Energy storage multilayer intelligent fire early warning system based on battery module signal acquisition

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage multilayer intelligent fire early warning system based on battery module signal acquisition, and the system achieves the module-level multi-parameter real-time monitoring through integrating VOC, combustible gas, temperature and smoke sensors in a battery module. A multi-stage monitoring network is constructed by combining a container-level smoke-sensing / temperature-sensing detector and video monitoring; based on combined judgment of the threshold value and the rising speed, a third-level early warning strategy (first-level reporting, second-level manual fire extinguishing and third-level automatic fire extinguishing) is executed; after fire extinguishing, parameters are continuously monitored, secondary injection is automatically triggered, and after-combustion is effectively restrained. The problems of response delay (more than 20 seconds), module monitoring deficiency and high reburning rate in the prior art are solved, and thermal runaway second-level (less than or equal to 1 second) response and accurate prevention and control are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage safety, in particular to a multi-layer intelligent fire warning system for energy storage based on battery module signal acquisition. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of renewable energy and smart grid, lithium-ion battery energy storage systems play an increasingly important role in the power system. They are widely used in various fields such as user side, grid side, power generation side, new energy grid connection and microgrid, providing strong support for stable operation of power system, energy optimization and emergency response.

[0003] Although lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, high charging efficiency and long service life, they may experience thermal runaway during charging and discharging due to chemical reactions or external influences, leading to battery fire or explosion. In recent years, lithium-ion battery fire accidents in energy storage power stations have occurred frequently, attracting attention and concern about the characteristics and prevention technology of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway. In this context, the research of electrochemical energy storage fire warning system is particularly important.

[0004] Problems existing in the existing electrochemical energy storage fire warning system:

[0005] 1. Insufficient response time: The response time and linkage time of traditional fire detection systems are relatively long, usually taking 23 seconds, while the time from alarm to linkage of thermal runaway fire of energy storage lithium batteries may only take 5 seconds, and the existing system is difficult to meet the demand of rapid response.

[0006] 2. Unable to monitor at battery module level: Due to the complexity of the battery module, the current fire warning system is difficult to fully penetrate into the interior of the battery module. Therefore, when thermal runaway occurs inside the battery, the system may not be able to detect the risk in time. When the detector finally monitors the fire alarm signal, the fire may have spread, and the damage to the battery may be more serious, and the fire extinguishing efficiency will be greatly reduced.

[0007] 3. Low system integration and intelligence level: The existing warning system has deficiencies in integration and intelligence, lacks comprehensive monitoring and intelligent analysis capabilities, and cannot fully grasp the operation state of the energy storage system and timely detect abnormal conditions.

[0008] 4. Unable to effectively deal with secondary rekindling: During the thermal runaway process of the battery, the battery will release a large amount of heat, which is caused by the uncontrolled chemical reaction inside the battery. This heat release is extremely rapid and the temperature generated is extremely high. The current fire extinguishing system mainly tries to reduce the temperature of the battery pack and extinguish the fire source by spraying fire extinguishing medium. However, due to the complex structure inside the battery and the limitations of the current fire extinguishing technology, the fire extinguishing medium often has difficulty penetrating into the interior of the battery module. Even if the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed on the battery pack and the fire seems to be under control, the temperature inside the battery pack can still remain at a high level. This high temperature environment still has the risk of causing secondary rekindling, because there can still be enough energy and flammable substances inside the battery after thermal runaway to cause a fire again. SUMMARY

[0009] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present application is to propose a multi-layer intelligent fire warning system for energy storage based on battery module signal acquisition, which can quickly and effectively detect the thermal accident hazard and thermal runaway state of the battery through a multi-level fire extinguishing fire warning system and a hierarchical warning strategy, quickly start fire fighting measures, and more accurately detect the thermal accident hazard and thermal runaway state of the battery and quickly start the corresponding fire fighting measures, thereby effectively reducing the risk brought by battery thermal runaway. At the same time, this strategy can also avoid unnecessary fire fighting measures from being started, saving resources.

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a multi-layer intelligent fire warning system for energy storage based on battery module signal acquisition, comprising:

[0011] a. Multi-level fire monitoring unit: composed of battery module level monitoring subunit and container level monitoring subunit;

[0012] b. Hierarchical warning control unit: dynamically triggers a three-level warning strategy based on monitoring parameters;

[0013] c. Rekindling prevention unit: continuously monitors parameters after extinguishing and automatically triggers secondary injection;

[0014] The battery module level monitoring subunit comprises:

[0015] The multi-parameter monitoring module integrated in each battery module includes VOC, flammable gas, temperature and smoke sensors;

[0016] The BMS management unit connected to the battery monomer collects temperature and voltage data in real time;

[0017] The container level monitoring subunit comprises:

[0018] Distributed deployment of smoke fire detectors, temperature fire detectors and remote video monitoring;

[0019] The hierarchical early warning control unit executes:

[0020] Primary early warning: when the VOC concentration exceeds the threshold value or a single detector alarms, upload the alarm information;

[0021] Secondary early warning: when the VOC and CO concentrations simultaneously exceed the threshold value, start the manual fire extinguishing authority;

[0022] Tertiary early warning: when the temperature, VOC, and CO all exceed the threshold value, or ≥2 detectors in the same area alarm, automatically start the fire extinguishing system.

[0023] Preferably, the multi-parameter monitoring module is directly embedded in the battery module, and the monitoring data response time is ≤1 second.

[0024] Preferably, the triggering conditions of the tertiary early warning include:

[0025] Temperature threshold T≥45℃ and temperature rise rate ΔT1℃ / s;

[0026] CO concentration threshold 190×10 -6 (volume fraction).

[0027] Preferably, the afterburning prevention unit continuously monitors the temperature and gas parameters after fire extinguishing, and automatically restarts the fire extinguishing agent injection if abnormality is detected.

[0028] Preferably, the container level monitoring subunit includes:

[0029] At least 3 smoke detectors and 3 heat detectors;

[0030] At least 2 cameras connected to the emergency start-stop switch.

[0031] The advantages of the present application compared with the prior art are:

[0032] 1. Fast response time: The response time and linkage time of traditional fire detection systems are relatively long, usually requiring 23 seconds, while the time from alarm to linkage of thermal runaway fire of energy storage lithium batteries may only be 5 seconds, and the signal acquisition of the multi-layer intelligent fire warning system of the energy storage battery module from detecting abnormal conditions to issuing an alarm only takes 0.5-1 second.

[0033] 2. Multi-parameter battery module level monitoring: Due to the complexity of the battery module, current fire warning systems cannot fully penetrate the interior of the battery module. By setting multi-parameter monitoring devices at the battery module level, the thermal accident hazards and thermal runaway state of the battery can be detected more accurately, thereby effectively reducing the risks brought by battery thermal runaway.

[0034] 3. High system integration and intelligence: Through a multi-level fire warning system and a graded warning strategy, comprehensive multi-parameter monitoring and intelligent analysis are achieved, fully understanding the operating status of the energy storage system and enabling rapid and accurate fault location. If thermal runaway occurs within the battery, action is taken within seconds to eliminate the risk of thermal runaway immediately.

[0035] 4. Effectively respond to secondary reignition of batteries: By extending the sensor layout to the battery module level and adding continuous monitoring and reignition prevention mechanisms to the fire protection system, after the fire protection system stops spraying the medium, the system can continue to monitor the battery temperature and other parameters. If any abnormality is found, the spray mechanism can be triggered again to ensure that the battery does not reignite. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fire protection principle of the electrochemical energy storage system of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 2 This is a layout diagram of the container fire warning system of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 3 This is the battery module level fire warning system arrangement of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0041] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Combine Figs. 1-3 The present invention provides an energy storage multi-layer intelligent fire warning system based on battery module signal acquisition, comprising:

[0043] 1. Multi-level fire warning system:

[0044] The multi-level fire warning system monitors the battery in the whole cycle and continuously from the battery module level and the container level, ensures the complete monitoring of the battery working condition, realizes the rapid identification and early warning of the fire, and timely intervenes in the fire-fighting measures.

[0045] (1) BMS temperature and voltage (battery module level). The battery module is configured with a battery management unit, which collects the temperature and voltage data of the battery monomer in real time and uploads them to the upper control system. Based on the battery temperature and temperature rise rate data, it is determined whether the battery is on fire, and real-time communication is carried out with the fire control system.

[0046] (2) Multi-parameter monitoring module (battery module level). A multi-parameter monitoring module is configured in each battery module. The monitoring module integrates VOC, flammable gas, temperature, and smoke sensors with high sensitivity. By detecting the VOC, flammable gas, temperature, and smoke parameters of the battery module, real-time detection of battery thermal runaway is realized, early warning is given, the fire extinguishing system intervenes in time, and thermal spread is effectively avoided.

[0047] (3) Smoke fire detector (container level). A smoke fire detector is installed in the container battery room to determine the fire state of the battery by detecting the smoke volume fraction.

[0048] (4) Temperature fire detector (container level). A temperature fire detector is installed in the container battery room to determine whether a fire has occurred in the battery room by detecting the temperature at the top of the container.

[0049] (5) Remote video monitoring (container level). A camera is installed in each container to facilitate remote monitoring by staff. Once a fire is detected, the fire extinguishing system can be started through the emergency start-stop switch.

[0050] 2. Hierarchical warning control strategy

[0051] The fire warning system monitors the VOC, CO, temperature, smoke, and other parameters in the container in real time, makes a joint judgment on the battery thermal runaway and fire condition based on the set threshold and rise rate, and avoids system false positives and false negatives.

[0052] To prevent the fire extinguishing system from being mistakenly started, a hierarchical warning control strategy is adopted. The gas fire extinguishing controller executes different linkage control strategies according to different levels of warning information.

[0053] (1) When the detector or other equipment fails, the gas fire extinguishing controller displays the fault equipment information and uploads it to the SBMS, reminding the staff to promptly troubleshoot the fault.

[0054] (2) Monitor various environmental parameters inside the module. When the VOC volume fraction exceeds the set threshold or a single temperature / smoke detector alarm is triggered, a first-level warning is triggered. The gas fire control controller displays the alarm information and uploads the SBMS, reminding the staff to promptly investigate the fault and prevent accidents.

[0055] (3) When the VOC and CO volume fractions both exceed the set threshold, a second-level warning is triggered. The gas fire control controller displays the alarm information and corresponding device location, and uploads the SBMS, reminding the staff to start the fire extinguishing system according to the specific situation on site.

[0056] When the VOC, CO volume fraction, and temperature all exceed the set threshold, or the battery thermal diffusion causes two or more smoke or temperature alarms in the same area, a third-level warning is triggered. The fire control host locates the fire according to the alarm information, automatically starts the fire extinguishing system, and sprays extinguishing agent according to the pre-programmed strategy for the thermal runaway area or the entire protection unit. The staff can also determine whether a fire has occurred based on remote video monitoring and manually start the fire extinguishing system.

[0057] Through the multi-level fire extinguishing fire warning system and the grading warning strategy, the thermal accident hazard and thermal runaway state of the battery can be quickly and effectively detected, and the corresponding fire extinguishing measures can be quickly started, so that the risk caused by the battery thermal runaway can be effectively reduced. At the same time, this strategy can also avoid unnecessary fire extinguishing measures, save resources, and the principle diagram of the electrochemical energy storage fire extinguishing system is as shown in Fig. 1 .

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application, an example is provided as follows:

[0059] 1. Multi-level fire warning system:

[0060] The multi-level fire warning system continuously monitors the battery from the battery module level and the container level throughout the entire cycle, ensuring complete monitoring of the battery operating conditions, achieving rapid identification and early warning of fire, and timely intervention of fire extinguishing measures.

[0061] Next, taking a container-type electrochemical energy storage system as an example, the design of the fire warning system is described. The container is divided into a battery room and an electrical room, and the PCS and the AC bus cabinet are placed in the electrical room. The battery room contains 5 sets of battery clusters and 1 industrial air conditioner. The effective temperature and humidity of the battery cells and key components inside the energy storage system are controlled by using the air conditioner and reasonable air duct design, as well as the fan + air duct optimization design inside each battery cluster, to ensure that the energy storage system operates within the appropriate temperature range. The equipment arrangement is shown in detail in Fig. 2 , Fig. 3 , and the specific steps are as follows:

[0062] (1) BMS temperature and voltage (battery module level). The battery module is configured with a battery management unit that collects real-time temperature and voltage data of the battery cells and uploads them to the upper control system. Based on the battery temperature and temperature rise rate data, it determines whether a fire has occurred in the battery and communicates with the fire control system in real time.

[0063] (2) Multi-parameter monitoring module (battery module level). Each battery module is equipped with a set of multi-parameter monitoring module, which integrates VOC, flammable gas, temperature, smoke and other high-sensitivity sensors. Through the detection of VOC, flammable gas, temperature, smoke parameters of the battery module, real-time detection of battery thermal runaway is realized, early warning is given, and the fire extinguishing system intervenes in time to effectively prevent the spread of heat.

[0064] (3) Smoke fire detector (container level). Three smoke fire detectors are installed in the container battery room to determine the fire state of the battery by detecting the smoke volume fraction.

[0065] (4) Temperature fire detector (container level). Three temperature fire detectors are installed in the container battery room to determine whether a fire has occurred in the battery room by detecting the temperature at the top of the container.

[0066] (5) Remote video monitoring (container level). Two cameras are installed in each container to facilitate remote monitoring by staff. Once a fire is detected, the fire extinguishing system can be activated through the emergency start-stop switch.

[0067] 2. Hierarchical early warning control strategy

[0068] Taking the container-type electrochemical energy storage system as an example, the fire warning system monitors the VOC, CO, temperature, smoke and other parameters in the container in real time, and makes a joint judgment on the battery thermal runaway and fire condition based on the set threshold and rising rate to avoid false positives and false negatives.

[0069] To prevent the fire extinguishing system from being mistakenly activated, a hierarchical early warning control strategy is adopted. The gas fire extinguishing controller executes different linkage control strategies according to different levels of warning information, as shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Hierarchical alarm

[0071]

[0072] (1) When the detector or other equipment fails, the gas fire extinguishing controller displays the fault equipment information and uploads it to the SBMS to remind the staff to promptly troubleshoot the fault.

[0073] (2) Monitor various environmental parameters inside the module. When the VOC volume fraction exceeds the set threshold or a single temperature / smoke detector alarms, trigger a first-level warning. The gas fire control controller displays the alarm information and uploads the SBMS, reminding the staff to promptly troubleshoot the fault and prevent accidents.

[0074] (3) When the VOC and CO volume fractions both exceed the set threshold, trigger a second-level warning. The gas fire control controller displays the alarm information and corresponding device location, and uploads the SBMS, reminding the staff to start the fire extinguishing system according to the specific situation on site.

[0075] (4) When the VOC, CO volume fractions, and temperature all exceed the set threshold, or battery thermal diffusion causes two or more smoke or temperature alarms in the same area, trigger a third-level warning. The fire control host locates the fire based on the alarm information, automatically starts the fire extinguishing system, and sprays extinguishing agent according to the pre-programmed strategy for the thermal runaway area or the entire protection unit. The staff can also determine whether a fire has occurred based on remote video monitoring and manually start the fire extinguishing system.

[0076] In summary, based on the container-type electrochemical energy storage system, a multi-level fire warning system and grading warning strategy based on VOC, flammable gas, temperature, and smoke are proposed to achieve early warning and early intervention of fire-fighting facilities. Considering the characteristics of battery fire recurrence, a continuous monitoring and recurrence prevention mechanism is added to the traditional fire extinguishing system. After the fire extinguishing system stops spraying the medium, the system can continue to monitor the temperature and other parameters of the battery. If an abnormality is found, the spraying mechanism can be triggered again to ensure that the battery does not experience secondary recurrence.

[0077] In summary, the core invention of the present application is:

[0078] 1. Module-level permeable monitoring: Integrate multi-parameter sensors (VOC / gas / temperature / smoke) inside each battery module to achieve early second-level detection (≤1 second) of thermal runaway.

[0079] 2. Three-level dynamic warning strategy: Based on parameter threshold and rising rate joint criterion (such as CO>190ppm+ temperature rise>1℃ / s), trigger a grading warning-handheld fire extinguishing-automatic fire extinguishing process.

[0080] 3. Anti-recurrence mechanism: Continuously monitor parameters after extinguishing, and automatically restart spraying when an abnormality is found.

[0081] The core technical effect is:

[0082] 1. Response speed improved by 46 times (23 seconds→0.5 seconds);

[0083] 2. Module-level monitoring positioning accuracy improved by 80%;

[0084] 3. The incidence of secondary combustion is reduced to <1%.

[0085] The above describes the present application and its embodiments, which are not restrictive, and the drawings only show one of the embodiments of the present application, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In general, if a person skilled in the art is inspired thereby, without departing from the purpose of the present application, without creative design, similar structure and embodiments to the technical solution, which should belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-layer intelligent fire warning system with energy storage based on battery module signal acquisition, characterized by: include: a. Multi-level fire monitoring unit: consists of a battery module-level monitoring sub-unit and a container-level monitoring sub-unit; b. Hierarchical warning control unit: dynamically triggers three-level warning strategies based on monitoring parameters; c. Reignition prevention unit: continuously monitors parameters after fire extinguishing and automatically triggers secondary injection; The battery module-level monitoring subunit includes: The multi-parameter monitoring module integrated into each battery module includes: VOC, combustible gas, temperature and smoke sensors; The BMS management unit connected to the battery cell collects temperature and voltage data in real time; The container-level monitoring subunit includes: Distributed smoke detectors, heat detectors and remote video surveillance; The hierarchical warning control unit performs: Level 1 warning: When the VOC concentration exceeds the threshold or a single detector alarm occurs, the alarm information will be uploaded; Level 2 warning: When the VOC and CO concentrations exceed the threshold at the same time, the manual fire extinguishing authority is activated; Level 3 warning: When the temperature, VOC, and CO all exceed the threshold, or ≥2 detectors in the same area alarm, the fire extinguishing system will be automatically activated.

2. The energy storage multi-layer intelligent fire warning system based on battery module signal acquisition according to claim 1 is characterized by: The multi-parameter monitoring module is directly embedded in the battery module, and the monitoring data response time is ≤ 1 second.

3. The energy storage multi-layer intelligent fire warning system based on battery module signal acquisition according to claim 1 is characterized by: The triggering conditions for the three-level warning include: Temperature threshold T≥45℃ and temperature rise rate ΔT1℃ / s; CO concentration threshold 190×10 -6 (volume fraction).

4. The energy storage multi-layer intelligent fire warning system based on battery module signal acquisition according to claim 1 is characterized by: The re-ignition prevention unit continuously monitors temperature and gas parameters after extinguishing the fire, and automatically restarts the injection of the fire extinguishing agent if an anomaly is detected.

5. The energy storage multi-layer intelligent fire warning system based on battery module signal acquisition according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The container-level monitoring subunit includes: At least 3 smoke detectors and 3 heat detectors; At least 2 cameras, connected to emergency start and stop switches.

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