Internal solitary wave intelligent observation system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of internal solitary wave observation, in particular to an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system which comprises a priori subsurface buoy, a first anchoring device, a first control module, a first communication module, a storage module, a pressure sensor and a first floating ball. And the observation subsurface buoy comprises a second anchoring device, a second control module, a second communication module, an observation instrument and a second floating ball. The invention also discloses an intelligent observation method for the internal solitary wave, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, when the pressure of the pressure sensor changes, the first control module starts an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp calculation program; s2, the first control module encodes the timestamp, and the timestamp is transmitted to the second communication module by the first communication module; and S3, the second communication module receives the signal and transmits the signal to the second control module, and the second control module controls the observation instrument to be adjusted from the low-frequency observation mode to the high-frequency observation mode. According to the invention, the energy consumption speed is reduced, and the working time is prolonged, so that the laying cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ocean internal solitary wave observation, and more particularly to an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system and method. Background Art

[0002] Internal solitary waves are large-amplitude, highly nonlinear waves active in stratified oceans. Their amplitudes can reach 240 meters, and their maximum horizontal velocities can approach 2-3 meters per second. During propagation, they can increase the maximum vertical mixing rate by three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, internal solitary waves impose significant loads on underwater projects such as oil piles. Accurate observation of internal solitary waves is crucial to ensure the reliable operation of underwater projects.

[0003] Currently, underwater observations of internal solitary waves are primarily based on submerged buoys and buoys. To accurately capture characteristics such as the maximum amplitude, maximum wave-induced velocity, and wave propagation direction of internal solitary waves, the sampling interval of the observation instruments must be less than 2 minutes. Traditional submerged buoy observations generally use a constant sampling frequency. However, maintaining a high sampling frequency of less than 2 minutes for a long time means that the instrument battery power is quickly depleted, the submerged buoy's operating time is shortened, and the instrument maintenance is required within a short period of time, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that maintaining a high sampling frequency for a long time leads to rapid consumption of the buoy's battery, and to provide an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system and method, which reduces the power consumption rate, extends the working time of the buoy, and thus reduces the deployment cost of the internal solitary wave observation system.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: Provided is an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system, including a priori buoys and observation buoys: The priori buoy includes a first anchoring device, an intelligent early warning unit, a pressure sensor and a first buoy connected in sequence, and the first anchoring device cooperates with the first buoy to make the intelligent early warning unit located underwater. At a depth, the pressure sensor is located at a preset water depth At, the pressure sensor is used to record water pressure data; The observation buoy comprises a second anchoring device, an intelligent observation unit, an observation instrument and a second buoy connected in sequence, wherein the second anchoring device cooperates with the second buoy to allow the intelligent observation unit to be located underwater. At the depth, the observation instrument is used to record the changes in hydrological elements; the priori buoy is arranged upstream of the observation buoy along the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave; The intelligent early warning unit includes a first control module and a first communication module and a storage module connected to the first control module signal. The first control module stores an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp. A calculation program for determining whether an internal solitary wave exists based on the water pressure data and calculating the timestamp of the observation instrument entering the high-frequency observation mode , and timestamp The storage module is used to store the water pressure data and the intermediate data of the first control module, and the first communication module is used to transmit the data with a timestamp to the intelligent observation unit. Acoustic signals of information; The intelligent observation unit includes a second control module and a second communication module connected by signals, and the second communication module is used to receive the The second control module is used to parse the timestamp in the acoustic signal The second control module is further configured to control the observation instrument to switch to the low-frequency observation mode after the observation instrument maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time.

[0006] In the intelligent observation system of internal solitary waves of the present invention, the priori buoy continuously monitors the pressure changes of the water body through the pressure sensor. When the pressure abnormality is detected, the first control module in the intelligent early warning unit automatically starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. When an internal solitary wave exists, the time stamp is used to The calculation program calculates the timestamp of entering the high-frequency observation mode , and then the timestamp The intelligent observation unit in the observation buoy receives the signal through the second communication module and uses the second control module to accurately decode the timestamp. , and controls the observation instrument to switch to high-frequency observation mode at a specified time, completely recording the hydrological data when the internal solitary wave passes through. The observation instrument continues to work in the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, and then automatically returns to the low-frequency observation mode. The first anchoring device cooperates with the first buoy to make the first communication module underwater. At the depth, the second anchoring device cooperates with the second buoy to make the second communication module underwater. The pressure sensor in the priori buoy is located at the preset water depth, which facilitates the communication between the intelligent warning unit and the intelligent observation unit. The first control module is used to store water pressure data and the second control module is used to store water pressure data and the first ...

[0007] Furthermore, the Follow these steps to obtain: The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave is obtained by analyzing the historical observation records of the sea area where the prior buoy is located; The vertical profile of the sound speed is calculated according to the conditions of the sea area where the priori buoy is located. The vertical profile of the sound speed is expressed by the following formula:

[0008] in, Indicates the change of sound speed with depth, represents the profile of climatological temperature variation with depth, represents the profile of climatological salinity variation with depth, Indicates depth; The depth at which the minimum sound velocity occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound velocity. .

[0009] The depth at which the minimum sound velocity occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound velocity. The prior buoy is placed at a preset position. The propagation direction of the solitary wave recorded in the historical observation record at the preset position provides a basis for the subsequent determination of the location of the observation buoy. The vertical profile of the sound speed is calculated according to the sea conditions, and the depth when the minimum sound speed occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile. By installing the first communication module and the second communication module underwater Deploying the system at depth, i.e., along the acoustic channel axis, effectively reduces propagation energy loss, thereby ensuring reliable and accurate communication between buoys. This formula for calculating the vertical sound velocity profile achieves high-precision predictions of the ocean's vertical sound velocity profile by precisely coupling temperature, salinity, and depth parameters. This provides a key basis for determining the optimal acoustic communication depth, ensuring low-loss transmission of acoustic signals in the optimal acoustic channel, and thus enhancing communication reliability between the priori buoys and the observation buoys.

[0010] Furthermore, in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave, the distance between the priori buoy and the observed buoy is , Greater than 9 kilometers. The adoption of intervals greater than 9 kilometers is primarily due to consideration of both the distance limit for acoustic communication and the minimum required distance for internal solitary wave warning. This ensures that, under acoustic communication conditions, the observation buoy can be notified in a timely manner to conduct high-frequency observations, ensuring that the acoustic signal always arrives before the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy, avoiding missed observation data and thus improving observation accuracy.

[0011] The present invention also provides an internal solitary wave intelligent observation method, which is applied to an internal solitary wave intelligent observation system and includes the following steps: S1. When the pressure sensor detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the time is recorded. The first control module starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. When the internal solitary wave judgment program judges that the internal solitary wave occurs, the timestamp is started. The calculation program calculates the timestamp of the observation instrument starting the high frequency observation mode ; S2. The first control module controls the timestamp Encoding and converting the encoded data into an acoustic signal, which is then transmitted by the first communication module to the second communication module; S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module controls the observation instrument to adjust from the low-frequency observation mode to the high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to the low-frequency observation mode.

[0012] When the pressure sensor detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the first control module starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. If the judgment result is that the internal solitary wave occurs, the first control module will start the internal solitary wave judgment program through the timestamp. Calculation program calculates timestamp The first communication module will be the timestamp encoded by the first control module The acoustic signal is sent to the second communication module, which ultimately adjusts the operating mode of the observation instrument through the second control module. The observation instrument in the present invention operates in a low-power, low-frequency sampling mode most of the time, only briefly activating a high-energy, high-frequency mode before the predicted arrival of an internal solitary wave. After a first preset time, the instrument switches to a low-frequency observation mode. This significantly reduces the rate of battery energy consumption, significantly extending the lifespan of a single deployment of the buoy. Due to the extended battery life, the intervals between buoy recovery and battery replacement or maintenance are significantly increased, reducing the manpower, vessel, and time required for recovering and deploying the buoy at sea, significantly reducing long-term operating and maintenance costs.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps: S11. Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment, Indicates the current moment’s position in the time series. is the sampling time interval of the pressure sensor; record The pressure data at the moment is , calculate the pressure difference between the two moments ; S12, when it appears Time, record time , start counting If the next moment Still calculated When , and so on, when When the observation instrument enters the high-frequency observation mode, the time stamp is calculated. ,in ; S13. If the next moment Calculated , calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at each moment ,like are greater than 0, then the recorded time Reset to zero and repeat step S12. The internal solitary wave judgment program achieves reliable identification of true internal solitary wave signals through continuous pressure difference monitoring and a counting trigger mechanism, effectively avoiding false triggering and ensuring that the observation instrument accurately activates the high-frequency observation mode only before the arrival of the true internal solitary wave.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps: S14. Calculate the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves ; S15, according to the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observing buoy ; S16, according to the time when the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy Determine the timestamp when the observation instrument enters high-frequency observation mode Timestamp The calculation steps first accurately predict the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave , according to the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves The arrival time at the observation buoy is calculated, and finally the timestamp for starting high-frequency observation is determined, thus realizing the intelligent and precise triggering of the high-frequency observation mode of the observation instrument, ensuring the complete capture of the internal solitary wave characteristics and maximizing energy consumption savings.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S14, the internal solitary wave propagation velocity is calculated The following steps are involved: S141, will Convert the pressure value at the moment to the depth value , and calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave:

[0016] in, is the amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for The depth value at the moment, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave passes through with the maximum amplitude; S142, based on the longitude, latitude and time of the prior buoy , determine the season of the location and obtain the climate temperature profile of the season with depth and salinity profiles with depth , using climatological temperature profiles and climatological salinity profiles Calculate density , and calculate the buoyancy frequency:

[0017] in is the buoyancy frequency, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the density of seawater, is the density of seawater exist rate of change in direction; S143. Solve the vertical modal equation of internal waves:

[0018]

[0019] in represents the fluctuating linear phase velocity, is the vertical coordinate, is the total depth of the fluid layer, represents the vertical modal structure function of internal waves; S144. Calculate nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation : ; S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation, the preset water depth is obtained by interpolation calculation. The internal wave mode value at ; S146, according to the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave :

[0020] in represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for Maximum value at depth; S147, according to the nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves : Through multi-parameter coupling calculation and internal solitary wave modal analysis, a high-precision prediction of the internal solitary wave propagation velocity was achieved, providing key velocity parameters for the high-frequency observation triggering of the observation instrument, ensuring that the internal solitary wave characteristics can be fully captured while optimizing energy efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S15, the time when the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy is The calculation method is:

[0022] in, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave reaches its maximum amplitude, is the distance between the priori buoy and the observed buoy in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave. By combining the internal solitary wave propagation velocity c and the distance between the priori buoy and the observed buoy in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observing buoy , which provides a key time benchmark for the precise triggering of subsequent high-frequency observation modes, ensuring that the observation system starts high-frequency data acquisition at the best time.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S16, the timestamp for entering the high frequency observation mode is determined. The method is:

[0024] in, The timestamp calculation method introduces the second preset time As an advance amount, the observation instrument can start the high-frequency observation mode in advance before the internal solitary wave actually arrives, ensuring that the key data in the early stage of the waveform is fully captured while avoiding data omissions due to response delays.

[0025] Furthermore, step S3 includes the following steps: S31: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module, and the second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information; S32, the second control module timestamps The observation instrument is transmitted to the observation instrument, so that the observation instrument receives the internal solitary wave sampling time. When , increase the sampling frequency and enter the high-frequency observation mode; S33, when When the second control module starts timing, and when the timing reaches a first preset time, it automatically controls the observation instrument to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to low-frequency observation mode. The second communication component receives the acoustic signal, which the second control component decodes and controls the observation instrument. This enables intelligent switching of the observation instrument's sampling mode, ensuring that the high-frequency observation mode is automatically enabled before the arrival of the internal solitary wave and that the low-frequency sampling mode is promptly restored after the internal solitary wave ends. This significantly reduces system energy consumption while ensuring data integrity.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The observation instruments in the observation buoy are in low-power, low-frequency observation mode most of the time, and only briefly start the high-energy, high-frequency observation mode before the predicted arrival of the internal solitary wave. This significantly reduces the rate of battery energy consumption, greatly extending the working life of the buoy during a single deployment. 2. The battery life is extended, and the intervals between buoy recovery and battery replacement or maintenance are greatly reduced, which reduces the manpower, vessel and time costs required for sea buoy recovery and deployment, significantly reducing the long-term operation and maintenance costs of the entire observation system. 3. The observation instrument can start the high-frequency observation mode before the arrival of the internal solitary wave, ensuring that key characteristic information such as the maximum amplitude and maximum flow velocity of the internal solitary wave can be captured, with high observation quality and reduced invalid data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal solitary wave intelligent observation system, where the arrows indicate the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave; Figure 2 Internal solitary wave judgment program and timestamp Flowchart of the calculation procedure; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of internal solitary wave observation of a priori buoy; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of internal solitary wave observation of a buoy.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings: 100, first anchoring device; 200, intelligent early warning unit; 300, pressure sensor; 400, first buoy; 500, second anchoring device; 600, intelligent observation unit; 700, observation instrument; 800, second buoy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic, not actual, representations. They should not be construed as limiting the present application. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced in size, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the products. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted from the drawings.

[0030] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1 This embodiment is the first embodiment of the internal solitary wave intelligent observation system, including a priori buoys and observation buoys: The priori submerged buoy includes a first anchoring device 100, an intelligent early warning unit 200, a pressure sensor 300 and a first floating ball 400 connected in sequence. The first anchoring device 100 and the first floating ball 400 cooperate to make the intelligent early warning unit 200 located underwater. At depth, the pressure sensor 300 is located at a preset water depth At, the pressure sensor 300 is used to record water pressure data; The observation buoy includes a second anchoring device 500, an intelligent observation unit 600, an observation instrument 700 and a second buoy 800 connected in sequence. The second anchoring device 500 and the second buoy 800 cooperate to make the intelligent observation unit 600 located underwater. At the depth, the observation instrument 700 is used to record the changes in hydrological elements; the priori buoy is arranged upstream of the observation buoy along the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave; The intelligent early warning unit 200 includes a first control module and a first communication module and a storage module connected to the first control module signal. The first control module stores the internal solitary wave judgment program and the timestamp. A calculation program for determining whether an internal solitary wave exists based on water pressure data and calculating the timestamp when the observation instrument 700 enters the high-frequency observation mode , and timestamp The storage module is used to store the water pressure data and the intermediate data of the first control module, and the first communication module is used to transmit the data with the timestamp to the intelligent observation unit 600. Acoustic signals of information; The intelligent observation unit 600 includes a second control module and a second communication module connected by signals, the second communication module is used to receive the time stamped The second control module is used to analyze the timestamp in the acoustic signal The second control module is further configured to control the observation instrument 700 to enter the high-frequency observation mode after the observation instrument 700 maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, in the internal solitary wave intelligent observation system of the present invention, the priori buoy continuously monitors the water pressure changes through the pressure sensor 300. When the pressure abnormality is detected, the first control module in the intelligent early warning unit 200 automatically starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. When an internal solitary wave exists, the time stamp is used to The timestamp when the computer enters the high-frequency observation mode , and then the timestamp The intelligent observation unit 600 in the observation buoy receives the signal through the second communication module and uses the second control module to accurately decode the signal. , and controls the observation instrument 700 to switch to high-frequency observation mode at a specified time to fully record the hydrological data when the internal solitary wave passes through. After the internal solitary wave passes through the observation buoy, the observation instrument 700 automatically returns to the low-frequency observation mode. The first anchoring device 100 cooperates with the first buoy 400 to make the first communication module located underwater. At the depth, the second anchoring device 500 cooperates with the second buoy 800 to make the second communication module located underwater. The pressure sensor 300 in the priori buoy is located at a preset water depth. The observation instrument 700 in the observation buoy is used to record changes in hydrological elements. The position of the observation instrument 700 in this embodiment can be adjusted at will and determined according to actual observation needs. The prior buoy is deployed upstream of the observation buoy along the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave to ensure that the prior buoy can detect the internal solitary wave first. The present invention realizes intelligent observation of "event triggering-precise warning-on-demand sampling" through the collaboration of two buoys, which significantly reduces energy consumption while ensuring data quality. The observation instrument 700 is in a low-power, low-frequency sampling mode most of the time, and only briefly activates a high-energy, high-frequency mode before the predicted arrival of the internal solitary wave. The battery energy consumption rate is significantly reduced, which greatly extends the working life of the buoy for a single deployment. Due to the extended battery life, the time interval between the buoy's battery replacement or maintenance is greatly increased, which reduces the manpower, ship and time costs required for sea recovery and deployment of the buoy, and significantly reduces long-term operation and maintenance costs.

[0033] The depth in this embodiment Follow these steps to obtain: The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave is obtained by analyzing the historical observation records of the sea area where the prior buoy is located; Calculate the vertical profile of the sound speed based on the prior conditions of the sea area where the buoy is located; The depth at which the minimum sound velocity occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound velocity The priori buoy is placed at the preset position. According to the main propagation direction of the solitary wave recorded in the historical observation record of the preset position, it provides a basis for the subsequent determination of the layout position of the observation buoy. The depth when the minimum sound speed occurs is calculated according to the sea conditions. By installing the first communication module and the second communication module underwater Deploying it at depth, that is, at the axis of the sound channel, can effectively reduce the energy loss of sound propagation, thereby ensuring the reliability and accuracy of communication between buoys.

[0034] The prior submersible is arranged in the upstream direction of the internal solitary wave propagation direction along the observation submersible, and the distance between the prior submersible and the observation submersible is recorded , so that the prior submersible can detect the internal solitary wave first. A pressure sensor 300 is arranged on the prior submersible to record water pressure data, in combination with a preset water depth and a sampling time interval Δt, for subsequent determination of the internal solitary wave.

[0035] The vertical profile of the sound speed in the embodiment is expressed by the following formula:

[0036] wherein, represents the change value of the sound speed with depth, represents the change profile of the climatological temperature with depth, represents the change profile of the climatological salinity with depth, represents the depth. The sound speed calculation formula realizes high-precision prediction of the vertical profile of the ocean sound speed by precisely coupling the temperature, salinity and depth parameters, provides a key basis for determining the optimal acoustic communication depth, ensures low-loss transmission of the acoustic signal in the optimal acoustic channel, thereby enhancing the communication reliability between the prior submersible and the observation submersible.

[0037] The distance between the prior submersible and the observation submersible in the direction of the internal solitary wave propagation is greater than 9 kilometers. The interval of more than 9 kilometers is mainly to consider the distance limitation of acoustic communication and the minimum required distance of internal solitary wave early warning, to ensure that the observation submersible can be notified in time for high-frequency observation under the condition of acoustic communication, so that the acoustic signal can always arrive before the internal solitary wave reaches the observation submersible, avoiding missing observation data, thereby improving the observation accuracy.

[0038] The first preset time in the embodiment can be set to 40-60 minutes, the sampling frequency in the high-frequency observation mode is two minutes, and the sampling frequency in the low-frequency observation mode is one hour. The preset water depth of the pressure sensor 300 may be selected to be 200-250 meters, and the sampling time interval Δt of the pressure sensor 300 can be 5-15 seconds.

[0039] The first anchoring device 100 and the second anchoring device 500 in the embodiment refer to components for fixing the submersible to the target depth by gravity or mechanical anchoring, including but not limited to pressure blocks, anchor chains and the like. When the pressure block scheme is adopted, the prior submersible and the observation submersible realize depth control by the cooperation of the pressure block gravity and the floating ball; when the anchor connection scheme is adopted, the prior submersible and the observation submersible are connected to the seabed fixed point through the anchor chain.

[0040] Embodiment two This embodiment is the first embodiment of the internal solitary wave intelligent observation method, which includes the following steps: S1. When the pressure sensor 300 detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the time is recorded. The first control module starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. When the internal solitary wave judgment program judges that the internal solitary wave appears, the timestamp is started. The calculation program calculates the timestamp when the observation instrument 700 starts the high-frequency observation mode ; S2, the first control module timestamps Encoding, converting into acoustic signals, and transmitting from the first communication module to the second communication module; S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module controls the observation instrument 700 to adjust from the low-frequency observation mode to the high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument 700 maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to the low-frequency observation mode.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps: S11. Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment, Indicates the current moment’s position in the time series. is the sampling time interval of the pressure sensor 300; record The pressure data at the moment is , calculate the pressure difference between the two moments , the pressure data in this embodiment is a positive number; S12, when it appears Time, record time , start counting If the next moment Still calculated When , and so on, when When the time comes, the time stamp of the observation instrument 700 entering the high-frequency observation mode begins to be calculated. ,in ; S13. If the next moment Calculated , calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at each moment ,like are greater than 0, then the recorded time Reset to zero and repeat step S12. The internal solitary wave judgment program achieves reliable identification of true internal solitary wave signals through continuous pressure difference monitoring and a counting trigger mechanism, effectively avoiding false triggering and ensuring that the observation instrument 700 accurately activates the high-frequency observation mode only before the arrival of a true internal solitary wave.

[0042] In step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps: S14, calculating the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave ; S15, according to the propagation speed of internal solitary waves Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observing buoy ; S16, based on the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observation buoy Determine the timestamp of the observation instrument 700 entering the high-frequency observation mode Timestamp The calculation steps first accurately predict the propagation velocity of the internal solitary wave , according to the propagation speed of internal solitary waves Calculating the arrival time at the observation buoy and ultimately determining the timestamp for starting high-frequency observations enables intelligent and precise triggering of the Observation Instrument 700's high-frequency observation mode, ensuring complete capture of internal solitary wave characteristics while minimizing energy consumption. In this embodiment, the preset pressure change value can be selected as 30 dBa.

[0043] In step S14, the internal solitary wave propagation velocity is calculated The following steps are involved: S141, will Convert the pressure value at the moment to the depth value , and calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave:

[0044] in is the amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for The depth value at the moment, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave passes through with the maximum amplitude; S142, based on the longitude, latitude and time of the prior buoy , determine the season of the location and obtain the climate temperature profile of the season with depth and salinity profiles with depth , using climatological temperature profiles and climatological salinity profiles Calculate density , and calculate the buoyancy frequency:

[0045] in is the buoyancy frequency, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the density of seawater, is the density of seawater exist rate of change in direction; S143. Solve the vertical modal equation of internal waves:

[0046]

[0047] in represents the fluctuating linear phase velocity, is the vertical coordinate, is the total depth of the fluid layer, represents the vertical modal structure function of internal waves; S144. Calculate nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation : ; S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation, the preset water depth is obtained by interpolation calculation. The internal wave mode value at ; S146, according to the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave :

[0048] in represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for Maximum value at depth; S147, according to the nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves : Through multi-parameter coupling calculations and internal solitary wave modal analysis, a high-precision prediction of the internal solitary wave propagation velocity was achieved, providing key velocity parameters for the high-frequency observation triggering of the Observation Instrument 700, ensuring that the dynamic characteristics of the internal solitary wave can be fully captured while optimizing energy efficiency.

[0049] The time when the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy in step S15 The calculation method is:

[0050] in, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave reaches its maximum amplitude, is the distance between the priori buoy and the observed buoy in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave. By combining the internal solitary wave propagation velocity c and the distance between the priori buoy and the observed buoy in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observing buoy , which provides a key time benchmark for the precise triggering of subsequent high-frequency observation modes, ensuring that the observation system starts high-frequency data acquisition at the best time.

[0051] In step S16, the timestamp for entering the high-frequency observation mode is determined. The method is:

[0052] in, The timestamp calculation method introduces the second preset time As an advance amount, the observation instrument 700 can start the high-frequency observation mode in advance before the internal solitary wave actually arrives, ensuring that the key data of the initial waveform is fully captured while avoiding data omissions caused by response delays. You can choose 15 to 20 minutes.

[0053] In this embodiment, the internal wave vertical modal equation without background flow is used as the calculation equation for the internal solitary wave propagation velocity. The internal solitary wave vertical modal equation with background flow or the DJL equation can also be used for calculation.

[0054] Example 3 This embodiment is a second embodiment of the internal solitary wave intelligent observation method. This embodiment is similar to the second embodiment, except that step S3 includes the following steps: S31: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module. The second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information; S32, the second control module timestamps The observation instrument 700 is transmitted to the observation instrument 700, so that the observation instrument 700 receives the internal solitary wave sampling time. When , increase the sampling frequency and enter the high-frequency observation mode; S33, when When the second control module begins timing, and when the timer reaches a first preset time, it automatically controls observation instrument 700 to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to low-frequency observation mode. The second communication component receives the acoustic signal, which the second control component decodes and controls observation instrument 700. This enables intelligent switching of sampling modes for observation instrument 700, ensuring that high-frequency observation is automatically enabled before the arrival of the internal solitary wave and that low-frequency sampling mode is promptly restored after the internal solitary wave ends. This significantly reduces system energy consumption while ensuring data integrity.

[0055] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of internal solitary wave observation of a priori buoy. The horizontal axis represents observation time, the vertical axis represents depth, and the color changes represent seawater temperature. The black solid line represents the change of pressure over time, and the white pentagon represents the time when the internal solitary wave passes the priori buoy as determined by the intelligent early warning unit 200. . Figure 4 Schematic diagram of internal solitary wave observation of a buoy. The horizontal axis represents observation time, the vertical axis represents depth, and the color changes represent seawater temperature. The black solid line represents the time when the observation instrument 700 enters the high-frequency observation mode. , the black dotted line is the time when the observation instrument 700 switches to the low-frequency observation mode.

[0056] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 The distance between the corresponding priori buoy and the observed buoy is 22.164 kilometers. Historical research shows that the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave in the observed sea area is 282° (0° to the north), and the angle between the distance between the two buoys and the main propagation direction of the internal solitary wave in the sea area is 50°. Therefore, according to the trigonometric function relationship, the distance between the two can be projected onto the main propagation direction of the internal solitary wave to correct the distance between the two in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave. The corrected distance is 14.24 km, which is greater than 9 km and meets the relative position requirements of the prior buoy and the observed buoy.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, during the observation period, an internal solitary wave passed through the a priori buoy observation point, and both the velocity and temperature were severely disturbed during its passage. The arrival time of this internal solitary wave was 05:07. The a priori buoy used a pressure sensor 300 deployed at 218 meters to obtain the pressure change over time. Figure 3 The black solid line in the figure shows the change of pressure data over time. By using the internal solitary wave judgment algorithm, the time when the internal solitary wave passes through the trough can be accurately obtained, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 As shown in the pentagon. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the algorithm calculates that the high-frequency observation mode starts at 6:34 and ends at 7:14. The same internal solitary wave is observed passing through the observation buoy, and the trough passes through at 6:57. Figure 4As shown by the black solid line and the black dashed line, the high-frequency observation mode of the observation instrument 700 completely covers the entire passage process of the internal solitary wave.

[0058] In the specific contents of the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, the various technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory manner. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the above-mentioned technical features are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal solitary wave intelligent observation system, characterized in that: Including prior buoys and observed buoys: The priori submerged buoy comprises a first anchoring device (100), an intelligent early warning unit (200), a pressure sensor (300), and a first buoy (400) connected in sequence, wherein the first anchoring device (100) and the first buoy (400) cooperate to enable the intelligent early warning unit (200) to be located underwater. At a depth, the pressure sensor (300) is located at a preset water depth The pressure sensor (300) is used to record water pressure data; The observation buoy comprises a second anchoring device (500), an intelligent observation unit (600), an observation instrument (700) and a second buoy (800) connected in sequence, wherein the second anchoring device (500) cooperates with the second buoy (800) to enable the intelligent observation unit (600) to be located underwater. At a depth, the observation instrument (700) is used to record changes in hydrological elements; the priori buoy is arranged upstream of the observation buoy along the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave; The intelligent early warning unit (200) comprises a first control module, a first communication module connected to the first control module by signal, and a storage module. The first control module stores an internal solitary wave judgment program and a timestamp. A calculation program for determining whether an internal solitary wave exists based on the water pressure data and calculating a timestamp for the observation instrument (700) to enter a high-frequency observation mode , and timestamp and acoustic signals for encoding, the storage module is used to store the water pressure data and the intermediate data of the first control module, and the first communication module is used to transmit the data with a timestamp to the intelligent observation unit (600) Acoustic signals of information; The intelligent observation unit (600) comprises a second control module and a second communication module connected by signals, wherein the second communication module is used to receive the The second control module is used to parse the timestamp in the acoustic signal The second control module is further configured to control the observation instrument (700) to enter a high-frequency observation mode after the observation instrument (700) maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, thereby controlling the observation instrument (700) to switch to a low-frequency observation mode.

2. The internal solitary wave intelligent observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: described Follow these steps to obtain: The propagation direction of the internal solitary wave is obtained by analyzing the historical observation records of the sea area where the prior buoy is located; The vertical profile of the speed of sound is calculated based on the conditions of the sea area where the priori buoy is located. The vertical profile of the speed of sound is expressed by the following formula: in, Indicates the change of sound speed with depth, represents the profile of climatological temperature variation with depth, represents the profile of climatological salinity variation with depth, Indicates depth; The depth at which the minimum sound velocity occurs is obtained based on the vertical profile of the sound velocity. .

3. The internal solitary wave intelligent observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave, the distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy is , Greater than 9 kilometers.

4. An internal solitary wave intelligent observation method, applied to the internal solitary wave intelligent observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. When the pressure sensor (300) detects a pressure change greater than a preset pressure change value, the time is recorded. The first control module starts the internal solitary wave judgment program. When the internal solitary wave judgment program judges that the internal solitary wave occurs, the timestamp is started. The calculation program calculates the timestamp of the observation instrument (700) starting the high frequency observation mode ; S2. The first control module controls the timestamp Encoding and converting the encoded data into an acoustic signal, which is then transmitted by the first communication module to the second communication module; S3: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module, and the second control module controls the observation instrument (700) to adjust from the low-frequency observation mode to the high-frequency observation mode. After the observation instrument (700) maintains the high-frequency observation mode for a first preset time, it switches to the low-frequency observation mode.

5. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the internal solitary wave determination procedure includes the following steps: S11. Record The pressure data is ,in Indicates the current moment, Indicates the current moment’s position in the time series. is the sampling time interval of the pressure sensor (300); records The pressure data at the moment is , calculate the pressure difference between the two moments ; S12, when it appears Time, record time , start counting If the next moment Still calculated When , and so on, when When the internal solitary wave appears, the timestamp is started. calculation program, where ; S13. If the next moment Calculated , calculate in sequence and Pressure difference at each moment ,like are greater than 0, then the recorded time Reset to zero and repeat step S12.

6. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, the timestamp The calculation procedure includes the following steps: S14. Calculate the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves ; S15, according to the propagation speed of the internal solitary wave Calculate the time it takes for the internal solitary wave to reach the observation buoy ; S16, according to the time when the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy Determine the timestamp of the observation instrument (700) entering the high-frequency observation mode .

7. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S14, the internal solitary wave propagation velocity is calculated The following steps are involved: S141, will Convert the pressure value at the moment to the depth value , and calculate the amplitude of the internal solitary wave: in, is the amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for The depth value at the moment, To preset water depth, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave passes through with the maximum amplitude; S142, according to the longitude, latitude and time of the priori buoy , determine the season of the location and obtain the climate temperature profile of the season with depth and the profile of climatological salinity variation with depth , using the climatological temperature profile and the climatological salinity profile Calculate density , and calculate the buoyancy frequency : in, is the buoyancy frequency, is the acceleration due to gravity, is the density of seawater, is the density of seawater exist rate of change in direction; S143, according to the buoyancy frequency Solve the vertical mode equation of the internal wave: in, represents the fluctuating linear phase velocity, is the vertical coordinate, is the total depth of the fluid layer, represents the vertical modal structure function of internal waves; S144. Calculate nonlinear parameters based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation : ； S145. Based on the solution of the internal wave vertical modal equation, the preset water depth is obtained by interpolation calculation. The internal wave mode value at ; S146, according to the internal wave mode value Calculate the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave : in, represents the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave, for Maximum value at depth; S147, according to the nonlinear parameters and the maximum amplitude of the internal solitary wave Calculate the propagation velocity of internal solitary waves : .

8. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S15, the time when the internal solitary wave reaches the observation buoy The calculation method is: in, To determine the moment when the internal solitary wave reaches its maximum amplitude, is the distance between the prior buoy and the observed buoy in the propagation direction of the internal solitary wave.

9. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S16, the timestamp of the observation instrument (700) entering the high-frequency observation mode is determined. The method is: in, It is the second preset time.

10. The intelligent observation method for internal solitary waves according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: S31: The second communication module receives the acoustic signal and transmits it to the second control module, and the second control module decodes the acoustic signal and restores the timestamp. information; S32, the second control module timestamps The observation instrument (700) is transmitted to the observation instrument (700), so that the observation instrument (700) receives the internal solitary wave sampling time. When , increase the sampling frequency and enter the high-frequency observation mode; S33, when When the second control module starts timing, and when the timing reaches a first preset time, the observation instrument (700) is automatically controlled to reduce the sampling frequency and switch to a low-frequency observation mode.

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