Artificial vegetation recovery method for pine burned area

Abstract

The invention provides an artificial vegetation recovery method for a pine burned area, and belongs to the technical field of vegetation recovery. The method aims to solve the problems of high difficulty and high cost of artificial afforestation in burned slash caused by poor growth conditions and post-fire site conditions of the pine as well as lack of seed banks. According to the method, based on the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and using local materials, on the premise of fully utilizing the characteristics of raw materials and micro-terrains of the burned land and reducing further damage to an ecosystem after interference, seedlings are cultivated in a cultivation container in a pine burned forest land with different burning intensities, and the recovery of the pine burned land is realized. The method comprises the following steps: digging holes in shady places, building holes with black charcoal, covering with wood chips, and tending and managing seedlings in the later period, thereby promoting the pine over-fire forest land to gradually recover to a near-natural forest. The method does not need comprehensive cleaning and soil preparation of the burned land, and has the advantages of near-natural ecological restoration, simple and feasible scheme, low manufacturing cost, and high afforestation preservation rate and survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration, and in particular to a method for restoring artificial vegetation on a burnt area of ​​Pinus pumila. Background Art

[0002] The Greater Khingan Range is my country's largest cold-temperate coniferous forest area. Pinus pumila is primarily found in the remote mountainous areas of the northern Greater Khingan Range, exceeding 800 meters in elevation. It is the dominant and dominant species at the upper limit of the forest distribution in this region. It is also scattered in the Lesser Khingan Range, Zhangguangcai Mountains, and Changbai Mountain, and is widely distributed in the mountainous regions of East and West Siberia in Russia, where it has important ecological functions and economic value. The crisscrossing root system of Pinus pumila firmly anchors the soil, reducing soil erosion and providing a habitat for wildlife such as sables and gray squirrels. Pinus pumila seeds are highly nutritious; 100g of pine nuts contain approximately 13.4g of protein, 70.6g of fat, 2.2g of carbohydrates, and 10μg of carotene. Natural Pinus pumila forests yield 55-68kg of pine nuts per hectare, currently selling for 40-60 yuan per kilogram, making them highly economically and nutritionally valuable.

[0003] Fire is the main factor causing the degradation of Pinus pumila forest ecosystems. The trunks, needles, bark and other tissues of Pinus pumila have high oil content. Once a fire occurs, the burning intensity is high and the duration is long. In addition, Pinus pumila is distributed in habitats with high altitudes and steep terrain. Due to strong winds and dry climate, the moisture content of the combustible materials under the forest is low, making it a frequent area for forest lightning fires. Moreover, because Pinus pumila grows in high-altitude and thin-soil areas, the lack of seed banks and poor post-fire site conditions result in a lower survival rate of regeneration seedlings than other tree species, making natural recovery difficult. With the increasing frequency of fire disturbance, the distribution area of ​​Pinus pumila in Daxinganling is gradually shrinking. If artificial restoration is not carried out scientifically and effectively, it will cause reverse succession, causing the forest to lose its original ecological service function, and the stability of the local Pinus pumila population will face a great threat. At present, artificial afforestation in burned areas of Pinus pumila is difficult and costly. The research and development of targeted post-fire restoration technologies plays an extremely important role in promoting the economic development of the Greater Khingan Range forest area and maintaining the ecological security of cold-temperate forestry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0005] In order to solve the problem of difficulty and high cost of artificial afforestation in burned areas due to poor growth conditions and post-fire site conditions of Pinus pumila and the lack of seed banks.

[0006] The present invention is to solve the above technical problems using the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for restoring artificial vegetation on burned areas of Pinus tabebuia, which specifically comprises:

[0008] S1, container seedling preparation, select 3-5 years old and healthy growing seedling seedling to change soil and bed, select nursery soil, forest grass carbon soil, carbonized wood sawdust after burning and mature base fertilizer as the substrate after changing soil and bed of yanchi pine seedlings, cover snow in winter of the same year, obtain container seedlings after greenhouse cultivation and bare land seedling raising in spring of the next year;

[0009] S2, site selection and positioning, without setting fixed plant spacing, selecting the south of the surviving wood tree crown, low-lying place and stable stand and fallen wood to plant nearby to form a buffer microenvironment, simulating the natural regeneration state of natural forest after fire;

[0010] S3, local land preparation and hole digging, only the surrounding 1m of the selected planting point is land prepared, the upper layer of dense shrubs is cleaned, the moss and humus on the ground is broken and the litter layer is exposed, and the local land preparation is completed; according to the thickness of the soil layer, the hole is dug, the weeds, roots and stones in the planting hole are cleaned, and the hole is dug;

[0011] S4, soil mixing and planting, the black carbon debris crushed on the spot of the fire trace and the turned over soil are uniformly mixed, the container seedlings obtained in S1 are placed in the center of the planting hole, the roots of the container seedlings are stretched, the soil is backfilled and tamped, and the afforestation water retaining agent is covered on the surface of the planting hole;

[0012] S5, later tending, tending twice in the first year of afforestation, twice in the second year, once in the third year, tending mainly removes shrubs and weeds affecting the growth of seedlings; the afforestation land is regularly tending and pest control and management.

[0013] Further, in S1, the carbonized wood sawdust in the substrate is 10% of the total mass of the substrate, and the mature base fertilizer in the substrate is 5% of the total mass of the substrate.

[0014] Further, after the soil and bed change in the next spring, the nursery water retaining agent is placed at the bottom of the planting hole.

[0015] Further, in S2, the principle of site selection and positioning is to avoid afforestation in the open area directly under the sun, and to avoid planting yanchi pine seedlings under the canopy with a canopy density of >80%.

[0016] Further, if the planting density is insufficient, the fallen wood is cut into 40cm-50cm high wood segments and buried 5cm-10cm deep underground without effective shelter to form artificial shelter.

[0017] Further, in S4, the afforestation water retaining agent has a mass of 5%-10% of the total mass of the backfilled soil.

[0018] Further, in S1, the height of the seedling is greater than or equal to 10 cm, and the ground diameter is greater than or equal to 0.4 cm.

[0019] Further, in S3, the hole diameter is not less than 25 cm, and the depth is not less than 15 cm.

[0020] Further, the nursery water-retaining agent is charcoal powder left by fire-burned land, which is crushed to 3-5 mm charcoal particles; and the afforestation water-retaining agent is black charcoal debris crushed nearby. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Actual operation for partial land preparation and hole digging in step S3 in the present application Figure One ;

[0022] Figure 2 Actual operation for partial land preparation and hole digging in step S3 in the present application Figure Two ;

[0023] Figure 3 Flow chart of the artificial vegetation restoration method of the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica fire-burned land in the present application.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present application is a restoration method of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica fire-burned land, which is based on the principle of adapting to local conditions and taking materials locally, and utilizes the raw materials and micro-landform characteristics of the fire-burned land, reduces the further damage to the disturbed ecosystem, and promotes the gradual restoration of the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica fire-burned land to near-natural forest through container seedling cultivation, hole digging in shady places, black charcoal hole building, wood chip covering, and later seedling nurturing and management in different fire intensity Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica fire-burned land.

[0026] The present application can form obvious shading effect on the seedlings in the early stage of fire-burned land restoration, fully utilize the environment of the fire-burned land, and make the seedlings in a more suitable shady and humid microhabitat; the mixing of black charcoal can increase the water-holding capacity and aeration of the substrate, increase the adsorption and exchange capacity of the soil to nutrients and fertilizers, thereby delaying the release of fertilizer nutrients, reducing the loss of soil nutrient leaching, improving the utilization rate of soil nutrients, and the black charcoal can be taken locally, which is convenient to operate and reduces economic investment; the covering of wood chips can reduce the water and soil loss after fire and reduce the high temperature caused by direct sunlight, and these measures can improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

[0027] Although the direct economic benefit of the burned trace of Pinus pumila is not high in the early stage of recovery, the forest will bring very high economic benefit after reaching the peak of fruit setting; through calculation, only the collection of cones can realize the output value of 4000 yuan / hm2 per year; compared with the traditional method, the invention can reduce 330 yuan / mu in forest cleaning in the burned trace, the nursery water retaining agent and the afforestation water retaining agent can be locally sourced, which reduces the cost of forest cleaning and effectively utilizes the forest cleaning garbage, plays the role of waste recycling; at the same time, according to the actual forest land situation after the forest land is burned, planting can better simulate natural regeneration, and has the effect of respecting nature for the recovery of Pinus pumila forest land.

[0028] The burned trace can destroy the natural beauty of the forest, reduce the connectivity of the landscape and increase the fragmentation, and seriously affect the ecological tourism industry and the experience of the ecological civilization of the masses; therefore, the popularization and application of the method can drive the development of related collection, processing and other industries, promote local flexible employment, improve the income of forestry workers, and has high social benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0030] Specific implementation scheme one: the present application provides a method for artificial vegetation recovery of Pinus pumila burned trace, which specifically comprises:

[0031] 1. Container seedling preparation

[0032] Select 3-5 year old, seedling height ≥10 cm, ground diameter ≥0.4 cm, and healthy growth of Pinus pumila seedlings for soil and bed replacement, select nursery original soil + forest grass charcoal soil + carbonized wood sawdust + decomposed base fertilizer as the substrate, wherein the nursery original soil and the forest grass charcoal soil are in any ratio according to the actual situation, on this basis, add 10% sawdust and 5% decomposed base fertilizer, add fungicides and insecticides in the mixed substrate to make container seedlings, cover snow in winter of the same year, and after greenhouse cultivation and bare land seedling raising in the next spring, place 0.5g of nursery water retaining agent (charcoal particles, particle diameter is 3mm-5mm) at the bottom of the planting hole, the degradable seedling cup has a diameter of 1.5cm and a depth of 8cm, so as to avoid water stress caused by the fact that the roots of the seedlings are not closely attached to the soil;

[0033] 2. Point positioning

[0034] The general principle is to avoid afforestation in open areas directly exposed to sunlight, and not to set fixed plant row spacing, but to select a nearby location with a south-facing buffer microenvironment formed by surviving trees, low-lying areas, and tree stumps, stable poles, and fallen trees after a fire to reduce the photoinhibition and soil water loss caused by exposure to sunlight and strong winds after planting, as well as the high ground temperature in summer due to the lack of shelter, while avoiding competition from neighboring pioneer tree species; the pioneer tree species refers to tree species that naturally regenerate and grow naturally in bare or non-forest land, generally having strong regeneration ability, strong competition adaptability, and drought and barren tolerance, and being a positive tree species;

[0035] At the same time, for the patches that are lightly burned, it is also necessary to avoid planting Pinus bungeana Zucc. seedlings under a forest with a canopy density of > 80%; it is also necessary to avoid planting Pinus bungeana Zucc. seedlings in shallow permafrost regions; the canopy density refers to the degree of tree canopy shading of the ground in a forest, reflecting the stand density;

[0036] If the planting density is not sufficient, fallen trees can be cut into 40 cm-50 cm high segments and buried 5 cm-10 cm deep underground to form artificial shelters, and planted nearby on the leeward side to supplement the density;

[0037] 3. Partial soil preparation and hole digging

[0038] Only the area within 1 m around the selected planting point is prepared, the upper dense shrubs are cleaned up, the moss and humus on the ground surface are broken, and the raw soil is exposed;

[0039] According to the thickness of the soil layer, holes are dug with a pickaxe and a spade, the hole diameter is not less than 25 cm, and the depth is not less than 15 cm, which is determined by the root of the container seedling, and the weeds, root systems, and stones in the planting hole are cleaned up;

[0040] 4. Soil mixing and planting

[0041] The afforestation water-retaining agent (black charcoal debris crushed nearby) on the fire-burned land is uniformly mixed with the turned raw soil, and the mass of the black charcoal debris is 5%-10% of the total mass of the backfill soil; the roots of the seedlings and the soil are ensured to be moist, the seedlings are placed in the center of the planting hole, the roots of the container seedlings are kept stretched, the backfill soil is tamped, and the carbonized dead wood chips crushed nearby are covered on the surface of the planting hole.

[0042] 5. Post-planting care

[0043] The seedlings are cared for twice in the first year, twice in the second year, and once in the third year, and the care mainly removes shrubs and weeds that affect the growth of the seedlings; the afforestation land is regularly managed according to the regulations for disease and pest control and rodent control.

[0044] Embodiment

[0045] ① Afforestation site selection

[0046] Select 10 mu of poor site conditions and difficult natural regeneration of Pinus pumila fire-burnt plots, and set different afforestation densities according to the differences in fire intensity. Among them, the density of severely burned patches is 160 plants per mu; the density of moderately burned patches is 100 plants per mu; and the density of lightly burned patches is 70 plants per mu.

[0047] ②Container seedling breeding

[0048] Select 3-5 year old, healthy seedlings with a height of ≥10 cm and a ground diameter of ≥0.4 cm from the same batch of Pinus pumila superior tree seeds. Prepare the substrate by mixing nursery soil, brown needle leaf forest soil, sawdust, and decomposed base fertilizer in a ratio of 5:5:1:0.5, and adding fungicides and insecticides to make container seedlings. In the following spring, after greenhouse cultivation and bare ground acclimation, place 0.5 g of charcoal granules at the bottom of the planting hole.

[0049] ③Land preparation and afforestation methods

[0050] Afforestation is carried out in the spring on Pinus pumila fire-burnt plots. The general principle is to avoid afforestation in areas with direct sunlight and to choose nearby planting sites in the lee of surviving trees, stumps, stable poles, and fallen trees. In the absence of effective shelter, use a chainsaw to cut fallen trees into 50 cm high segments and bury them 5-10 cm deep underground to form artificial shelters. Afforestation is carried out in the lee of the wind. For lightly burned patches, it is also necessary to avoid planting Pinus pumila seedlings in areas with a canopy density of >80%. Clear the area of dense shrubs, remove the grass, break up the soil, and remove stones, roots, and other debris. Mix the soil with black charcoal and backfill it, then compact it and cover it with wood chips.

[0051] ④Nursery management

[0052] Nursery management is carried out twice in the first year, twice in the second year, and once in the third year. The main purpose of nursery management is to remove shrubs and weeds that affect seedling growth. Regularly follow the procedures for nursery management, pest and disease control, and rodent control.

[0053] In September 2024, a Pinus pumila germplasm resource ex situ bank was established in the Hu Zhong Forestry Bureau of Daxing'anling. Ten mu of Pinus pumila forest patches with different fire intensities were used to demonstrate restoration techniques. Using the above methods, artificial vegetation was restored. According to statistics, the overwintering survival rate of Pinus pumila was higher than 85% in May 2025.

[0054] In combination with Table 1 shown below, the present application has a significant cost reduction in economic benefits compared with the original fire trace land clearing afforestation. The present method can reduce 330 yuan per mu of clearing cost compared with the traditional fire trace land clearing afforestation. In addition, from the aspect of afforestation water retaining agent, the present method uses local materials, and charcoal after fire is crushed in the nursery to replace the original water retaining agent. There is basically no cost from the aspect of raw materials. Only in the fire trace land clearing, charcoal is transported to the nursery and crushed, and the transportation cost and labor cost are 500-1000 yuan / ton. In the process of fire trace land transplanting afforestation, the charcoal is crushed on site by machine or manually, and there is no cost from the aspect of water retaining agent.

[0055] From the aspect of ecological benefits, the present method uses local materials, reduces the cost of clearing, and effectively uses the clearing waste, which plays a role of waste recycling. At the same time, according to the actual forest land condition after fire, the present method can better simulate natural regeneration, and has the effect of "respecting nature and protecting nature" for the Pinus tabulaeformis forest land restoration.

[0056] Table 1 Economic cost comparison table

[0057]

[0058] Although the present application is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. The person skilled in the art of the present application can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for restoring artificial vegetation on burned areas of Pinus pumila, characterized in that: Specifically include: S1. Preparation of container seedlings: Select 3-5 year old, healthy seedlings of Pinus paulowniae for soil and bed replacement. Nursery soil, forest peat soil, carbonized wood sawdust after fire, and decomposed basal fertilizer are used as the substrate for soil and bed replacement. Cover with snow in the winter of the same year. After greenhouse cultivation and hardening in bare fields in the spring of the following year, container seedlings are obtained. S2. Site selection: No fixed spacing is set for planting. Instead, trees are planted under the crowns of surviving trees, in low-lying areas, near stumps, stable standing poles, and fallen trees facing south to create a buffer microenvironment, simulating the natural regeneration of natural forests after fire. S3. Local land preparation and hole digging: Only prepare the land within 1 meter of the selected planting site. Clear the dense upper shrubbery, break up the moss and humus on the surface, and turn up the forest bedding layer to expose the raw soil. Complete local land preparation. Dig holes according to the thickness of the soil layer, so that the roots of the container seedlings are not trapped. After clearing the planting hole of weeds, roots, and stones, complete the digging. S4, soil mixing and planting: Use the charcoal debris crushed on the burn site and the turned-over raw soil to mix evenly, place the container seedling obtained in S1 in the center of the planting hole, keep the container seedling root system stretched, mix the soil backfill and compact it, and cover the surface of the planting hole with afforestation water retention agent; S5. Late tending: Tending should be carried out twice in the first year of afforestation, twice in the second year, and once in the third year. Tending mainly involves removing shrubs and weeds that affect the growth of seedlings; tending and pest and disease control and management should be carried out regularly on the afforestation land.

2. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the carbonized wood sawdust after burning in the matrix accounts for 10% of the total mass of the matrix, and the decomposed base fertilizer in the matrix accounts for 5% of the total mass of the matrix.

3. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 2, characterized in that: After cultivation in the spring of the following year after changing the soil and bed, place the nursery water retaining agent at the bottom of the seedling planting hole.

4. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S2, the principle of site selection was to avoid afforestation in open areas with direct sunlight and to avoid planting Pinus pumila seedlings under forests with a canopy density >80%.

5. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 4, characterized in that: If the planting density is insufficient and there is no effective shelter, use a chainsaw to cut the fallen trees into 40cm-50cm high sections and bury them 5cm-10cm deep underground to form an artificial shelter.

6. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, the mass of the afforestation water-retaining agent is 5%-10% of the total mass of the backfill soil.

7. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S1, the seedling height of the Pinus pumila seedling is ≥10 cm and the ground diameter is ≥0.4 cm.

8. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S3, the hole diameter is not less than 25 cm and the depth is not less than 15 cm.

9. The method for artificial vegetation restoration of a burned area of ​​Pinus pumila according to claim 8, characterized in that: The nursery water-retaining agent is charcoal particles of 3mm-5mm obtained by crushing charcoal left in a burned area; and the afforestation water-retaining agent is black charcoal debris crushed nearby.

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