Observation device for under-ice free floating motion of sphere and use method
Through the fixing system of electromagnets and springs and the observation device of multiple high-speed cameras, the problem of underwater fixation and full-process observation of the non-magnetic sphere was solved, and the sphere's zero initial velocity buoyancy and precise motion parameter measurement were achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510911277.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies make it difficult to achieve underwater fixation on non-magnetic spheres, and traditional methods may give the sphere an initial velocity during its floating process, resulting in measurement parameter deviations and making it difficult to accurately observe the entire movement of the sphere.
A fixing system composed of an electromagnet and a spring is used to fix the sphere through the suction of the electromagnet. The spring releases the sphere after power failure. Precise observation is carried out by combining multiple high-speed cameras and grid paper, and pressure sensors are used to calculate the motion parameters of the sphere.
The free floating and fixation of a sphere without initial velocity was achieved, ensuring the accuracy of the observation process and multi-angle shooting, reducing the experimental cost and improving the measurement accuracy of motion parameters.
Smart Images
Figure CN120740918A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to an observation device for the free floating motion of a sphere under ice and a use method thereof, belonging to the field of fluid mechanics. Background Art
[0002] The study of the free ascent of a sphere from beneath ice is a crucial issue in fluid mechanics. This research typically requires the sphere to ascend from a certain depth beneath the ice with zero initial velocity. Traditional studies often use electromagnets to secure the sphere to the bottom of a pool, but this method is not suitable for securing non-magnetic spheres underwater. The downward pressure placement method is not applicable to surfacing to the ice surface. Furthermore, the removal of the downward pressure disturbs the water surface, affecting the sphere's free ascent trajectory. It may also impart a certain initial velocity to the sphere, leading to deviations in the subsequent measurement and analysis of key parameters such as the sphere's ascent velocity and acceleration. Current experiments typically use a short ascent depth during the sphere's free ascent. While a high-speed camera can capture the required footage, accurately observing the entire sphere's motion presents difficulties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an observation device for the free ascent of spheres of varying sizes beneath ice. Summary of the Invention
[0003] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an observation device for the free floating motion of a sphere under ice. The device accurately fixes the sphere underwater, achieves stable fixation and release without initial velocity for spheres of different sizes, and simultaneously realizes observation of the entire floating process of the sphere.
[0004] Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an observation device for the free floating movement of a sphere under ice, comprising a water pool, a bottom plate is arranged in the water pool, a first partition plate, a second partition plate and a third partition plate are arranged on the bottom plate in sequence, a left support rod is provided on the second partition plate, the left support rod is provided with a step hole, a movable left extension rod is provided in the step hole, a first spring is sleeved on the left extension rod, the first spring is connected to a spring push frame, the spring push frame is fixedly connected to a magnet, and an electromagnet is fixedly connected to the second partition plate; a number of high-speed cameras are arranged around the water pool; a right support rod is provided on the third partition plate, a right extension rod is provided at one end of the right support rod, the spherical model is clamped by the clamping action of the left extension rod and the right extension rod; when the electromagnet is energized, the magnet is driven to move, thereby driving the left extension rod to move and clamping the spherical model; when the electromagnet is de-energized, the first spring causes the left extension rod to move left, thereby causing the spherical model to float.
[0005] Preferably, a false bottom is provided in the water pool, a grid paper is provided on the false bottom, the false bottom is supported in the water pool by a false bottom support rod, and a camera is provided above the grid paper.
[0006] Preferably, the spherical model is hollow and divided into two parts along the diameter. The two parts are tightly combined by a spiral. A pressure sensor is fixed inside the sphere, and the remaining space inside the sphere is used to place the center of gravity adjustment material, such as a resin 3D printed frame and a counterweight. After measuring the initial center of gravity of the sphere, the required counterweight mass and placement position are obtained by calculation, and the position of the counterweight is fixed by the resin 3D printed frame so that the center of gravity of the sphere is located at the center of the sphere after assembly; six dots of different colors are set on the surface of the sphere, and the angle between two adjacent dots and the center is 90°; the density of the spherical material is uniform.
[0007] Preferably, an electromagnet fixing plate is installed on the second partition plate, and the electromagnet is fixed on the electromagnet fixing plate.
[0008] Preferably, the right support rod is provided with a stepped hole, one end of the right extension rod is located in the stepped hole, a second spring is installed in the stepped hole, and the second spring is fixed in the stepped hole through a mounting plate.
[0009] The observation system is provided with high-speed cameras arranged at equal intervals perpendicular to the ground, and grid paper is pasted on the surface of the pool photographed by the cameras; a high-speed camera is provided perpendicular to the upper surface of the pool, and grid paper is pasted on the false bottom photographed by the cameras.
[0010] The bottom of the false bottom of the simulated ice surface is provided with an adjustable false bottom support rod, which is perpendicular to the pool and connected to the bottom of the pool.
[0011] The present invention provides an observation device for the free ascent of spheres of various sizes beneath ice. It is designed to allow observation of spheres of varying sizes while being secured underwater, without initial velocity release, and then free-floating to the ice surface. When the electromagnet is energized, the magnet and the electromagnet completely mate, securing the sphere. When the electromagnet is de-energized, a high-speed camera is activated to film the sphere's free ascent. The device comprises four main components: a sphere securing system, a sphere model, a sphere observation system, and a false bottom simulating an ice surface. The sphere securing system includes a sphere securing support system, a securing system size adjustment system, and a sphere control system.
[0012] In the present invention, the fixed body support system of the sphere fixing system includes: a base plate, a first partition plate, a second partition plate, and a third partition plate; the fixing system size adjustment system includes: a right support rod, a right support rod extension rod, and a right support rod extension rod adjustment rod; the sphere control system includes: a spring push frame, a spring, a magnet, an electromagnet, an electromagnet fixing plate, a left support rod, and a left support rod extension rod.
[0013] In the present invention, the size of the fixed body support system is determined according to the size of the sphere to be fixed and the depth of the fixing point. The centers of the circular holes on the second partition board and the third partition board are located on the same horizontal line and the circular holes are of the same size.
[0014] In the present invention, the right support rod in the fixing system size adjustment system is fixed to the third partition plate. The right support rod extension rod adjustment rod is connected to the right support rod through a thread, and the length of the right support rod extension rod adjustment rod within the right support rod can be adjusted by rotating it to thereby adjust the extension length of the right support rod extension rod.
[0015] In the present invention, the left support rod in the spherical control system is fixed to the second partition plate. The electromagnet is fixed by the electromagnet fixing plate and has no contact with the spring push frame. The attractive force between the electromagnet and the magnet is much greater than the compression force of the spring. The spring is in a compressed or natural state when the electromagnet is not energized.
[0016] In the present invention, the spherical model is hollow and divided into two parts along the diameter. The two parts are tightly combined by a spiral. A pressure sensor is fixed inside the sphere, and the remaining space inside the sphere is used to place the center of gravity adjustment material, such as a resin 3D printed frame and a counterweight. After measuring the initial center of gravity of the sphere, the required counterweight mass and placement position are obtained by calculation, and the position of the counterweight is fixed using the resin 3D printed frame so that the center of gravity of the sphere is located at the center of the sphere after assembly; six dots of different colors are set on the surface of the sphere, and the angle between two adjacent dots and the center is 90°; the density of the spherical material is uniform.
[0017] In the present invention, the spherical observation system includes: a high-speed camera and grid paper.
[0018] In the present invention, high-speed cameras in the sphere observation system are arranged at equal intervals perpendicular to the ground. The frame rate and the distance of the sphere's ascent are adjusted based on the accuracy of the image capture. Grid paper is affixed to the surface of the pool captured by the high-speed cameras. Another high-speed camera is positioned vertically downward from the top of the pool through a false bottom simulating ice, and the upper surface of the false bottom captured by the high-speed camera is affixed with grid paper.
[0019] In the present invention, the false bottom simulating the ice surface comprises: a false bottom and false bottom support rods.
[0020] In the present invention, the false bottom simulating the ice surface is made of highly transparent PMMA (plexiglass), a false bottom support rod is arranged below the false bottom so that the false bottom is perpendicular to the pool bottom, and the bottom of the false bottom support rod is connected to the pool bottom.
[0021] A method for using a device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) To fix the sphere, turn on the power supply, so that the electromagnet generates suction to attract the magnet. The spring push frame moves to the right under the suction of the magnet to compress the spring. At the same time, the left support rod extends to the right to limit the movement of the sphere to be fixed, thus completing the sphere fixation; (2) To release the ball, cut off the power supply, so that the electromagnet loses its power and loses its suction force, releasing the magnet. The spring push frame moves to the left under the compression force of the spring to relax the spring. At the same time, the left support rod extension rod moves to the left to release the fixed ball, completing the ball release; (3) For the adjustment of the fixed size, first adjust the right support rod extension rod adjustment rod to retract the right support rod extension rod to the shortest length, then turn on the power to move the left support rod extension rod to the right to the position where the ball is fixed, then fit the ball to be fixed with the left support rod extension rod, adjust the right support rod extension rod adjustment rod to extend the right support rod extension rod to the position where the ball can be fixed, and complete the adjustment of the fixed size; (4) For high-speed camera shooting, the sphere fixing system is powered off and the high-speed camera and pressure sensor are started at the same time. Each high-speed camera shoots a section of the vertical plane movement of the sphere model during the free floating process from the side of the pool. If the floating distance of the sphere model is high, the number of high-speed cameras arranged on this side can be increased. At the same time, another high-speed camera shoots the entire horizontal plane movement of the sphere during the free floating process from the top of the pool through the false bottom; (5) For the observation of spherical motion, the rotation trajectory of the spherical model is obtained by analyzing the motion trajectories of dots of different colors on the spherical model captured by a high-speed camera. The distance between the spherical model and the liquid surface is calculated by the pressure on the lower surface of the spherical model obtained by the pressure sensor, and then the floating speed of the spherical model is calculated.
[0022] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: ① The fixed sphere of the present invention does not need to be magnetic and can meet the underwater fixation requirements of different materials; ② The present invention can achieve underwater fixation of spheres of different sizes by adjusting the distance between the right support rod extension rod and the right support rod, effectively reducing the experimental cost; ③ The present invention uses the suction force of the electromagnet to fix the ball after power is turned on, and uses the compression force of the spring to release the ball after power is turned off, which can ensure that the ball is stable underwater, and the release time is short, which can ensure that the ball floats up with zero initial velocity; ④ The electromagnet of the present invention is powered off and the high-speed camera is started at the same time, ensuring that the observed sphere's floating process starts from zero initial velocity; ⑤ The present invention uses multiple high-speed cameras to shoot simultaneously and there is a grid paper for positioning on the shooting surface to ensure that the acceleration, speed and other information of the sphere after observation and calculation are accurate; ⑥ The present invention sets six dots of different colors on the surface of the sphere model, and the rotation of the sphere can be analyzed simultaneously during the shooting data observation, ensuring that the sphere's free floating movement can be observed.
[0023] ○7 The present invention uses pressure sensor data to calculate the height of the sphere from the liquid surface, and then infers the speed of the sphere's floating movement. This method is more accurate than calculating the speed using high-speed camera photography. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural side view of the ball fixing system of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the sphere fixing system of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural oblique view of the sphere fixing system of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural side view of the spherical model of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spherical model of the present invention.
[0030] In the figure: 1. Base plate; 2. First partition plate; 3. Second partition plate; 4. Third partition plate; 5. Spring push frame; 6. Electromagnet fixing plate; 7. Spring; 8. Left support rod; 9. Left support rod extension rod; 10. Right support rod; 11. Right support rod extension rod; 12. Magnet; 13. Electromagnet; 14. Right support rod extension rod adjustment rod; 15. Sphere model; 16. High-speed camera 1; 17. High-speed camera 2; 18. High-speed camera 3; 19. Pool; 20. Grid paper 1; 21. Sphere fixing system; 22. Grid paper 2; 23. False bottom; 24. False bottom support rod 1; 25. False bottom support rod 2; 26. False bottom support rod 3; 27. False bottom support rod 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0032] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the sphere fixing system of the present invention includes a base plate 1, a first partition plate 2, a second partition plate 3, and a third partition plate 4 are fixed above the base plate 1, a spring push frame 5 is installed between the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3, the spring push frame 5 is not connected to the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3, a magnet 12 is fixed to the spring push frame 5 near the first partition plate 2 side in the spring push frame 5, the spring push frame 5 is fixed to the spring 7 and the left support rod extension rod 9 near the second partition plate 3 side outside the spring push frame 5, the upper part of the second partition plate 3 is connected to the electromagnet fixing plate 6, the lower part of the electromagnet fixing plate 6 is fixed to the electromagnet 13, the electromagnet 13 is located in the spring push frame 5 and does not contact the spring push frame 5; between the second partition plate 3 and the third partition plate 4 A left support rod 8 and a right support rod 10 are installed. There is a circular hole on the second partition plate 3 for fixing the left support rod 8. The left support rod 8 is connected to the second partition plate 3 at the same time as the spring 7. A left support rod extension rod 9 with a fixed length and horizontal movement is provided in the left support rod 8. There is a circular hole on the third partition plate 4 for connecting the right support rod 10. The centers of the circular holes on the second partition plate 3 and the third partition plate 4 are located on the same horizontal line. A right support rod extension rod 11 is provided in the right support rod 10, which can be adjusted by the right support rod extension rod adjusting rod 14. The right support rod extension rod adjusting rod 14 is connected to the right support rod extension rod 11, and the right support rod extension rod adjusting rod 14 is connected to the right support rod 10 through a thread.
[0033] To fix the sphere, first place the sphere in the middle area of the left support rod extension rod 9 and the right support rod extension rod 11, so that the sphere fits in with the right support rod extension rod 11; then turn on the power, so that the electromagnet 13 is energized to generate suction to attract the magnet 12, and the spring push frame 5 moves to the right under the suction force of the magnet 12 to compress the spring 7. At the same time, the left support rod extension rod 9 moves to the right to limit the movement of the sphere to be fixed, thereby completing the fixation of the sphere.
[0034] To release the ball, cut off the power supply, so that the electromagnet 13 loses power and loses suction, releasing the magnet 12. The spring push frame 5 moves to the left under the compression force of the spring 7 to relax the spring 7. At the same time, the left support rod extension rod 9 moves to the left to release the fixed ball, completing the ball release.
[0035] For the fixed size adjustment, first adjust the right support rod extension rod adjusting rod 14 to retract the right support rod extension rod 11 to the shortest length; then turn on the power, so that the electromagnet 13 is energized to generate suction to attract the magnet 12, and the spring push frame 5 moves to the right under the suction force of the magnet 12 to compress the spring 7, and at the same time the left support rod extension rod 9 moves to the right to reach the position when the sphere is fixed; then the sphere to be fixed is fitted with the left support rod extension rod 9, and the right support rod extension rod adjusting rod 14 is adjusted to make the right support rod extension rod 11 extend to the position where the sphere can be fixed, thereby completing the fixed size adjustment.
[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the spherical model 15 is hollow and divided into two parts along the diameter 28, and the two parts are tightly combined by a spiral; six dots of different colors are set on the surface of the spherical model 15, and the angle between two adjacent dots and the center of the circle is 90°; the material density of the spherical model 15 is uniform.
[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the sphere fixing system 21 of the present invention is placed at the bottom of the pool. A false bottom 23 simulating an ice surface is held perpendicular to the pool floor using false bottom support rods 1 24, 25, 3 26, and 4 27 located at the four corners. The bases of these support rods 1 24, 25, 3 26, and 4 27 are connected to the pool floor. High-speed cameras 1 16 and 17 are arranged perpendicularly and evenly spaced relative to the ground. The frame rate of each high-speed camera and the distance between the camera and the pool 19 are adjusted to ensure the accuracy of capturing the sphere model 15 during its ascent. Grid paper 1 20 is attached to the surface of the pool captured by high-speed cameras 1 16 and 17. High-speed camera 3 18 captures the false bottom 23 simulating an ice surface vertically downward from the top of the pool 19. Grid paper 2 22 is attached to the upper surface of the false bottom 23 captured by high-speed camera 3 18.
[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the spherical model 15 of the present invention is a hollow model with uniform density. A pressure sensor 29 is fixed inside the spherical model 15. The remaining space inside the spherical model 15 is used to place center of gravity adjustment materials, such as a resin 3D printing frame 30 and a counterweight block 31. After measuring the initial center of gravity of the sphere, the required mass and placement position of the counterweight block 31 are obtained by calculation. The position of the counterweight block 31 is fixed using the resin 3D printing frame 30 so that the center of gravity of the spherical model 15 is located at the center of the sphere model 15 after assembly.
[0039] For high-speed camera recording, the sphere mounting system 21 is powered off and the high-speed cameras are activated simultaneously. High-speed cameras 16 and 17 capture the first and second halves of the vertical motion of the sphere model 15 during its free ascent from the side of the pool 19. If the sphere model 15 ascends a considerable distance, additional high-speed cameras can be deployed on this side, with each capturing a portion of the sphere model 15's free ascent. High-speed camera 3 18 captures the entire horizontal motion of the sphere model 15 during its free ascent from the top of the pool 19 through the false bottom 23.
[0040] For the observation of spherical motion, the rotation trajectory of the spherical model 15 is obtained by analyzing the motion trajectories of dots of different colors on the spherical model 15 obtained by a high-speed camera; the speed and acceleration of the spherical model 15 in the horizontal and vertical planes are obtained by analyzing the vertical and horizontal motion trajectories of the sphere obtained by a high-speed camera.
[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. An observation device for the free upward movement of a sphere under ice, characterized by: The utility model comprises a water pool, in which a bottom plate is arranged, on which a first partition plate, a second partition plate and a third partition plate are arranged in sequence, a left support rod is arranged on the second partition plate, the left support rod is provided with a step hole, a movable left extension rod is arranged in the step hole, a first spring is sleeved on the left extension rod, the first spring is connected to a spring push frame, the spring push frame is fixedly connected to a magnet, and an electromagnet is fixedly connected to the second partition plate; a plurality of high-speed cameras are arranged around the water pool; a right support rod is arranged on the third partition plate, one end of the right support rod is provided with a right extension rod, and a spherical model is clamped by the clamping action of the left extension rod and the right extension rod; when the electromagnet is energized, the magnet is driven to move, thereby driving the left extension rod to move and clamping the spherical model; when the electromagnet is de-energized, the first spring causes the left extension rod to move left, thereby causing the spherical model to float.
2. The device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice according to claim 1, characterized in that: A false bottom is provided in the water pool, a grid paper is provided on the false bottom, the false bottom is supported in the water pool by a false bottom support rod, and a camera is provided above the grid paper.
3. The device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical model is hollow and divided into two parts along the diameter. The two parts are tightly combined by a spiral. A pressure sensor is fixed inside the sphere, and the remaining space inside the sphere is used to place the center of gravity adjustment material. Six dots of different colors are set on the surface of the sphere, and the angle between two adjacent dots and the center of the circle is 90 degrees. The density of the spherical material is uniform.
4. The device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electromagnet fixing plate is installed on the second partition plate, and the electromagnet is fixed on the electromagnet fixing plate.
5. The device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right support rod is provided with a stepped hole, one end of the right extension rod is located in the stepped hole, a second spring is installed in the stepped hole, and the second spring is fixed in the stepped hole through a mounting plate.
6. A method for using the device for observing the free upward movement of a sphere under ice according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) To fix the sphere, turn on the power supply, so that the electromagnet generates suction to attract the magnet. The spring push frame moves to the right under the suction of the magnet to compress the spring. At the same time, the left support rod extends to the right to limit the movement of the sphere to be fixed, thus completing the fixation of the sphere. (2) To release the ball, cut off the power supply, so that the electromagnet loses its power and loses its suction force, releasing the magnet. The spring push frame moves to the left under the compression force of the spring to relax the spring. At the same time, the left support rod extension rod moves to the left to release the fixed ball, completing the ball release; (3) For the adjustment of the fixed size, first adjust the right support rod extension rod adjustment rod to retract the right support rod extension rod to the shortest length, then turn on the power to move the left support rod extension rod to the right to the position where the ball is fixed, then fit the ball to be fixed with the left support rod extension rod, adjust the right support rod extension rod adjustment rod to extend the right support rod extension rod to the position where the ball can be fixed, and complete the adjustment of the fixed size; (4) For high-speed camera shooting, the sphere fixing system is powered off and the high-speed camera and pressure sensor are started at the same time. Each high-speed camera shoots a section of the vertical plane movement of the sphere model during the free floating process from the side of the pool. If the floating distance of the sphere model is high, the number of high-speed cameras arranged on this side can be increased. At the same time, another high-speed camera shoots the entire horizontal plane movement of the sphere during the free floating process from the top of the pool through the false bottom; (5) For the observation of spherical motion, the rotation trajectory of the spherical model is obtained by analyzing the motion trajectories of dots of different colors on the spherical model captured by a high-speed camera. The distance between the spherical model and the liquid surface is calculated by the pressure on the lower surface of the spherical model obtained by the pressure sensor, and then the floating speed of the spherical model is calculated.