed and the lathe spindle body, thereby ensuring the processing accuracy of the workpiece 01 to be processed.

[0045] Step S2: Before machining, both the positive tool and the negative tool are mounted on a common lathe tool post; during machining, the positive tool is slowly moved from the side of the lathe tailstock toward the right end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined via the slide box, and the positive tool is slowly fed in after touching the end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined, and the feeding is stopped after the end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined is flat as a whole;

[0046] Step S3: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined through the slide box. After touching the end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined, slowly feed the tool until the end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined is flat as a whole, and then stop feeding.

[0047] Step S4: respectively measuring and calculating the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece 01 to be machined;

[0048] Step S5: Install the workpiece 01 to be processed onto the lathe again. Use the slide box to slowly move the tool from the side of the lathe tailstock toward the right end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed. After it touches the end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed, start measuring the feed amount. Keep the feed slow and steady until the feed amount matches the required feed amount of the workpiece 01 to be processed, then stop feeding.

[0049] Step S6: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed through the slide box. After it touches the end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed, start measuring the feed amount. Keep the feed slow and steady until the feed amount matches the required feed amount of the workpiece 01 to be processed, and then stop feeding.

[0050] Step S7: Confirm whether the amount of removal on both sides of the workpiece is consistent with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2. If not, perform machining compensation.

[0051] Preferably, in step S4, the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed are obtained by the following method:

[0052] First, measure the total height L of the workpiece 01 to be processed, the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece 01 to be processed to the left end surface, and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece 01 to be processed to the right end surface;

[0053] Calculate the difference between the total height L of the workpiece to be processed and the theoretical height H to obtain the theoretical total removal amount Q;

[0054] Calculate the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end face and the theoretical distance N;

[0055] Determine whether the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is within the allowable error range;

[0056] If the requirements are met, the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece 01 to be processed to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece 01 to be processed to the right end face and the theoretical distance N are the theoretical removal amount Q1 and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the left end face and the right end face of the workpiece 01 to be processed;

[0057] The theoretical distance N is the theoretical size from the center hole to the two end faces of the workpiece 01 to be processed; the theoretical height H is the theoretical size between the two end faces of the workpiece 01 to be processed.

[0058] To be more specific, the allowable error range of the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is ≤0.05 mm.

[0059] To be more specific, the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed 01 to the left end surface and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed 01 to the right end surface are obtained by the following method:

[0060] Collect multiple distances S1 to establish sample A, and collect multiple distances S2 to establish sample B;

[0061] Compare the distance values ​​of sample A and sample B with the theoretical distance N, and filter out distance values ​​with an error greater than 0.1 mm;

[0062] The remaining distance values ​​in sample A and sample B are averaged to obtain distance S1 and distance S2.

[0063] To be more specific, in step S7,

[0064] First, measure the actual height of the workpiece 01 after turning, and the actual distance from both end faces to the center hole;

[0065] Calculate the difference between the actual height and the theoretical height H, and the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance N;

[0066] Compare the calculated results with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2 to confirm whether they are consistent. If not, perform processing compensation.

[0067] Please see Figures 1 to 6 In one embodiment, the centering fixture 02 includes a jig 21. One end of the jig 21 has a fitting portion 22 that mates with the inner walls of the workpiece 01 to be machined. The jig 21's profile can be adjusted to accommodate parts of varying shapes and sizes, depending on the specific shape of the part. A tool relief portion 23 is coaxially disposed at the other end of the jig 21. A clamping portion 24 is coaxially disposed on the side of the tool relief portion 23 away from the jig 21.

[0068] Specifically, the fitting portion 22 is a truncated cone structure, and the large diameter end of the fitting portion 22 is coaxially connected to the mold 21. The fitting portion 22 can fit tightly and effectively with the inner wall of the workpiece 01 to be machined, and can provide support for the workpiece to prevent deformation of the workpiece during the turning process.

[0069] In order to facilitate the stability of the lathe tailstock top against the clamping part 24, a positioning hole 25 is opened at the end of the clamping part 24, which is concentric with the mold 21. In this way, it can be ensured that the clamping part 24 is coaxial with the lathe tailstock top.

[0070] The diameter of the undercut portion 23 is smaller than the diameter of the mold 21 , and the diameter of the clamping portion 24 is smaller than the diameter of the undercut portion 23 .

[0071] By using the centering fixture 02 to clamp and fix the workpiece 01 to be processed, it is suitable for the processing of thin-walled rotating parts of different sizes and conical shapes, and the positioning is more stable, accurate and controllable; under the premise of ensuring circular runout, the processing size accuracy and shape position accuracy are more accurate and reliable.

[0072] Of course, the shape of the clamping portion 24 can be designed to be more convenient for clamping by a machine tool chuck.

[0073] The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is certainly not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step S1: Place the centering fixture in a free-fall manner inside the left and right ends of the workpiece to be processed, use the three-jaw chuck on the lathe to clamp the centering fixture on the left end, and use the lathe tailstock top to support the centering fixture on the right end. Slowly rotate the lathe tailstock top to slowly and tightly fit the inner walls of the two ends of the workpiece to be processed with the outer walls of the centering fixture; Step S2: The tool is slowly moved from the side of the lathe tailstock to the right end face of the workpiece to be machined through the slide box. After the tool touches the end face of the workpiece to be machined, the tool is slowly fed until the end face of the workpiece to be machined is flat as a whole and then the tool feeding is stopped; Step S3: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece to be machined through the slide box. After touching the end face of the workpiece to be machined, slowly advance the tool until the end face of the workpiece to be machined is flat as a whole, and then stop advancing the tool. Step S4: measuring and calculating the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face of the workpiece to be machined respectively; Step S5: The workpiece to be processed is mounted on the lathe again. The positive tool is slowly moved from the side of the lathe tailstock to the right end face of the workpiece to be processed via the slide box. After the tool touches the end face of the workpiece to be processed, the tool feed amount is measured. The tool feed should be kept slow and steady until the tool feed amount matches the required tool feed amount of the workpiece to be processed. Then the tool feed is stopped. Step S6: Adjust the tool holder to the reverse tool position, and slowly move the reverse tool from the side of the lathe spindle box to the left end face of the workpiece to be processed through the slide box. After it touches the end face of the workpiece to be processed, start measuring the feed amount. Keep the feed slow and steady until the feed amount matches the required feed amount of the workpiece to be processed, and then stop feeding. Step S7: Confirm whether the amount of removal on both sides of the workpiece is consistent with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2. If not, perform machining compensation.

2. The method for turning the end face of the HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the theoretical removal amount Q1 of the left end face of the workpiece to be machined and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the right end face are obtained by the following method: First, measure the total height L of the workpiece to be processed, the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end surface, and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end surface; Calculate the difference between the total height L of the workpiece to be processed and the theoretical height H to obtain the theoretical total removal amount Q; Calculate the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end face and the theoretical distance N; Determine whether the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is within the allowable error range; If the requirements are met, the difference T1 between the distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be machined to the left end face and the theoretical distance N, and the difference T2 between the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be machined to the right end face and the theoretical distance N, are the theoretical removal amount Q1 and the theoretical removal amount Q2 of the left end face of the workpiece to be machined; Among them, the theoretical distance N is the theoretical size from the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the end faces on both sides; the theoretical height H is the theoretical size between the end faces on both sides of the workpiece to be processed.

3. The method for turning the end face of the HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The allowable error range of the difference between the sum of the difference T1 and the difference T2 and the theoretical total removal amount Q is ≤0.05mm.

4. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The distance S1 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the left end face and the distance S2 from the center of the center hole of the workpiece to be processed to the right end face are obtained by the following method: Collect multiple distances S1 to establish sample A, and collect multiple distances S2 to establish sample B; Compare the distance values ​​of sample A and sample B with the theoretical distance N, and filter out distance values ​​with an error greater than 0.1 mm; The remaining distance values ​​in sample A and sample B are averaged to obtain distance S1 and distance S2.

5. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S7, First, measure the actual height of the workpiece after turning, and the actual distance from both end faces to the center hole; Calculate the difference between the actual height and the theoretical height H, and the difference between the actual distance and the theoretical distance N; Compare the calculated results with the theoretical removal amounts Q1 and Q2 to confirm whether they are consistent. If not, perform processing compensation.

6. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering fixture includes a jig, one end of which has a fitting portion adapted to the inner walls of the two ends of the workpiece to be processed, the other end of which is coaxially provided with a tool retreat groove portion, and a clamping portion is coaxially provided on the side of the tool retreat groove portion away from the jig.

7. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fitting portion is in a truncated cone structure, and the large diameter end of the fitting portion is coaxially connected to the mold.

8. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The end of the clamping portion is provided with a positioning hole which is concentric with the mold.

9. The method for turning the end face of an HWR015 superconducting cavity conductor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the undercut portion is smaller than the diameter of the mold, and the diameter of the clamping portion is smaller than the diameter of the undercut portion.

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