Device and method for extracting micro-plastics in soil

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for extracting micro-plastics in soil, and belongs to the technical field of soil governing devices.The extracting device comprises a shell, a crushing mechanism, a spraying cleaning mechanism and a vibration separation mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing roller assembly, a brush assembly and a disc spring fixed to the lower end of the brush assembly, and the spraying cleaning mechanism is arranged in the shell; the vibration separation mechanism drives the disc spring and the filter membrane assembly to vibrate, the disc spring and the filter membrane assembly drive the brush assembly and the filter membrane to vibrate, soil enters the shell, after the crushing roller assembly crushes the soil, the brush assembly scrapes down the soil attached to the crushing roller assembly, and then the soil enters the shell. And the micro-plastic is retained on the upper surface of the filter membrane by the filter membrane. According to the multi-stage vibration system of the crushing mechanism and the vibration separation mechanism of the extraction device, the brush assembly and the filter membrane synchronously vibrate, and the dissociation efficiency of the micro-plastics from the soil aggregates is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment devices, and more specifically, to a device and method for extracting microplastics from soil. Background Art

[0002] Microplastic pollution (<5mm) has become a threat to soil ecological security. When conducting microplastic research in a specific area, it is necessary to extract microplastics to detect their degree of degradation and aging, and to assess the regional microplastic pollution status. However, soil particles (especially fine clay particles) are easily wrapped, adhered to, or mixed with microplastics. In addition, microplastics have a similar density to some soil particles, making them difficult to effectively separate by gravity or simple screening alone. Traditional methods (such as manual sorting, flotation, and density separation) are usually cumbersome, inefficient, and have low recovery rates. Among existing separation technologies, flotation requires the use of large amounts of chemical reagents, which is costly and prone to secondary pollution. In the process of air separation, when large pieces of soil are broken up to release microplastics, wet or sticky soil easily adheres to the surface of components such as the crushing roller, reducing the crushing efficiency and potentially leading to the loss of microplastics.

[0003] The above problems are in urgent need of solution, so the present invention provides a device and method for extracting microplastics from soil. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for extracting microplastics from soil, which can effectively scrape off the soil adhering to the surface of the crushing roller when the brush assembly rotates, prevent blockage and microplastic loss, and cooperate with the disc spring to provide vibration buffering and auxiliary cleaning.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: On the one hand, the present invention provides a device for extracting microplastics from soil, comprising a housing, a crushing mechanism, a spray cleaning mechanism, and a vibration separation mechanism. The crushing mechanism comprises a crushing roller assembly, a brush assembly, and a disc spring fixed at the lower end of the brush assembly. The spray cleaning mechanism includes a filter membrane assembly, and the filter membrane assembly includes a filter membrane support and a filter membrane provided on the filter membrane support; The vibration separation mechanism includes a motor, a fixing member fixed to the outside of the housing, a cam connected to the motor key, a vibration rod, a sliding member fixed to the vibration rod, a first connecting member, a second connecting member and a third connecting member fixed to the vibration rod, a guide rail is provided on the cam, the sliding member slides in the guide rail, and the vibration rod vibrates up and down with the sliding member; The vibration separation mechanism drives the disc spring and the filter membrane assembly to vibrate, and the disc spring and the filter membrane assembly drive the brush assembly and the filter membrane to vibrate. The soil enters the shell, and after the crushing roller assembly crushes the soil, the brush assembly scrapes off the soil adhering to the crushing roller assembly, and the filter membrane retains microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane.

[0006] In this embodiment, specifically: the crushing roller assembly includes a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller arranged longitudinally, the first crushing roller is tangent to the second crushing roller, and the crushing roller assembly further includes a third crushing roller arranged transversely.

[0007] In this embodiment, specifically: the brush roller is laterally arranged at the lower side of the third crushing roller, and the shape of the brush roller is a Lurox triangle. When the brush roller rotates, the outer side of the brush of the brush roller contacts the third crushing roller.

[0008] In this embodiment, specifically: the shell is provided with a feed port, a discharge port, an air inlet and an air outlet, the feed port opens upward, the discharge port opens downward, the air inlet opens to the left, and the air outlet opens to the right.

[0009] In this embodiment, specifically: the extraction device also includes an air separation mechanism, which is arranged between the crushing mechanism and the spray cleaning mechanism, and the air separation mechanism includes a fan arranged on the feed port, a filter arranged inside the air separation mechanism and a dust-proof cloth arranged on the air outlet.

[0010] In this embodiment, specifically: the vibration separation mechanism also includes a conduction rod connected to the first connecting member, a fourth connecting rod is connected to the conduction rod, the brush roller is rotatably connected to the fourth connecting rod, the second connecting member and the third connecting member are connected to the filter membrane bracket, and the vibration separation mechanism drives the filter membrane bracket to vibrate up and down.

[0011] In this embodiment, specifically: the shell also includes a first material taking door and a second material taking door that can be opened and closed. After the rinsing is completed, the first material taking door and the second material taking door are opened, the filter membrane is removed, and the microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane are collected.

[0012] In this embodiment, specifically: a liquid storage tank is provided at the lower end of the shell, the spray cleaning mechanism also includes a spray assembly, the spray assembly is provided at the upper end of the filter membrane assembly, the spray assembly includes a lifting pump, a liquid inlet pipe connected to the lifting pump, an atomizing nozzle and a return pipe connected to the liquid inlet pipe, the return pipe connects the lifting pump and the liquid storage tank, the return pipe is connected to the upper side of the liquid storage tank, and a small amount of soil in the elution liquid is deposited in the lower layer of the liquid storage tank.

[0013] On the other hand, a method for extracting microplastics in soil is provided, using the above-mentioned extraction device.

[0014] In this embodiment, specifically: the method for extracting microplastics from soil includes the following steps: S1: Pre-treat the soil to remove large stones and iron blocks; S2: Pour the soil into the shell, start the crushing roller drive motor, motor and fan, and run for 30 to 60 minutes; S3: The crushed and dispersed soil enters the air separation mechanism; S4: Collect microplastics on each layer of the filter membrane in the multi-layer filter membrane assembly; S5: Clean the liquid reservoir, filter and dust cloth.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0016] In the picture: Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for extracting microplastics from soil according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front view of the extraction device Figure 3 for Figure 1 Right side view of the extraction device; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Rear view of the extraction device; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the extraction device from another perspective; Figure 6 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of middle A; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Extract the exploded view of the internal structure of the device from another perspective; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the winnowing mechanism along section line AA.

[0017] 100. Extraction device; 1. Housing; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Discharge outlet; 13. Air inlet; 14. Air outlet; 15. Liquid storage tank; 16. First reclaiming door; 17. Second reclaiming door; 2. Crushing mechanism; 21. Crushing roller assembly; 211. First crushing roller; 212. Second crushing roller; 213. Third crushing roller; 214. Crushing roller drive gear; 215. Crushing roller drive motor; 22. Brush assembly; 221. Brush roller; 23. Disc spring; 3. Air separation mechanism; 31. Fan; 32. Filter; 33. Dustproof cloth; 4. Spray cleaning mechanism; 41. Spray assembly; 411. Lifting pump; 412. Liquid inlet pipe; 413. Atomizing nozzle; 414. Return pipe; 4141. Valve; 42. Filter membrane assembly; 421. Filter membrane holder; 422. Filter membrane; 5. Vibration separation mechanism; 51. Motor; 52. Fixing part; 521. Through hole; 53. Cam; 531. Guide rail; 54. Vibration rod; 55. Sliding part; 56. First connecting part; 57. Second connecting part; 58. Third connecting part; 59. Conducting rod; 591. Fourth connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This figure is a simplified schematic diagram, which only illustrates the basics of the present invention in an illustrative manner, and therefore only shows the structures related to the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a device 100 for extracting microplastics from soil, comprising a shell 1, a crushing mechanism 2, an air separation mechanism 3, a spray cleaning mechanism 4 and a vibration separation mechanism 5.

[0020] In this embodiment, specifically: a feed port 11, a discharge port 12, an air inlet 13 and an air outlet 14 are provided on the shell 1, the feed port 11 opens upward, the discharge port 12 opens downward, the air inlet 13 opens to the left, and the air outlet 14 opens to the right, the feed port 11 is opened at the upper end of the shell 1, the discharge port 12 is provided at the lower end of the shell 1, the air inlet 13 is opened on the left side of the shell 1, and the air outlet 14 is opened on the right side of the shell 1.

[0021] In this embodiment, specifically: a liquid storage tank 15 is provided at the lower end of the shell 1, and the discharge port 12 is opposite to the liquid storage tank 15. After the elution is completed, the elution liquid is discharged from the discharge port 12 into the liquid storage tank 15. After the elution liquid is precipitated in the liquid storage tank 15, the upper clear liquid continues to reflux for use.

[0022] In this embodiment, specifically, the housing 1 further includes a first material taking door 16 and a second material taking door 17 that can be opened and closed.

[0023] In this embodiment, specifically, the crushing mechanism 2 includes a crushing roller assembly 21 , a brush assembly 22 and a disc spring 23 fixed to the lower end of the brush assembly 22 .

[0024] In this embodiment, specifically: the crushing roller assembly 21 includes a first crushing roller 211 and a second crushing roller 212 arranged longitudinally, the first crushing roller 211 and the second crushing roller 212 are tangent to each other, and the crushing roller assembly 21 further includes a third crushing roller 213 arranged transversely.

[0025] In this embodiment, specifically: the brush roller 221 is horizontally arranged on the lower side of the third crushing roller 213, and the shape of the brush roller 221 is a Lurox triangle. When the brush roller 221 rotates, the outer edge of the brush of the brush roller 221 contacts the third crushing roller 213, making it easy to remove the soil brush adhered to the third crushing roller 213.

[0026] In this embodiment, specifically: the air separation mechanism 3 is arranged between the crushing mechanism 2 and the spray cleaning mechanism 4, and the air separation mechanism 3 includes a fan 31 arranged on the feed inlet 11, a filter 32 arranged inside the air separation mechanism 3 and a dustproof cloth 33 arranged on the air outlet 14.

[0027] In this embodiment, specifically: the filter 32 is tiltedly arranged in the air separation mechanism 3, the crushed and separated soil enters the air separation mechanism 3, the fan 31 blows the soil with lower density into the filter 32, and then into the dustproof cloth 33, and the microplastics with higher density fall into the spray cleaning mechanism 4.

[0028] In this embodiment, specifically: the spray cleaning mechanism 4 includes a spray component 41 and a filter membrane component 42, the spray component 41 is arranged at the upper end of the filter membrane component 42, the spray component 41 includes a lifting pump 411, a liquid inlet pipe 412 connected to the lifting pump 411, an atomizing nozzle 413 and a return pipe 414 connected to the liquid inlet pipe 412, the return pipe 414 connects the lifting pump 411 and the liquid storage tank 15, the return pipe 414 is connected to the upper side of the liquid storage tank 15, and a small amount of soil in the elution liquid is deposited in the lower layer of the liquid storage tank 15.

[0029] In this embodiment, specifically: the filter membrane assembly 42 includes a filter membrane bracket 421 and a filter membrane 422 arranged on the filter membrane bracket 421, the vibration separation mechanism 5 drives the disc spring 23 and the filter membrane assembly 42 to vibrate, the disc spring 23 and the filter membrane assembly 42 drive the brush assembly 22 and the filter membrane 422 to vibrate, the soil enters the shell 1, the crushing roller assembly 21 crushes the soil, the brush assembly 22 scrapes off the soil adhering to the crushing roller assembly 21, the filter membrane 422 retains the microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane 422, the first material retrieving door 16 and the second material retrieving door 17 are opened, the filter membrane 422 is removed, and the microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane 422 are collected.

[0030] In the embodiment, the filter membrane assembly 42 is specifically provided with at least two layers. The filter membrane 422 of the first layer of the filter membrane assembly 42 has a pore size of 2 mm, and the filter membrane 422 of the second layer of the process membrane assembly 42 has a pore size less than 2 mm. The filter membranes 422 of the filter membrane assembly 42 can be replaced as needed.

[0031] In some other embodiments, the brush assembly 22 is disposed on the upper side of the filter membrane 422 , and the brush assembly 22 scrapes the microplastics off the filter membrane 422 , thereby facilitating the separation of the microplastics on the filter membrane 422 .

[0032] In this embodiment, specifically: the vibration separation mechanism 5 includes a motor 51, a fixing part 52 fixed to the outside of the shell 1, a cam 53 key-connected to the motor 51, a vibration rod 54, a sliding part 55 fixed on the vibration rod 54, a first connecting part 56, a second connecting part 57 and a third connecting part 58 fixed on the vibration rod 54, a guide rail 531 is provided on the cam 53, the sliding part 55 slides in the guide rail 531, and the vibration rod 54 vibrates up and down with the sliding part 55.

[0033] In this embodiment, specifically: the vibration separation mechanism 5 also includes a conduction rod 59 connected to the first connecting member 56, a fourth connecting rod 591 is connected to the conduction rod 59, the brush roller 221 is rotatably connected to the fourth connecting rod 591, the second connecting member 57 and the third connecting member 58 are connected to the filter membrane bracket 421, and the vibration separation mechanism 5 drives the filter membrane bracket 421 to vibrate up and down.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for extracting microplastics from soil, comprising the following steps: S1: Pre-treat the soil to remove large stones and iron blocks; S2: Pour the soil into the housing 1, start the crushing roller drive motor 215, the motor 51 and the fan 31, and run them for 30 to 60 minutes; S3: The crushed and dispersed soil enters the air separation mechanism 3; S4: collecting microplastics on each layer of the filter membrane of the multi-layer filter membrane assembly 42; S5: Clean the liquid storage tank 15, the filter screen 32 and the dustproof cloth 33.

[0035] The working principle of the device for extracting microplastics from soil of the present invention is as follows: After the soil enters the shell 1, the first crushing roller 211 and the second crushing roller 212 squeeze the soil clumps longitudinally, and the third crushing roller 213 crushes them horizontally for the second time. When the brush roller 221 rotates, the vertex periodically scrapes the surface of the crushing roller to prevent the soil from sticking and remaining. The fan 31 blows the lightweight soil toward the inclined filter 32. Microplastics fall directly into the spray area due to their high density. The atomizing nozzle 413 sprays the washing liquid. The filter membrane 422 vibrates at a high frequency driven by the vibration mechanism 5, and microplastics are retained on the surface of the filter membrane. Finally, the first and second material reclaiming doors 16 and 17 are opened, the filter membrane 422 is removed, and the microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane 422 are collected.

[0036] Beneficial effects of the device for extracting microplastics from soil according to the present invention: 1. When the Lurocks triangular brush roller 221 rotates, its apex periodically contacts the third crushing roller 213, automatically scraping off the sticky soil and reducing the frequency of manual cleaning.

[0037] 2. The multi-stage vibration system transmitted by the disc spring 23 and the cam 53 causes the brush assembly 22 and the filter membrane 422 to vibrate synchronously, thereby improving the efficiency of dissociation of microplastics from soil aggregates.

[0038] 3. The eluent is refluxed after settling in the liquid storage tank 15, thus reducing the operating cost.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, tasks, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0041] With the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention as inspiration, and with reference to the above description, relevant personnel may make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for extracting microplastics from soil, characterized by: It comprises a housing (1), a crushing mechanism (2), a spray cleaning mechanism (4) and a vibration separation mechanism (5), wherein the crushing mechanism (2) comprises a crushing roller assembly (21), a brush assembly (22) and a disc spring (23) fixed to the lower end of the brush assembly (22); The spray cleaning mechanism (4) comprises a filter membrane assembly (42), and the filter membrane assembly (42) comprises a filter membrane support (421) and a filter membrane (422) provided on the filter membrane support (421); The vibration separation mechanism (5) includes a motor (51), a fixing member (52) fixed to the outside of the housing (1), a cam (53) key-connected to the motor (51), a vibration rod (54), a sliding member (55) fixed to the vibration rod (54), a first connecting member (56), a second connecting member (57), and a third connecting member (58) fixed to the vibration rod (54), wherein a guide rail (531) is provided on the cam (53), the sliding member (55) slides in the guide rail (531), and the vibration rod (54) vibrates up and down along with the sliding member (55); The vibration separation mechanism (5) drives the disc spring (23) and the filter membrane assembly (42) to vibrate, and the disc spring (23) and the filter membrane assembly (42) drive the brush assembly (22) and the filter membrane (422) to vibrate. Soil enters the housing (1), and after the crushing roller assembly (21) crushes the soil, the brush assembly (22) scrapes off the soil adhering to the crushing roller assembly (21), and the filter membrane (422) retains microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane (422).

2. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing roller assembly (21) comprises a first crushing roller (211) and a second crushing roller (212) arranged longitudinally, wherein the first crushing roller (211) is tangent to the second crushing roller (212), and the crushing roller assembly (21) further comprises a third crushing roller (213) arranged transversely.

3. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The brush roller (221) is laterally arranged on the lower side of the third crushing roller (213), and the shape of the brush roller (221) is a Lurocks triangle. When the brush roller (221) rotates, the outer edge of the brush of the brush roller (221) contacts the third crushing roller (213).

4. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (1) is provided with a feed port (11), a discharge port (12), an air inlet (13) and an air outlet (14); the feed port (11) opens upward, the discharge port (12) opens downward, the air inlet (13) opens to the left, and the air outlet (14) opens to the right.

5. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extraction device (100) further includes an air separation mechanism (3), which is arranged between the crushing mechanism (2) and the spray cleaning mechanism (4), and includes a fan (31) arranged on the feed port (11), a filter (32) arranged inside the air separation mechanism (3), and a dustproof cloth (33) arranged on the air outlet (14).

6. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration separation mechanism (5) further comprises a conduction rod (59) connected to the first connection member (56), a fourth connection rod (591) being connected to the conduction rod (59), the brush roller (221) being rotatably connected to the fourth connection rod (591), the second connection member (57) and the third connection member (58) being connected to the filter membrane support (421), and the vibration separation mechanism (5) drives the filter membrane support (421) to vibrate up and down.

7. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) further comprises a first reclaiming door (16) and a second reclaiming door (17) that can be opened and closed. After the rinsing is completed, the first reclaiming door (16) and the second reclaiming door (17) are opened, the filter membrane (422) is removed, and the microplastics on the upper surface of the filter membrane (422) are collected.

8. The device for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid storage tank (15) is provided at the lower end of the shell (1), and the spray cleaning mechanism (4) further includes a spray assembly (41), which is provided at the upper end of the filter membrane assembly (42). The spray assembly (41) includes a lifting pump (411), a liquid inlet pipe (412) connected to the lifting pump (411), an atomizing nozzle (413) connected to the liquid inlet pipe (412), and a return pipe (414), wherein the return pipe (414) connects the lifting pump (411) and the liquid storage tank (15), and the return pipe (414) is connected to the upper side of the liquid storage tank (15), and a small amount of soil in the eluent is deposited in the lower layer of the liquid storage tank (15).

9. A method for extracting microplastics from soil, characterized by: The extraction device described in claims 1 to 8 is used to extract microplastics from soil.

10. The method for extracting microplastics from soil according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: Pre-treat the soil to remove large stones and iron blocks; S2: Pour the soil into the shell, start the crushing roller drive motor, motor and fan, and run for 30 to 60 minutes; S3: The crushed and dispersed soil enters the air separation mechanism; S4: Collect microplastics on each layer of the filter membrane in the multi-layer filter membrane assembly; S5: Clean the liquid reservoir, filter and dust cloth.

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