High efficiency fractional distillation system and method of designing the same

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of high-efficiency stereoscopic evaporation system and its design method, high-efficiency stereoscopic evaporation system includes evaporation pond, stereoscopic evaporation tower and waste water pipeline, stereoscopic evaporation tower includes pedestal, column, evaporation surface support and evaporation film, the lower part of two columns is connected with pedestal, multiple groups of evaporation surface support are arranged in upper and lower between two columns, evaporation surface support is inclined to set, the outside free end of evaporation surface support is higher than inside connecting end, recessed overflow port is equipped on the side edge of the outside free end of evaporation surface support, upward extending barrier structure is equipped on the inclined edge of the both sides of evaporation surface support, evaporation film is laid on each group of evaporation surface support.The present application will have multiple evaporation surface stereoscopic evaporation tower in evaporation pond carry out series arrangement, arrange into evaporation tower matrix, with evaporation pond together, construct stereoscopic evaporation acceleration system, the system can multiply increase the effective evaporation area of evaporation pond, realize the great promotion of evaporation pond overall evaporation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wastewater treatment technology, specifically a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Uranium ore leaching mines and hydrometallurgical plants generate large amounts of radioactive backwash wastewater and process wastewater during operation. Currently, the treatment of this wastewater in uranium ore leaching mines primarily employs traditional evaporation pond designs. These ponds, constructed on the surface, achieve zero discharge of radioactive wastewater through natural evaporation. The evaporation pond area is determined by the ratio of annual wastewater discharge to local net evaporation, with a reduction factor considered in the calculation. The evaporation pond structure typically combines excavation and filling. First, a certain depth is excavated below the surface according to the calculated evaporation area, forming a partial pond body. Then, the excavated soil is used to build dikes around and inside the pond body, forming the designed depth of the evaporation pond. The interior of the pond is divided into several evaporation units. An impermeable layer and a protective layer are laid on the pond surface, and uranium-containing wastewater flows into the evaporation pond through pipelines.

[0003] Because existing technologies rely solely on natural evaporation, the construction area of ​​the evaporation tanks is large, requiring significant land resources, resulting in high engineering costs and significant difficulties in on-site management. To improve the evaporation capacity of evaporation tanks, some existing technologies employ active acceleration technologies such as atomizing devices, heating devices, blowing devices, and combined devices. However, these active acceleration technologies require continuous power supply to achieve their accelerated evaporation efficiency, resulting in significant energy losses, high operating costs, and difficulty in large-scale deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system and its design method to solve the problems of large construction area, large land occupation, high engineering cost and high energy consumption of existing radioactive wastewater evaporation ponds in in-situ leaching mines and hydrometallurgical plants.

[0005] The present invention is implemented as follows: An efficient three-dimensional evaporation system includes an evaporation pond, three-dimensional evaporation towers, and wastewater pipelines. A plurality of the three-dimensional evaporation towers are arranged in the evaporation pond, and the plurality of three-dimensional evaporation towers are connected in series through the wastewater pipelines; The three-dimensional evaporation tower includes a base, columns, evaporation surface supports, and an evaporation film. The lower portions of two of the columns are connected to the base. Between the two columns, multiple groups of evaporation surface supports are arranged in an up-and-down manner, and the outline of the evaporation surface supports gradually increases from top to bottom. Each group of evaporation surface supports includes two evaporation surface supports symmetrically arranged with respect to the columns. The evaporation surface supports are inclined, and the outer free end of the evaporation surface support is higher than the inner connection end. A downward concave overflow port is provided on the side of the outer free end of the evaporation surface support. On the inclined sides on both sides of the evaporation surface support, a blocking structure extending upward is provided. An evaporation film is laid on each group of evaporation surface supports, and the periphery of the evaporation film is detachably fixed on the evaporation surface support; The wastewater pipeline crosses above the three-dimensional evaporation tower, and a plurality of liquid discharge holes are provided on the wastewater pipeline.

[0006] As a further improvement, the evaporation surface support is hinged to the column, and a support member for supporting and controlling the inclination angle of the evaporation surface support is provided between the column and the evaporation surface support.

[0007] As a further improvement, a top cross beam is provided between the tops of the two columns, and a plurality of pipe supports are arranged along the length direction of the top cross beam. The wastewater pipeline is arranged in the pipe supports.

[0008] As a further improvement, the blocking structure is a plurality of blocking column heads, and the height of the blocking column heads gradually decreases from the inside to the outside along the inclined side of the evaporation surface support, and the distance between adjacent two blocking column heads gradually increases.

[0009] As a further improvement, the three-dimensional evaporation towers are distributed in a rectangular array in the evaporation pond.

[0010] As a further improvement, the evaporation surface support is a "C"-shaped frame structure.

[0011] The present invention also discloses a design method for an efficient three-dimensional evaporation system, including the following steps.

[0012] Step 1: Collect data on the average annual evaporation and rainfall in the project area, the target evaporation volume of uranium hydrometallurgy plant wastewater, and the area data of the proposed evaporation pond.

[0013] Step 2: Initially determine the floor area of a single three-dimensional evaporation tower, including the floor area of the largest evaporation surface of the three-dimensional evaporation tower and the interval area between the three-dimensional evaporation towers. After deducting the reserved area in the evaporation pond, calculate the number of three-dimensional evaporation towers arranged in the efficient three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0014] Step 3: Based on the footprint of a single three-dimensional evaporator determined in Step 2, formulate the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator, including the length of the evaporation surface support, the number of evaporation surface support layers, the angle between the evaporation surface support and the horizontal plane, the width of each layer of evaporation surface support on one side, the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support to the liquid surface of the evaporation pool, the distance between each layer of evaporation surface support, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing between adjacent three-dimensional evaporators. This will result in the three-dimensional evaporator with the largest total evaporation surface area. Calculate the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system based on the basic technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator. Compare the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system with the target evaporation rate of wastewater to determine whether the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system can meet the required target evaporation rate of wastewater.

[0015] Step 4: If the required wastewater evaporation rate can be met by the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, then continue to optimize the design of the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower, and adjust the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower so that the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is close to and greater than the wastewater target evaporation rate.

[0016] In the above steps, the calculation method for the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is as follows:

[0017] a. Calculate the following factors based on the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator: the influence coefficient of the evaporator support angle on the evaporation capacity of the evaporator surface inside the evaporator, the influence coefficient of the water surface of the ground evaporation pool on the evaporation capacity of each layer of the evaporator surface inside the evaporator, the influence coefficient of the upper layer of the evaporator surface on the evaporator surface of this layer, the influence coefficient of the evaporator on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporator surface below it, and the influence coefficient of the evaporator on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporator surface in the open area between the evaporators.

[0018] b. Calculate the total evaporation capacity of the evaporation tower matrix, the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers, and the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool outside the evaporation tower matrix based on the evaporation capacity influence coefficient obtained in step a.

[0019] c. Add up the evaporation capacities of each part in step b to obtain the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0020] The influence coefficient of the evaporation surface support angle on the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where φ is the angle between the evaporator support and the horizontal plane.

[0023] The influence coefficient of the water surface in the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of each evaporation surface in the evaporation tower is:

[0024]

[0025] Where, βi ρ is the influence coefficient of the water surface of the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of the i-th evaporation surface in the evaporation tower; q is the influence coefficient of the local evaporation rate on the evaporation reduction effect (q = 0.98 when the annual evaporation rate is ≥ 3000 mm, q = 0.95 when 3000 mm > annual evaporation rate ≥ 2000 mm, and q = 0.92 when the annual evaporation rate is < 2000 mm); h i Let be the distance from the support of the i-th evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0026] The influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporator surface in the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the lower evaporator surface is:

[0027]

[0028] Where, γ i Let γ be the influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporating surface in the evaporation tower on the i-th evaporating surface. For the topmost evaporating surface, γ = 1.0; b i denoted as , where is the width of one side of the i-th layer of evaporation surface support from bottom to top inside the evaporation tower; l is the length of the evaporation surface support inside the evaporation tower; and Δh is the distance between the evaporation surface supports of each layer inside the evaporation tower.

[0029] The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below is:

[0030]

[0031] Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0032] The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank in the open area between the evaporation towers is:

[0033]

[0034] Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0035] The surface area of ​​the evaporation pool in the surrounding open space controlled by a single evaporation tower is:

[0036] S M =ld w +2b1d s +d w d s ;

[0037] Where, d s d represents the longitudinal spacing between each evaporator tower; wdenoted as lateral spacing between each evaporator; l is the length of the evaporator surface support inside the evaporator; b1 is the single-side width of the first layer of evaporator surface support from bottom to top inside the evaporator.

[0038] The total evaporation capacity of the evaporator array is:

[0039]

[0040] Where k is the evaporation reduction factor; n is the number of evaporators contained in the evaporator matrix; S Ti Let S be the area of ​​the i-th evaporation surface from bottom to top in a single evaporation tower. Ti =2b i l; E represents the local average annual evaporation; R represents the local average annual rainfall.

[0041] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below the evaporation tower matrix is:

[0042] EM S =knδS S (ER);

[0043] Among them, S S S represents the surface area of ​​the evaporation tank covered by a single evaporation tower. S =2b1l.

[0044] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers is:

[0045] EM M =knεS M (ER).

[0046] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank outside the evaporation tower matrix is:

[0047] EM E =k[Sn(S S +S M )](ER).

[0048] The total evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional evaporation system, consisting of the evaporation tower matrix and the evaporation pool, is:

[0049] EM = EM T +EM S +EM M +EM E .

[0050] This invention constructs an environmentally friendly, efficient, and energy-free three-dimensional evaporation system suitable for dry, low-rain, and low-wind areas. Through the matrix arrangement of a simple, lightweight, and flexible three-dimensional evaporation tower, the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporation pool is transformed from the original "one-layer pool" to "multi-layer pool", which multiplies the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporation pool and greatly improves the evaporation efficiency of the evaporation pool. This saves land resources and engineering investment and facilitates the later management of the evaporation pool.

[0051] The three-dimensional evaporation tower of this invention adopts an easily disassembled, reusable frame structure, which is simple to manufacture, has low engineering costs, and is easy to construct and arrange. By forming a three-dimensional evaporation acceleration system through the stacked, suspended transparent thin-layer evaporation liquid surface, the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporation pool is greatly increased, thereby significantly improving the evaporation efficiency of the evaporation pool system.

[0052] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a fitting calculation formula for the evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional evaporation acceleration system, providing a mathematical solution for the design and application of evaporation tower matrices.

[0053] Compared with the traditional evaporation pond design used in in-situ leaching mines in the uranium mining and metallurgy industry, this invention can significantly improve the evaporation efficiency of the evaporation pond, greatly reduce the project's land area and engineering investment, and facilitate the later management of the evaporation facilities. Compared with the active acceleration technologies for evaporation capacity used in existing evaporation ponds, such as atomizing devices, heating devices, blowing devices, and composite devices, this invention does not require additional energy consumption. It only requires a certain elevation difference, and the waste liquid to be treated flows by gravity from the hydrometallurgical plant into the evaporation system and is distributed to all evaporation surfaces in all evaporation towers. The evaporation capacity is significantly improved, and it can be used on a large scale. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a top view of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a side view of the evaporation tower in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a top view of the evaporation tower in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a front view of the evaporation tower in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the evaporation film in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of the present invention.

[0059] In the diagram: 1. Evaporation tank; 2. Three-dimensional evaporation tower; 3. Wastewater pipe; 2-1. Base; 2-2. Column; 2-3. Evaporation surface support; 2-4. Support rod; 2-5. Barrier column head; 2-6. Overflow port; 2-7. Pipe support; 2-8. Evaporation film; 2-9. Clamp; 2-10. Crossbeam; 3-1. Drain hole. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment is a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, mainly including an evaporation tank 1, a three-dimensional evaporation tower 2, and a wastewater pipeline 3. A novel evaporation tower with multiple evaporation surfaces is arranged in series within the evaporation tank 1 to form an evaporation tower matrix, thus constructing a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system together with the evaporation tank 1. This system can multiply the effective evaporation area of ​​the evaporation tank 1, achieving a significant improvement in the overall evaporation efficiency of the evaporation tank 1.

[0064] The three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 includes parts such as a base 2-1, columns 2-2, an evaporation surface support 2-3, and an evaporation film 2-8. The lower parts of the two columns 2-2 are connected to the base 2-1. A plurality of groups of evaporation surface supports 2-3 arranged vertically are provided between the two columns 2-2, and the outline of the evaporation surface support 2-3 gradually increases from top to bottom. Each group of evaporation surface supports 2-3 includes two evaporation surface supports 2-3 symmetrically arranged with respect to the column 2-2. The evaporation surface support 2-3 is inclined, and the outer free end of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is higher than the inner connection end. A concave overflow port 2-6 is provided on the side of the outer free end of the evaporation surface support 2-3. Retaining structures extending upward are provided on the inclined sides on both sides of the evaporation surface support 2-3. An evaporation film 2-8 is laid on each group of evaporation surface supports 2-3, and the periphery of the evaporation film 2-8 is detachably fixed to the evaporation surface support 2-3.

[0065] Among them, the base 2-1 is a frame structure. The frame of the base 2-1 can be made of circular stainless steel pipe materials. The width of the frame of the base 2-1 is generally 1.2 m to 2.0 m, and the length of the frame of the base 2-1 is generally 1.6 m to 2.4 m. The planar projection shape of the frame of the base 2-1 is a "day" character shape. The various sections of steel pipes are connected by detachable connection methods such as nut joints, sleeve joints, and bolt joints. To ensure the stability of the overall structure, diagonal bracing is provided between the crossbar in the width direction of the base 2-1 and the vertical column 2-2. When necessary, the frame of the base 2-1 can be anchored in the evaporation pond 1, and sandbags are pressed on the rod body of the frame of the base 2-1 as a counterweight to balance the influence of wind force.

[0066] The evaporation surface support 2-3 is a "U" - shaped frame structure. The planar projection shape of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is an open rectangle. The evaporation surface support 2-3 can also be made of circular stainless steel pipe materials. The length of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is the same as the length of the frame of the base 2-1. The width (projection width) of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is generally 50 cm to 90 cm.

[0067] The evaporation surface supports 2-3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the column 2-2 at intervals of 20 cm to 50 cm in the height direction by hinge methods such as pins. A support member for supporting and controlling the inclination angle of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is provided between the column 2-2 and the evaporation surface support 2-3. The support member is specifically a support rod 2-4. A jack for connecting the support rod 2-4 is provided at the lower part of the support rod body in the width direction of the evaporation surface support 2-3. The support rod 2-4 is supported in the jacks of the column 2-2 and the evaporation surface support 2-3 to support the evaporation surface support 2-3. The included angle between the support rod 2-4 and the column 2-2 generally takes 40° to 60°, and the outer side of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is slightly higher than the inner side, so that the angle between the evaporation surface support 2-3 and the horizontal plane is 1° to 6°. The strut of the evaporation surface support 2-3 is made of cast iron rods or alloy rods treated with rust prevention.

[0068] The width of the evaporation surface support 2-3 on one side decreases by 3cm to 10cm from bottom to top, and the number of layers of evaporation surface support 2-3 is generally controlled to be within 8.

[0069] The evaporation surface support 2-3 has a baffle structure on the support rod in the width direction and an overflow port 2-6 in the middle of the support rod in the length direction. A matching evaporation film 2-8 is laid on the evaporation surface support 2-3. After wastewater is injected, a water storage surface similar to a sloping roof is formed on the evaporation surface support 2-3. The horizontal surface of the water storage surface is the evaporation surface. Excess wastewater overflows downward through the overflow port 2-6 and falls into the evaporation film 2-8 on the lower evaporation surface support 2-3. The wastewater overflowing from the bottommost evaporation surface support 2-3 falls directly into the evaporation tank 1.

[0070] The evaporation film 2-8 is made of high-strength transparent PVC film with a thickness of 0.05mm to 1.0mm. The length of the evaporation film 2-8 should be at least 10cm greater than the span of the two evaporation surface supports 2-3 on both sides, and the width of the evaporation film 2-8 should be at least 16cm greater than the length of the evaporation surface supports 2-3, so that the evaporation film 2-8 can cover the two evaporation surface supports 2-3 at the same height. The four sides of the evaporation film 2-8 are fixed to the evaporation surface supports 2-3 at intervals of 10cm to 20cm using "Ω"-shaped clamps 2-9. The clamps 2-9 can be made of PVC or rubber. If necessary, a layer of large-pore lightweight steel wire mesh can be laid on the evaporation surface supports 2-3 as a support surface for the evaporation film 2-8. Due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of the PVC film, wastewater scaling will not adhere to the evaporation film 2-8, but a certain amount of sediment will be generated on the evaporation film 2-8. The sediment on the evaporation film 2-8 can be rinsed periodically with a water gun.

[0071] Specifically, the barrier structure consists of several barrier posts 2-5. The height of the support rods along the width of the evaporation surface support 2-3 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside of the barrier posts 2-5, and the distance between two adjacent barrier posts 2-5 gradually increases. The evaporation film 2-8 is fixed to the barrier posts 2-5 by “Ω” shaped clamps 2-9.

[0072] To facilitate the installation of hinge joints, the two columns 2-2 are made of square stainless steel tubing. The columns 2-2 are generally 1.6m to 2.4m high. The outer side of the columns 2-2 is equipped with hinge joints for the evaporator surface support 2-3 and strut holes for the evaporator surface support 2-3. The columns 2-2 are rigidly connected to both ends of the frame beam 2-10 of the base 2-1 through detachable connection methods such as sleeve joints and plug joints.

[0073] A top beam 2-10 is installed between the tops of the two columns 2-2. Several pipe supports 2-7 are installed along the length of the top beam 2-10, and the wastewater pipe 3 is installed in the pipe supports 2-7. The top beam 2-10 is made of square stainless steel pipe and is rigidly connected to the tops of the two columns 2-2 through detachable connection methods such as sleeve joints and plug joints.

[0074] Pipe supports 2-7 are fixed to the top beam 2-10 by detachable rigid connections such as threaded joints and sleeve joints, with a spacing of 10cm to 25cm between pipe supports 2-7.

[0075] Wastewater pipe 3 runs horizontally above the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 and is installed on pipe support 2-7. Several drain holes 3-1 are evenly opened on the wastewater pipe 3.

[0076] The three-dimensional evaporation towers 2 are arranged in a rectangular array within the evaporation pool 1. All the three-dimensional evaporation towers 2 within the evaporation pool 1 are connected in series via wastewater pipes 3. The wastewater pipes 3 are connected to the wastewater discharge outlet of the uranium smelter. Wastewater is transported through the wastewater pipes 3 to the top of each three-dimensional evaporation tower 2. The wastewater is discharged through the drain hole 3-1 and falls into the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 or the evaporation pool 1. The wastewater falling into the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 is injected from top to bottom onto the evaporation film 2-8 on each evaporation surface support 2-3, forming a three-dimensional multi-layered evaporation surface, which greatly increases the area of ​​the evaporation surface.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This embodiment is a design method for a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, which includes the following steps.

[0079] Step 1: Collect data on the annual average evaporation and rainfall in the project area, the target evaporation of wastewater from the uranium hydrometallurgical plant, and the area of ​​the proposed evaporation pond 1.

[0080] Step 2: Preliminarily determine the footprint of a single three-dimensional evaporator 2, including the footprint of the largest evaporation surface of the three-dimensional evaporator 2 and the area of ​​the interval between the three-dimensional evaporator 2. After deducting the area retained in the evaporation pool 1, calculate the number of three-dimensional evaporator 2 arranged in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0081] Step 3: Based on the footprint of the single three-dimensional evaporator 2 determined in Step 2, determine the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator 2, including the length of the evaporation surface support 2-3, the number of layers of the evaporation surface support 2-3, the angle between the evaporation surface support 2-3 and the horizontal plane, the width of one side of each layer of the evaporation surface support 2-3, the distance from the first layer of the evaporation surface support 2-3 to the liquid surface of the evaporation pool 1, the distance between each layer of the evaporation surface support 2-3, and the longitudinal and transverse spacing between adjacent evaporator towers, to obtain the evaporator tower with the largest total evaporation surface area. Calculate the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system based on the basic technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator 2, and compare the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system with the target evaporation rate of wastewater to determine whether the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system can meet the required target evaporation rate of wastewater.

[0082] Since the footprint of a single three-dimensional evaporator tower 2 was preliminarily determined in step two, the dimensions of the lowest evaporation surface of the three-dimensional evaporator tower 2, as well as the lateral and longitudinal spacing between adjacent evaporator towers, were also preliminarily determined. However, there are also limitations on the spacing between adjacent evaporation surface support layers 2-3 and the difference in horizontal width between adjacent single-sided evaporation surface support layers 2-3. Therefore, to obtain the maximum evaporation surface area for a single three-dimensional evaporator tower 2, the maximum number of evaporation surface support layers 2-3 is generally selected. If the three-dimensional evaporator tower 2 with the maximum evaporation surface area can meet the required wastewater evaporation target, then the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system of this invention can be applied in the project. To save costs and facilitate construction and daily maintenance, the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator tower 2 need further optimization. The main optimization method is to reduce the number of evaporation surface support layers 2-3.

[0083] Step 4: If the required wastewater evaporation rate can be met by the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, then continue to optimize the design of the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2, and adjust the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 so that the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is close to and greater than the wastewater target evaporation rate.

[0084] When the number of evaporation surface supports 2-3 in the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 is minimized, and the evaporation capacity of the efficient three-dimensional evaporation system can meet the requirements of the target evaporation volume of wastewater, the cost of the entire system is the lowest, which is the optimal solution.

[0085] To calculate the evaporation capacity of a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, quantitative calculations using mathematical methods are necessary. The evaporation tower matrix and evaporation pool 1 together constitute the three-dimensional evaporation acceleration system. The actual evaporation capacity of any evaporation surface within this system is influenced by various factors, such as the angle between the evaporation surface support 2-3 and the horizontal plane, the distance between the evaporation surface and the large water surface of evaporation pool 1, the distance between the evaporation surface and the upper evaporation surface, and the spacing between the evaporation towers. By fitting data from comparative field experiments, the evaporation capacity influence coefficients of the main influencing factors are determined. These coefficients are then used to correct the evaporation capacity of each evaporation surface, ultimately yielding the total evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0086] The calculation method for the evaporation capacity of a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system includes the following steps.

[0087] a. Calculate the following factors based on the technical parameters of the evaporator: the influence coefficient of the evaporator support angle 2-3 on the evaporation capacity of the evaporator surface inside the evaporator; the influence coefficient of the water surface of the ground evaporation pool on the evaporation capacity of each layer of the evaporator surface inside the evaporator; the influence coefficient of the upper layer of the evaporator surface on the evaporation capacity of its own layer; the influence coefficient of the evaporator on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporation pool below it; and the influence coefficient of the evaporator on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporator in the open area between the evaporators.

[0088] b. Calculate the total evaporation capacity of the evaporation tower matrix, the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers, and the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool outside the evaporation tower matrix based on the evaporation capacity influence coefficient obtained in step a.

[0089] c. Add up the evaporation capacities of each part in step b to obtain the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0090] The influence coefficient of the evaporation surface support angle on the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Wherein, φ is the angle between the evaporation surface support 2-3 and the horizontal plane.

[0093] The influence coefficient of the water surface in the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of each evaporation surface in the evaporation tower is:

[0094]

[0095] Where, β i ρ is the influence coefficient of the water surface of the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of the i-th evaporation surface in the evaporation tower; q is the influence coefficient of the local evaporation rate on the evaporation reduction effect (q = 0.98 when the annual evaporation rate is ≥ 3000 mm, q = 0.95 when 3000 mm > annual evaporation rate ≥ 2000 mm, and q = 0.92 when the annual evaporation rate is < 2000 mm); h iLet be the distance from the support of the i-th evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0096] The influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporator surface in the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the lower evaporator surface is:

[0097]

[0098] Where, γ i Let γ be the influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporating surface in the evaporation tower on the i-th evaporating surface. For the topmost evaporating surface, γ = 1.0; b i denoted as , where is the width of one side of the i-th layer of evaporation surface support from bottom to top inside the evaporation tower; l is the length of the evaporation surface support inside the evaporation tower; and Δh is the distance between the evaporation surface supports of each layer inside the evaporation tower.

[0099] The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below is:

[0100]

[0101] Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0102] The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank in the open area between the evaporation towers is:

[0103]

[0104] Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

[0105] The surface area of ​​the evaporation pool in the surrounding open space controlled by a single evaporation tower is:

[0106] S M =ld w +2b1d s +d w d s ;

[0107] Where, d s d represents the longitudinal spacing between each evaporator tower; w denoted as lateral spacing between each evaporator; l is the length of the evaporator surface support inside the evaporator; b1 is the single-side width of the first layer of evaporator surface support from bottom to top inside the evaporator.

[0108] The total evaporation capacity of the evaporator array is:

[0109]

[0110] Where k is the evaporation reduction factor; n is the number of evaporators contained in the evaporator matrix; S Ti Let S be the area of ​​the i-th evaporation surface from bottom to top in a single evaporation tower. Ti =2b i l; E represents the local average annual evaporation; R represents the local average annual rainfall.

[0111] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below the evaporation tower matrix is:

[0112] EM S =knδS S (ER);

[0113] Among them, S S S represents the surface area of ​​the evaporation tank covered by a single evaporation tower. S =2b1l.

[0114] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers is:

[0115] EM M =knεS M (ER).

[0116] The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank outside the evaporation tower matrix is:

[0117] EM E =k[Sn(S S +S M )](ER).

[0118] The total evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional evaporation system, consisting of the evaporation tower matrix and the evaporation pool, is:

[0119] EM = EM T +EM S +EM M +EM E .

[0120] By substituting the proposed technical parameters of the evaporator into the above formula, the total evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional evaporation system can be obtained.

[0121] Taking a local uranium leaching mine as an example, the above method is used to design a three-dimensional evaporation system.

[0122] The hydrometallurgical plant of the in-situ uranium leaching mine discharges 16,400 m³ of process wastewater. 3 All wastewater is discharged into the evaporation tank for natural evaporation, achieving zero wastewater discharge. The target evaporation rate is 16,400 m³. 3The project site has an average annual rainfall of 860 mm and an average annual evaporation of 2970 mm. Assuming an evaporation capacity reduction factor of 0.8, the required projected area for a traditional evaporation pond is approximately 16400 ÷ (2970 - 860) × 1000 ÷ 0.8 ≈ 9720 m². 2 However, the actual usable construction area at the project site is only 3900m². 2 The annual evaporation capacity of this evaporation pond is (2970-860)÷1000×0.8×3900=6583.2m². 3 The gap between the target evaporation rate and the actual evaporation rate is 16400 - 6583.2 = 9816.8 m³. 3 To achieve the target evaporation rate, a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system was designed to meet the limitations of the evaporation pond's construction area.

[0123] 1) Preliminary calculation of the footprint of the evaporator tower

[0124] To facilitate the operation and management of the three-dimensional evaporation tower, the size of the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 should not be too large. The preliminary plan is to make the plan dimensions of the evaporation tower 1.8m×1.2m, that is, the length of the first layer of evaporation surface support 2-3 is 1.8m and the vertical projection width is 1.2m. After considering the interval distance, its footprint is 2.3m×1.7m. The horizontal and vertical spacing between each three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 is 50cm.

[0125] 2) Calculate the number of evaporation towers in the three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system.

[0126] Approximately 20% of the area within evaporation tank 1 is reserved for future use by adding a three-dimensional evaporation tower 2. Therefore, the actual usable area within evaporation tank 1 is 3900 × (1 - 0.2) = 3120 m². 2 Therefore, the number of three-dimensional evaporation towers 2 that can be placed in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is approximately 798 (3120 ÷ (2.3 × 1.7)), which is rounded up to 800.

[0127] 3) Verify the feasibility of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system

[0128] First, a large-scale three-dimensional evaporation tower scheme is proposed to verify the feasibility of a three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system in this project. The verification scheme is as follows: eight layers of evaporation surface supports 2-3 are set on the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2, with the angle between the evaporation surface supports 2-3 and the horizontal plane being 5°; the width of one side of the first layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 is 60cm, and the width of one side of the evaporation surface supports 2-3 above the first layer decreases by 3cm respectively; the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 to the bottom of the evaporation tank 1 is 60cm, and the distance between each layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 above the first layer is 20cm.

[0129] According to local hydrological data, the average annual evaporation E = 2970 mm and the average annual rainfall R = 860 mm. Taking the evaporation capacity reduction factor k = 0.8, the influence coefficient of local evaporation on the evaporation reduction effect q = 0.95 (q = 0.98 when the annual evaporation is ≥ 3000 mm, q = 0.95 when 3000 mm > annual evaporation is ≥ 2000 mm, and q = 0.92 when the annual evaporation is < 2000 mm). Based on the large-size three-dimensional evaporation tower scheme, the geometric parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 are shown in Table 1.

[0130] Table 1. Geometric parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator in the test plan.

[0131] Calculation results 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0.2 1.8 0.6 Coefficient Name <![CDATA[b2(m)]]> <![CDATA[b3(m)]]> <![CDATA[b4(m)]]> <![CDATA[b5(m)]]> <![CDATA[b6(m)]]> <![CDATA[b7(m)]]> <![CDATA[b8(m)]]> φ(°) m (layer) <![CDATA[d w (m)]]> <![CDATA[d s (m)]]> Calculation results 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39 5 8 0.5 0.5

[0132] Based on the calculation formula above, the reduction coefficients of the evaporation surface supports 2-3 of each layer and the water surface of the evaporation pool 1 in different areas of the test scheme can be calculated as shown in Package 2.

[0133] Table 2. Influence coefficients of evaporation capacity of each layer of evaporation surface support and different areas in the test plan.

[0134] Calculation results 0.982 0.881 0.917 0.931 0.938 0.942 0.944 0.946 0.947 0.887 Coefficient Name <![CDATA[γ2]]> <![CDATA[γ3]]> <![CDATA[γ4]]> <![CDATA[γ5]]> <![CDATA[γ6]]> <![CDATA[γ7]]> <![CDATA[γ8]]> δ ε Calculation results 0.893 0.899 0.905 0.910 0.916 0.922 0.928 0.812 0.911

[0135] Based on the calculation formula and the calculation results in Table 2, the evaporation capacity of each region of the three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system using the test scheme can be further obtained as shown in Table 3.

[0136] Table 3 shows the evaporation capacity of each region in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system established in the test plan.

[0137] <![CDATA[Calculation result (m 3 / a)]]> 15897 2369 2154 1303 21723

[0138] As shown in Table 3, the total evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system using the test scheme is 21723 m³. 3 16400m 3 Therefore, a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is feasible in this project.

[0139] 4) Evaporator tower design optimization

[0140] Based on the test results in step 3), it can be seen that the evaporation margin of the test scheme is too large. In order to simplify the structure of the three-dimensional evaporator tower 2, facilitate construction and daily maintenance management, and save investment, the three-dimensional evaporator tower 2 scheme needs to be further optimized.

[0141] Through trial calculations, the optimal number of evaporation surface supports 2-3 in the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 was determined to be 5 layers, with the angle between the evaporation surface supports 2-3 and the horizontal plane being 5°. The width of one side of the first layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 is 60cm, and the width of one side of the evaporation surface supports 2-3 above the first layer decreases by 3cm respectively. The distance from the first layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 to the bottom of the evaporation tank 1 is 60cm, the distance between each layer of evaporation surface supports 2-3 above the first layer is 20cm, and the horizontal and vertical spacing between each three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 is 50cm. The optimized geometric parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 are shown in Table 4.

[0142] Table 4 shows the geometric parameters of the three-dimensional evaporator in the optimized scheme.

[0143] Calculation results 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2 1.8 0.6 Coefficient Name <![CDATA[b2(m)]]> <![CDATA[b3(m)]]> <![CDATA[b4(m)]]> <![CDATA[b5(m)]]> φ(°) m (layer) <![CDATA[d w (m)]]> <![CDATA[d s (m)]]> Calculation results 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 5 8 0.5 0.5

[0144] Based on the calculation formula, the influence coefficients of the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface supports 2-3 of each layer of the optimized three-dimensional evaporation tower 2 and the water surface of the evaporation pool 1 in different areas are shown in Table 5.

[0145] Table 5 shows the reduction coefficients for each evaporator layer and different areas of the optimized evaporator tower.

[0146] Calculation results 0.982 0.881 0.917 0.931 0.938 0.942 0.887 Coefficient Name <![CDATA[γ2]]> <![CDATA[γ3]]> <![CDATA[γ4]]> <![CDATA[γ5]]> δ ε Calculation results 0.893 0.899 0.905 0.910 0.839 0.933

[0147] Based on the calculation formula and the calculation results in Table 5, the evaporation capacity of each region of the three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system using the optimized evaporation tower scheme is further obtained as shown in Table 6.

[0148] Table 6 shows the evaporation capacity of each region in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system established by the optimized three-dimensional evaporator scheme.

[0149] <![CDATA[Calculation result (m 3 / a)]]> 10655 2447 2204 1303 16609

[0150] As shown in Table 6, the total evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system using the optimized three-dimensional evaporation tower scheme is 16609 m³. 3 / a, which just satisfies 16400m 3 / a annual evaporation requirement.

[0151] 5) Comparison of evaporation capacity between high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system and traditional evaporation pond

[0152] The project was ultimately located at 3900m. 2 Evaporation tank 1 is equipped with 800 five-story-high evaporation towers connected in series to form a three-dimensional evaporation acceleration system. After two years of testing, the system's evaporation capacity can meet the requirements for treating industrial wastewater. In this project, the evaporation capacity using the traditional evaporation tank scheme is 9720 m³. 3 After applying a three-dimensional high-efficiency evaporation system in evaporation tank 1, its evaporation capacity reached 16609 m³. 3 / a, the evaporation capacity increased by nearly 1.8 times. It can be seen that the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system can multiply the evaporation capacity of the limited area evaporation pond 1, which greatly saves land resources and engineering investment, and also effectively reduces the potential pollution range.

[0153] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, characterized in that, It includes an evaporation pond, a three-dimensional evaporation tower, and wastewater pipes. A plurality of the three-dimensional evaporation towers are arranged in the evaporation pond, and the plurality of the three-dimensional evaporation towers are connected in series through the wastewater pipes; the three-dimensional evaporation tower includes a base, columns, evaporation surface supports, and an evaporation film. The lower parts of two of the columns are connected to the base. A plurality of groups of evaporation surface supports arranged vertically are provided between the two columns, and the outline of the evaporation surface supports gradually increases from top to bottom. Each group of evaporation surface supports includes two evaporation surface supports symmetrically arranged with respect to the columns. The evaporation surface supports are inclined, and the outer free end of the evaporation surface support is higher than the inner connection end. A downward concave overflow port is provided on the side of the outer free end of the evaporation surface support. Retaining structures extending upward are provided on the inclined sides on both sides of the evaporation surface support. An evaporation film is laid on each group of evaporation surface supports, and the periphery of the evaporation film is detachably fixed on the evaporation surface supports; the wastewater pipe crosses above the three-dimensional evaporation tower, and a plurality of liquid discharge holes are provided in the wastewater pipe.

2. The high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation surface support is hinged to the column, and a support member for supporting and controlling the inclination angle of the evaporation surface support is provided between the column and the evaporation surface support.

3. The high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A top cross beam is provided between the tops of the two columns, and a plurality of pipe supports are arranged along the length direction of the top cross beam. The wastewater pipe is arranged in the pipe supports.

4. The high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining structure is a plurality of retaining column heads, and the height of the retaining column heads gradually decreases from the inside to the outside along the inclined side of the evaporation surface support, and the distance between adjacent retaining column heads gradually increases.

5. The high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional evaporation towers are distributed in a rectangular array in the evaporation pond.

6. The high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation surface support is a "C"-shaped frame structure.

7. A design method for a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect data on the average annual evaporation and rainfall in the project area, the target evaporation volume of uranium hydrometallurgy plant wastewater, and the area data of the proposed evaporation pond. Step 2: Initially determine the floor area dimensions of a single three-dimensional evaporation tower, including the floor area of the largest evaporation surface of the three-dimensional evaporation tower and the interval area between the three-dimensional evaporation towers. After deducting the reserved area in the evaporation pond, calculate the number of three-dimensional evaporation towers arranged in the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system. Step 3: Based on the floor area dimensions of a single three-dimensional evaporation tower determined in Step 2, determine the technical parameters of the evaporation tower, including the length of the evaporation surface support, the number of layers of the evaporation surface support, the angle between the evaporation surface support and the horizontal plane, the unilateral width of each layer of the evaporation surface support, the distance from the first layer of the evaporation surface support to the liquid level of the evaporation pond, the distance between each layer of the evaporation surface supports, and the longitudinal and lateral distances between adjacent three-dimensional evaporation towers, to obtain the three-dimensional evaporation tower with the largest total evaporation surface area. Calculate the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system according to the basic technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower, and compare the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system with the target evaporation volume of the wastewater to determine whether the required wastewater target evaporation volume can be met by the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system. Step 4: If the required wastewater evaporation rate can be met by the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system, then continue to optimize the design of the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower, and adjust the technical parameters of the three-dimensional evaporation tower so that the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is close to and greater than the wastewater target evaporation rate.

8. The design method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation method for the evaporation capacity of a high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system is as follows: a. Calculate the following coefficients based on the technical parameters of the evaporation tower: the influence coefficient of the evaporation surface support angle on the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower; the influence coefficient of the water surface of the ground evaporation pool on the evaporation capacity of each layer of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower; the influence coefficient of the upper layer of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface of this layer; the influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporation pool below it; and the influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface of the evaporation pool in the open area between the evaporation towers. b. Calculate the total evaporation capacity of the evaporation tower matrix, the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers, and the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool outside the evaporation tower matrix based on the evaporation capacity influence coefficient obtained in step a. c. Add up the evaporation capacities of each part in step b to obtain the evaporation capacity of the high-efficiency three-dimensional evaporation system.

9. The design method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The influence coefficient of the evaporation surface support angle on the evaporation capacity of the evaporation surface inside the evaporation tower is: Where φ is the angle between the evaporator support and the horizontal plane; The influence coefficient of the water surface in the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of each evaporation surface in the evaporation tower is: Where, β i denoted as h, where h is the coefficient of influence of the water surface of the ground evaporation pond on the evaporation capacity of the i-th evaporation surface in the evaporation tower; q is the coefficient of influence of local evaporation on evaporation reduction, where q = 0.98 when the annual evaporation is ≥ 3000 mm, q = 0.95 when 3000 mm > annual evaporation is ≥ 2000 mm, and q = 0.92 when the annual evaporation is < 2000 mm; i Let be the distance from the i-th layer of the evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface in the evaporation pool; The influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporator surface in the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the lower evaporator surface is: Where, γ i Let γ be the influence coefficient of the evaporation capacity of the upper evaporating surface in the evaporation tower on the i-th evaporating surface. For the topmost evaporating surface, γ = 1.0; b i Let be the width of one side of the i-th layer of evaporation surface support from bottom to top in the evaporation tower; l is the length of the evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower; Δh is the distance between the evaporation surface supports of each layer in the evaporation tower. The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below is: Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool. The influence coefficient of the evaporation tower on the evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank in the open area between the evaporation towers is: Where m is the total number of evaporation surface support layers in a single evaporation tower, and h1 is the distance from the first layer of evaporation surface support in the evaporation tower to the water surface of the evaporation pool.

10. The design method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The surface area of ​​the evaporation pool in the surrounding open space controlled by a single evaporation tower is: S M =ld w +2b1d s +d w d s ; Where, d s d represents the longitudinal spacing between each evaporator tower; w denoted as lateral spacing between each evaporator; l is the length of the evaporator surface support inside the evaporator; b1 is the width of one side of the first layer of evaporator surface support from bottom to top inside the evaporator. The total evaporation capacity of the evaporator array is: Where k is the evaporation reduction factor; n is the number of evaporators contained in the evaporator matrix; S Ti Let S be the area of ​​the i-th evaporation surface from bottom to top in a single evaporation tower. Ti =2b i l; E represents the local average annual evaporation; R represents the local average annual rainfall; The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank below the evaporation tower matrix is: IN S =knδS S (ER); Among them, S S S represents the surface area of ​​the evaporation tank covered by a single evaporation tower. S =2b1l; The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation pool between adjacent evaporation towers is: IN M =knεS M (ER); The evaporation capacity of the liquid surface in the evaporation tank outside the evaporation tower matrix is: EM E =k[Sn(S S +S M )](ER); The total evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional evaporation system, consisting of the evaporation tower matrix and the evaporation pool, is: EM=EM T +EM S +EM M +EM E .

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