Parasitic wasp cross-season release method and system based on ecological island and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biological control, and discloses a parasitic wasp cross-season release method and system based on an ecological island and application. The parasitic wasp cross-season release method based on the ecological island comprises the steps that S1, plants with the trapping effect on target pests are planted in 2-3 point positions per mu on the periphery of an annual crop field; s2, before field planting of the trapping plants, pest prevention and control treatment is carried out on the trapping plants; s3, after the trapping plants are planted, pest traps are arranged at the planting points in a centralized mode, and target parasitic wasps are put in the planting points in a centralized mode. By means of the cross-season release method and system for the parasitic wasps, the overwintering survival rate of the parasitic wasps can be increased to 58.7% from 9.2%, the parasitic rate of target pests in the next year is increased by 32.5%, the annual release frequency is reduced by 1-2 times, and the cost is reduced by 40%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural biological control, and in particular relates to a method, system and application of releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island. Background Art

[0002] Parasitic wasps, as natural enemies of pests, have been widely used in agricultural and forestry pest control. They are typically deployed evenly across farmland or forests using bee cards or balls. This method of distribution facilitates the parasitic wasps' colonization and uniform spread. However, in rice fields and cornfields, where crops are harvested once or multiple times a year, the sudden changes in the field ecology after harvest hinder their persistence and reproduction.

[0003] Conventional uniform release methods currently used, such as using bee cards or bee balls, have a parasitic wasp survival rate of less than 10% after crop harvest due to dramatic habitat changes. Furthermore, habitat management research has primarily focused on perennial crops (such as Pittosporum tobira), lacking solutions for annual crops. Furthermore, existing release devices only optimize the release process and cannot maintain long-term survival. These issues stem from the lack of a stable pest-parasitic wasp symbiosis in annual crop fields, necessitating improvements to existing parasitic wasp release methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention realizes the cross-season survival of parasitic wasps by constructing ecological islands, and proposes a cross-season release method, system and application of parasitic wasps based on ecological islands, which is suitable for pest control of annual crops such as rice and corn.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Plant plants that attract target pests at 2 to 3 locations per mu around annual crop fields.

[0008] S2. Treat the trapping plants for pest control before they are planted;

[0009] S3. After the attractant plants are planted, pest traps are set up at the planting sites and target parasitic wasps are released in a centralized manner.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the plant with attracting effect is a perennial grass plant.

[0011] More preferably, in step S1, the plant having attractant effect is selected from at least one of vetiver, sudangrass, and bermudagrass.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the pest control treatment adopts biological pesticides or physical isolation means, and the attractant plants are planted after an interval of ≥7 days after the application of the pesticide.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the trap is a sex pheromone trap or a food attractant trap, and 2 to 3 traps are set per acre on each ecological island.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the release amount of the parasitic wasps is 150-200% of the conventional uniform release amount, and the release is limited to the range of the ecological island.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a parasitic wasp ecological island system for implementing any of the above-mentioned parasitic wasp cross-season release methods, comprising:

[0016] Attractant plant strips planted at pre-set locations;

[0017] an array of traps placed in the vegetation strip; and

[0018] A concentrated parasitic wasp releasing device has a rainproof structure and a degradable carrier.

[0019] Preferably, the release device is a floatable carrier containing a parasitic wasp card inside, and the surface of the carrier is coated with an ant repellent.

[0020] The third aspect of the present invention is an application of any of the above-mentioned methods for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons to control rice stem borer, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogrammatus chinensis and the attractant plant is vetiver.

[0021] The fourth aspect of the present invention is an application of the cross-season release method of any one of the above parasitic wasps in the control of corn borers in corn fields, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogramma ostriniae and the attractant plant is Sudan grass.

[0022] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0023] The present invention sets up attractant plants at the edge of the field, carries out pest control before the attractant plants are planted, and then configures traps and releases parasitic wasps in a centralized manner to build an ecological island and form a "pest-parasitic wasp" self-sustaining system; the attractant plants serve as a cross-season host supply source to carry out targeted attracting of target pests, and then actively maintain the minimum pest density threshold (≥20 heads / m 2 ), and finally, local population dominance is achieved through concentrated release of the parasitic wasps (density increased by 1.5 to 2 times); the parasitic wasp cross-season release method and system of the present invention can increase the parasitic wasp overwintering survival rate from 9.2% to 58.7%, increase the target pest parasitism rate by 32.5% in the following year, reduce the annual release frequency by 1 to 2 times, and reduce the cost by 40%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of a method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural layout diagram of the eco-island system 100, where 110 is the attractant plant belt on the ridge, 120 is the trap, and 130 is the parasitic wasp release device;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sustainability principle of the parasitic wasp cross-season release system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the floating release device 130 of the present invention, wherein 131 is a counterweight cabin, 132 is a bee card slot, 133 is a parasitic bee card, and 134 is a rainproof top cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] First, this application breaks through the existing technical framework. Through a three-in-one design of "attractant plants + traps + centralized release," it provides a method for the cross-season release of parasitic wasps based on ecological islands, achieving for the first time the cross-season survival of parasitic wasps in annual crop fields. Compared with existing methods using simple release devices (CN103404505A) or habitat management (research on Pittosporum tobira), this method represents a significant improvement.

[0029] Specifically, the creative use of attractant plants to actively maintain pest density to feed parasitic wasps can fill the technical gap in the continuous prevention and control of parasitic wasps in annual crop fields, solve long-term pain points, and effectively reduce the cost of repeated releases. It is suitable for large-scale farmland promotion and has good social and economic benefits.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] S1. Plant plants that attract target pests at 2 to 3 locations per mu around annual crop fields.

[0032] S2. Treat the trapping plants for pest control before they are planted;

[0033] S3. After the attractant plants are planted, pest traps are set up at the planting sites and target parasitic wasps are released in a centralized manner.

[0034] In step S1, the plant with attractant effect is a perennial grass plant, selected from at least one of vetiveria, sudangrass, and bermudagrass, preferably vetiveria and sudangrass.

[0035] In step S2, the pest control treatment adopts biological pesticides or physical isolation means, and the attractant plants are planted after an interval of ≥7 days after the application of the pesticide.

[0036] In step S3, the trap is a sex pheromone trap or a food attractant trap, and 2 to 3 traps are set per acre on each ecological island.

[0037] In step S3, the release amount of the parasitic wasps is 150-200% of the conventional uniform release amount, and the release is limited to the range of the ecological island.

[0038] To improve pest control, the eco-island used for the inter-seasonal release of parasitic wasps is also equipped with a microenvironment control device, including a windbreak net and a drip irrigation system. The windbreak nets are conventional agricultural nets, installed around annual crops to mitigate the impact of strong winds on crops and reduce wind damage to crop stems. The drip irrigation system uses a conventional agricultural intelligent irrigation system to precisely control irrigation and fertilization rates to achieve the goals of saving water, increasing yields, and improving quality.

[0039] Secondly, if Figure 2 As shown, the present application also provides a parasitic wasp ecological island system 100 for implementing any of the above-mentioned methods for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons, comprising a trapping plant belt 110 planted at predetermined locations, a trap array 120 disposed within the plant belt 110, and a parasitic wasp centralized release device 130. The parasitic wasp centralized release device 130 can be flexibly placed within the trapping plant belt 110 or within annual crops according to actual application needs, and has a rainproof structure and a degradable carrier.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the parasitic wasp ecological island system 100 is based on the sustainable release principle. The attracting plant belt 110 provides a stable habitat for the parasitic wasp population. The parasitic wasps continue to parasitize and control pests. At the same time, some pests serve as hosts to feed the parasitic wasps. In addition, the pests are captured by the trap 120 to maintain the minimum pest density.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the release device 130 used in this application is a floatable carrier, comprising a counterweight compartment 131, a bee card slot 132, and a rainproof cover 134. The counterweight compartment 131 is filled with soil, which serves as a cushion. The bee card slots 132, which are located on the top of the counterweight compartment 131, are made of biodegradable material and contain parasitic bee cards 133. The bee card carrier can be coated with an ant repellent.

[0042] To ensure the effectiveness of the control, the parasitic wasp ecological island system 100 needs to be regularly maintained: (1) the trap core is replaced every quarter; (2) straw is covered to keep warm in winter; (3) the integrity of the ant protection coating is checked every month, depending on the actual situation.

[0043] In addition, the present application also provides an application of the cross-season release method of any one of the above parasitic wasps in the control of rice stem borer, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogrammatus chinensis and the attractant plant is vetiver.

[0044] The present application also provides an application of the cross-season release method of any of the above-mentioned parasitic wasps in the control of corn borers in corn fields, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogramma ostriniae and the attracting plant is Sudan grass.

[0045] The present invention is described in detail and specifically below through specific application examples to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention. However, the following application examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1: Control of Chilo suppressalis in rice fields

[0047] A method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island is proposed. The method pre-constructs an ecological island with a three-in-one design of "attractant plants + traps + centralized release", specifically including the following steps:

[0048] S1. Plant vetiver grass at 3 points per mu on the rice paddies, with a spacing of 10m.

[0049] S2. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (10 billion spores / g) to kill insects before planting;

[0050] S3. After planting, set up two Chilo suppressalis traps at each site; then release Trichogramma yellow-eyed wasps (20,000 heads / site) in a centralized manner, using a biodegradable bee card coated with an anti-ant coating as the release device.

[0051] Example 1, employing the method of the present invention, was used as experimental group 1, and control group 1, using a conventional uniform release method, was used. Unlike Example 1, control group 2 employed only vetiver grass, without traps or centralized release. Control group 3 employed only nectar-producing plants. The comparative experimental design is shown in Table 1 below.

[0052] Table 1 Comparative experimental design Serial number Treatment Number of repetitions Experimental Group 1 Ecological island system (vetiver + traps + centralized release) 3 fields Control group 1 Conventional uniform release method 3 fields Control group 2 Vetiver grass only (no traps & mass release) 3 fields Control group 3 Only nectar plants (Asteraceae - Daisy) are set 3 fields

[0053] The above experimental groups and control groups were tested for overwintering survival rate, parasitism rate monitoring in the following year, and economic evaluation. The test methods are as follows:

[0054] (1) Overwintering survival rate test: Method: 120 days after crop harvest, adult parasitic wasps were collected from the ecological island using the Malay net trapping method and compared with data from conventional fields. The calculation formula is: survival rate = (number of parasitic wasps collected / initial number released) × 100%.

[0055] (2) Monitoring of parasitism rate in the following year: Test method: 100 egg masses of Chilo suppressalis were collected during the tillering period of rice, and the percentage of parasitized eggs was counted by laboratory dissection.

[0056] (3) Economic evaluation: record the number of artificial releases and the total cost (bee species + labor) throughout the year.

[0057] The specific test data is shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Effect data of each test item Test items Experimental Group 1 Control group 1 Control group 2 Control group 3 Parasitic wasp overwintering survival rate 58.7% 9.2% 18.3% 16.5% The parasitism rate of Chilo suppressalis eggs in the following year 76.3% 43.8% 51.2% 47.6% Annual release times 1 time 3 times 2 times 2 times

[0059] Example 2: Control of corn borers in corn fields

[0060] A method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island is proposed. The method pre-constructs an ecological island with a three-in-one design of "attractant plants + traps + centralized release", specifically including the following steps:

[0061] S1. Planting sudan grass at 3 sites per mu (10 m) along rice paddies. Compared to vetiver sudan grass, it is 60% more effective in attracting adult corn borers.

[0062] S2. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (10 billion spores / g) to kill insects before planting;

[0063] S3. After planting, set up two corn borer food attractants (containing the corn borer's preferred sweet and sour liquid) as traps at each site; then release corn borer trichogrammatids (20,000 heads / site) in a centralized manner, using a biodegradable bee card coated with an anti-ant coating.

[0064] Example 2, employing the method of the present invention, was used as experimental group 2, and control group 4, using the conventional uniform release method, was used. The testing method of Example 1 was employed, with the addition of a hazard index test. The hazard index was calculated by counting the number of boreholes per 100 corn plants using the formula: hazard index = (total number of boreholes sampled / total number of plants inspected) × 100. Overwintering survival rate testing, subsequent year parasitism monitoring, and hazard index testing were performed on experimental group 2 and control group 4, respectively. Specific test data are shown in Table 3.

[0065] Table 3 Effect data of each test item Test items Experimental Group 2 Control group 4 Overwintering survival rate 52.1% 11.4% Corn borer larvae parasitism rate 68.9% 37.2% Hazard Index 15.3 52.7

[0066] It can be seen from the test data results in Table 3 that, compared with the conventional uniform release method, the survival rate of parasitic wasps in the ecological island of experimental group 2 using the method of the present invention was 52.1%, and the damage caused by corn borers was reduced by 37.6%.

[0067] Example 3: Control of cotton bollworm in cotton fields

[0068] A method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island is proposed. The method pre-constructs an ecological island with a three-in-one design of "attractant plants + traps + centralized release", specifically including the following steps:

[0069] S1. Plant velvetleaf (the preferred egg-laying plant for cotton bollworms) at 3 sites per mu (1.5 m) along the rice paddies, and add windbreak nets to reduce the impact of wind speed.

[0070] S2. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (10 billion spores / g) to kill insects before planting;

[0071] S3. After planting, set up two Chilo suppressalis traps at each site; then release the red-sided braconid wasps (20,000 heads / site) in a centralized manner, using a biodegradable bee card coated with an anti-ant coating as the release device.

[0072] Experimental Group 3, using Example 3 employing the method of the present invention, and Control Group 5, using the conventional uniform release method, were used. Population maintenance capacity testing and cross-season reproduction verification were conducted. The population maintenance capacity test involved quantifying the number of parasitic wasps within the ecological island monthly using a fluke method and plotting an annual growth and decline curve. Cross-season reproduction verification involved tracking the proportion of offspring of released individuals using the COI gene marker (confirming that 52.8% of the released individuals reproduced naturally after wintering).

[0073] Test results: The parasitic wasp population in the ecological island of experimental group 3 was maintained at >500 heads / m 2 (lowest value in non-crop season), while conventional fields are less than 50 heads / m 2 Compared with conventional fields, the cotton bollworm damage rate in this experimental group decreased by 41.2% and the amount of pesticide used decreased by 35%.

[0074] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, these are merely exemplary and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons based on an ecological island, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Plant plants that attract target pests at 2 to 3 locations per mu around annual crop fields. S2. Treat the trapping plants for pest control before they are planted; S3. After the attractant plants are planted, pest traps are set up at the planting sites and target parasitic wasps are released in a centralized manner.

2. The method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the plant with attracting effect is a perennial grass plant.

3. The method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to claim 2, wherein: In step S1, the plant having attractant effect is selected from at least one of vetiver, sudangrass and bermudagrass.

4. The method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the pest control treatment adopts biological pesticides or physical isolation means, and the attractant plants are planted after an interval of ≥7 days after the application of the pesticide.

5. The method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the trap is a sex pheromone trap or a food attractant trap, and 2 to 3 traps are set per acre on each ecological island.

6. The method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the release amount of the parasitic wasps is 150-200% of the conventional uniform release amount, and the release is limited to the range of the ecological island.

7. A parasitic wasp ecological island system for implementing the parasitic wasp cross-season release method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Attractant plant strips planted at pre-set locations; an array of traps set in a vegetation strip; as well as A concentrated parasitic wasp releasing device has a rainproof structure and a degradable carrier.

8. The parasitic wasp ecological island system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The releasing device is a floating carrier containing a parasitic wasp card inside, and the surface of the carrier is coated with an ant repellent.

9. Use of the method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in controlling the Chilo suppressalis in rice fields, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogrammatus chinensis and the attractant plant is vetiver.

10. Use of the method for releasing parasitic wasps across seasons according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in controlling corn borers in corn fields, wherein the target parasitic wasp is Trichogramma ostriniae and the attractant plant is sudangrass.

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