Wheat water-saving irrigation and nutrient synchronous management method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wheat irrigation, and discloses a wheat water-saving irrigation and nutrient synchronous management method which comprises the following steps: step 1, a monitoring module acquires data regularly; 2, judging whether irrigation is needed or not, and if the threshold value is exceeded, waiting; 3, synchronizing meteorological data, determining irrigation or waiting and determining fertilization time according to rainfall conditions; 4, applying fertilizer to the unmanned aerial vehicle 2 hours before rainfall; 5, collecting filtered rainwater during rainfall, and taking part of soluble fertilizer after the rainwater reaches the standard; 6, sprinkling irrigation is carried out when no rainfall exists after fertilization, and water is pumped for supplement when rainwater is insufficient. Through dynamic linkage of weather forecast and an irrigation plan, irrigation is stopped before rainfall, natural rainfall is preferentially utilized, the rainwater collection and storage technology is matched, the manual irrigation water consumption can be reduced by 60% or above, meanwhile, a clear water storage threshold value and a water pumping and supplementing mechanism are arranged, rainwater waste and excessive water pumping are avoided, and the irrigation efficiency is improved. The closed-loop management of precipitation-storage-reuse is realized, and the pressure of agricultural water is effectively relieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wheat irrigation, in particular to a method for synchronous management of water-saving irrigation and nutrients of wheat. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wheat is an important food crop in China, and its yield and quality are highly dependent on irrigation and nutrient management. In the process of wheat planting, irrigation needs to be adjusted according to the soil moisture dynamic, and regular fertilization operation is also needed. The coordinated control of the two is the core to achieve high yield and efficiency. With the development of agricultural modernization, the traditional management mode relying on manual experience has been difficult to meet the needs of water saving, fertilizer saving and precision planting.

[0003] The existing wheat irrigation mainly uses drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation technology, relying on water pumping or fixed water supply system, and fertilization is mostly through manual application or mechanical topdressing. Some combine with irrigation system to realize water-soluble fertilization. In order to improve management efficiency, a small number of planting bases introduce soil moisture sensors to monitor irrigation demand, or plan irrigation time through weather forecast. At the same time, some areas try to collect rainwater for irrigation, which is stored after simple filtration and used to supplement water in water shortage, which reduces the dependence on water pumping resources to a certain extent.

[0004] However, the existing technology still has obvious defects: first, rainwater utilization is not sufficient, and the linkage mechanism of "rainfall forecast-irrigation suspension-rainwater collection" has not been established. Manual irrigation often overlaps with rainfall, and rainwater is not stored and dissolved with fertilization demand after collection. Second, the water and fertilizer coordination is poor. The fertilization operation does not use rainfall to realize "water-saving and fertilizer-dissolving", and additional irrigation is needed to dissolve the fertilizer. There is also a lack of matching design of unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization and rainfall opportunity. Third, the response capacity is insufficient. No remedial measures are set for meteorological forecast errors. The concentration stability of dissolved fertilizer is easily affected by precipitation. These problems lead to water waste and low fertilizer utilization rate. Therefore, we propose a method for synchronous management of water-saving irrigation and nutrients of wheat. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for synchronous management of water-saving irrigation and nutrients of wheat. Through the dynamic linkage of weather forecast and irrigation plan, irrigation is stopped before rainfall and natural rainfall is used preferentially. With rainwater collection and storage technology, more than 60% of manual irrigation water consumption can be reduced. At the same time, a clear water storage threshold and water pumping mechanism are set to avoid rainwater waste and excessive water pumping, realizing the closed-loop management of "rainfall-storage-reuse", effectively relieving the pressure of agricultural water, and solving the problems raised in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a method for synchronous management of water-saving irrigation and nutrients of wheat, comprising the following steps: Step one: the control center wakes up the soil monitoring module every day, the soil humidity sensor collects humidity data at a depth of 10-20 cm every 30 minutes, and the soil fertility sensor collects nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium data at a depth of 5-15 cm every 2 hours, and the data is transmitted to the control center in real time; Step two: when the soil humidity sensor monitors the value for 3 times in a row is less than the threshold value, the control center determines that it is in the "irrigation state" and generates an irrigation plan; if the humidity value is greater than the threshold value, it enters the "standby monitoring mode"; Step three: the control center synchronizes third-party weather platform data three times a day to extract 24-hour precipitation information; if irrigation is needed and there is no effective precipitation, start the drip irrigation system; if there is effective precipitation, stop irrigation and calculate the fertilization time node 2 hours before precipitation; Step four: 2 hours before precipitation, the control center instructs the unmanned aerial vehicle to fertilize according to the soil fertility data: when the nitrogen content is less than 20 mg / kg, spread 30 kg / acre of urea, when the phosphorus content is less than 10 mg / kg, superimpose 15 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate, and when the missing planting rate is greater than 5%, supplement planting; Step five: collect rainwater and filter it to the clean water storage area during precipitation, and 1 hour after precipitation ends, if the clean water storage is greater than 30 m³, extract 3 m³ to the fertilizer dissolution storage area, add fertilizer at a concentration of 200 mg / L and stand for 4 hours to dissolve; Step six: 4 hours after unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization and no effective precipitation, start the sprinkler system until the soil humidity is greater than 18%; when the clean water storage is less than 10 m³, pump water to 20 m³.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step one, a root zone fertility sensor is added, which collects data every 1 hour and adds organic matter monitoring, and the data sampling point density is one per 300㎡.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step five, the fertilizer dissolution storage area is equipped with a stirring structure, which stirs immediately after receiving rainwater and fertilizer for 10 minutes, and then stirs every 2 hours for 5 minutes until the fertilizer is completely dissolved.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, after the dissolution is completed in step five, the concentration of the solution is detected by a concentration sensor, and if the deviation is greater than 10%, the fertilizer is automatically added and stirred for 5 minutes again.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step three, two weather platform data are synchronously accessed, and the control center verifies through a "data confidence" algorithm: if the consistency rate of the two platforms is greater than 80%, it is accepted, otherwise the smaller value of the precipitation magnitude is taken.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the application, if both platforms predict no effective precipitation after unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization, the control center starts the soil moisture sensor calibration, and if the moisture content is less than 12% after calibration, the sprinkler system is started and the flow is dynamically adjusted.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the application, the rainwater collection adopts two-stage filtration, first removing large particles through a 50μm filter screen, and then filtering colloidal impurities through a 20μm precision filter membrane; the control center detects the drip irrigation system pressure every 24 hours, and when the pressure difference is greater than 0.2MPa, the filter screen is automatically backwashed.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the application, the control center establishes a "fertility-growth period" correlation model, and the nitrogen content determination threshold at the jointing stage is increased by 20% compared to the seedling stage.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the application, the soil moisture sensor is calibrated daily with manual sampling, with an error controlled within 1%, and a "moisture-irrigation amount" curve is generated after calibration.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the application, when no precipitation is detected for 7 consecutive days and the humidity is less than 10%, the water pump water replenishment threshold is raised to 30m³, and the soil sensor sampling interval is shortened to 15 minutes.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: 1. The application dynamically links weather forecasting and irrigation plans to stop irrigation before precipitation and prioritize the use of natural precipitation, combined with rainwater collection and storage technology, which can reduce more than 60% of artificial irrigation water consumption. At the same time, by setting a clean water storage threshold and a water pumping mechanism, rainwater waste and excessive pumping are avoided, realizing a closed-loop management of "precipitation-storage-reuse", and effectively alleviating the pressure on agricultural water.

[0017] 2. The application solves the problem of disconnection between weather and agricultural measures in the prior art by using the combination mechanism of "unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization + emergency sprinkling", which can ensure fertilizer dissolution through sprinkling when no precipitation is forecasted, avoiding fertilizer failure, and improving the system's anti-interference ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for wheat water-saving irrigation and nutrient synchronization management according to the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects achieved by the application easy to understand, the application is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] In the prior art, wheat irrigation relies on fixed pumping pipe network or mobile sprinkler equipment, and the irrigation time is mainly determined by the experience of farmers. Although some bases are equipped with simple humidity sensors, they are not connected with the irrigation system, and the phenomenon of excessive irrigation often occurs. In terms of rainwater utilization, only a few areas set up open-air water storage tanks, lack of filtering and zoned storage structure, rainwater is easy to mix with silt to block irrigation equipment, and is not combined with fertilization, and the collected rainwater can only be used for simple irrigation. Meteorological information application is limited to manual checking of weather forecast, and no automatic response mechanism of "forecast-irrigation-fertilization" is formed, and irrigation may be carried out before precipitation, causing waste of water resources; if fertilization is not carried out in time after precipitation, the opportunity of rainwater dissolving fertilizer will be missed. At the same time, in the prior art, the dissolution of fertilizer relies on natural standing, lacks stirring device, and is easy to precipitate to cause uneven concentration. And no response plan is designed for meteorological forecast error, if no rain after fertilization, fertilizer is easy to be hardened and invalid. Soil fertility monitoring is mostly periodic sampling detection, which is difficult to feedback the change of crop fertilizer demand in time, and cannot realize dynamic regulation. In addition, the irrigation and fertilization systems operate independently, lack of collaborative control logic, and it is difficult to meet the dual needs of water saving and nutrient management. Therefore, we propose the following technical scheme.

[0021] Embodiment one

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 The present application provides a technical scheme: a method for synchronous management of wheat water-saving irrigation and nutrients, comprising the following steps: The control center automatically wakes up the soil monitoring module at 06:00 every day, the soil humidity sensor collects data every 30 minutes, the monitoring depth is 10-20 cm, the soil fertility sensor collects nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium data every 2 hours, the monitoring depth is 5-15 cm, and the data is transmitted to the control center in real time; When the soil humidity sensor continuously monitors the value less than 15% for 3 times, the threshold value can be adjusted according to the growth period of wheat: 12-15% for seedling stage, 15-18% for jointing stage, the control center determines "irrigation required state", and generates irrigation plan. If the humidity value is greater than 15%, it enters "standby monitoring mode", and the monitoring frequency is updated every 2 hours; The control center synchronizes the third-party weather platform data three times a day at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00, focusing on extracting the 24-hour precipitation probability, precipitation period, and precipitation level. Among them, more than 50% is determined as "possible precipitation", and more than 5mm is determined as "effective precipitation". If it is determined to be "irrigation state" and there is no effective precipitation in the next 24 hours, the control center starts the drip irrigation system and adjusts the flow according to "plant spacing x row spacing". If it is detected that there is effective precipitation within the next 24 hours, the current irrigation is immediately stopped, and the "precipitation waiting mode" is entered, and the time node 2 hours before precipitation is calculated; 2 hours before precipitation, the control center generates the fertilization amount according to the soil fertility data: when the nitrogen content is less than 20mg / kg, the unmanned aerial vehicle is instructed to spread urea at 30kg / acre; when the phosphorus content is less than 10mg / kg, 15kg / acre diammonium phosphate is added. The unmanned aerial vehicle operates according to "parallel flight lines", and the operation track is returned in real time after spreading, and the control center compares the pre-fertilization area. If the missed planting rate is greater than 5%, it instructs to supplement the planting; After the precipitation starts, the rainwater is collected through surface runoff into the water collection ditch, and after filtering through the filter screen, it enters the clean water storage area. In order to ensure that the impurities are completely precipitated, 1 hour after the precipitation ends, the control center calculates the collection amount: if the water volume in the clean water storage area is greater than 30m³, 3m³ is extracted to the dissolved fertilizer storage area, and the corresponding fertilizer is added according to the "target concentration 200mg / L", and is naturally dissolved for 4 hours.

[0023] If no precipitation is detected within 4 hours after unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization or the rainfall is less than 1mm, the control center starts the sprinkler system and operates at a regular flow of 3L / h・㎡, and stops when the soil humidity is greater than 18%. When the water volume in the clean water storage area is less than 10m³, the water pump is automatically started to supplement water, and stops when the water volume reaches 20m³.

[0024] Example Two

[0025] Based on Example One, the root zone fertility sensor collects data every 1 hour, and organic matter monitoring is added, with the data sampling point density improved to every 3001. The control center establishes a "fertility-growth period" correlation model: if the nitrogen requirement in the jointing stage is 20% higher than that in the seedling stage, the nitrogen content determination threshold is automatically adjusted upwards.

[0026] After the dissolved fertilizer storage area receives 3m³ of rainwater and fertilizer, the stirring structure is immediately started, and after stirring for 10 minutes, it is stopped, and then it is stirred for 5 minutes every 2 hours until the fertilizer is completely dissolved, so that the dissolution time is shorter. After dissolution is completed, the control center detects the solution concentration through the concentration sensor, and if the deviation is greater than 10%, it automatically adds the corresponding fertilizer and stirs for 5 minutes again.

[0027] When irrigation is needed, the rainwater in the clean water storage area is used first. If the soil fertility is detected to be insufficient, the control center mixes the fertilizer solution with clean water in a ratio of "1:9" and applies it to the field through the drip irrigation system. During the irrigation process, the root zone fertility sensor monitors the absorption rate in real time. If the nitrogen content increases by less than 5 mg / kg within 3 hours, the proportion of fertilizer solution is automatically increased to 20%.

[0028] Rainwater collection uses two-stage filtration: first through a 50 μm filter to remove large particles, and then through a 20 μm precision filter membrane to filter colloidal impurities. The control center detects the outlet pressure of the drip irrigation system every 24 hours. If the pressure difference is greater than 0.2 MPa, it is determined to be a blocked state, and then the reverse flushing is automatically started using clean water to reverse flush the filter for at least ten minutes.

[0029] Example Three

[0030] Synchronize access to data from two different weather platforms. The control center sets a "data confidence" algorithm: when the consistency rate of the two platforms' precipitation forecasts is greater than 80%, it is determined to be a "high confidence forecast"; otherwise, take the smaller value of the precipitation level as a reference to reduce the probability of false positives.

[0031] After unmanned aerial vehicle fertilization, if both platforms update the forecast to "no effective precipitation" with a probability of less than 30%, the control center immediately starts the soil moisture sensor calibration and compares it with manual sampling. If the error is greater than 2%, the monitoring value is automatically corrected.

[0032] The soil moisture sensor is automatically calibrated with manual sampling at 09:00 every day, and the error needs to be controlled within 1%. After calibration, a "humidity-irrigation amount" curve is generated. When the stored rainwater is insufficient and fertilization is needed, the control center preferentially uses the fertilizer solution and irrigates in "pure fertilizer solution" mode until the soil fertility meets the standard and switches to clean water irrigation.

[0033] When a sudden drought is detected, such as no precipitation for 7 consecutive days and humidity less than 10%, the control center automatically increases the water pump replenishment threshold from 20 m³ to 30 m³ and shortens the sensor sampling interval to 15 minutes to ensure timely irrigation response.

[0034] The data parameter table 1 for implementation one, implementation two, and implementation three is as follows Comparison item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Water saving effect Water saving rate 60% Water saving rate 62% Water saving rate 68% Fertilization effect Generally Moderately Better Use cost Low cost Moderate cost Low long-term use cost Ability to cope with prediction error Generally Moderately High The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the application and application of its leading features. This application is not limited to the illustrative embodiments shown and described herein. Rather, this application is capable of operating within a further range of conditions and environments than those specifically described herein, and further modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Accordingly, the description is to be construed as illustrative only and not restrictive of the broad disclosure or application of the application. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as illustrative and with the scope of the application being measured by the appended claims, and not with the specification. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. It is my intent, therefore, to be limited only as appears in the following claims.

[0035] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the description above relates to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description above is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should understand the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A method for synchronous management of water-saving irrigation and nutrients for wheat, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: The control center wakes up the soil monitoring module every day. The soil moisture sensor collects moisture data at a depth of 10-20 cm every 30 minutes, and the soil fertility sensor collects nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium data at a depth of 5-15 cm every 2 hours. The data is transmitted to the control center in real time. Step 2: When the soil moisture sensor's monitoring value is less than the threshold for three consecutive times, the control center determines that it is in "irrigation required" state and generates an irrigation plan; if the humidity value is greater than the threshold, it enters "standby monitoring mode"; Step 3: The control center synchronizes data from a third-party meteorological platform three times a day to extract precipitation information for the next 24 hours. If irrigation is required and there is no effective precipitation, the drip irrigation system is activated. If there is effective precipitation, irrigation is stopped and the fertilization time node is calculated two hours before the precipitation. Step 4: Two hours before rainfall, the control center instructs the drone to apply fertilizer based on soil fertility data: when the nitrogen content is less than 20mg / kg, 30kg / mu of urea is sown; when the phosphorus content is less than 10mg / kg, 15kg / mu of diammonium phosphate is added; if the missed sowing rate is greater than 5%, reseeding is performed; Step 5: Collect rainwater during rainfall and filter it into the clean water storage area. One hour after the rainfall ends, if the clean water storage volume is greater than 30m³, extract 3m³ into the fertilizer storage area, add fertilizer at a concentration of 200mg / L and let it stand for 4 hours to dissolve; Step 6: If there is no effective precipitation 4 hours after the drone fertilizes, start the sprinkler system until the soil moisture is greater than 18%; when the clean water storage capacity is less than 10m³, pump water to replenish it to 20m³.

2. The method for water-saving irrigation and synchronous nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, a root zone fertility sensor is added to collect data every hour and organic matter monitoring is added, with a data sampling point density of one per 300 m2.

3. The method for synchronous water-saving irrigation and nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the fertilizer storage area is equipped with a stirring structure, which stirs the fertilizer for 10 minutes immediately after receiving the rainwater and fertilizer, and then stirs the fertilizer for 5 minutes every 2 hours until the fertilizer is completely dissolved.

4. The method for water-saving irrigation and synchronous nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the dissolution is completed in step 5, the concentration of the solution is detected by a concentration sensor. If the deviation is greater than 10%, fertilizer is automatically added and stirred for another 5 minutes.

5. The method for synchronous water-saving irrigation and nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, data from two meteorological platforms are accessed synchronously, and the control center verifies the data through a "data confidence" algorithm: if the consistency rate of the dual-platform forecast is greater than 80%, it is adopted; otherwise, the smaller value of the precipitation level is taken.

6. The method for synchronous water-saving irrigation and nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the drone applies fertilizer, if both platforms predict no effective precipitation, the control center will start the soil moisture sensor calibration. If the moisture content is less than 12% after calibration, the sprinkler system will be started and the flow rate will be dynamically adjusted.

7. The method for synchronous water-saving irrigation and nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rainwater is collected by two-stage filtration, firstly passing through a 50μm filter to remove large particles, and then passing through a 20μm fine filter membrane to filter out colloidal impurities; the control center detects the pressure of the drip irrigation system every 24 hours, and automatically backwashes the filter when the pressure difference is greater than 0.2MPa.

8. The method for water-saving irrigation and synchronous nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control center establishes a "fertility-growth period" association model, and the nitrogen content judgment threshold at the jointing stage is increased by 20% compared with the seedling stage.

9. The method for synchronous water-saving irrigation and nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture sensor is calibrated daily with manual sampling, and the error is controlled within 1%. After calibration, a "humidity-irrigation amount" curve is generated.

10. The method for water-saving irrigation and synchronous nutrient management of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: When monitoring shows no precipitation for seven consecutive days and humidity is less than 10%, the water replenishment threshold of the pump is increased to 30m³ and the soil sensor sampling interval is shortened to 15 minutes.

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