Pollen activation solution

Abstract

The pollen activation solution (1) contains an aqueous solution containing a substance for activating the germination of pollen and the elongation of a pollen tube, and a powdered carbon-constituting substance added to the aqueous solution. The carbon-constituting material is not activated. For example, sucrose, boric acid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, gelatin or the like can be used as a substance for activating the germination of pollen and the elongation of pollen tubes. For example, a bamboo leaf charcoal powder obtained by pulverizing bamboo leaf charcoal can be used as the powdered carbon constituent material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pollen activation solution. Background Art

[0002] In fruit cultivation, gardening, and the like, when pollen is supplied to the pistils of plants manually or mechanically, a method is known in which the pollen is dispersed in a pollen activation solution for activating the pollen and then sprayed.

[0003] As an example of such a pollen activation solution, Patent Document 1 discloses an aqueous pollen preparation for improving pollen germination rates. The preparation contains sucrose and sorbitol as essential ingredients, and also contains proline. Patent Document 1 also discloses that the addition of a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether to the aqueous pollen preparation more reliably achieves uniform dispersion of pollen within the preparation, the addition of peach resin more reliably enhances adhesion to the stigma of flowers, and the addition of an edible red pigment enhances visibility of floral organ attachment.

[0004] Prior art literature Patent Literature Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-275252 Summary of the Invention Technical problem to be solved by the invention The aqueous pollination agent disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the following problem: when pollen is dispersed, the osmotic pressure of water places a heavy load on the pollen particles, causing them to swell, become damaged, or rupture, resulting in the inactivation of the pollen in a short time, specifically, within less than 30 minutes.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned actual situation, and an object of the present invention is to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation.

[0006] Technical solutions to technical problems To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to a pollen activation solution for supplying pollen in a dispersed state to the pistil of a plant, comprising: an aqueous solution containing a substance that activates the germination of the pollen and the elongation of the pollen tube; and a powdered carbon-constituent substance, wherein the carbon-constituent substance is a substance composed of carbon added to the aqueous solution, and the carbon-constituent substance is not subjected to an activation treatment.

[0007] Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a powdered carbon-containing substance is added to an aqueous solution containing a substance that activates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. As a result, the pollen activation solution according to the present invention can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to pollen activation solutions without the powdered carbon-containing substance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing a state where the pollen activation solution according to an embodiment of the present invention is supplied to the pistil of a plant.

[0009] Figure 2A This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0010] Figure 2B It is a graph showing the lengths of pollen tubes in Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0011] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 11 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15.

[0012] Figure 4A This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 21 and Comparative Examples 21 and 26.

[0013] Figure 4B This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 22 and Comparative Examples 22 and 27.

[0014] Figure 4C This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 23 and Comparative Examples 23 and 28.

[0015] Figure 4D This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 24 and Comparative Examples 24 and 29.

[0016] Figure 4E This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 25 and Comparative Examples 25 and 30.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 31 and Comparative Example 31.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 41 to 45 and Comparative Example 41.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 51 and Comparative Example 51.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Example 61 and Comparative Examples 61 and 62.

[0021] Figure 9A This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 71 and 72 and Comparative Examples 71 and 72.

[0022] Figure 9B This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 81 and 82 and Comparative Example 81.

[0023] Figure 9C This is a graph showing the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 91 and 92 and Comparative Example 91. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, the pollen activation solution 1 according to this embodiment is stored in a container 3 of a sprayer 2 after pollen is dispersed. The solution is then supplied to the pistil 5 of a plant 4 via the sprayer 2. Specifically, a user (not shown) opens the input switch 7 of the sprayer 2 with the output port (discharge port) 6 of the sprayer 2 directed toward the pistil 5, spraying the pollen activation solution 1 stored in the container 3 as a mist. As a result, the pollen activation solution 1 adheres to the pistil 5 of the plant 4 in a mist-like state, thereby being supplied to the pistil 5.

[0025] Pollen activation solution 1 consists of an aqueous solution containing a substance that activates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, and powdered charcoal added to the aqueous solution. Examples of substances that can be used to activate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation include sucrose, boric acid (H₃BO₃), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), potassium chloride (KCl), and gelatin.

[0026] In this embodiment, the aqueous solution contained in pollen activation solution 1 contains 10% sucrose, 5 ppm (= 0.0005%) boric acid, 0.1 mM (mmol / l) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.0 mM calcium chloride, 1.0 mM potassium chloride, and 0.8% gelatin. The aqueous solution contained in pollen activation solution 1 is prepared by first dissolving 10% sucrose, 5 ppm boric acid, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.0 mM calcium chloride, and 1.0 mM potassium chloride in distilled water. The pH of the distilled water containing these dissolved substances is then adjusted to 7.0 using a 0.1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The adjusted distilled water is then heated to approximately 80°C in a hot water bath, for example, and 0.8% gelatin is dissolved in the heated distilled water to produce the aqueous solution contained in pollen activation solution 1.

[0027] In addition, as the powdered carbon added to the aqueous solution, for example, bamboo leaf carbon powder obtained by crushing bamboo leaf carbon can be used. It should be noted that the powdered carbon involved in this embodiment is crushed to an average particle size of 3 μ m powdered bamboo leaf charcoal powder, add 100 mg to 10 mL of aqueous solution.

[0028] As described above, according to the pollen activation solution 1 according to this embodiment, powdered carbon as an example of a powdered carbon constituent material is added to an aqueous solution containing a substance that activates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation.

[0029] Therefore, the pollen activation solution 1 according to the present embodiment can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation, compared to a pollen activation solution to which powdered charcoal is not added.

[0030] The inventors actually purchased a commercially available pollen activation solution and dispersed the pollen without adding bamboo leaf charcoal powder. The results confirmed that the pollen was inactivated within 30 minutes. In contrast, the inventors added bamboo leaf charcoal powder to the purchased pollen activation solution and dispersed the pollen. However, the pollen was not inactivated after more than 30 minutes.

[0031] As a result, the pollen activation solution according to the present invention can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation by adding powdered carbon, even if it is not the pollen activation solution 1 according to this embodiment.

[0032] The reason why the addition of powdered charcoal prolongs the period until pollen dispersed in a pollen activation solution is inactivated is unclear. For example, it is thought that the powdered charcoal adheres to the pollen dispersed in the aqueous solution, resulting in a smaller contact area between the pollen with charcoal and water than between pollen without charcoal. Consequently, the pollen shell is less likely to be damaged by the osmotic pressure of water, and water is less likely to penetrate the pollen shell. Consequently, the pollen contents are less likely to swell, break, or rupture due to the osmotic pressure of water before germination.

[0033] [Experimental example on pollen inactivation] Here, the inventors conducted an experiment to confirm whether the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation can be prolonged by using the pollen activation solution according to the present invention.

[0034] [Experimental Example 1] In Experimental Example 1, the inventors first applied pure pollen from Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) onto an agar medium composed of 10% sucrose and 1% agarose using a bird feather pollination brush (Brahma). Next, the inventors used a sprayer 2 to spray the pollen-free pollen-activating solution 1 according to this embodiment, contained in a container 3, onto the agar medium coated with pure pollen. The agar medium, which had been coated with pollen and then sprayed with the mist of the pollen-activating solution 1, was then incubated at 25°C for 24 hours. The pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were observed and measured using a fluorescence microscope. In Experimental Example 1, the aqueous solution contained in the pollen-activating solution 1 was generated using the aforementioned method and stored in a refrigerator at approximately 4°C. For the experiments, the solution was removed from the refrigerator and allowed to return to room temperature before use. In Experimental Example 1, the powdered carbon contained in the pollen activation solution 1 was added to the aqueous solution and then dispersed using a tabletop ultrasonic bath.

[0035] The sucrose, boric acid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and gelatin added to pollen activation solution 1, as well as the sucrose and agarose constituting the agar medium, were manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Pure pollen from Chinese pears was manufactured by Kobayashi Seikan Sangyo Co., Ltd. The brush used was the "GT-406" manufactured by Green BEL Co., Ltd. The sprayer 2 used was the "wasser (registered trademark) commo009 cordless sprayer" manufactured by Ohgawa Shoji Co., Ltd. The fluorescence microscope used was the "IX73" manufactured by Olympus Corporation. The desktop ultrasonic bath used was the "Bransonic (registered trademark) M2800-J" manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.

[0036] [Experimental Examples 2 to 7] In Experiments 2 to 7, the inventors performed the same procedures as in Experiment 1, except that the amount of powdered charcoal added to the pollen activation solution 1 was 25 mg (Experiment 2), 50 mg (Experiment 3), 75 mg (Experiment 4), 150 mg (Experiment 5), 200 mg (Experiment 6), and 250 mg (Experiment 7) relative to 10 mL of the aqueous solution. The pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were observed and measured.

[0037] [Comparative Example 1] In Comparative Example 1, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Examples 1 to 7 except that the mist-like pollen activation solution 1 was not blown, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length.

[0038] [Comparative Example 2] In Comparative Example 2, the inventors conducted the same operations as in Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1, except that powdered charcoal was not added to the aqueous solution contained in the pollen activation solution 1, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length.

[0039] [Experimental results of pollen inactivation experiment] The results of the experiment are as follows Figure 2A and Figure 2B It should be noted that Figure 2A The pollen germination rates shown are the average values ​​(%) of the pollen germination rates obtained when Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were each tested 5 times. Figure 2B The pollen tube lengths shown are the average values ​​of the pollen tube lengths obtained when Experimental Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were each tested 5 times ( μ m).

[0040] like Figure 2A As shown, the pollen germination rates for Comparative Example 1 were approximately 52% and for Comparative Example 2 were approximately 44%. Meanwhile, those for Experimental Example 1 were approximately 66%, Experimental Example 2 was approximately 60%, Experimental Example 3 was approximately 61%, Experimental Example 4 was approximately 63%, Experimental Example 5 was approximately 55%, Experimental Example 6 was approximately 50%, and Experimental Example 7 was approximately 44%. The results show that the germination rate of Comparative Example 2, where only the aqueous solution was sprayed, decreased after 24 hours of culturing compared to Comparative Example 1, where no aqueous solution was sprayed. Meanwhile, Experimental Examples 1-7, where the aqueous solution supplemented with powdered charcoal was sprayed, achieved germination rates equal to or higher than those of Comparative Example 2, where only the aqueous solution was sprayed, after 24 hours of culturing. In particular, Experimental Examples 1-6, where 50 mg to 200 mg of powdered charcoal was added per 10 mL of aqueous solution, also achieved germination rates equal to or higher than those of Comparative Example 1, where no aqueous solution was sprayed, after 24 hours of culturing.

[0041] In addition, if Figure 2B As shown in FIG, the length of the pollen tube of Comparative Example 1 is about 760 μ m, and about 380 in Comparative Example 2 μ m, on the other hand, the experimental example 1 is about 1280 μ m, and about 780 in Experimental Examples 2 and 3 μ m, and about 900 in Experimental Example 4 μ m, and about 820 in Experimental Example 5 μ m, and about 800 in Experimental Example 6 μ m, and about 700 in Experimental Example 7 μm. The results showed that in Comparative Example 2, where only the aqueous solution was blown, pollen tube elongation decreased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 1, where no aqueous solution was blown. On the other hand, in Experimental Examples 1 to 7, where the aqueous solution supplemented with powdered charcoal was blown, pollen tube elongation increased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 2, where only the aqueous solution was blown. In particular, in Experimental Examples 1 to 6, where 50 mg to 200 mg of powdered charcoal was added per 10 mL of aqueous solution, pollen tube elongation also increased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 1, where no aqueous solution was blown.

[0042] Therefore, it was found that the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Examples 1 to 7 can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 2. In other words, it was found that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to a pollen activation solution to which powdered charcoal is not added.

[0043] [Experimental example regarding the types of carbon] In addition, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether the charcoal added to the pollen activation solution according to the present invention needs to be in powder form.

[0044] [Experimental Example 11] In Experimental Example 11, the inventors performed the same operation as in Experimental Example 1 to observe and measure the germination rate of pollen.

[0045] [Comparative Examples 11 and 12] In Comparative Examples 11 and 12, the inventors performed the same operations as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 to observe and measure the germination rate of pollen.

[0046] [Comparative Examples 13 to 15] In Comparative Examples 13 to 15, the inventors added 100 μ The pollen germination rate was observed and measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 11 and Comparative Examples 11 and 12, except that 100 mg of powdered charcoal was replaced with 100 mg of Chinese ink (Comparative Example 13), 100 mg of rapeseed oil smoke ink (Comparative Example 14), and 100 mg of sepia ink (Comparative Example 15).

[0047] The Chinese ink used was "Ink No. 17," manufactured by Daiso Industries Co., Ltd. Rapeseed oil smoke ink used was solid ink, manufactured by Shinseido Co., Ltd., under the trade name "Suzuka Momiji Shinseido (registered trademark)." Sepia ink used was "Liofresh (registered trademark)," manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd.

[0048] [Experimental results of experimental examples regarding the types of carbon] The results of the experiment are as follows Figure 3 It should be noted that Figure 3 The pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rate when Experimental Example 11 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15 were tested 5 times each. Figure 3 As shown, the pollen germination rates for Comparative Example 11 were approximately 43%, Comparative Example 12 was approximately 34%, Comparative Example 13 was approximately 13%, Comparative Example 14 was approximately 28%, and Comparative Example 15 was approximately 30%, while that for Experimental Example 11 was approximately 55%. The results show that the germination rate for Comparative Example 12, where only the aqueous solution was sprayed, decreased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 11, where no aqueous solution was sprayed. Furthermore, the germination rates for Comparative Examples 13 to 15, where aqueous solutions containing various non-powdered charcoal solutions were sprayed, further decreased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 12, where only the aqueous solution was sprayed. Meanwhile, Experimental Examples 1 to 7, where aqueous solutions containing powdered charcoal were sprayed, showed improved germination rates after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Examples 11 to 15.

[0049] Therefore, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Example 11 can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 12, while the pollen activation solutions according to Comparative Examples 13 to 15 cannot extend this period compared to the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 12. In other words, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention has the effect of extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to pollen activation solutions without the addition of various charcoal types, while the addition of various non-powdered charcoal types to the pollen activation solution does not have the effect of extending this period.

[0050] [Experimental example on pollen types] Furthermore, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether the effect of extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation varies depending on the type of pollen dispersed in the pollen activation solution according to the present invention.

[0051] [Experimental Examples 21-25] In Experimental Example 11, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Example 1, observing and measuring the pollen germination rate, except that cherry pollen (Experimental Example 21), apricot pollen (Experimental Example 22), plum pollen (Experimental Example 23), peach pollen (Experimental Example 24), and apple pollen (Experimental Example 25) were applied to the agar medium instead of pure pollen from Chinese pear.

[0052] [Comparative Examples 21 to 25] In Comparative Examples 21 to 25, the inventors performed the same procedures as in Comparative Example 1, observing and measuring the pollen germination rate, except that cherry pollen (Comparative Example 21), apricot pollen (Comparative Example 22), plum pollen (Comparative Example 23), peach pollen (Comparative Example 24), and apple pollen (Comparative Example 25) were applied to the agar medium instead of pure pollen from Chinese pear.

[0053] [Comparative Examples 26 to 30] In Comparative Examples 26 to 30, the inventors performed the same procedures as in Comparative Example 2, observing and measuring the pollen germination rate, except that cherry pollen (Comparative Example 26), apricot pollen (Comparative Example 27), plum pollen (Comparative Example 28), peach pollen (Comparative Example 29), and apple pollen (Comparative Example 30) were applied to the agar medium instead of pure pollen from Chinese pear.

[0054] [Experimental results of the experimental example regarding pollen types] The results of the experiment are as follows Figures 4A to 4E It should be noted that Figures 4A to 4E The pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rate when Experimental Examples 21 to 25 and Comparative Examples 21 to 30 were tested 5 times each. Figure 4A As shown in FIG, the germination rate of cherry pollen is about 6% in Comparative Example 21 and about 0.3% in Comparative Example 26, while about 6% in Experimental Example 21. Figure 4B As shown in FIG, the germination rate of apricot pollen was about 7.6% in Comparative Example 22 and about 0.7% in Comparative Example 27, while about 8.8% in Experimental Example 22. Figure 4C As shown in FIG, the germination rate of plum pollen was about 14.5% in Comparative Example 23 and about 1.0% in Comparative Example 28, while it was about 18.0% in Experimental Example 23. Figure 4D As shown in FIG, the germination rate of peach pollen was about 8% in Comparative Example 24 and about 0.8% in Comparative Example 29, while it was about 11% in Experimental Example 24. Figure 4E As shown, the germination rate of apple pollen was about 8% in Comparative Example 25, about 2% in Comparative Example 30, and about 25% in Experimental Example 26.

[0055] The results show that, after 24 hours of culturing, Comparative Examples 26 to 30, in which only the aqueous solution was blown, showed a lower germination rate than Comparative Examples 21 to 25, in which no aqueous solution was blown. On the other hand, Experimental Examples 21 to 25, in which the aqueous solution containing powdered carbon was blown, showed an improved germination rate after 24 hours of culturing compared to Comparative Examples 26 to 30, in which only the aqueous solution was blown, and was equal to or better than Comparative Examples 21 to 25, in which no aqueous solution was blown.

[0056] Therefore, it was found that the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Examples 21 to 25 was able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solutions according to Comparative Examples 26 to 30. In other words, it was found that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention was able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to a pollen activation solution without the addition of powdered charcoal, regardless of the type of pollen.

[0057] [Experimental example on pollination at low temperature] Furthermore, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether the pollen activation solution according to the present invention exhibits an effect even at low temperatures when pollen is dispersed therein.

[0058] [Experimental Example 31] In Experiment 31, similar to Experiment 1, the inventors sprayed and air-blown the pollen activation solution 1 according to this embodiment onto an agar medium coated with pure pollen. The agar medium, coated with pollen and then air-blown with the misted pollen activation solution 1, was then cultured (incubated) at 4°C for 24 hours. The pollen germination rate was observed and measured using a fluorescence microscope.

[0059] [Comparative Example 31] In Comparative Example 31, the inventors performed the same operation as in Experimental Example 31, except that the mist-like pollen activation solution 1 was not blown, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length.

[0060] [Experimental results of pollination experiments at low temperatures] The results of the experiment are as follows Figure 5 It should be noted that Figure 5 The pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rate when Experimental Example 31 and Comparative Example 31 were tested 3 times each. Figure 5 As shown, the pollen germination rate was approximately 10% for Comparative Example 31, while it was approximately 32% for Experimental Example 31. These results show that the germination rate of Experimental Example 31, in which the aqueous solution containing powdered charcoal was blown, was significantly improved over the 24-hour incubation period compared to Comparative Example 31.

[0061] Therefore, it was found that the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Example 31 significantly increased the pollen germination rate in a 4°C environment compared to the case of Comparative Example 31 in which no pollen activation solution was added. In other words, it was found that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention was able to prolong the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation and significantly increase the pollen germination rate in an extremely low temperature environment of 4°C.

[0062] [Experimental Example on Type and Particle Size of Powdered Carbon] In addition, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether the effects are exhibited even when the type and particle size of the carbon added to the pollen activation solution according to the present invention are changed.

[0063] [Experimental Example 41] In Experimental Example 41, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Example 1, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0064] [Experimental Examples 42 to 45] In Experimental Examples 42 to 45, the inventors replaced the bamboo leaf charcoal powder with a particle size of 3 μ m, which was obtained by crushing bamboo leaf charcoal, with ramie stalk charcoal powder with a particle size of 5 μ m, which was obtained by crushing ramie stalk charcoal (Japanese: asa kara) (Experimental Example 42), oak charcoal powder with a particle size of 8 μ m, which was obtained by crushing oak charcoal (Experimental Example 43), coconut shell charcoal powder with a particle size of 10 μ m, which was obtained by crushing coconut shell charcoal (Experimental Example 44), and bamboo charcoal powder with a particle size of 15 μ m, which was obtained by crushing bamboo stalk charcoal (i.e., bamboo charcoal) (Experimental Example 45). Except for this, the same operations as in Experimental Example 1 were performed, and the pollen germination rate was observed and measured.

[0065] [Comparative Example 41] In Comparative Example 41, the inventors performed the same operations as in Comparative Example 1, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0066] [Experimental Results of Experimental Examples Regarding the Type and Particle Size of Powdered Carbon] The results of the experiments are as Figure 6 shown. It should be noted that Figure 6 the pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rates when Experimental Examples 41 to 45 and Comparative Example 41 were each tried 3 times. As Figure 6 shown, regarding the pollen germination rate, Comparative Example 41 was about 40%, on the other hand, Experimental Example 41 was about 75%, Experimental Example 42 was about 62%, Experimental Example 43 was about 60%, Experimental Example 44 was about 57%, and Experimental Example 45 was about 53%. From the results, it can be seen that Experimental Examples 41 to 45 in which an aqueous solution added with powdered carbon was blown, regardless of the type of powdered carbon, had an increased germination rate after 24 hours of cultivation compared to Comparative Example 41 in which no aqueous solution was blown. In particular, it can be seen that even in Experimental Example 45 with the lowest pollen germination rate, it was equal to or higher than the germination rate (about 52%) of Comparative Example 1, which had the highest experimental result among the comparative examples that performed the same operations as Comparative Example 41, as Figure 2A shown.

[0067] Therefore, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Examples 41 to 45 can improve the germination rate of pollen compared to the case where no pollen activation solution is added as in Comparative Example 41. In other words, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention is effective regardless of the type of powdered carbon, as long as the particle size is at least 3 μ m and above and 15 μ m or less, the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation can be prolonged, and the pollen germination rate can be increased compared to when no pollen activation solution is used. Furthermore, it has been found that when the pollen activation solution according to the present invention has a particle size within the above-mentioned range and the type of powdered charcoal is at least one of bamboo leaf charcoal, hemp straw charcoal, oak charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, and bamboo charcoal, the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation can be prolonged, and the pollen germination rate can be increased compared to when no pollen activation solution is used.

[0068] It should be noted that the reason why Experimental Example 41 has the highest germination rate among the above-mentioned Experimental Examples 41 to 45 is not only because the particle size of the charcoal in Experimental Example 41 is the smallest, but also because the bamboo leaf charcoal used in Experimental Example 41 has a higher silicon content than the other charcoals (hemp stalk charcoal, oak charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, bamboo charcoal) used in Experimental Examples 42 to 45.

[0069] [Experimental example on activated carbon] The inventors also conducted experiments to confirm whether the carbon added to the pollen activation solution of the present invention also exhibits its effectiveness even when it is so-called activated carbon. Activated carbon refers to a porous carbon-based material that has undergone a chemical or physical treatment, specifically a process called activation or revitalization, to enhance its adsorption properties. Activated carbon is used, for example, to selectively separate, remove, or purify specific substances.

[0070] [Experimental Example 51] In Experimental Example 51, the inventors performed the same operation as in Experimental Example 1 to observe and measure the germination rate of pollen.

[0071] [Comparative Example 51] In Comparative Example 51, the inventors performed the same procedures as in Experimental Example 51 and Comparative Example 1, except that 100 mg of powdered activated carbon was added to the pollen activation solution 1 instead of 100 mg of powdered carbon. The pollen germination rate was observed and measured. The activated carbon used was manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

[0072] Here, it is known that the specific surface area of ​​activated carbon measured by the conventionally known BET method, namely, the so-called BET specific surface area, is 1.6×10 3 m 2 / g (e.g., Satoshi Kobayashi, “Measurement of Specific Surface Area / Pore Size Distribution in Surface Property Evaluation of Porous Materials,” [online], October 31, 2019, Nagano Prefecture Industrial Technology Center, [retrieved January 22, 2024], Internet <URL: https: / / www.gitc.pref.nagano.lg.jp / reports / pdf / R1 / R1M64.pdf>). Therefore, the raw material of the bamboo leaf charcoal powder used in Experimental Example 51, that is, the bamboo leaf charcoal before being made into powder, needs to have a BET specific surface area of ​​at least less than 1.6×10 3 m 2 That is, for the pollen activation solution of the present invention, the BET specific surface area of ​​the carbon before being made into powder should be at least less than 1.6×10 3 m 2 The value of / g.

[0073] [Experimental results of experimental examples on activated carbon] The results of the experiment are as follows Figure 7 It should be noted that Figure 7 The pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rate when Experimental Example 51 and Comparative Example 51 were tested 3 times each. Figure 7 As shown in FIG, the pollen germination rate of Comparative Example 51 was about 25%, while that of Experimental Example 51 was about 55%. The results show that the germination rate of Comparative Example 51, which was sprayed with an aqueous solution containing powdered activated carbon, was lower after 24 hours of cultivation than that of Experimental Example 51, which was sprayed with an aqueous solution containing powdered non-activated carbon. Figure 3 As shown, similar to Comparative Examples 13 to 15 in which aqueous solutions containing various non-powdered carbons were blown, Comparative Example 51 in which an aqueous solution containing powdered activated carbon was blown had a lower germination rate than Comparative Example 11 in which no aqueous solution was blown and Comparative Example 12 in which only an aqueous solution was blown.

[0074] Therefore, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution 1 of Experimental Example 51 can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solution of Comparative Example 51. On the other hand, similar to Comparative Examples 13 to 15, the pollen activation solution of Comparative Example 51 cannot extend this period compared to the pollen activation solution of Comparative Example 12. In other words, it can be seen that the pollen activation solution of the present invention has the effect of extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solution without the addition of powdered activated carbon, while the addition of powdered activated carbon to the pollen activation solution has no effect of extending this period.

[0075] It should be noted that the reason why the period until the pollen dispersed in the pollen activation solution is inactivated cannot be prolonged even when powdered non-activated carbon is added is still unclear. μ m~60 μ Because m is small, the surface area of ​​activated carbon in powder form is larger than that of non-activated carbon in powder form. Therefore, the reason this period cannot be extended is believed to be that, when attached to pollen dispersed in an aqueous solution, the contact area of ​​activated carbon is smaller than that of non-activated carbon. Therefore, pollen with activated carbon attached is more easily permeated by water than pollen without non-activated carbon attached, making the shell less likely to break. Water more easily penetrates the pollen shell, causing the pollen contents to swell due to the osmotic pressure of water before germination, making them more susceptible to breakage and rupture.

[0076] Furthermore, it was found that when the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 51 was repeatedly sprayed using a sprayer, the powdered activated carbon was adsorbed on the nozzle, causing clogging more frequently than with the pollen activation solution according to Experimental Example 51.

[0077] Therefore, it is understood that the pollen activation solution to which powdered activated carbon is added is more difficult to use than the pollen activation solution to which powdered inactivated carbon is added.

[0078] [Experimental Examples Regarding Types of Aqueous Solutions] Furthermore, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether the pollen activation solution according to the present invention also exhibits effects compared with other conventionally known pollen activation solutions.

[0079] [Experimental Example 61] In Experimental Example 61, the inventors first prepared 100 mL of the pollen activation solution 1 according to the present embodiment in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and dispersed 300 mg of pure pollen from Chinese pear. Next, the inventors sprayed the pollen-dispersed pollen activation solution onto the same agar medium as in Experimental Example 1 using a manual sprayer. The inventors then cultured the agar medium coated with the pollen dispersed in the pollen activation solution 1 at 20°C for 24 hours, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate using a fluorescence microscope. It should be noted that in Experimental Example 61, the pollen was added to the charcoal-dispersed pollen activation solution 1 using the same process as in Experimental Example 1 and dispersed by stirring. Furthermore, the agar, edible red pigment, and sucrose added to the pollen activation solution were manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.

[0080] [Comparative Example 61] In Comparative Example 61, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Example 61, except that 100 mL of distilled water was used instead of the 100 mL of pollen activation solution 1, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0081] [Comparative Example 62] In Comparative Example 62, the inventors used a pollen activation solution prepared with reference to the Nasi Jufun Handbook on Japanese Pear Solution Pollination (URL: https: / / www.naro.go.jp / publicity_report / publication / files / nasi_jufun.pdf), an example of a conventionally known pollen activation solution, in place of the 100 mL of pollen activation solution 1. The same procedures as in Experimental Example 61 and Comparative Example 61 were followed to observe and measure pollen germination rates. Specifically, in Comparative Example 62, 100 mL of a conventionally known pollen activation solution was prepared by dissolving agar in 100 mL of heated distilled water and then allowing the solution to cool to room temperature. Then, the same procedures as in Experimental Example 61 were followed to observe and measure pollen germination rates, except that the prepared conventionally known pollen activation solution was used in place of pollen activation solution 1.

[0082] [Experimental results of experimental examples regarding types of aqueous solutions] The results of the experiment are as follows Figure 8 It should be noted that Figure 8 The pollen germination rate shown is the average value (%) of the pollen germination rate when the experimental example 61 and the comparative examples 61 and 62 were tested 3 times each. Figure 8 As shown, the pollen germination rates for Comparative Example 61 and Comparative Example 62 were approximately 3%, and approximately 22%, respectively, while those for Experimental Example 61 were approximately 53%. These results indicate that Comparative Example 62, coated with pollen dispersed in a conventionally known pollen activation solution, exhibited a higher germination rate after 24 hours of incubation than Comparative Example 61, coated with pollen dispersed in distilled water. Furthermore, Experimental Example 61, coated with pollen dispersed in a pollen activation solution 1 containing powdered charcoal, exhibited a significantly higher germination rate after 24 hours of incubation than Comparative Example 62, coated with pollen dispersed in a conventionally known pollen activation solution.

[0083] Therefore, it was found that the pollen activation solution according to Experimental Example 61 was able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 62. In other words, it was found that the pollen activation solution according to the present invention was able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation compared to other conventionally known pollen activation solutions.

[0084] [Experimental Example on Silicon] The inventors knew that the bamboo leaf charcoal powder and oak charcoal powder used in the aforementioned experiments contained silicon, and therefore speculated that silica water might be useful as a component of the aqueous solution included in the pollen activation solution according to the present invention. Therefore, the inventors conducted experiments to confirm whether silica water would be effective even when the aqueous solution containing the powdered charcoal was used.

[0085] [Experimental Example 71] In Experimental Example 71, the inventors conducted the same operation as in Experimental Example 1, except that the agar medium to which pollen was applied and then sprayed with the pollen activation solution 1 was maintained at 20°C for 24 hours for culturing, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0086] [Experimental Example 72] In Experimental Example 72, the inventors added 500 mg of the pollen activation solution 1 according to the embodiment. μ The same procedures as in Experimental Example 71 were followed, except that a 20% potassium silicate aqueous solution of 1 L was used as an example of silica water, and the pollen germination rate was observed and measured. Note that the 20% potassium silicate aqueous solution added to the pollen activation solution 1 was manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Since the 20% potassium silicate aqueous solution is alkaline, a trace amount of hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pollen activation solution 1 to a neutral pH of 7.

[0087] [Experimental Examples 81 and 82] In Experimental Examples 81 and 82, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Examples 71 and 72, except that 100 mg of oak charcoal powder was added instead of 100 mg of bamboo leaf charcoal powder, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0088] [Experimental Examples 91 and 92] In Experimental Examples 91 and 92, the inventors conducted the same operations as in Experimental Examples 81 and 82, except that the agar medium to which pollen was applied and then sprayed with a pollen activation solution was maintained at 4°C for 24 hours for culturing, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate.

[0089] [Comparative Example 71] In Comparative Example 71, the inventors performed the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 to observe and measure the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length.

[0090] [Comparative Example 72] In Comparative Example 72, the inventors performed the same operations as in Experimental Example 72, and observed and measured the pollen germination rate, except that 100 mg of bamboo leaf charcoal powder was not added to the aqueous solution.

[0091] [Comparative Example 81] In Comparative Example 81, the inventors performed the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 to observe and measure the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length.

[0092] [Comparative Example 91] In Comparative Example 91, the inventors conducted the same operation as in Comparative Example 81, except that the agar medium coated with pollen was maintained at 4° C. for 24 hours for culturing, and observed and measured the germination rate of pollen.

[0093] [Experimental Results of Experimental Example Regarding Silicon] The results of the experiment are as follows Figures 9A to 9C It should be noted that Figures 9A to 9C The pollen germination rates shown are the average values ​​(%) of the pollen germination rates of Experimental Examples 71, 72, 81, 82, 91, 92 and Comparative Examples 71, 72, 81, 91 when each was tested three times. Figure 9A As shown, the pollen germination rates for Comparative Example 71 and Comparative Example 72 were approximately 32% and 33%, respectively, while those for Experimental Example 71 and Experimental Example 72 were approximately 54% and 60%, respectively. The results show that, after 24 hours of incubation, Comparative Example 72, where only the aqueous solution containing silica water was blown, achieved a germination rate comparable to that of Comparative Example 71, where no aqueous solution was blown. The germination rate did not improve compared to Experimental Example 71, where an aqueous solution containing bamboo leaf charcoal powder was added but not silica water. On the other hand, Experimental Example 72, where an aqueous solution containing both silica water and bamboo leaf charcoal powder was blown, achieved a significantly improved germination rate compared to Comparative Examples 71 and 72, and further improved compared to Experimental Example 71, where an aqueous solution containing bamboo leaf charcoal powder was blown but not silica water.

[0094] In addition, if Figure 9B As shown, the pollen germination rate was approximately 32% for Comparative Example 81, approximately 53% for Experimental Example 81, and approximately 60% for Experimental Example 82. The results show that in Experimental Example 82, where an aqueous solution containing not only silica water but also oak charcoal powder was sprayed, the germination rate significantly increased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 81, where no aqueous solution was sprayed. The germination rate was also further increased compared to Experimental Example 81, where an aqueous solution containing no silica water but oak charcoal powder was sprayed.

[0095] In addition, if Figure 9CAs shown, the pollen germination rate was approximately 10% in Comparative Example 91, approximately 28% in Experimental Example 91, and approximately 40% in Experimental Example 92. The results show that in Experimental Example 92, where an aqueous solution containing not only silica water but also oak charcoal powder was sprayed, the germination rate significantly increased after 24 hours of incubation compared to Comparative Example 91, where no aqueous solution was sprayed. The germination rate was also significantly increased compared to Experimental Example 91, where an aqueous solution containing no silica water but oak charcoal powder was sprayed.

[0096] Therefore, it was found that the pollen activation solutions 1 according to Experimental Examples 72, 82, and 92 significantly increased pollen germination rates compared to the pollen activation solution according to Comparative Example 72, and further increased pollen germination rates compared to the pollen activation solution 1 according to Experimental Examples 71, 81, and 91. In other words, it was found that the pollen activation solutions according to the present invention, regardless of the type of powdered charcoal, were able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation and further increase pollen germination rates by adding silica water. In particular, it was found that the pollen activation solutions according to the present invention, by adding silica water, were able to extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation and further increase pollen germination rates even in extremely low temperatures such as 4°C.

[0097] It should be noted that the difference in germination rate between Experiments 71 and 72, using bamboo charcoal powder, is roughly the same as the difference in germination rate between Experiments 81 and 82, using oak charcoal powder. This suggests that the pollen activation solution of the present invention is independent of the silicon content of the powdered charcoal. The addition of aqueous silica can extend the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation and further improve pollen germination rate. It should be noted that the difference in germination rate in Experiments 81 and 82, using oak charcoal powder, is comparable to that in Experiments 71 and 72 using bamboo charcoal powder. However, it is believed that the addition of aqueous silica to the pollen activation solution of the present invention is particularly preferred when adding charcoal with a lower silicon content than bamboo charcoal powder, such as hemp straw charcoal, oak charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, or bamboo charcoal used in Experiments 42 to 45.

[0098] (Change Example) It should be noted that in this embodiment, sucrose, boric acid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and gelatin are added to the aqueous solution as substances that activate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. However, the substances added to the aqueous solution are not limited to these substances. For example, similar to the aqueous pollination agent disclosed in Patent Document 1, sorbitol and proline can be added to the aqueous solution as substances that activate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation.

[0099] It should be noted that, as in this embodiment, sucrose, boric acid, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and gelatin are preferably added to the aqueous solution as substances that activate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, but any of these substances may be omitted.

[0100] It should be noted that in this embodiment, 10% sucrose is added to the aqueous solution, but this is not limiting and sucrose can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert its effect as an activating substance, sucrose is preferably added in a range of 5 to 30%.

[0101] In this embodiment, 5 ppm of boric acid is added to the aqueous solution, but this is not limiting and boric acid can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert its effect as an activating substance, boric acid is preferably added in a range of 1 to 60 ppm.

[0102] In addition, in this embodiment, 0.1 mM magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is added to the aqueous solution, but this is not limiting, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert the effect as an activating substance, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is preferably added in a range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM.

[0103] In this embodiment, 1.0 mM calcium chloride is added to the aqueous solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto and calcium chloride can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert its effect as an activating substance, calcium chloride is preferably added in a range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM.

[0104] In this embodiment, 1.0 mM potassium chloride is added to the aqueous solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto and potassium chloride can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert its effect as an activating substance, potassium chloride is preferably added in a range of 0.1 to 2.0 mM.

[0105] In this embodiment, 0.8% gelatin is added to the aqueous solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto and gelatin can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert its effect as an activating substance, gelatin is preferably added in a range of 0.2 to 2.0%.

[0106] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, gelatin is added to the aqueous solution, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, even if guar gum, gum arabic, agar or the like is added instead of gelatin, the same effect can be achieved.

[0107] In addition, in this embodiment, 100 mg of bamboo leaf charcoal powder is added to 10 mL of aqueous solution, but it is not limited thereto, and the bamboo leaf charcoal powder can be added in any proportion. However, in order to exert the effect as a substance for extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation, the bamboo leaf charcoal powder is preferably added in the range of 50 - 200 mg relative to 10 mL of aqueous solution. It should be noted that in this embodiment, about 1080 mg of activating substance is contained in 10 mL of aqueous solution. Therefore, in order to exert the effect as a substance for extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation, it is preferable to add the bamboo leaf charcoal powder in the range of 0.050 - 0.2 mg relative to 1 mg of activating substance.

[0108] It should be noted that in this embodiment, bamboo leaf charcoal powder with an average particle size of μ μ 3 μm is added to the aqueous solution, but it is not limited thereto, and bamboo leaf charcoal powder with any particle size of charcoal can be added. However, in order to exert the effect as a substance for extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation, the average particle size of the bamboo leaf charcoal powder is preferably in the range of 1 - 15 μ μ μm.

[0109] It should be noted that in this embodiment, as the powdered charcoal, bamboo leaf charcoal powder of powdered bamboo, that is, bamboo leaf charcoal powder, is used. However, regarding the type of charcoal, as long as it is in powder form, it is not limited thereto. For example, powdered coal (i.e., coal powder), powdered charcoal such as oak charcoal powder used in the above Experimental Examples 43, 81, and 82 (i.e., charcoal powder), and shell charcoal powder such as kenaf charcoal powder and coconut shell charcoal powder used in the above Experimental Examples 42 and 44 can also be used. Furthermore, as long as it is a substance made by pulverizing a carbonaceous substance, that is, a carbonaceous substance, it can also be substituted for substances other than charcoal. For example, as the powdered carbonaceous substance, substances obtained by pulverizing carbon fiber and graphite into the micron scale, or substances obtained by solidifying nanocarbon into micron-scale granular form can be used, and these are also included in the "substances made by pulverizing carbonaceous substances" of the present invention. However, in order to exert the effect as a substance for extending the period from pollen dispersion to pollen inactivation, the average particle size of these powdered carbonaceous substances is preferably in the range of 1 - 15 μ μ μm.

[0110] In addition, the substance added to the aqueous solution is only powdered charcoal in addition to the substance that activates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation. However, as long as powdered charcoal is added, it is not limited thereto. For example, in order to improve the dispersibility of pollen, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether can be added to the aqueous solution, or in order to improve the adhesion to pistil 5, peach resin can be added to the aqueous solution, or in order to improve the visibility of the adhesion to pistil 5, food red pigment can be added to the aqueous solution.

[0111] It should be noted that, as in the present embodiment, it is preferable not to add a surfactant to the pollen activation solution 1 in order to enhance the above-mentioned effects of the present invention. However, a surfactant such as sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate may be added.

[0112] It should be noted that while a potassium silicate aqueous solution was added to the aqueous solution in Experimental Examples 72, 82, and 92 above, the silicon added to the pollen activation solution 1 is not limited thereto. For example, it may be silicic acid other than potassium silicate, silicon dioxide such as silicon dioxide nanoparticles, or silicon itself such as covalently bonded silicon crystals. Furthermore, the silicon added to the pollen activation solution 1 is preferably soluble in the aqueous solution, but it does not necessarily have to be soluble in the aqueous solution.

[0113] The configuration of the pollen activation solution 1 according to the present embodiment is merely an example, and can be arbitrarily changed or modified as long as the technical problems to be solved by the present invention can be solved.

[0114] The present invention is capable of various embodiments and modifications without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the scope of the present invention is not defined by the embodiments but by the claims. Furthermore, any modifications implemented within the scope of the claims and within the meaning of equivalent inventions are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.

[0115] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-30776 filed on March 1, 2023. In this specification, the specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-30776 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0116] Description of Reference Numerals 1...pollen activation solution, 2...sprayer, 3...storage container, 4...plant, 5...pistil, 6...output port, 7...input switch.

Claims

1. A pollen activation solution, characterized in that: The pollen activation solution can be supplied to the pistil of a plant in a dispersed state, and the pollen activation solution comprises: an aqueous solution containing a substance that activates the germination of the pollen and the elongation of the pollen tube; and A substance composed of carbon added to the aqueous solution, that is, a carbon-composing substance, is powdered; The carbon constituent material was not subjected to activation treatment.

2. The pollen activation solution according to claim 1, wherein The BET specific surface area of ​​the carbon constituent material is less than 1.6×10 3 m 2 / g.

3. The pollen activation solution according to claim 1, wherein The average particle size of the powdered carbon constituent material is 3 μ m and above and 15 μ m or less.

4. The pollen activation solution according to claim 1, wherein The carbon constituent material is any one of bamboo leaf charcoal, hemp straw charcoal, oak charcoal, coconut shell charcoal and bamboo charcoal.

5. The pollen activation solution according to claim 1, wherein The pollen activation solution further comprises silicon added to the aqueous solution.

6. The pollen activation solution according to claim 5, wherein The silicon is dissolved in the aqueous solution.

7. The pollen activation solution according to claim 1, wherein The air temperature capable of activating the germination of the pollen is 4° C. or higher and 25° C. or lower.

8. The pollen activation solution according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The amount of the powdered carbon constituent added is 50 mg or more and 200 mg or less relative to 10 mL of the aqueous solution.

9. The pollen activation solution according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The amount of the powdered carbon constituent material added is 0.05 mg or more and 0.2 mg or less relative to 1 mg of the substance that activates pollen germination and pollen tube elongation.

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