Adjustable multispectral mouse trachea cannula positioner

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of experimental animal operation auxiliary equipment, in particular to an adjustable multispectral mouse trachea cannula positioner which comprises a handheld main control unit, an optical fiber catheter and optical component system, a snakelike positioning support assembly, an imaging and spectral analysis module and a multi-mode feedback system. The handheld main control unit generates a light signal with adjustable wavelength, receives and processes imaging data and spectral data and generates a glottis state recognition result, the optical fiber catheter and optical component system guides the light signal to a mouse glottis area and collects a reflected light signal, and the S-shaped positioning support assembly supports the optical fiber catheter and optical component system and transmits the light signal to the mouse glottis area. And an adjustable bending angle and a locking mechanism are provided. The imaging and spectral analysis module collects image information and spectral reflection information of a glottis area, the multi-mode feedback system generates visual, auditory and tactile feedback signals based on a glottis state recognition result, and the glottis positioning accuracy is improved to 98% from about 72% of a traditional method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surgical aids for laboratory animals, and more particularly to an adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator. Background Technology

[0002] In basic medical and life science research, endotracheal intubation in mice is a common and important procedure used to maintain airway patency in anesthetized mice or to conduct various respiratory system-related studies. However, due to the unique anatomy of mice, with their narrow oral cavity and delicate, difficult-to-identify glottis, traditional endotracheal intubation procedures face many challenges.

[0003] Currently, two main methods are used for tracheal intubation in mice in the laboratory: one is to use a small animal surgical light to illuminate the intubation from the outside, relying on the operator's experience for blind intubation; the other is to use a mouse tracheal intubation laryngoscope that mimics a human laryngoscope and has a built-in light source. These existing technologies have significant shortcomings: the external illumination method has a low glottic localization accuracy (approximately 72%), a long average operation time (approximately 45 seconds), and a success rate that is highly dependent on the operator's experience; while the built-in light source laryngoscope improves the illumination problem, due to the extremely narrow oral cavity of mice, the built-in light source actually increases the size of the instrument, further restricting the operating space and hindering flexible operation.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies generally use single-wavelength white light illumination, which cannot selectively enhance the display of different tissues (such as cartilage and blood vessels), making tissue differentiation even more difficult, especially for tracheal calcification models such as those for diabetes. At the same time, existing technologies heavily rely on the operator's subjective visual judgment, lacking objective auxiliary identification methods, and thus requiring a high level of operator skill.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of locator specifically designed for tracheal intubation in mice, which can improve the accuracy of operation, shorten the operation time, and reduce the difficulty of operation, and is especially suitable for various mouse models, including pathological models with difficult dissection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide an adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator, which solves the technical problems of low accuracy, long operation time, and high operation difficulty in the existing mouse endotracheal intubation operation.

[0007] This invention discloses an adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator, characterized in that it comprises:

[0008] Handheld main control unit, used for:

[0009] Generates light signals with adjustable wavelengths;

[0010] Receive and process imaging and spectral data;

[0011] Generate glottal state recognition results;

[0012] The fiber optic guide and optical component system, connected to the handheld main control unit, is used for:

[0013] Receive the light signal generated by the handheld main control unit;

[0014] The light signal is directed to the glottis region of the mouse;

[0015] Collect reflected light signals from the glottic region;

[0016] The reflected light signal is transmitted to the handheld main control unit;

[0017] The serpentine positioning bracket assembly, connected to the fiber optic conduit and optical component system, is used for:

[0018] Supporting the fiber optic conduit and optical component system;

[0019] Offers an adjustable bending angle;

[0020] A locking mechanism is provided to lock the bending angle;

[0021] The imaging and spectral analysis module, connected to the fiber optic guide and optical component system and the handheld main control unit, is used for:

[0022] Acquire image information of the glottic region;

[0023] Collect spectral reflectance information of the glottic region;

[0024] The image information and the spectral reflectance information are transmitted to the handheld main control unit;

[0025] A multimodal feedback system, connected to the handheld main control unit, is used for:

[0026] Receive the glottis state recognition result;

[0027] Based on the glottal state recognition results, visual feedback signals, auditory feedback signals, and tactile feedback signals are generated.

[0028] Preferably, the handheld main control unit includes:

[0029] A multispectral LED light source array is used to generate light with a wavelength range of 470-600nm;

[0030] A wavelength adjustment knob, connected to the multispectral LED light source array, is used to adjust the wavelength of the light.

[0031] A microprocessor, connected to the multispectral LED light source array and the wavelength adjustment knob, is used to control the wavelength and intensity of the light.

[0032] An OLED display screen, connected to the microprocessor, is used to display the glottal state recognition result and system status information;

[0033] The power module is connected to the multispectral LED light source array, the microprocessor, and the OLED display screen to provide electrical energy.

[0034] Preferably, the fiber optic guide and optical component system includes:

[0035] An illumination fiber optic channel is used to transmit the light signal;

[0036] A signal return fiber optic channel is used to transmit the reflected light signal;

[0037] A magnetic lens compartment is connected to the light-emitting end of the illumination fiber optic channel and is used to hold filters or polarizers.

[0038] A microlens, disposed within the magnetically attached lens compartment, is used to focus the light signal into an elliptical spot.

[0039] Preferably, the magnetic lens compartment includes:

[0040] The lens casing has a circular structure.

[0041] Multiple pairs of neodymium iron boron magnets are disposed inside the lens housing to provide magnetic connection;

[0042] A lens recess is provided inside the lens housing for placing the filter or the polarizer;

[0043] The filters include a blue light filter, a yellow light filter, and a red light filter, corresponding to wavelengths of 470±10nm, 570±10nm, and 600±10nm, respectively.

[0044] Preferably, the serpentine positioning bracket assembly includes:

[0045] The metal skeleton is composed of multiple interconnected joints;

[0046] Medical-grade silicone tubing, covering the metal skeleton;

[0047] A locking knob, connected to the metal frame, is used to adjust the friction between the joints;

[0048] A central steel wire passes through the metal frame, with one end connected to the locking knob to transmit locking force;

[0049] A cable channel, disposed within the silicone tubing, is used to accommodate the fiber optic conduit, optical component system, and signal lines.

[0050] Preferably, the imaging and spectral analysis module includes:

[0051] A miniature CMOS image sensor with a pixel size of 4μm and a resolution of 640×480;

[0052] A miniature aspherical lens, connected to the miniature CMOS image sensor, has a focal length of 4mm;

[0053] A miniature spectrometer chip for analyzing spectral information in the wavelength range of 450-650nm;

[0054] A miniature grating, positioned in front of the miniature spectrometer chip, is used to decompose the reflected light signal into different wavelengths;

[0055] A miniature coaxial cable is connected to the miniature CMOS image sensor and the miniature spectrometer chip to transmit the image information and the spectral reflectance information.

[0056] Preferably, the multimodal feedback system includes:

[0057] The visual feedback unit includes an OLED display screen on the handheld main control unit, used to display glottal status and spectral curves;

[0058] The auditory feedback unit includes a piezoelectric buzzer for emitting alert tones at different frequencies;

[0059] The tactile feedback unit includes a miniature vibration motor for generating vibration intensity corresponding to the glottal state recognition result;

[0060] The auditory feedback unit has a sound frequency range of 1000-4000Hz, and the vibration intensity of the tactile feedback unit is adjustable in three levels.

[0061] Preferably, the microprocessor is used for:

[0062] Receive the image information and the spectral reflectance information;

[0063] Based on the image information, extract the morphological features of the glottis region;

[0064] Based on the spectral reflectance information, analyze the tissue reflectance spectral characteristics;

[0065] By combining the morphological features and the spectral features, the probability value of the glottal opening and closing state is calculated;

[0066] When the probability value exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the glottis is in an open state.

[0067] Preferably, the handheld main control unit is further used for:

[0068] Monitor the quality of the spectral reflectance information;

[0069] Based on the quality of the spectral reflectance information, the wavelength and intensity of the light signal are automatically adjusted;

[0070] Monitor changes in ambient light;

[0071] Based on the changes in ambient light, the exposure parameters of the imaging and spectral analysis module are adjusted.

[0072] Preferably, the fiber optic conduit in the fiber optic conduit and optical component system includes:

[0073] The lighting channel branch contains multiple parallel optical fibers used to disperse the light signal to both sides of the glottis;

[0074] The central signal return channel contains a single optical fiber for collecting the reflected light signal;

[0075] A medical-grade PVC protective sleeve covers the lighting channel branches and the central signal return channel, and can withstand high-temperature sterilization at 85°C.

[0076] The optical fiber of the illumination channel branch has an emission angle of 45° to avoid direct reflection from interfering with the imaging and spectral analysis module.

[0077] This invention achieves the following beneficial effects by integrating a multispectral illumination system, magnetically replaceable optical components, a flexible locking bracket, real-time spectral analysis technology, and a multimodal feedback system:

[0078] 1. Significantly improves intubation accuracy: Through multispectral selective tissue enhancement display and intelligent glottic status recognition technology, the accuracy of glottic localization is increased from approximately 72% using traditional methods to 98%;

[0079] 2. Significantly reduced operation time: With the help of precise optical imaging, stable stent positioning and intelligent auxiliary recognition, the intubation time is reduced from an average of 45 seconds to less than 8 seconds;

[0080] 3. Lower the technical barrier to operation: Employ multimodal feedback technology to provide operators with auditory, visual, and tactile guidance, reducing reliance on operator experience;

[0081] 4. Improved applicability: It is particularly suitable for difficult models such as tracheal calcification. It enhances the contrast between calcified tissue and normal tissue through specific wavelength spectrum, making it easier to distinguish. Attached Figure Description

[0082] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the handheld main control unit of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fiber optic guide tube and optical component system of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the magnetic lens compartment of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the serpentine positioning bracket assembly of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the imaging and spectral analysis module of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the multimodal feedback system of the present invention.

[0089] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the glottis recognition algorithm of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in use. Detailed Implementation

[0091] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] See Figure 1 The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator of the present invention mainly includes a handheld main control unit 1, an optical fiber conduit and optical component system 2, a serpentine positioning support assembly 3, an imaging and spectral analysis module 4, and a multimodal feedback system 5. The handheld main control unit 1 is connected to the serpentine positioning support assembly 3 via the optical fiber conduit and optical component system 2. The imaging and spectral analysis module 4 is located at the front end of the support and works in conjunction with the optical fiber system. The multimodal feedback system 5 is integrated within the handheld main control unit 1, providing the operator with feedback information through multiple sensory channels.

[0093] The entire device adopts a linear layout design, starting from the handheld main control unit 1 and extending to the working end inside the mouse's mouth via flexible optical fiber and a serpentine support. The total weight of the device is kept below 200g, making it easy to operate with one hand and reducing fatigue during prolonged use.

[0094] See Figure 2 The handheld main control unit 1 includes a multispectral LED light source array 11, a wavelength adjustment knob 12, a microprocessor 13, an OLED display screen 14, and a power module 15.

[0095] The multispectral LED light source array 11 is arranged in a ring and contains four high-brightness LED chips of different wavelengths: 470nm (blue), 520nm (green), 570nm (yellow), and 620nm (red), with four of each wavelength evenly distributed in a 12mm diameter ring. Each LED has a power of 0.5W, a luminous flux of no less than 40 lumens, and a lifespan exceeding 30,000 hours. This multi-wavelength combination design enables the device to generate a continuously adjustable spectrum in the wavelength range of 470-600nm, meeting the observation needs of different tissues. Preferably, the driving current range of each wavelength LED is 50-150mA, achieving 0-100% stepless dimming through PWM technology.

[0096] The wavelength adjustment knob 12 employs a digital knob encoder design, connected to the microprocessor 13, with a resolution of 256 levels, controlling the mixing ratio of LEDs of different wavelengths. In one embodiment of the invention, the 0° position of the knob corresponds to pure 470nm blue light, the 90° position corresponds to pure 520nm green light, the 180° position corresponds to pure 570nm yellow light, and the 270° position corresponds to pure 620nm red light. LEDs of adjacent wavelengths generate a continuous spectrum through a gradual mixing method, with a step accuracy of no more than 5nm. Furthermore, a three-segment brightness adjustment slider is provided next to the knob to control the overall brightness of the light source.

[0097] The microprocessor 13 uses an ARM Cortex-M4 core with a clock speed of 120MHz, 512KB of FLASH storage, and 128KB of RAM. The microprocessor 13 receives and processes imaging and spectral data, and controls the wavelength and intensity parameters of the multispectral LED light source array 11. In one embodiment of the invention, the microprocessor 13 integrates a 12-bit ADC with a sampling rate of 1MSPS for spectral data acquisition, and also has a hardware image acceleration unit to support basic image processing operations.

[0098] An OLED display 14, 20mm in diameter, is located at the top of the handheld unit and is used to display system status, glottal recognition results, and spectral information. Preferably, the display interface employs a high-contrast design to ensure clear visibility under various lighting conditions.

[0099] The power module 15 uses a 3.7V, 2000mAh rechargeable lithium battery, supports fast charging technology, and provides at least 8 hours of standard mode operating time. The power management IC provides multiple regulated outputs: 3.3V for digital circuits and 5V for light source driving. In addition, the device has a low battery protection mechanism that automatically reduces power consumption when the battery level drops below 15%.

[0100] See Figure 3 The fiber optic conduit and optical component system 2 includes an illumination fiber optic channel 21, a signal return fiber optic channel 22, a magnetic lens compartment 23, and a microlens 24.

[0101] Both the illumination fiber optic channel 21 and the signal return fiber optic channel 22 are made of medical-grade silica fiber, with core diameters of 200μm and 300μm, and cladding diameters of 250μm and 350μm, respectively. The illumination channel 21 contains seven parallel fibers for transmitting light generated by the light source; the signal return channel 22 is a single fiber used to collect reflected light signals. Preferably, the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber is 0.22 to ensure sufficient beam collection efficiency and bending adaptability. The fiber is covered with a medical-grade PVC protective sheath, which is bend-resistant and can withstand high-temperature sterilization at 85°C.

[0102] See Figure 4 The magnetic lens compartment 23 has a circular structure, 8mm in diameter and 5mm thick, and uses three pairs of neodymium iron boron magnets (2mm in diameter) to provide a stable and easy-to-disassemble connection. The lens compartment has recesses for placing filters or polarizers with a diameter of 7mm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, three different filters are provided: 470±10nm (blue light, enhancing cartilage visualization), 570±10nm (yellow light, enhancing glottic edge visualization), and 600±10nm (red light, enhancing vascular visualization). In addition, a polarizer is provided, using a cross-polarization configuration to effectively reduce reflective interference from wet surfaces.

[0103] A microlens 24, with a focal length of 8mm, is positioned at the front end of the lens chamber. It converges light into an elliptical spot with a 3:1 aspect ratio, which better conforms to the shape of the glottis and improves illumination efficiency. In one embodiment of the invention, the lens employs an aspherical design to reduce optical distortion and ensure image quality.

[0104] See Figure 5 The serpentine positioning bracket assembly 3 includes a metal frame 31, a medical-grade silicone tube 32, a locking knob 33, a central through-wire 34, and a cable channel 35.

[0105] The metal skeleton 31 is 120mm long and consists of 12 interconnected stainless steel joints, each 10mm long. The joints are connected by a ball-and-socket structure, allowing each joint to bend freely within a 45° range, with a minimum overall bending radius of 15mm, adapting to the curved oral cavity of mice. Preferably, the skeleton is made of medical-grade 316L stainless steel, which has good toughness and corrosion resistance.

[0106] A medical-grade silicone tube 32 encases a metal skeleton 31, providing a soft outer surface to reduce irritation to the oral tissues of mice. Preferably, the silicone material is medical-grade silicone rubber with a hardness of 60±5 Shore A, a smooth surface, and resistance to common disinfectant treatments.

[0107] A locking knob 33, 15mm in diameter, is located at the base of the bracket and is connected to a central through-wire 34. Clockwise rotation of the locking knob 33 increases joint friction, enabling one-button full-joint locking. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking force is infinitely adjustable within the range of 0-500g, balancing flexibility and stability requirements.

[0108] A central through-wire 34 passes through the center of the metal frame 31, with one end connected to the locking knob 33 and the other end fixed to the front end of the bracket. When the locking knob 33 is rotated, the wire 34 is subjected to tension, which increases the friction between the joints, thereby locking the shape of the bracket. Preferably, the wire is made of high-strength stainless steel with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a tensile strength ≥1800 MPa.

[0109] A cable channel 35, 3 mm in diameter, is housed within a silicone flexible tube 32 to accommodate fiber optic conduits and signal cables, protecting them from compression and excessive bending. Preferably, the inner wall of the channel is made of a low-friction coefficient material to reduce resistance to cable movement within the channel.

[0110] See Figure 6 The imaging and spectral analysis module 4 includes a miniature CMOS image sensor 41, a miniature aspherical lens 42, a miniature spectrometer chip 43, a miniature grating 44, and a miniature coaxial cable 45.

[0111] The miniature CMOS image sensor 41 is a cylinder with an overall size of 6mm in diameter and 8mm in length, with an effective pixel count of 640×480 and a pixel size of 4μm, ensuring a resolution of 5μm. Preferably, the sensor has a maximum frame rate of 30fps, a dynamic range of ≥60dB, a signal-to-noise ratio of ≥40dB, and a minimum illumination of 0.5lux, meeting the imaging requirements in low-light environments.

[0112] The miniature aspherical lens 42 is connected to the miniature CMOS image sensor 41, with a focal length of 4mm, achieving clear imaging at a working distance of 5-15mm. Preferably, the lens adopts an aspherical design, which effectively reduces spherical aberration and chromatic aberration, and improves edge imaging quality.

[0113] The miniature spectrometer chip 43 measures 3×3×1mm, operates in the range of 450-650nm, and has a sampling interval of 5nm. Preferably, it has a spectral resolution better than 10nm, a signal-to-noise ratio ≥100:1, a sampling frequency of 60Hz, and employs 12-bit ADC quantization to adapt to different brightness environments.

[0114] A miniature grating 44 is positioned in front of the miniature spectrometer chip 43, with a line density of 600 lines / mm, which decomposes the reflected light into different wavelengths. Preferably, the grating is manufactured using holographic technology, with a diffraction efficiency ≥70%, effectively improving the accuracy of spectral analysis.

[0115] A miniature coaxial cable 45, with a diameter of 0.8 mm, connects a miniature CMOS image sensor 41 and a miniature spectrometer chip 43, transmitting the acquired image and spectral data to the handheld main control unit 1. Preferably, the cable employs LVDS differential signal technology, which has strong anti-interference capabilities and ensures high-quality data transmission.

[0116] See Figure 7 The multimodal feedback system 5 includes a visual feedback unit 51, an auditory feedback unit 52, and a tactile feedback unit 53.

[0117] The visual feedback unit 51 mainly consists of an OLED display screen 14 on the handheld main control unit 1, which displays the glottis status and spectral curve in real time. Preferably, the displayed content includes the current spectral mode, the percentage of glottis opening and closing probability, and the battery status. The interface design is simple and intuitive, and key information is highlighted using high-contrast colors.

[0118] The auditory feedback unit 52 consists of a miniature piezoelectric buzzer, 8mm in diameter, with a sound frequency range of 1000-4000Hz. Different glottal states correspond to different pitches: low (approximately 1200Hz, no glottal opening), mid (approximately 2500Hz, glottal closing), and high (approximately 3800Hz, glottal opening). Preferably, the sound rhythm is synchronized with the glottal opening and closing state, guiding the operator to grasp the optimal intubation timing. The volume can be adjusted or turned off in the settings.

[0119] The haptic feedback unit 53 includes a miniature vibration motor, 10mm in diameter, located inside the grip. The vibration intensity is proportional to the degree of glottis opening and is adjustable in three levels: slight vibration (glottis slightly visible), medium vibration (glottis partially open), and strong vibration (glottis fully open). Preferably, the vibration mode can be selected as continuous mode or pulse mode to adapt to different operating habits, with a vibration frequency range of 150-230Hz.

[0120] These three feedback methods work simultaneously, providing operators with information through multiple sensory channels and reducing the burden on a single sense. Under different environmental conditions, the system automatically adjusts the intensity of each feedback mode; for example, it enhances visual and tactile feedback while weakening auditory feedback in high-noise environments.

[0121] See Figure 8 The glottis recognition algorithm used in this invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0122] First, the microprocessor 13 receives image information acquired by the miniature CMOS image sensor 41 and spectral reflectance information analyzed by the miniature spectrometer chip 43. The image information is then subjected to a 3×3 Gaussian filter to remove noise, followed by adaptive contrast enhancement to improve the clarity of tissue boundaries.

[0123] Based on the processed image, the algorithm extracts morphological features of the glottis region, mainly including:

[0124] (1) Outline features: The glottis is elliptical with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 3:1;

[0125] (2) Location characteristics: The glottis is located slightly above the center of the visual field;

[0126] (3) Size characteristics: The glottis area occupies 5%-15% of the image area;

[0127] (4) Edge features: The glottis edge has a clear brightness gradient.

[0128] Simultaneously, based on spectral reflectance information, the algorithm analyzes the spectral characteristics of tissue reflectance. Because different tissues have different absorption and reflection characteristics, the cartilage tissue around the glottis has a high reflectance around 470 nm, while vascular tissue has a high absorption rate around 600 nm. The algorithm identifies different tissue types by calculating the reflectance ratio within a specific wavelength range.

[0129] In one embodiment of the present invention, tissue type identification is performed using the following formula for calculating the ratio of spectral features:

[0130] $$R_{ratio} = \frac{R_{470}}{R_{600}}$$

[0131] Where $R_{470}$ is the reflectance at a wavelength of 470 nm, and $R_{600}$ is the reflectance at a wavelength of 600 nm. The $R_{ratio}$ value of cartilage tissue is usually greater than 2.0, while the $R_{ratio}$ value of vascular tissue is usually less than 0.8, and the $R_{ratio}$ value of periglottic mucosa tissue is between 1.2 and 1.8.

[0132] Combining morphological and spectral features, the algorithm calculates the probability value of glottal opening and closing states using the following formula:

[0133] $$P_{open} = w_1 \cdot P_{shape} + w_2 \cdot P_{spectrum} + w_3 \cdotP_{area\_change}$$

[0134] Where $P_{open}$ is the probability of glottal opening, $P_{shape}$ is the probability based on morphological features, $P_{spectrum}$ is the probability based on spectral features, $P_{area\_change}$ is the probability based on changes in area, and $w_1$, $w_2$, and $w_3$ are weighting coefficients, with preferred values ​​of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3, respectively.

[0135] When $P_{open}$ exceeds a preset threshold, the glottis is determined to be in an open state. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this threshold is set to 0.8 (i.e., 80% confidence level). This value was obtained through extensive experimental verification and can effectively reduce the false alarm rate while ensuring recognition accuracy.

[0136] To eliminate false positives caused by respiration, the algorithm also employs multi-frame temporal analysis to track the area change trend of the glottic region, identify the respiratory cycle, and determine the optimal intubation timing. The temporal analysis formula is as follows:

[0137] $$P_{timing} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} P_{open,i} \cdot exp(-\frac{(t-t_i)^2}{2\sigma^2})$$

[0138] Where $P_{timing}$ is the probability of the optimal intubation timing considering timing factors, $P_{open,i}$ is the probability of glottis opening in the $i$th frame, $t$ is the current time, $t_i$ is the time of the $i$th frame, $\sigma$ is the time weighting coefficient (preferred value is 0.2 seconds), and $N$ is the number of frames involved in the calculation (preferred value is 10).

[0139] When $P_{timing}$ is greater than 0.85, the system determines that it is the optimal time for intubation and triggers the multimodal feedback system 5 to issue a prompt signal.

[0140] The handheld main control unit 1 of the present invention also has an adaptive optimization function, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0141] First, the system continuously monitors the quality of spectral reflectance information, with key evaluation indicators including signal-to-noise ratio, spectral peak sharpness, and spectral curve smoothness. When the signal-to-noise ratio is detected to be below 30dB, peaks at key wavelengths are not obvious, or the spectral curve fluctuates significantly, the system automatically fine-tunes the light source wavelength (within ±5nm) and intensity to improve the quality of spectral information.

[0142] Secondly, the system monitors changes in ambient light and determines the ambient light intensity by observing changes in brightness in the image edge areas. When the ambient light increases, the system automatically increases the exposure time; when the ambient light decreases, the system automatically increases the light source intensity. Preferably, the exposure time adjustment range is 1-100ms, and the light source intensity adjustment range is 50%-100%.

[0143] Furthermore, the system can adaptively adjust the parameters of the recognition algorithm based on the tissue characteristics of different individual mice. For example, for tracheal calcification models such as diabetic mice, the system automatically reduces the weight of spectral features and increases the weight of morphological features to improve recognition accuracy. Preferably, the weight adjustment range is ±0.1, and the adjustment step size is 0.02.

[0144] These adaptive optimization features enable the device to maintain optimal working condition under different usage environments and experimental conditions, further improving the success rate of operations and the user experience.

[0145] The fiber optic duct of the present invention has a special structural design, including an illumination channel branch and a central signal return channel.

[0146] The illumination channel branch comprises multiple parallel optical fibers, typically 6-8, with 7 fibers used in a preferred embodiment of the invention, each with a diameter of 200 μm. These fibers are divided into two groups at the light-emitting end, pointing to the left and right sides of the glottis respectively, ensuring uniform illumination. The fiber emission angle is 45°, a design with two important implications: first, it prevents direct light from reflecting directly into the imaging sensor, reducing glare interference; second, it enhances the shadow effect on the fine structures of the tissue surface, improving the three-dimensional effect and facilitating the identification of tissue boundaries.

[0147] The central signal return channel uses a single optical fiber with a diameter of 300μm, slightly larger than the illumination fiber, to increase light collection capability. This channel is located in the center of the illumination fiber bundle, aligned with the optical axis of the imaging sensor, ensuring that the acquired images and spectral information accurately reflect the target area.

[0148] The entire fiber bundle is covered with a medical-grade PVC protective sleeve, which can withstand high-temperature sterilization at 85℃. This temperature setting takes into account both the heat resistance of the material and the routine sterilization requirements of medical equipment (usually 75-80℃). Preferably, the protective sleeve is 0.5mm thick, has good bending toughness and chemical corrosion resistance, and can withstand treatment with common disinfectants such as 75% alcohol and 2% glutaraldehyde.

[0149] The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator of the present invention operates as follows:

[0150] First, the operator presses the power button, and the system enters self-test mode to check the connection status of each module. The OLED display 14 shows the startup screen and battery level, and the LED light source illuminates in standard mode (550nm), entering the warm-up phase (approximately 2 seconds). The system automatically calibrates the spectral analysis module 4 and collects ambient light reference data. A short "beep" sound from the buzzer indicates that the system is ready.

[0151] The operator holds the main control unit 1 with one hand and gently opens the mouse's mouth with the other, inserting the front end of the device gently along the mouse's palate to a depth of approximately 10-15mm. The operator observes the field of vision in real-time through the OLED screen 14 to locate the glottis. The operator can gently bend the serpentine support 3 to adjust the angle until the glottis is centered in the field of vision.

[0152] Depending on the observation needs, the operator can adjust the wavelength knob 12. If the cartilage structure is not clear, it can be rotated to the blue light area (approximately 470nm) to enhance cartilage visualization; if blood vessels are difficult to distinguish, it can be rotated to the red light area (approximately 600nm) to enhance blood vessel visualization; if comprehensive observation is required, the intermediate wavelength area can be selected. At the same time, the brightness slider can also be adjusted to achieve the best observation effect according to the reflected light intensity.

[0153] After confirming the optimal viewing angle, the operator rotates the locking knob 33 to fix the shape of the serpentine support 3. At this point, the operator can release their grip, and the device will remain in its original position, allowing the operator to perform endotracheal intubation with both hands.

[0154] Throughout the process, the imaging and spectral analysis module 4 continuously acquires images and spectral data, while the microprocessor 13 executes the glottis recognition algorithm in real time. When the glottis is detected to be open, the multimodal feedback system 5 simultaneously issues visual, auditory, and tactile cues to remind the operator to seize the optimal intubation time.

[0155] After the operation is complete, gently loosen the locking knob 33, remove the device, and press the power button to turn off the system.

[0156] Through the above operating procedures, this invention achieves rapid, accurate, and convenient tracheal intubation in mice, significantly improving the success rate, reducing operation time, and lowering the difficulty of operation.

[0157] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator, characterized in that, include: Handheld main control unit, used for: Generates light signals with adjustable wavelengths; Receive and process imaging and spectral data; Generate glottal state recognition results; The fiber optic guide and optical component system, connected to the handheld main control unit, is used for: Receive the light signal generated by the handheld main control unit; The light signal is directed to the glottis region of the mouse; Collect reflected light signals from the glottic region; The reflected light signal is transmitted to the handheld main control unit; The serpentine positioning bracket assembly, connected to the fiber optic conduit and optical component system, is used for: Supporting the fiber optic conduit and optical component system; Offers an adjustable bending angle; A locking mechanism is provided to lock the bending angle; The imaging and spectral analysis module, connected to the fiber optic guide and optical component system and the handheld main control unit, is used for: Acquire image information of the glottic region; Collect spectral reflectance information of the glottic region; The image information and the spectral reflectance information are transmitted to the handheld main control unit; A multimodal feedback system, connected to the handheld main control unit, is used for: Receive the glottis state recognition result; Based on the glottal state recognition results, visual feedback signals, auditory feedback signals, and tactile feedback signals are generated.

2. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handheld main control unit includes: A multispectral LED light source array is used to generate light with a wavelength range of 470-600nm; A wavelength adjustment knob, connected to the multispectral LED light source array, is used to adjust the wavelength of the light. A microprocessor, connected to the multispectral LED light source array and the wavelength adjustment knob, is used to control the wavelength and intensity of the light. An OLED display screen, connected to the microprocessor, is used to display the glottal state recognition result and system status information; The power module is connected to the multispectral LED light source array, the microprocessor, and the OLED display screen to provide electrical energy.

3. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic guide and optical component system includes: An illumination fiber optic channel is used to transmit the light signal; A signal return fiber optic channel is used to transmit the reflected light signal; A magnetic lens compartment is connected to the light-emitting end of the illumination fiber optic channel and is used to hold filters or polarizers. A microlens, disposed within the magnetically attached lens compartment, is used to focus the light signal into an elliptical spot.

4. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic lens compartment includes: The lens casing has a circular structure. Multiple pairs of neodymium iron boron magnets are disposed inside the lens housing to provide magnetic connection; A lens recess is provided inside the lens housing for placing the filter or the polarizer; The filters include a blue light filter, a yellow light filter, and a red light filter, corresponding to wavelengths of 470±10nm, 570±10nm, and 600±10nm, respectively.

5. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The serpentine positioning bracket assembly includes: The metal skeleton is composed of multiple interconnected joints; Medical-grade silicone tubing, covering the metal skeleton; A locking knob, connected to the metal frame, is used to adjust the friction between the joints; A central steel wire passes through the metal frame, with one end connected to the locking knob to transmit locking force; A cable channel, disposed within the silicone tubing, is used to accommodate the fiber optic conduit, optical component system, and signal lines.

6. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The imaging and spectral analysis module includes: A miniature CMOS image sensor with a pixel size of 4μm and a resolution of 640×480; A miniature aspherical lens, connected to the miniature CMOS image sensor, has a focal length of 4mm; A miniature spectrometer chip for analyzing spectral information in the wavelength range of 450-650nm; A miniature grating, positioned in front of the miniature spectrometer chip, is used to decompose the reflected light signal into different wavelengths; A miniature coaxial cable is connected to the miniature CMOS image sensor and the miniature spectrometer chip to transmit the image information and the spectral reflectance information.

7. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal tube locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimodal feedback system includes: The visual feedback unit includes an OLED display screen on the handheld main control unit, used to display glottal status and spectral curves; The auditory feedback unit includes a piezoelectric buzzer for emitting alert tones at different frequencies; The tactile feedback unit includes a miniature vibration motor for generating vibration intensity corresponding to the glottal state recognition result; The auditory feedback unit has a sound frequency range of 1000-4000Hz, and the vibration intensity of the tactile feedback unit is adjustable in three levels.

8. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal intubation locator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microprocessor is used for: Receive the image information and the spectral reflectance information; Based on the image information, extract the morphological features of the glottis region; Based on the spectral reflectance information, analyze the tissue reflectance spectral characteristics; By combining the morphological features and the spectral features, the probability value of the glottal opening and closing state is calculated; When the probability value exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the glottis is in an open state.

9. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal tube locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handheld main control unit is also used for: Monitor the quality of the spectral reflectance information; Based on the quality of the spectral reflectance information, the wavelength and intensity of the light signal are automatically adjusted; Monitor changes in ambient light; Based on the changes in ambient light, the exposure parameters of the imaging and spectral analysis module are adjusted.

10. The adjustable multispectral mouse endotracheal tube locator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic conduit in the fiber optic conduit and optical component system includes: The lighting channel branch contains multiple parallel optical fibers used to disperse the light signal to both sides of the glottis; The central signal return channel contains a single optical fiber for collecting the reflected light signal; A medical-grade PVC protective sleeve covers the lighting channel branches and the central signal return channel, and can withstand high-temperature sterilization at 85°C. The optical fiber of the illumination channel branch has an emission angle of 45° to avoid direct reflection from interfering with the imaging and spectral analysis module.

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