Deuterium tritium fusion power diagnosis spectrometer based on SiPM array and measurement method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a SiPM array-based deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnosis spectrometer and a measurement method thereof. The diagnosis spectrometer comprises a cylinder body; the conversion target, the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array are sequentially arranged on the cylinder body at intervals; a radiator filled between the conversion target and the light-transmitting layer; the SiPM array comprises a plurality of silicon photomultipliers, and the plurality of silicon photomultipliers are distributed in an array and form an annular array; the conversion target is configured to generate electrons when irradiated by gamma rays formed by fusion, and the irradiation position of the gamma rays corresponds to the ring hole position of the annular array; the radiator is configured to generate Cherenkov radiation under the action of electrons; the silicon photomultiplier is configured to detect the Cherenkov radiation, and the backlash electron scattering angle is determined according to the position information of the silicon photomultiplier which detects the Cherenkov radiation, so that the energy of the gamma ray is determined, and the measurement accuracy is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion diagnosis, and in particular to a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array and a measurement method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, in addition to neutrons with energies of 14.1 MeV, a large number of high-energy gamma rays are also produced. These gamma rays, as a reaction product, carry information about some of the energy released during the fusion process, becoming an important diagnostic channel in addition to the absolute count of 14.1 MeV neutrons. Counting and energy detection of high-energy gamma rays not only enables effective assessment of fusion reactor power but also provides important supplementary diagnostic evidence for plasma energy transport, reaction mechanisms, and other key physical processes.

[0003] In existing technologies, high-energy gamma measurement methods often rely on scintillators or high-purity germanium detectors. When faced with the high-flux, strong radiation, and wide dynamic range fusion environment, these devices have problems such as count rate saturation and poor temperature adaptability, resulting in low accuracy in fusion power diagnosis.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on SiPM array and its measurement method in response to the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, aiming to solve the problem of low accuracy of fusion power diagnosis in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the solution of the present invention provides a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array, comprising:

[0008] Cylinder;

[0009] The conversion target, the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array are sequentially arranged in intervals on the cylinder;

[0010] a radiator, filled between the conversion target and the light-transmitting layer;

[0011] The SiPM array includes a plurality of silicon photomultipliers, which are distributed in an array and form a ring array;

[0012] The conversion target is configured to generate electrons when irradiated by gamma rays formed by fusion, wherein the irradiation position of the gamma rays corresponds to the position of the ring holes of the ring array;

[0013] The radiator is configured to generate Cherenkov radiation under the action of the electrons;

[0014] The silicon photomultiplier is configured to detect the Cerenkov radiation, determine the recoil electron scattering angle based on the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cerenkov radiation, and determine the energy of the gamma ray based on the recoil electron scattering angle.

[0015] In this scheme, the position of Cherenkov radiation on the SiPM array is used to calculate the recoil electron scattering angle, which is then used to determine the energy of the gamma rays, thereby calculating the fusion power. The SiPM array is not susceptible to saturation and is less affected by temperature, resulting in highly accurate measurements.

[0016] In another embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the radiator is 1.0 to 1.3, and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer is 1.0 to 1.3.

[0017] In this solution, the refractive index of the radiator and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer are both close to 1.0, which makes the calculation simpler.

[0018] In other embodiments of the present invention, the cylindrical body has air holes corresponding to positions between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array, and the air holes are configured to extract air.

[0019] In this solution, extracting air can reduce the impact of air on measurement and further improve measurement accuracy.

[0020] In other embodiments of the present invention, the radiator is selected from C4F 10 , CF4, C5F 12 One of the embodiments, wherein the conversion target is a beryllium target; the diameter of the cylinder is 100 mm to 300 mm; the width of the annular hole is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the conversion target is 1 mm to 3 mm; the thickness of the radiator is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the light-transmitting layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm; the distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array is 150 mm to 300 mm; and the effective detection area of ​​a single silicon photomultiplier in the SiPM array is 1 mm×1 mm to 10 mm×10 mm.

[0021] In this solution, the size of each structure can be configured according to the specific application scenario.

[0022] In a second aspect, the solution of the present invention provides a measurement method of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array as described in any one of the above, comprising the steps of:

[0023] Determining the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects Cherenkov radiation;

[0024] determining a recoil electron scattering angle based on the position information;

[0025] The energy of the gamma ray is determined according to the recoil electron scattering angle.

[0026] In this scheme, the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects Cherenkov radiation is determined, the recoil electron scattering angle is calculated, and the energy of the gamma ray is obtained, and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0027] In other embodiments of the present invention, the energy of the gamma ray is:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, E γ represents the energy of gamma rays, E e represents the total energy of scattered electrons, E θ represents the rest energy of the electron, c represents the speed of light, sin(·) represents the sine function, cos(·) represents the cosine function, represents the recoil electron scattering angle, θ represents the Cherenkov radiation angle, m e represents the rest mass of the scattered electron, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, arc tan(·) represents the inverse tangent function, R′ represents the radius of the Cerenkov ring projection circle, and L represents the vertical distance between the vertex of the light cone and the SiPM array.

[0030] In this scheme, the total energy of the scattered electrons is calculated by the recoil electron scattering angle, and then the energy of the gamma rays is calculated based on the total energy of the scattered electrons and the recoil electron scattering angle.

[0031] In other embodiments of the present invention, the recoil electron scattering angle is:

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Where arc cos(·) represents the inverse cosine function, represents the direction vector of the light cone axis, |·| represents the absolute value function, x0 represents the x-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, the light cone vertex is located at half the thickness of the radiator, y0 represents the y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, and D2 represents the thickness of the radiator;

[0035] The x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex satisfy the following relationship:

[0036]

[0037] in, represents the direction vector of the first busbar, represents the direction vector of the second busbar, represents the direction vector of the third busbar, represents the direction vector of the fourth busbar. When the Cherenkov radiation cone is irradiated on the SiPM array, an ellipse is formed. x1 represents the x-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, y1 represents the y-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, x2 represents the x-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, y2 represents the y-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, x3 represents the x-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, y3 represents the y-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, x4 represents the x-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse, y4 represents the y-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse, Z represents the z-axis coordinate of the SiPM array, and D1 represents the thickness of the conversion target.

[0038] In this scheme, the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cherenkov radiation is used to calculate the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, and then the recoil electron scattering angle is obtained based on the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex.

[0039] In other embodiments of the present invention, the measuring method further comprises:

[0040] The fusion power is determined according to the energy of the gamma rays.

[0041] In this scheme, the fusion power is calculated by the energy of gamma rays.

[0042] In a third aspect, the solution of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of any of the above measurement methods when executing the computer program.

[0043] In a fourth aspect, a solution of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the measurement method as described in any one of the above items.

[0044] Beneficial effects: The recoil electron scattering angle and the Cherenkov radiation angle are determined based on the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cherenkov radiation, and the energy of the gamma ray is determined based on the recoil electron scattering angle and the Cherenkov radiation angle, with high measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a functional principle block diagram of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 It is a stereoscopic diagram of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 1 is an exploded view of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 4 is a side view of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 6 It is a first principle schematic diagram of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the coordinate system of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 9 3 is a second principle schematic diagram of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 10 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the recoil electron scattering angle and Y in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 11 3 is a position distribution diagram of silicon photomultipliers that detect Cherenkov radiation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 12 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the energy distribution of Compton scattered electrons and the electron threshold energy and the refractive index in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the principle of Cherenkov radiation refraction in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the principle of Cherenkov radiation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 15 This is the energy spectrum of gamma rays obtained by simulation calculation of SiPM arrays with different channel sizes in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Description of reference numerals:

[0061] 10. Cylinder; 11. Ring structure; 111. Air hole; 12. Flange structure; 121. Material hole; 13. End cover; 20. Conversion target; 30. Light-transmitting layer; 40. End plate; 50. Radiator; 60. SiPM array; 61. Silicon photomultiplier; 62. Ring hole; 70. Connecting flange. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and distinct, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0063] Please also see Figures 1-15 The present invention provides some embodiments of a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array can be applied to a deuterium-tritium fusion reactor to perform diagnostic measurements of deuterium-tritium fusion power.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array 60 of the present invention includes a conversion target 20, which is configured to generate electrons (such as Figure 1 The wavy solid arrows represent gamma rays, and the hollow arrows represent electrons). The conversion target 20 can be a beryllium target. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer includes a radiator 50, which is configured to generate Cherenkov radiation (such as Figure 1 The solid arrows represent Cherenkov radiation. The refractive index of the radiator 50 is 1.0 to 1.3. The radiator 50 may be C4F 10 , CF4 or C5F 12 . The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer includes a light-transmitting layer 30, which is configured to isolate the radiator 50 and allow Cherenkov radiation to pass through. The refractive index of the light-transmitting layer 30 is 1.0 to 1.3. The light-transmitting layer 30 can be made of aerogel materials, cryolite materials, etc. with a low refractive index. The light-transmitting layer 30 can be made of composite materials and have negative refractive index materials added. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer includes a SiPM (Silicon photomultiplier) array. The SiPM array 60 is configured to detect the position information of Cherenkov radiation irradiation, and determine the recoil electron scattering angle based on the position information, and determine the energy of the gamma ray based on the recoil electron scattering angle, so that the deuterium-tritium fusion power can be determined based on the energy of the gamma ray.

[0065] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer includes a housing 10, which is configured to be mounted on a connecting flange 70, which can be the connecting flange 70 of a deuterium-tritium fusion reactor. High-energy gamma rays generated by the deuterium-tritium fusion reactor pass through the connecting flange 70 and irradiate the conversion target 20. Housing 10 includes a ring structure 11, which is annular and configured to accommodate the conversion target 20 and a light-transmitting layer 30. Together, the ring structure 11, the conversion target 20, and the light-transmitting layer 30 form a first cylindrical space, which houses the radiator 50. Housing 10 also includes a cylindrical flange structure 12, which is connected to the ring structure 11 using bolts or other fasteners. The ring structure 11 and the connecting flange 70 clamp the conversion target 20, while the ring structure 11 and the flange structure 12 clamp the light-transmitting layer 30. The ring structure 11 is provided with a material hole 121, into which the radiator 50 can be injected and air can be exhausted. The flange structure 12 is provided with an air hole 111, which can be used to exhaust the air within the flange structure 12. Specifically, a pump body is used to connect the air hole 111 and extract the air within the flange structure 12. The cylinder 10 includes an end plate 40. The end plate 40 and the light-transmitting layer 30 are respectively located at the ends of the flange structure 12, and the air hole 111 is located between the end plate 40 and the light-transmitting layer 30. The end plate 40 is configured to accommodate a SiPM array 60. The SiPM array 60 includes a plurality of silicon photomultipliers 61 arranged in an array on the end plate 40 to form a ring array. The ring array has an annular hole 62 at the center. The annular hole 62 can be a circular hole or a polygonal hole with a polygonal number of sides greater than or equal to 4. The silicon photomultiplier 61 has the advantages of arrayability, magnetic field resistance, high gain, and low noise. The end plate 40 and the flange structure 12 are connected by bolts or other locking accessories.

[0066] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the conversion target 20, the light-transmitting layer 30, and the SiPM array 60 are sequentially spaced apart. The conversion target 20, the ring structure 11, and the light-transmitting layer 30 together form a first cylindrical space, while the light-transmitting layer 30, the flange structure 12, and the end plate 40 together form a second cylindrical space. The conversion target 20 and the ring structure 11 are sealed together, and the ring structure 11 and the light-transmitting layer 30 are sealed together, making the first cylindrical space a closed space. The light-transmitting layer 30 and the flange structure 12 are sealed together, and the flange structure 12 and the end plate 40 are sealed together, making the second cylindrical space a closed space.

[0067] like Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the diameter of the cylinder is 150 mm, the width of the annular aperture is 30 mm, the thickness of the conversion target is 2 mm, the thickness of the radiator is 20 mm, the thickness of the light-transmitting layer is 0.01 mm, the distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array is 190 mm, and the effective detection area of ​​a single silicon photomultiplier in the SiPM array is 1 mm × 1 mm. In other implementations, the diameter of the cylinder is 100 mm to 300 mm; the width of the annular aperture is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the conversion target is 1 mm to 3 mm; the thickness of the radiator is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the light-transmitting layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm; the distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array is 150 mm to 300 mm; and the effective detection area of ​​a single silicon photomultiplier in the SiPM array is 1 mm × 1 mm to 10 mm × 10 mm.

[0068] like Figure 8 As shown, when gamma rays irradiate the conversion target, the conversion target generates electrons. The speed of electrons in the radiation body is v, and the speed of light in the radiation body is Among them, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, c represents the speed of light, The electrons can then form Cherenkov radiation in the radiator. A coordinate system is established with the center of the conversion target as the origin, the propagation direction of the gamma ray as the z-axis, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the z-axis as the x-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the z-axis and the x-axis as the y-axis.

[0069] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, for the electrons generated on the inner side of the conversion target, in order to simplify the calculation, it is assumed that the electrons are generated on the inner side of the conversion target parallel to the xy plane, and the distance between the electrons and the center of the inner side of the conversion target is Y, the vertical distance between the SiPM array and the center of the inner side of the conversion target is L′, and the angle difference is:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, Δ θ Indicates the angle difference, represents the recoil electron scattering angle at the actual position, represents the recoil electron scattering angle at the center of the inner surface of the conversion target, Y represents the distance between the electron and the center of the inner surface of the conversion target, and L′ represents the vertical distance between the SiPM array and the center of the inner surface of the conversion target.

[0072] like Figure 10 As shown, in And within the range of 0≤Y≤1mm, 0°≤Δ θ ≤0.27°, angle difference Δ θ It is small, so it can be considered that the position of the electrons generated in the conversion target is at the center of the inner side of the conversion target. Therefore, the scattering angle of the recoil electrons at the center of the inner side of the conversion target is As the recoil electron scattering angle

[0073] like Figure 11 As shown, when the Cerenkov radiation cone is irradiated onto the SiPM array, it forms an ellipse (see Figure 7 and Figure 8 ), Cherenkov radiation is a hollow conical light cone, the vertex of which is located inside the radiating body (see Figure 8 ). To simplify the calculation, the vertex of the light cone is set to be half the thickness of the radiator, then the coordinates of the vertex of the light cone are Where x0 represents the x-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, y0 represents the y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, D1 represents the thickness of the conversion target, and D2 represents the thickness of the radiator. The direction vector of the light cone axis is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] The recoil electron scattering angle is:

[0076]

[0077] in, Recoil electron scattering angle, arc cos(·) represents the arc cosine function, and |·| represents the absolute value function. Related to the x-axis and y-axis coordinates (x0, y0) of the light cone vertex.

[0078] The half-apex angle of the hollow cone, that is, the Cherenkov radiation angle θ, satisfies the following relationship:

[0079]

[0080] Where tan(·) represents the tangent function, θ represents the Cherenkov radiation angle, R′ represents the radius of the Cherenkov ring projection circle, and L0 represents the distance between the vertex of the light cone and the center of the Cherenkov ring projection ellipse.

[0081] Since the Cherenkov radiation angle θ is small, set Where L represents the vertical distance between the light cone vertex and the SiPM array, represents the recoil electron scattering angle, and cos(·) represents the cosine function. Therefore, the Cherenkov radiation angle is:

[0082]

[0083] Where θ represents the Cerenkov radiation angle, arc tan(·) represents the inverse tangent function, R′ represents the radius of the Cerenkov ring projection circle, L represents the vertical distance between the vertex of the light cone and the SiPM array, and cos(·) represents the cosine function. represents the recoil electron scattering angle.

[0084] The Cherenkov radiation angle θ also satisfies the following relationship:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, θ represents the Cherenkov radiation angle, cos(·) represents the cosine function, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, c represents the speed of light, and v represents the speed of the recoil electron in the radiator. Then:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, E e represents the total energy of scattered electrons, m e represents the rest mass of the scattered electron, v represents the speed of the recoil electron in the radiator, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, and c represents the speed of light.

[0089] According to the Compton scattering principle, the energy and momentum of the incident gamma ray, scattered photon and recoil electron are conserved, specifically:

[0090] E γ +E0=E γ ′+E e (Conservation of energy);

[0091] (Relativistic relationship between total energy and momentum of electrons);

[0092] (Conservation of momentum);

[0093] (Conservation of momentum);

[0094] Among them, E γ represents the energy of gamma rays, E e Represents the total energy of scattered electrons, E0 represents the rest energy of electrons, usually E0=0.511MeV, E γ ′ represents the kinetic energy of the scattered photon, c represents the speed of light, and p e represents the momentum of the recoil electron, sin(·) represents the sine function, cos(·) represents the cosine function, represents the recoil electron scattering angle, and α represents the photon scattering angle.

[0095] The energy of the gamma ray is:

[0096]

[0097] Get the recoil electron scattering angle Then, according to the recoil electron scattering angle Determine the total energy E of the scattered electrons e ; According to the recoil electron scattering angle and the total energy E of the scattered electrons e , determine the energy E of the gamma ray γ .

[0098] Recoil electron scattering angle It is related to the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate (x0, y0) of the light cone vertex. The x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate (x0, y0) of the light cone vertex can be calculated by the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cherenkov radiation. Then the recoil electron scattering angle is The position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cerenkov radiation can be obtained. The position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cerenkov radiation can be expressed as the x-axis coordinate and the y-axis coordinate of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cerenkov radiation (see Figure 11 ).

[0099] When the energy of the recoil electrons generated by the conversion target reaches the electron threshold energy, Cherenkov radiation will be generated. The electron threshold energy is:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, E th represents the electron threshold energy, m0 represents the mass of the recoil electron, c represents the speed of light, and n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator.

[0102] like Figure 12 As shown in Figure 1, when 1.0005≤n1≤1.0025, the energy of more recoil electrons can reach the electron threshold energy and form Cherenkov radiation. 10 The refractive index is 1.0013-1.0024 (20°C, 1 bar). Other fluorides such as CF4 or C5F can also be used. 12 .

[0103] In calculating the recoil electron scattering angle When , you need to first solve the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate (x0, y0) of the light cone vertex. The specific process is as follows:

[0104] like Figure 13 As shown, the Cherenkov radiation from the radiator enters the light-transmitting layer and undergoes the first refraction, and the Cherenkov radiation from the light-transmitting layer enters the second cylindrical space and undergoes the second refraction. During the two refractions, we have:

[0105] n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2=n3sinθ3;

[0106] Wherein, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, θ1 represents the incident angle of the Cherenkov radiation in the first refraction, n2 represents the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer, θ2 represents the incident angle of the Cherenkov radiation in the second refraction, n3 represents the refractive index of the second cylindrical space, and θ3 represents the exit angle of the Cherenkov radiation in the second refraction.

[0107] like Figure 14 As shown in Figure 1, when n1=n2=n3, θ1=θ2=θ3. When the Cherenkov radiation cone is irradiated on the SiPM array, an ellipse is formed. Four non-overlapping points are selected on the ellipse, and their coordinates are (x1, y1, Z), (x2, y2, Z), (x3, y3, Z), and (x4, y4, Z). Z represents the z-axis coordinate of the SiPM array, x1 represents the x-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, y1 represents the y-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, x2 represents the x-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, y2 represents the y-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, x3 represents the x-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, y3 represents the y-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, x4 represents the x-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse, and y4 represents the y-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse. The direction vectors of the four generatrixes corresponding to the four points on the ellipse are as follows:

[0108]

[0109] in, represents the direction vector of the first busbar, represents the direction vector of the second busbar, represents the direction vector of the third busbar, Represents the direction vector of the fourth busbar.

[0110] The direction vectors of the four generatrixes and the direction vector of the light cone axis satisfy the following relationship:

[0111]

[0112] By solving these two equations, we can get the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate (x0, y0) of the vertex of the light cone, and thus calculate the energy E of the gamma ray. γ , and further according to the energy E of the gamma ray γ , deuterium-tritium fusion power can be obtained.

[0113] Based on the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array described in any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a preferred embodiment of a measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array.

[0114] The measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0115] Step S100, determining the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects Cherenkov radiation;

[0116] Step S200, determining the recoil electron scattering angle, the Cerenkov radiation angle, and the momentum of the recoil electron according to the position information;

[0117] Step S300: Determine the energy of the gamma ray according to the recoil electron scattering angle, the Cherenkov radiation angle, and the momentum of the recoil electron.

[0118] Specifically, when gamma rays bombard the conversion target to generate electrons, and the electrons move in the radiator and form Cerenkov radiation that irradiates the SiPM array, some silicon photomultipliers are irradiated by the Cerenkov radiation, while other silicon photomultipliers are not irradiated by the Cerenkov radiation, and the following can be obtained: Figure 11 The position distribution of silicon photomultipliers that detect Cherenkov radiation is shown. A small number of points with large position offsets (shown in red circles) can be ignored, and other clustered points can be clustered into an elliptical distribution (shown in black ellipses). Figure 11 There are 5 ellipses in it, indicating that 5 electrons have formed corresponding Cherenkov radiation. For each ellipse, 4 points (or silicon photomultipliers) are selected on the ellipse. According to the coordinates of these 4 points (or silicon photomultipliers) (x1, y1, Z), (x2, y2, Z), (x3, y3, Z), (x4, y4, Z), the x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate (x0, y0) of the vertex of the light cone of Cherenkov radiation can be calculated, and the recoil electron scattering angle can be further calculated. Then according to the recoil electron scattering angle Calculate the energy E of the gamma ray γ .

[0119] like Figure 15 As shown, a simulation calculation of a 16.7MeV gamma ray is performed, with the diameter of the cylinder being 150mm, the width of the annular hole being 30mm, the thickness of the conversion target being 2mm, the thickness of the radiator being 20mm, the thickness of the light-transmitting layer being 0.01mm, the distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array being 190mm, the refractive index of the radiator being 1.0017, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer being 1.1, the refractive index of the second cylindrical space being 1.0, and the effective detection areas of a single silicon photomultiplier in the SiPM array being 1mm×1mm, 3mm×3mm, and 6mm×6mm, respectively, the energies of the gamma rays obtained by simulation calculation are 16.59MeV, 16.61MeV, and 16.8MeV, respectively.

[0120] like Figure 13 As shown, the displacement of the elliptical shape satisfies the following relationship:

[0121] Δ=s·tanθ2+L·tanθ3-(L+s)·tanθ1;

[0122] Where Δ represents the displacement of the elliptical shape, s represents the thickness of the light-transmitting layer, L represents the vertical distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array, θ1 represents the incident angle of the Cherenkov radiation at the first refraction, θ2 represents the incident angle of the Cherenkov radiation at the second refraction, and θ3 represents the exit angle of the Cherenkov radiation at the second refraction.

[0123] When n1 = 1.0017, n2 = 1.1, and n3 = 1.0, the differences between n1, n2, and n3 are small, and so are the differences between θ1, θ2, and θ3. The elliptical displacement Δ is small, and the gamma ray energies obtained using SiPM array silicon photomultipliers with different effective detection areas (1 mm × 1 mm, 3 mm × 3 mm, and 6 mm × 6 mm) are similar. If the differences between n1, n2, and n3 increase, and the elliptical displacement Δ becomes larger, SiPMs with smaller effective detection areas can be used, increasing the number of SiPMs per unit area. The x- and y-axis coordinates of each point on the ellipse are corrected using the elliptical displacement Δ. The direction vectors of the four generatrixes corresponding to the four points on the ellipse are then constructed, and the x- and y-axis coordinates (x0, y0) of the light cone vertex are calculated, thereby further improving the accuracy of gamma ray energy measurements.

[0124] Measurement methods also include:

[0125] Step S400: Determine the fusion power according to the energy of the gamma rays.

[0126] Specifically, according to the energy E of the gamma ray γ , fusion power can be obtained.

[0127] Based on the measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array described in any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer device.

[0128] The computer device of the present invention includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the measurement method described in any one of the above embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0129] Based on the measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array described in any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium.

[0130] The computer-readable storage medium of the present invention stores a computer program thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the measurement method described in any one of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0131] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those skilled in the art, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description. All these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array, characterized in that: include: Cylinder; The conversion target, the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array are sequentially arranged in intervals on the cylinder; a radiator, filled between the conversion target and the light-transmitting layer; The SiPM array includes a plurality of silicon photomultipliers, which are distributed in an array and form a ring array; The conversion target is configured to generate electrons when irradiated by gamma rays formed by fusion, wherein the irradiation position of the gamma rays corresponds to the position of the ring holes of the ring array; The radiator is configured to generate Cherenkov radiation under the action of the electrons; The silicon photomultiplier is configured to detect the Cerenkov radiation, determine the recoil electron scattering angle based on the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects the Cerenkov radiation, and determine the energy of the gamma ray based on the recoil electron scattering angle.

2. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refractive index of the radiator is 1.0 to 1.3, and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer is 1.0 to 1.

3.

3. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder has an air hole corresponding to a position between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array, and the air hole is configured to extract air.

4. The deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The radiator is selected from C4F 10 , CF4, C5F 12 One of the embodiments, wherein the conversion target is a beryllium target; the diameter of the cylinder is 100 mm to 300 mm; the width of the annular hole is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the conversion target is 1 mm to 3 mm; the thickness of the radiator is 10 mm to 40 mm; the thickness of the light-transmitting layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm; the distance between the light-transmitting layer and the SiPM array is 150 mm to 300 mm; and the effective detection area of ​​a single silicon photomultiplier in the SiPM array is 1 mm×1 mm to 10 mm×10 mm.

5. A method for measuring a deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on a SiPM array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Including steps: Determining the position information of the silicon photomultiplier that detects Cherenkov radiation; determining a recoil electron scattering angle based on the position information; The energy of the gamma ray is determined according to the recoil electron scattering angle.

6. The measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy of the gamma ray is: Among them, E γ represents the energy of gamma rays, E e represents the total energy of scattered electrons, E θ represents the rest energy of the electron, c represents the speed of light, sin(·) represents the sine function, cos(·) represents the cosine function, represents the recoil electron scattering angle, θ represents the Cherenkov radiation angle, m e represents the rest mass of the scattered electron, n1 represents the refractive index of the radiator, arctan(·) represents the inverse tangent function, R′ represents the radius of the Cerenkov ring projection circle, and L represents the vertical distance between the vertex of the light cone and the SiPM array.

7. The measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to claim 6, characterized in that: The recoil electron scattering angle is: Where arc cos(·) represents the inverse cosine function, represents the direction vector of the light cone axis, |·| represents the absolute value function, x0 represents the x-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, the light cone vertex is located at half the thickness of the radiator, y0 represents the y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex, and D2 represents the thickness of the radiator; The x-axis coordinate and y-axis coordinate of the light cone vertex satisfy the following relationship: in, represents the direction vector of the first busbar, represents the direction vector of the second busbar, represents the direction vector of the third busbar, represents the direction vector of the fourth busbar. When the Cherenkov radiation cone is irradiated on the SiPM array, an ellipse is formed. x1 represents the x-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, y1 represents the y-axis coordinate of the first point of the ellipse, x2 represents the x-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, y2 represents the y-axis coordinate of the second point of the ellipse, x3 represents the x-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, y3 represents the y-axis coordinate of the third point of the ellipse, x4 represents the x-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse, y4 represents the y-axis coordinate of the fourth point of the ellipse, Z represents the z-axis coordinate of the SiPM array, and D1 represents the thickness of the conversion target.

8. The measurement method of the deuterium-tritium fusion power diagnostic spectrometer based on the SiPM array according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measuring method further comprises: The fusion power is determined according to the energy of the gamma rays.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the measurement method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the measurement method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 are implemented.

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