High-precision vibration spectrum sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration sensors, and discloses a high-precision vibration spectrum sensor, which comprises a shell, a sealing cover is embedded in the shell, the top of the sealing cover is flush with the top of the shell, and the shell and the sealing cover form a closed space; and the sensor mechanism is arranged in an inner space defined by the shell and the sealing cover, the sensor mechanism comprises an insulating cylinder, the outer wall of the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected with a connecting block, the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell through the connecting block, and the interior of the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected with a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate. The sensor is excellent in detection performance and capable of accurately capturing vibration signals, the core component is made of high-quality materials, the spring wire is stable in elasticity and resistant to corrosion, the ball body responds to high-frequency vibration rapidly, the electrode plates reduce signal loss, vibration is converted into electric signals through equivalent capacitance changes, various curves can be generated, early fault features can be recognized in an assisted mode, and the detection accuracy is improved. And the detection accuracy and completeness are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vibration sensors, and in particular to a high-precision vibration spectrum sensor. Background Art

[0002] In industrial production, rotating machinery, as an important power output and energy conversion device, has a direct impact on production efficiency and operational safety. Vibration spectrum measurement technology is a key means of ensuring the stable operation of rotating machinery. By collecting and analyzing the vibration signals of the equipment, it is possible to accurately capture the vibration characteristics at different frequencies, providing a scientific basis for determining whether the equipment has potential faults. Fans are widely used rotating machinery in industrial scenarios such as ventilation, cooling, and dust removal. During long-term high-speed operation, they are inevitably affected by mechanical wear, assembly errors, load fluctuations, and other factors, and vibration is inevitable. Once the vibration exceeds the normal range, it will not only reduce operating efficiency but also cause serious faults such as bearing failure and rotor fracture. Therefore, real-time monitoring and analysis of the fan vibration spectrum has become a core part of industrial equipment maintenance.

[0003] Conventional technology often uses contact sensors to measure the vibration spectrum of wind turbines. The basic principle is to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals through direct contact between the sensor and the vibration source, such as the wind turbine's bearing housing. Common sensors include piezoelectric accelerometers and magnetoelectric velocity sensors, which are typically bolted to the surface of the equipment. The vibration signals captured by the sensors are transmitted via cables to a data acquisition device, where they are converted into a spectrum using spectrum analysis software. Based on the spectrum characteristics, technicians can determine whether the wind turbine has bearing wear, rotor bending, or dynamic balance problems.

[0004] However, the existing technology has obvious limitations in practical applications: First, the detection accuracy is limited. The elastic stability of the core components of traditional sensors is poor, and signal distortion is easy to occur under high-frequency vibrations. The loss during signal transmission is large, which makes it difficult to accurately capture small vibration characteristics and identify early faults in time. Second, the installation method is not adaptable enough. Bolt fixing requires drilling holes in the equipment, which destroys the structural integrity of the equipment. Paste fixing is easy to fall off in high temperature or severe vibration environments. The adsorption force of magnetic fixation is greatly affected by the material and surface flatness of the equipment, making it difficult to balance installation stability and convenience under complex working conditions. Third, the ability to capture small vibrations is insufficient. When the fan has an initial minor fault, the vibration signal is extremely weak. The existing sensor lacks an effective signal amplification mechanism, making it difficult to convert small vibrations into recognizable electrical signals, which often leads to delayed fault detection and increases equipment maintenance costs and safety risks. Therefore, the present invention provides a high-precision vibration spectrum sensor to address the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision vibration spectrum sensor that solves the problems provided in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor, comprising: a housing, wherein a sealing cover is embedded in the interior of the housing, wherein the top of the sealing cover is flush with the top of the housing, and the housing and the sealing cover form a closed space; A sensor mechanism is disposed in the interior space enclosed by the housing and the sealing cover, the sensor mechanism comprising an insulating tube, the outer wall of the insulating tube being fixedly connected to a connecting block, the insulating tube being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing via the connecting block, the interior of the insulating tube being fixedly connected to electrode sheet 1 and electrode sheet 2, the bottom of electrode sheet 1 and the top of electrode sheet 2 being flush with the bottom and top of the insulating tube, respectively, the facing surfaces of electrode sheet 1 and electrode sheet 2 being fixedly connected to a spring wire, the outer middle portion of the spring wire being fixedly connected to a sphere, the sphere carrying a positive or negative charge; The assembly component is arranged at the bottom of the housing and is used for connecting with the product detected by the sensor mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the back surfaces of electrode sheet 1 and electrode sheet 2 are fixedly connected with wire 1 and wire 2 respectively, one end of wire 1 and wire 2 both pass through the outer wall of the sealing cover and extend to the outside thereof, and one end of wire 1 and wire 2 are both fixedly connected with a connecting piece.

[0008] Preferably, the outer sleeves of wire one and wire two are provided with wire sleeves, the connecting piece is exposed outside the wire sleeves, the top of the sealing cover is detachably connected with a connecting cap, the connecting cap is provided on the outside of the wire sleeves, and the top of the connecting cap fixes the outside of the wire sleeves through a clamp.

[0009] Preferably, the assembly component includes a nut and a screw, the top of the nut is fixedly connected to the bottom of the shell, the outer side of the screw is threadedly connected to the inner side of the nut, and the outer side of the screw is provided with a gasket, which is located between the nut and the screw.

[0010] Preferably, the assembly component also includes nut 2 and base 1, the top of nut 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the shell, and the base 1 is located directly below nut 2. A hole is provided at the inner center of the base 1, and an inverted cone hole is provided on the inner wall of the hole. Screw 2 is provided inside the inverted cone hole, and the top of screw 2 is threadedly connected to the inner side of nut 2.

[0011] Preferably, the base 1 is installed on the bottom of the nut 2 by means of screw 2, and the top of the base 1 is fitted with the bottom of the nut 2. An annular groove 1 is provided at the bottom of the base 1, and an annular magnet 1 is embedded in the annular groove 1 at the bottom of the base 1. The annular magnet 1 is used to be adsorbed on the metal shell of the product to be tested.

[0012] Preferably, the assembly component also includes a sleeve and a base 2, the base 2 is located directly below the outer shell, a through hole is opened at the inner center of the base 2, and a fixing seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole, the top of the fixing seat is fixedly connected to an external spring, and the top of the external spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell.

[0013] Preferably, the sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the shell, and the outer side of the shell is slidably connected to the inner side of the sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the sleeve is provided with an annular groove 2, in which an annular magnet 2 is embedded, the top of the base 2 is provided with an annular groove 3, in which an annular magnet 3 is embedded, and the annular magnet 2 and the annular magnet 3 repel each other.

[0015] Preferably, two mounting grooves are provided at the bottom of the base 2, and the internal threads of the mounting grooves are connected with screws 3, and the base 2 is mounted on the shell of the product to be tested by the two screws 3 in cooperation with the two mounting grooves.

[0016] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The sensor of the present invention has excellent detection performance and can accurately capture vibration signals. The core components are made of high-quality materials. The spring wire has stable elasticity and corrosion resistance. The sphere responds quickly to high-frequency vibrations. The electrode sheet reduces signal loss and converts vibration into electrical signals through changes in equivalent capacitance. It can generate multiple curves to help identify early fault characteristics and ensure the accuracy and completeness of detection.

[0017] 2. The sensor of the present invention has flexible and diverse installation methods, adapting to the needs of different scenarios. It can be installed firmly through threaded connection with gaskets. The magnetic attraction method without drilling is simpler and ensures good vibration transmission. It can also use magnetic levitation and spring structures to reduce interference and assist in maintaining the detection direction. These three methods meet different requirements for stability, convenience and detection accuracy, respectively, and expand the application range of the sensor.

[0018] 3. The sensor of the present invention has the ability to enhance the detection of tiny vibrations. In one installation method, the vibration can amplify the vibration of the internal mechanism after transmission, enhance the signal strength, and effectively capture tiny vibrations. This solves the problem of traditional detection being insensitive to weak signals, improves the ability to detect subtle equipment faults in the early stages, and further enhances the reliability of detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is one of the three-dimensional diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gasket of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sensor mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the second stereogram of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a base 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the third stereogram of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the base 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 2 is an operating circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 1. Shell; 2. Sealing cover; 3. Sensor mechanism; 301. Insulating tube; 302. Electrode piece 1; 303. Spring wire; 304. Sphere; 305. Wire 1; 306. Wire 2; 307. Electrode piece 2; 308. Connecting block; 4. Connecting cap; 5. Wire sleeve; 6. Connecting piece; 7. Assembly component; 701. Nut 1; 702. Screw 1; 703. Gasket; 704. Nut 2; 705. Base 1; 706. Annular groove 1; 707. Annular magnet 1; 708. Inverted tapered hole; 709. Screw 2; 710. Sleeve; 711. Annular groove 2; 712. Annular magnet 2; 713. External spring; 714. Base 2; 715. Annular groove 3; 716. Annular magnet 3; 717. Fixing seat; 718. Mounting slot; 719. Screw 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 9 , the present invention is described in further detail.

[0022] The present invention provides a high-precision vibration spectrum sensor, wherein the housing 1 is made of high-strength metal material, such as aluminum alloy, and has good mechanical strength and electromagnetic shielding performance. The interior thereof is tightly connected to the sealing cover 2 through a precisely machined slot or threaded structure. The sealing cover 2 is made of an insulating material, such as ceramic or high-strength engineering plastic, and is embedded in the interior of the housing 1 by hot pressing or sealing glue filling, ensuring that the top is flush with the top of the housing 1, thereby forming a closed space between the housing 1 and the sealing cover 2, effectively preventing the influence of external dust, water vapor and electromagnetic interference on the internal sensor mechanism 3.

[0023] The insulation tube 301 is made of high-performance insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and is injection-molded to ensure dimensional accuracy and structural stability. Multiple connecting blocks 308 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the insulation tube 301. The connecting blocks 308 are integrally formed with the insulation tube 301 and fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1 via welding or high-strength adhesive, ensuring a secure installation of the insulation tube 301 within the housing 1.

[0024] Both electrode sheet 1 302 and electrode sheet 2 307 are made of highly conductive copper plates. They undergo a polished surface and are then electroplated with a layer of gold to further reduce resistance and improve oxidation resistance. The bottom of electrode sheet 1 302 and the top of electrode sheet 2 307 are welded to the bottom and top of insulating tube 301, respectively, ensuring a secure position and good electrical connection.

[0025] Spring wire 303 is made of platinum and processed into the required diameter and length using a wire drawing process. The two ends of spring wire 303 are fixedly connected to the facing surfaces of electrode sheet 1 302 and electrode sheet 2 307 via a spot welding process, respectively, to ensure a secure connection and low resistance. Sphere 304 is made of a platinum alloy material using a precision casting process, resulting in lightweight and excellent conductivity. Sphere 304 is fixedly connected to the outer center of spring wire 303 by welding or inlaying, ensuring that sphere 304 can stably move with spring wire 303 when elastic deformation occurs.

[0026] Nut 701 and Screw 702: The top of nut 701 is fixed to the bottom of housing 1 via welding or high-strength adhesive. Screw 702 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and its outer surface mates with the inner surface of nut 701 via standard threads for a threaded connection. Washer 703 is made of stainless steel or copper, offering excellent toughness and conductivity. Its center hole matches the diameter of screw 702 and is nested between nut 701 and screw 702, allowing for height adjustment and enhanced connection stability.

[0027] Nut 2 704 and base 1 705: The top of nut 2 704 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing 1 by welding or high-strength glue bonding. Base 1 705 is made of a metal material with a certain degree of magnetism, such as iron-nickel alloy. A hole is opened at the inner center of base 1 705 through a mechanical processing process, and an inverted cone hole 708 is precisely processed on the inner wall of the hole by CNC processing equipment. Screw 2 709 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and its top end is threadedly connected to the inner side of nut 2 704 through standard thread matching. Base 1 705 is installed on the bottom of nut 2 704 by screw 2 709. During installation, first pass screw 2 709 through the inverted cone hole 708, and then screw it into nut 2 704. By tightening screw 2 709, the top of base 1 705 and the bottom of nut 2 704 are tightly fitted. The bottom of the base 705 is provided with an annular groove 706 through a machining process, and the annular magnet 707 is embedded in the annular groove 706 at the bottom of the base 705 through interference fit or glue bonding, and is used to be adsorbed on the metal shell of the product being tested.

[0028] Sleeve 710 and Base 2 714: Base 2 714 is made of metal, such as aluminum alloy. A through-hole is mechanically machined at the center of Base 2 714, and a fixing seat 717 is fixedly attached to the inner wall of the through-hole by welding or bonding with high-strength glue. Fixing seat 717 is made of high-strength engineering plastic or metal, and its top is fixedly connected to an external spring 713 by welding or bonding. External spring 713 is made of a highly elastic alloy, such as a beryllium bronze spring. Its top end is fixedly connected to the bottom of housing 1 by welding or bonding, forming a single piece with Base 2 714 and housing 1.

[0029] Sleeve 710 is made of metal, such as aluminum alloy, and is mounted on the exterior of housing 1. The exterior of housing 1 and the interior of sleeve 710 are precisely machined to achieve a sliding connection, ensuring that sleeve 710 can slide freely on the exterior of housing 1. A second annular groove 711 is machined into the bottom of sleeve 710, and a second annular magnet 712 is embedded in the second annular groove 711 at the bottom of sleeve 710 by an interference fit or adhesive bonding.

[0030] The top of the second base 714 is machined to form an annular groove 3 715. The annular magnet 3 716 is embedded in the annular groove 3 715 on the top of the second base 714 via an interference fit or adhesive bonding. Because the facing surfaces of the second annular magnet 712 and the third annular magnet 716 have the same magnetic poles, a repulsive force is generated between them, causing the sleeve 710 to float outside the housing 1. The third annular magnet 716 is one size larger than the second annular magnet 712, allowing the second annular magnet 712 to be stably positioned directly above the third annular magnet 716. The bottom of the second base 714 is machined to form two mounting grooves 718. The third screw 719 is made of high-strength alloy steel and is threadedly connected to the mounting grooves 718 via standard threads. The second base 714 is mounted on the housing of the product being tested using the two third screws 719 in conjunction with the two mounting grooves 718.

[0031] Wire 1 305 and wire 2 306 are made of highly conductive copper core wires, which are wrapped with an insulating layer on the outside. During the manufacturing process of the sealing cover 2, one end of wire 1 305 and wire 2 306 passes through the reserved threading hole and is filled with sealant to penetrate the outer wall of the sealing cover 2 and extend to the outside. One end of wire 1 305 and wire 2 306 is fixedly connected to a connecting piece 6 by welding or crimping for external measuring instruments. The outside of wire 1 305 and wire 2 306 is provided with a wire sleeve 5. The wire sleeve 5 is made of insulating material, such as polyvinyl chloride, and is tightly wrapped around the outside of the wire by heat shrinkage or sleeve connection to protect the wire from external damage. The connecting cap 4 is made of plastic or metal and is detachably connected to the top of the sealing cover 2 by threaded connection or snap connection. The connecting cap 4 is sleeved on the outside of the wire sleeve 5. The top of the connecting cap 4 fixes the outside of the wire sleeve 5 by a clamp to further ensure the stability and sealing of the wire sleeve 5.

[0032] The entire sensor mechanism 3 exhibits equivalent capacitance characteristics, based on the structure consisting of electrode sheet 1 302, electrode sheet 2 307, spring wire 303, and sphere 304. When there is no external vibration, spring wire 303 is in its naturally extended state, and sphere 304 is located at the center between electrode sheet 1 302 and electrode sheet 2 307. At this point, the equivalent capacitance of sensor mechanism 3 is at its initial stable value.

[0033] When external vibrations act on the sensor, the energy transferred from the vibrations causes spring wire 303 to elastically deform. For example, when the vibrations are vertical, spring wire 303 expands and contracts; when the vibrations are horizontal, spring wire 303 bends left and right. This elastic deformation causes sphere 304 to wobble in multiple directions, including up and down, and left and right.

[0034] The position change of the sphere 304 will cause a small fluctuation in the equivalent capacitance of the sensor mechanism 3. The change in the position of the sphere 304 is equivalent to changing the distance between the electrode sheets and the electric field distribution, thereby causing the equivalent capacitance to change. Changes in equivalent capacitance can lead to a redistribution of charge on electrode sheet 1 302 and electrode sheet 2 307. Differences in vibration amplitude, velocity, and acceleration can cause subtle changes in the electric and magnetic fields. For example, the greater the vibration amplitude, the greater the deformation of spring wire 303, the greater the displacement of sphere 304, and the greater the change in equivalent capacitance, leading to a greater change in the charge on the electrode sheets, and thus more significant changes in the voltage and current signals at the positive and negative electrodes. The higher the vibration frequency, the higher the frequency of position changes of sphere 304, and the corresponding increase in the frequency of change in equivalent capacitance, causing the frequency of change in the voltage and current signals at the positive and negative electrodes to change accordingly.

[0035] The outside of the sensor will be connected to instruments and meters, such as oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, etc. These instruments and meters are connected to wire one 305 and wire two 306 through a connecting piece 6 to measure the voltage and current changes between the positive and negative poles. The signal processing circuit inside the instrument and meter processes the collected voltage and current signals, converts the voltage and current signals in the time domain into frequency domain signals, thereby obtaining the frequency components of the vibration signal, and can generate various forms of signal curves such as vibration curves, vibration acceleration curves, vibration spectrum lines, current change curves, and voltage change curves. By analyzing these curves, it can help to identify early fault characteristics. For example, in the vibration spectrum line, if the peak value of a specific frequency increases abnormally, it means that the equipment has faults such as imbalance, misalignment, or bearing wear. The first installation method: Create an external hole on the fan's bearing housing, attach the bottom of nut 701 to the outside of the bearing housing, and then use screw 702 to pass through the hole inside the bearing housing and install it together with nut 701. This installation method utilizes the threaded connection between nut 701 and screw 702 to firmly fix the sensor to the bearing housing. Depending on the thickness of the bearing housing, the number of gaskets 703 can be appropriately increased to ensure a stable installation. For example, when the bearing housing is thicker, adding gaskets 703 can make up for the insufficient length of screw 702. At the same time, gaskets 703 can also disperse the pressure of screw 702 on the bearing housing, preventing damage to the bearing housing caused by excessive local pressure. This installation method is suitable for situations where high installation stability is required and the bearing housing allows for the opening of installation holes.

[0036] The second installation method: fit the bottom of nut 2 704 and base 1 705 together, and then tighten screw 2 709 into nut 2 704 from the inverted cone hole 708, so that base 1 705 and the sensor form a whole. The annular magnet 1 707 in the annular groove 1 706 at the bottom of base 1 705 is adsorbed on the outside of the fan bearing box that can be attracted, completing the installation. This installation method utilizes the magnetic adsorption force of the annular magnet 1 707, and there is no need to open holes in the bearing box, making installation convenient. In addition, the cooperation between the inverted cone hole 708 and screw 2 709 can make the connection between base 1 705 and nut 2 704 tighter when tightening screw 2 709, thereby enhancing the stability of the installation. This installation method is suitable for situations where there is a requirement for installation convenience and the material of the fan bearing box can be adsorbed by the annular magnet 1 707.

[0037] The third installation method: The bottom of the outer shell 1 is connected to the fixing seat 717 through the external spring 713, so that the base 2 714 and the outer shell 1 form a whole. Then put the sleeve 710 on the outside of the outer shell 1. Since the facing surfaces of the annular magnet 2 712 in the annular groove 2 711 at the bottom of the sleeve 710 and the annular magnet 3 716 in the annular groove 3 715 at the top of the base 2 714 are the same magnetic poles, a repulsive force will be generated between the two, so that the sleeve 710 can be suspended outside the outer shell 1. In addition, the annular magnet 3 716 is one circle larger than the annular magnet 2 712, which can make the annular magnet 2 712 stable directly above the annular magnet 3 716. Since the diameter of the external spring 713 is thinner, it can help the outer shell 1 to maintain a vertical state. Finally, use the screw 3 719 and the mounting slot 718 to install it on the shell of the fan bearing box; When the fan bearing box vibrates, the vibration is first transmitted to the base 2 714. The base 2 714 transmits the vibration to the housing 1 through the external spring 713. Due to the elastic effect of the external spring 713, an amplified vibration effect is generated on the housing 1, thereby strengthening the vibration of the sensor mechanism 3 inside the housing 1, and more effectively capturing small vibration signals. For example, for some extremely weak vibrations generated by early faults, other installation methods cannot effectively detect them. However, this installation method can amplify the vibrations so that the sensor mechanism 3 can capture these weak vibration signals, thereby helping to discover hidden equipment failures earlier. This installation method is suitable for situations where extremely high sensitivity is required for detecting small vibrations.

[0038] Specifically, this sensor has three flexible installation methods and can be installed on the outside of the wind turbine to be tested according to actual needs: First, preset matching holes on the wind turbine bearing box, and fit the bottom of nut 701 tightly to the corresponding position on the outside of the bearing box. This step can ensure the accuracy of the installation reference point and lay the foundation for subsequent fixation. Then, insert screw 702 through the hole inside the bearing box and thread it with nut 701. By tightening screw 702, the two are firmly combined, allowing the sensor to be stably attached to the bearing box. If the bearing box is thick, the number of gaskets 703 can be appropriately increased. Gaskets 703 can fill the gap between screw 702 and the bearing box to avoid loose installation due to insufficient screw length, thereby ensuring the stability of the overall installation. Secondly, first accurately align the bottom of nut 2 704 with the top of base 1 705 and fit them tightly. This operation can ensure the sealing and stability of the connection between the two. Then, screw 2 709 into nut 2 704 from the inverted tapered hole 708 and tighten it. The design of the inverted tapered hole 708 can guide screw 2 709 to accurately align, so that base 1 705 and the sensor form a solid whole. Then, use the annular magnet 1 707 embedded in the annular groove 1 706 at the bottom of base 1 705 to adsorb it on the outside of the fan bearing box that can be magnetically attracted. There is no need to drill holes in the bearing box, which simplifies the installation process. At the same time, the magnetic attraction method can ensure good vibration transmission between the sensor and the bearing box. Thirdly, first connect the bottom of the shell 1 with the fixing seat 717 through the external spring 713, so that the base 2 714 and the shell 1 form an integral structure to ensure the continuity of vibration transmission, and then sleeve 710 is sleeved on the outside of the shell 1. Since the annular magnet 2 712 in the annular groove 2 711 at the bottom of the sleeve 710 and the annular magnet 3 716 in the annular groove 3 715 at the top of the base 2 714 have the same magnetic poles, the repulsive force generated by the two can make the sleeve 710 float outside the shell 1, reducing the friction interference between the sleeve 710 and the shell 1. In addition, the annular magnet 3 716 is one circle larger than the annular magnet 2 712, which can limit the annular magnet 2 712 and stabilize it directly above the annular magnet 3 716. In addition, the external spring 713 with a smaller diameter can help the shell 1 maintain a vertical state, ensuring the accurate detection direction of the sensor. Finally, the screw 3 719 is matched with the mounting groove 718 to mount the base 2 714 on the fan bearing box housing to achieve the fixation of the sensor. When using the sensor mechanism 3 to detect the fan bearing, the spring wire 303 is made of platinum material. With its stable elasticity and good corrosion resistance, it can maintain the consistency of deformation during long-term use and ensure the accuracy of vibration transmission. The sphere 304 is made of platinum alloy material. Its light weight and good conductivity enable it to quickly respond to high-frequency vibrations and provide timely feedback on vibration changes. Electrode piece 1 302 and electrode piece 2 307 are made of highly conductive copper plates or gold-plated copper plates, which effectively reduce the loss of signals during transmission and ensure the integrity of the detection signal. The entire sensor mechanism 3 has an equivalent capacitance. When external vibration acts on the sensor, the spring wire 303 will undergo elastic deformation, driving the sphere 304 to generate When the sphere 304 is shaken in multiple directions, such as up and down, left and right, the position change will cause slight fluctuations in the equivalent capacitance, which in turn will lead to the redistribution of charges on the electrode piece 1 302 and the electrode piece 2 307, generating displacement current and conduction current. The differences in vibration amplitude, speed, and acceleration will cause subtle changes in the electric and magnetic fields, causing corresponding changes in the voltage and current signals of the positive and negative electrodes. The instruments and meters connected to the outside of the sensor can obtain vibration signals by measuring the changes in voltage and current between the positive and negative electrodes, and generate vibration curves, vibration acceleration curves, vibration spectrum lines, current change curves, and voltage change curves. Analysis of these curves helps to accurately identify the early fault characteristics of the wind turbine bearing. In addition, in the third installation method, the base 2 714 can efficiently transmit the vibration to the external spring 713, and then act on the outer shell 1 to make it shake. This transmission method can amplify the vibration of the sensor mechanism 3 inside the outer shell 1, enhance the intensity of the vibration signal, thereby enhancing the ability to capture the signal, and can effectively respond to more subtle vibration detection needs.

[0039] Working principle: This sensor has three installation methods. It can be installed on the outside of the fan to be tested according to the needs. First, a hole is set on the outer surface of the fan's bearing box. The bottom of nut 701 is attached to the outside of the bearing box. Then, screw 702 is passed through the hole inside the bearing box and installed together with nut 701. The number of gaskets 703 can be appropriately increased according to the thickness of the bearing box to ensure a stable installation. Secondly, fit the bottom of nut 2 704 to base 1 705, and then tighten screw 2 709 into nut 2 704 through inverted tapered hole 708, so that base 1 705 and sensor form a whole. Then, use annular magnet 1 707 in annular groove 1 706 at the bottom of base 1 705 to attach to the outside of the fan bearing box that can be attracted to it, and the installation is completed; Third, the bottom of the housing 1 is connected to the fixing seat 717 through the external spring 713, so that the second base 714 and the housing 1 form an integral whole. Then, the sleeve 710 is put on the outside of the housing 1. Since the facing surfaces of the annular magnet 2 712 in the second annular groove 711 at the bottom of the sleeve 710 and the annular magnet 3 716 in the third annular groove 715 at the top of the second base 714 have the same magnetic poles, repulsion will occur between the two, so that the sleeve 710 can be suspended outside the housing 1. In addition, the third annular magnet 716 is one circle larger than the second annular magnet 712, which can stabilize the second annular magnet 712 directly above the third annular magnet 716. Since the external spring 713 has a thinner diameter, it can help the housing 1 to remain in a vertical state. Finally, the third screw 719 and the mounting slot 718 are used to install it on the shell of the fan bearing box. When using the sensor mechanism 3 to detect the bearing of the fan, the spring wire 303 is made of platinum material, which has stable elasticity and corrosion resistance. The sphere 304 is made of platinum alloy material, which is light in weight and has good conductivity, and can quickly respond to high-frequency vibrations. The electrode piece 1 302 and the electrode piece 2 307 are made of highly conductive copper plates or gold-plated copper plates to reduce signal loss. The entire sensor mechanism 3 has an equivalent capacitor. When external vibration acts on the sensor, the spring wire 303 will undergo elastic deformation, and the sphere 304 will shake in multiple directions such as up and down, left and right. The position change of the sphere 304 causes the equivalent capacitor to change. The slight fluctuation of the vibration amplitude, speed and acceleration will cause the charge on the electrode sheet 1 302 and the electrode sheet 2 307 to be redistributed, generating displacement current and conduction current. The difference in vibration amplitude, speed and acceleration will cause slight changes in the electric field and magnetic field, causing the voltage and current signals of the positive and negative electrodes to change accordingly. The outside of the sensor will be connected to instruments to measure the voltage and current changes between the positive and negative electrodes, and the vibration signal can be obtained. It can generate vibration curves, vibration acceleration curves, vibration spectrum lines, current change curves, and voltage change curves. Analysis can help identify early fault characteristics. In addition, the third installation method can transmit the vibration to the external spring 713 through the base 2 714, and then act on the housing 1 to shake, which can amplify the vibration of the sensor mechanism 3 inside the housing 1, strengthen the capture signal, and cope with smaller vibrations.

Claims

1. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor, characterized in that: include: A housing (1), wherein a sealing cover (2) is embedded in the interior of the housing (1), the top of the sealing cover (2) is flush with the top of the housing (1), and the housing (1) and the sealing cover (2) form a closed space; A sensor mechanism (3) is arranged in an internal space enclosed by the housing (1) and the sealing cover (2), the sensor mechanism (3) comprising an insulating tube (301), the outer wall of the insulating tube (301) being fixedly connected to a connecting block (308), the insulating tube (301) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1) via the connecting block (308), the interior of the insulating tube (301) being fixedly connected to an electrode sheet 1 (302) and an electrode sheet 2 (307), the bottom of the electrode sheet 1 (302) and the top of the electrode sheet 2 (307) being flush with the bottom and the top of the insulating tube (301), respectively, the facing surfaces of the electrode sheet 1 (302) and the electrode sheet 2 (307) being fixedly connected to a spring wire (303), the outer middle portion of the spring wire (303) being fixedly connected to a sphere (304), the sphere (304) carrying a positive charge or a negative charge; An assembly component (7) is provided at the bottom of the housing (1) and is used for connecting a product to be detected by the sensor mechanism (3).

2. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opposite sides of the electrode sheet 1 (302) and the electrode sheet 2 (307) are fixedly connected with the wire 1 (305) and the wire 2 (306), respectively. One end of the wire 1 (305) and the wire 2 (306) pass through the outer wall of the sealing cover (2) and extend to the outside thereof. One end of the wire 1 (305) and the wire 2 (306) are fixedly connected with the connecting piece (6).

3. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer sleeves of the wire 1 (305) and the wire 2 (306) are provided with wire sleeves (5), the connecting piece (6) is exposed outside the wire sleeve (5), the top of the sealing cover (2) is detachably connected with a connecting cap (4), the connecting cap (4) is sleeved on the outside of the wire sleeve (5), and the top of the connecting cap (4) fixes the outside of the wire sleeve (5) through a clamp.

4. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly component (7) includes a nut (701) and a screw (702), the top of the nut (701) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1), the outer side of the screw (702) is threadedly connected to the inner side of the nut (701), and the outer side of the screw (702) is provided with a gasket (703), and the gasket (703) is located between the nut (701) and the screw (702).

5. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly component (7) further includes a nut 2 (704) and a base 1 (705), wherein the top of the nut 2 (704) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1), and the base 1 (705) is located directly below the nut 2 (704). A hole is provided at the inner center of the base 1 (705), and an inverted cone hole (708) is provided on the inner wall of the hole. A screw 2 (709) is provided inside the inverted cone hole (708), and the top of the screw 2 (709) is threadedly connected to the inner side of the nut 2 (704).

6. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base one (705) is installed on the bottom of the nut two (704) by means of screw two (709), and the top of the base one (705) is fitted with the bottom of the nut two (704), and an annular groove one (706) is provided at the bottom of the base one (705), and an annular magnet one (707) is embedded in the annular groove one (706) at the bottom of the base one (705), and the annular magnet one (707) is used to be adsorbed on the metal shell of the product to be tested.

7. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly component (7) further includes a sleeve (710) and a second base (714), wherein the second base (714) is located directly below the housing (1), a through hole is provided at the inner center of the second base (714), and a fixing seat (717) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole, an external spring (713) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing seat (717), and the top end of the external spring (713) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing (1).

8. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sleeve (710) is sleeved on the outside of the outer shell (1), and the outer side of the outer shell (1) is slidably connected to the inner side of the sleeve (710).

9. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the sleeve (710) is provided with an annular groove 2 (711), and an annular magnet 2 (712) is embedded in the annular groove 2 (711) at the bottom of the sleeve (710). The top of the base 2 (714) is provided with an annular groove 3 (715), and an annular magnet 3 (716) is embedded in the annular groove 3 (715) at the top of the base 2 (714). The annular magnet 2 (712) and the annular magnet 3 (716) repel each other.

10. A high-precision vibration spectrum sensor according to claim 9, characterized in that: Two mounting grooves (718) are provided at the bottom of the base 2 (714), and the internal threads of the mounting grooves (718) are connected with screws 3 (719). The base 2 (714) is mounted on the shell of the product to be tested by the two screws 3 (719) and the two mounting grooves (718).

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