Slope protection method and system based on active and passive danger reduction measures

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope protection method and system based on active and passive danger reduction measures, and belongs to the field of disaster protection, and the method comprises the steps: calculating a first risk of a target slope through a numerical model; designing and implementing an active risk reduction measure based on the first risk; wherein the active danger reduction measures comprise a runoff regulation and control measure and a biological coupling measure; calculating a second risk of the target slope after the active risk reduction measure is implemented by using the numerical model; designing and implementing passive risk reduction measures based on the second risk; wherein the passive danger reduction measure comprises a drainage measure and an interception measure. Therefore, by means of the method, the climate limitation of arid and semi-arid areas can be overcome, and slope protection is effectively achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disaster prevention, and in particular to a slope protection method and system based on active and passive risk mitigation measures. Background Technology

[0002] When transmission line towers are laid out on slopes in mountainous and hilly areas, they often face various geological hazards such as landslides, collapses, debris flows, and surface runoff erosion. Traditional protection methods mainly rely on geotechnical engineering measures, such as retaining walls, anchor bolts, frame beams, and passive protective nets. These measures are passive risk mitigation, mainly intercepting or restraining unstable or moving soil and rock after a disaster has occurred. They have disadvantages such as large engineering workload, high cost, and significant environmental disturbance, and they fail to proactively reduce the probability or intensity of disasters at the source or during the process.

[0003] In recent years, ecological engineering measures, especially vegetation protection, have been widely used in slope protection due to their environmental friendliness and proactive risk mitigation functions such as soil stabilization, slope protection, and runoff regulation. Vegetation reduces slope instability risk by anchoring soil shear strength through its root system, reducing raindrop splash erosion through its canopy and litter, lowering soil moisture content through transpiration, and reducing erosion capacity by blocking runoff through its stems. However, in typical arid and semi-arid regions like Gansu, where annual rainfall is low and concentrated, soil is infertile, and evaporation is high, vegetation growth is severely limited, making it difficult to establish and maintain large areas of dense vegetation. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of traditional vegetation-based ecological engineering measures as proactive risk mitigation methods, and may even render them unfeasible. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a slope protection method and system based on active and passive risk reduction measures, which can overcome the climatic limitations of arid and semi-arid regions and effectively achieve slope protection.

[0005] This invention provides a slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures, applicable to arid and semi-arid regions. The slope protection method includes:

[0006] The first risk of the target slope was calculated using a numerical model.

[0007] Based on the first risk, proactive risk mitigation measures are designed and implemented; wherein, the proactive risk mitigation measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures;

[0008] The second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures was calculated using a numerical model.

[0009] Based on the second risk, passive risk mitigation measures are designed and implemented; wherein, the passive risk mitigation measures include drainage measures and interception measures.

[0010] This invention, through a first risk assessment of the target slope, analyzes potential disaster risks, providing a basis for designing subsequent proactive risk mitigation measures. By designing and implementing proactive risk mitigation measures, the risk of slope instability can be reduced. A second risk assessment of the target slope analyzes the remaining risks after implementing proactive risk mitigation measures, providing a basis for designing subsequent passive risk mitigation measures. By designing and implementing passive risk mitigation measures, residual risks that proactive risk mitigation measures cannot completely eliminate can be addressed. Compared to existing technologies that are ineffective in slope protection in arid and semi-arid regions using single risk mitigation measures, this application overcomes the climatic limitations of arid and semi-arid regions and effectively achieves slope protection.

[0011] Furthermore, the calculation of the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model includes:

[0012] The target slope is surveyed to identify potential disaster risks; the survey includes geological survey, hydrological survey, soil survey and climate survey.

[0013] Based on the identification results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model to obtain the first risk of the target slope.

[0014] This invention provides a basis for designing proactive risk mitigation measures by conducting a first risk assessment of the target slope.

[0015] Furthermore, the design and implementation of proactive risk mitigation measures based on the first risk includes:

[0016] Based on the first risk, the runoff path and soil characteristics of the target slope are analyzed, and the runoff path analysis results and soil characteristic analysis results are obtained respectively.

[0017] Based on the runoff path analysis results, runoff regulation measures are designed and implemented.

[0018] Based on the soil property analysis results, biological coupling measures were designed and implemented.

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention can reduce the risk of slope instability by designing and implementing proactive risk mitigation measures.

[0020] Furthermore, the design and implementation of runoff regulation measures based on runoff path analysis results include:

[0021] Based on the runoff path analysis results, determine the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope;

[0022] In the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope, runoff control measures are designed and implemented; wherein the runoff control measures include one or more of the following combinations: fish scale pits, reverse slope terraces, water collection cellars, infiltration wells, micro-barrier dams or diversion channels.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention design runoff control measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can reduce runoff erosion, reduce the risk of soil infiltration saturation, and provide water sources for biological coupling measures.

[0024] Furthermore, the design and implementation of biocoupling measures based on soil characteristic analysis results include:

[0025] Based on the soil property analysis results, determine the soil moist area of ​​the target slope;

[0026] In the soil-moistened areas of the target slope, design and implement bio-coupling measures; wherein the bio-coupling measures include one or more combinations of the following: drought-resistant native plants, bio-soil crusts, straw or gravel.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention design biological coupling measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can enhance the shear strength and erosion resistance of the soil.

[0028] Furthermore, the calculation of the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model includes:

[0029] Numerical simulation software was used to simulate the geological changes of the target slope after the implementation of proactive risk mitigation measures; the geological changes included changes in total runoff, runoff velocity, sediment yield, and soil moisture content.

[0030] Based on the simulation results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model, and the second risk of the target slope is obtained.

[0031] This invention provides a basis for designing passive risk mitigation measures by conducting a second risk assessment on the target slope.

[0032] Furthermore, the design and implementation of passive risk mitigation measures based on the second risk include:

[0033] Based on the second risk, the catchment area and landslide area of ​​the target slope are analyzed, and the analysis results of the catchment area and the landslide area are obtained respectively.

[0034] Based on the results of the water catchment analysis, drainage measures were designed and implemented.

[0035] Based on the landslide analysis results, interception measures were designed and implemented.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention, through the design and implementation of passive risk mitigation measures, are able to address the residual risks that active risk mitigation measures have failed to completely eliminate.

[0037] Furthermore, the design and implementation of drainage measures based on the water catchment analysis results include:

[0038] Based on the water catchment analysis results, determine the water catchment area of ​​the target slope;

[0039] In the catchment area of ​​the target slope, drainage measures are designed and implemented; wherein the drainage measures include one or more combinations of the following: drainage ditches, diversion channels or blind drains.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention design drainage measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can eliminate surface runoff or groundwater.

[0041] Furthermore, the design and implementation of interception measures based on the landslide analysis results include:

[0042] Based on the landslide analysis results, determine the landslide area of ​​the target slope;

[0043] In the landslide area of ​​the target slope, interception measures are designed and implemented; wherein the interception measures include one or more combinations of the following: flexible protective nets, flexible grids, masonry retaining walls, rubble concrete retaining walls or reinforced concrete retaining structures.

[0044] The embodiments of the present invention design interception measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can intercept or restrain landslides, falling rocks, and mudflows.

[0045] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a slope protection system based on active and passive risk reduction measures, including: a first assessment module, an active risk reduction module, a second assessment module, and a passive risk reduction module;

[0046] The first assessment module is used to calculate the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model;

[0047] The proactive risk reduction module is used to design and implement proactive risk reduction measures based on the first risk; wherein, the proactive risk reduction measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures;

[0048] The second assessment module is used to calculate the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model;

[0049] The passive risk mitigation module is used to design and implement passive risk mitigation measures based on the second risk; wherein the passive risk mitigation measures include interception measures and drainage measures. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1A schematic flowchart of a slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a slope protection system based on active and passive risk mitigation measures provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0054] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0055] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0058] See Figure 1 To address the problem that existing technologies are ineffective in slope protection in arid and semi-arid regions using only single risk reduction measures, an embodiment of the present invention provides a slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures, including steps S101 to S104.

[0059] Step S101: Calculate the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model.

[0060] Further, step S101 includes:

[0061] The target slope is surveyed to identify potential disaster risks; the survey includes geological survey, hydrological survey, soil survey and climate survey.

[0062] Based on the identification results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model to obtain the first risk of the target slope.

[0063] For example, geological surveys, hydrological analyses, soil mechanics tests, and climate data analyses (such as rainfall intensity and frequency) are conducted on slopes involving transmission line towers to identify potential geological hazard types (such as shallow landslides, gully erosion, and debris flow initiation), their extent, scale, and main triggering factors.

[0064] For example, numerical models (such as GeoStudio and FLAC) are used to calculate the stability of slopes under different working conditions (such as heavy rain) to assess the first risk of slopes without mitigation measures.

[0065] This invention provides a basis for designing proactive risk mitigation measures by conducting a first risk assessment of the target slope.

[0066] Step S102: Based on the first risk, design and implement proactive risk reduction measures; wherein, the proactive risk reduction measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures.

[0067] Further, step S102 includes:

[0068] Based on the first risk, the runoff path and soil characteristics of the target slope are analyzed, and the runoff path analysis results and soil characteristic analysis results are obtained respectively.

[0069] Based on the runoff path analysis results, runoff regulation measures are designed and implemented.

[0070] Based on the soil property analysis results, biological coupling measures were designed and implemented.

[0071] The embodiments of the present invention can reduce the risk of slope instability by designing and implementing proactive risk mitigation measures.

[0072] Furthermore, the design and implementation of runoff regulation measures based on runoff path analysis results include:

[0073] Based on the runoff path analysis results, determine the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope;

[0074] In the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope, runoff control measures are designed and implemented; wherein the runoff control measures include one or more of the following combinations: fish scale pits, reverse slope terraces, water collection cellars, infiltration wells, micro-barrier dams or diversion channels.

[0075] For example, on the potentially dangerous slope surface above and to the side of transmission line towers on a slope, a series of crescent-shaped or strip-shaped fish-scale pits or reverse-slope terraces are set along approximate contour lines or in the direction of the reverse slope. The inner ridges of the fish-scale pits or reverse-slope terraces are lower than the outer ridges, forming small water-collecting depressions that can effectively intercept slope runoff and reduce its downward velocity and erosion capacity. The size of the fish-scale pits or reverse-slope terraces is determined according to the slope, slope length, and expected catchment area. For example, larger and longer terraces can be used on gentler slopes, while smaller and denser fish-scale pits can be used on steeper slopes. The ridges of the fish-scale pits or reverse-slope terraces can be mixed with local clay or a small amount of solidifying agent to enhance stability.

[0076] For example, after setting up fish-scale pits or reverse slope terraces, a water collection cellar or infiltration well can be connected to the lowest point or one side of the fish-scale pits or reverse slope terraces (the water collection cellar or infiltration well can be selected according to the soil permeability); the water collection cellar is constructed with simple seepage-proof materials (such as brick masonry or precast concrete) and a cover plate is set on the top to collect rainwater collected by the fish-scale pits or reverse slope terraces, which can serve as a supplementary water source for subsequent bio-coupling measures; the infiltration well directly introduces the collected water into the deep soil layer to increase the moisture of the deep soil layer, but it is not used for reuse.

[0077] For example, on gullies or catchment paths where concentrated runoff may form on slopes, low, intermittent micro-dams can be constructed using locally available materials (such as stones, willow branches, sandbags, and waste wood), or diversion channels can be built using simple stone masonry or soil (with hardened or grassed surfaces). Micro-dams are permeable or semi-permeable, which can reduce water flow velocity, promote siltation, and reduce gully erosion. Diversion channels, on the other hand, guide runoff in a controlled manner to catchment areas or safe areas.

[0078] It is worth noting that the construction parameters of fish-scale pits or reverse slope terraces, the volume and location of water collection cellars or infiltration wells, and the size and spacing of micro-dams or diversion channels are all designed based on the slope gradient, slope length, catchment area, soil type, local rainfall intensity and frequency.

[0079] The embodiments of the present invention design runoff control measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can reduce runoff erosion, reduce the risk of soil infiltration saturation, and provide water sources for biological coupling measures.

[0080] Furthermore, the design and implementation of biocoupling measures based on soil characteristic analysis results include:

[0081] Based on the soil property analysis results, determine the soil moist area of ​​the target slope;

[0082] In the soil-moistened areas of the target slope, design and implement bio-coupling measures; wherein the bio-coupling measures include one or more combinations of the following: drought-resistant native plants, bio-soil crusts, straw or gravel.

[0083] For example, in the moist soil areas of the slope, drought-resistant native plants suitable for the local climate and soil conditions can be planted. Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants with well-developed root systems, strong soil-fixing ability and extremely low water requirements can be selected, such as sea buckthorn, caragana, tamarisk, poplar, tamarisk, iris, alkali grass and bermudagrass, etc. In the initial planting, hole sowing, layering or container seedlings can be used, and a small amount of auxiliary irrigation can be carried out using rainwater collected in the water collection cellar to improve the survival rate. Once they survive, the root systems of these plants can significantly enhance the soil's shear strength and erosion resistance.

[0084] For example, biological soil crusts can be induced or inoculated in exposed areas of slopes by spraying inoculation solution or transplanting soil blocks. Biological soil crusts are complexes composed of algae, fungi, lichens and mosses on the surface of arid regions. They can form a protective layer with adhesive properties on the soil surface, effectively resisting wind and water erosion, increasing surface roughness, reducing runoff velocity, and promoting water infiltration.

[0085] For example, in non-vegetated areas, locally abundant materials such as straw and gravel can be used to cover the ground surface; straw mulch can reduce water evaporation, improve soil structure, and suppress weeds; gravel mulch can effectively resist raindrop splash erosion and surface runoff erosion.

[0086] The embodiments of the present invention design biological coupling measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can enhance the shear strength and erosion resistance of the soil.

[0087] Step S103: Calculate the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model.

[0088] Further, step S103 includes:

[0089] Numerical simulation software was used to simulate the geological changes of the target slope after the implementation of active risk reduction measures; wherein, the geological changes include changes in total runoff, runoff velocity, sediment yield and soil moisture content;

[0090] Based on the simulation results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model, and the second risk of the target slope is obtained.

[0091] For example, hydrological models can be used to simulate the impact of proactive risk mitigation measures on total surface runoff, runoff velocity, and sediment yield; soil hydrodynamic models can be used to simulate the impact of proactive risk mitigation measures on soil moisture content.

[0092] For example, geological change parameters are substituted into the slope stability analysis model to calculate the increase in slope safety factor (ΔFS), or to assess the reduction in the thickness and range of potential landslide bodies, or the degree of reduction in gully incision rate. The ΔFS value or the proportion of risk reduction is regarded as the potential risk energy "dissipated" or reduced by active risk mitigation measures. For example, if the slope safety factor without mitigation measures is FS0, and the slope safety factor after designing and implementing active risk mitigation measures is FS1, then the contribution of active risk mitigation measures is FS1-FS0. Based on the slope safety factor FS1 value after designing and implementing active risk mitigation measures, the stability of the slope is calculated to obtain the second risk of the slope.

[0093] This invention provides a basis for designing passive risk mitigation measures by conducting a second risk assessment on the target slope.

[0094] Step S104: Based on the second risk, design and implement passive risk mitigation measures; wherein, the passive risk mitigation measures include drainage measures and interception measures.

[0095] Further, step S104 includes:

[0096] Based on the second risk, the catchment area and landslide area of ​​the target slope are analyzed, and the analysis results of the catchment area and the landslide area are obtained respectively.

[0097] Based on the results of the water catchment analysis, drainage measures were designed and implemented.

[0098] Based on the landslide analysis results, interception measures were designed and implemented.

[0099] The embodiments of the present invention, through the design and implementation of passive risk mitigation measures, are able to address the residual risks that active risk mitigation measures have failed to completely eliminate.

[0100] Furthermore, the design and implementation of drainage measures based on the water catchment analysis results include:

[0101] Based on the water catchment analysis results, determine the water catchment area of ​​the target slope;

[0102] In the catchment area of ​​the target slope, drainage measures are designed and implemented; wherein the drainage measures include one or more combinations of the following: drainage ditches, diversion channels or blind drains.

[0103] For example, drainage ditches, diversion channels, or blind drains are set up around the foundation of transmission line towers on slopes, at the toe of the slope, or in key water catchment areas to quickly and effectively divert slope runoff or groundwater away from the tower foundations, preventing the foundations from being soaked, softened, or eroded by water.

[0104] The embodiments of the present invention design drainage measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can eliminate surface runoff or groundwater.

[0105] Furthermore, the design and implementation of interception measures based on the landslide analysis results include:

[0106] Based on the landslide analysis results, determine the landslide area of ​​the target slope;

[0107] In the landslide area of ​​the target slope, interception measures are designed and implemented; wherein the interception measures include one or more combinations of the following: flexible protective nets, flexible grids, masonry retaining walls, rubble concrete retaining walls or reinforced concrete retaining structures.

[0108] For example, flexible protective nets or flexible grids are suitable for intercepting small-scale rockfalls, shallow soil slippage or mudflows, have good energy absorption capacity, and have relatively little impact on the environment and landscape; masonry retaining walls, rubble concrete retaining walls or reinforced concrete barrier structures are suitable for intercepting larger-scale landslides or debris flows.

[0109] It is worth noting that the load-bearing capacity or interception energy of the interception measures should be greater than or equal to the energy of the second risk. For example, if the second risk indicates that a rockfall with a maximum energy of E may occur, the designed flexible protective net or flexible grid should have an energy absorption capacity greater than E; if the second risk indicates that a shallow slip of thickness h may occur, the height and strength of the designed masonry retaining wall, rubble concrete retaining wall, or reinforced concrete retaining structure should be sufficient to intercept soil of thickness h; at the same time, drainage measures should be able to ensure the safe discharge of residual runoff or groundwater during extreme rainfall.

[0110] The embodiments of the present invention design interception measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can intercept or restrain landslides, falling rocks, and mudflows.

[0111] It is worth noting that active and passive risk mitigation measures should be coordinated in terms of spatial layout and function. For example, runoff control measures should address water on the upper slope, while drainage measures should address localized runoff and water around the foundation. Runoff control measures should divert water away from the foundations of towers and interception measures. The installation of interception measures should not affect the drainage of runoff control measures above. While meeting safety requirements, active risk mitigation measures should be utilized to the greatest extent possible to reduce reliance on passive risk mitigation measures.

[0112] Preferably, both active and passive risk mitigation measures should be regularly inspected, maintained, and monitored, including monitoring rainfall, surface runoff, soil moisture content, groundwater level, slope displacement, vegetation growth, biocrust coverage, and structural deformation; runoff control measures should be regularly cleaned to remove silt and sand and repair embankments; biocoupling measures should be replanted and protected as necessary; and the integrity of passive risk mitigation measures should be checked and repaired in a timely manner.

[0113] This invention, through a first risk assessment of the target slope, analyzes potential disaster risks, providing a basis for designing subsequent proactive risk mitigation measures. By designing and implementing proactive risk mitigation measures, the risk of slope instability can be reduced. A second risk assessment of the target slope analyzes the remaining risks after implementing proactive risk mitigation measures, providing a basis for designing subsequent passive risk mitigation measures. By designing and implementing passive risk mitigation measures, residual risks that proactive risk mitigation measures cannot completely eliminate can be addressed. Compared to existing technologies that are ineffective in slope protection in arid and semi-arid regions using single risk mitigation measures, this application overcomes the climatic limitations of arid and semi-arid regions and effectively achieves slope protection.

[0114] like Figure 2 As shown, based on the above method embodiments, corresponding system embodiments are provided;

[0115] An embodiment of the present invention provides a slope protection system based on active and passive risk reduction measures, including: a first assessment module 201, an active risk reduction module 202, a second assessment module 203, and a passive risk reduction module 204;

[0116] The first assessment module 201 is used to calculate the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model;

[0117] The active risk reduction module 202 is used to design and implement active risk reduction measures based on the first risk; wherein, the active risk reduction measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures;

[0118] The second assessment module 203 is used to calculate the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model;

[0119] The passive risk mitigation module 204 is used to design and implement passive risk mitigation measures based on the second risk; wherein the passive risk mitigation measures include interception measures and drainage measures.

[0120] In this embodiment of the invention, the first assessment module 201 includes: a risk identification submodule and a first assessment submodule;

[0121] The risk identification submodule is used to survey the target slope and identify potential disaster risks; the survey includes geological survey, hydrological survey, soil survey and climate survey.

[0122] The first evaluation submodule is used to calculate the stability of the target slope based on the identification results using a numerical model, and obtain the first risk of the target slope.

[0123] This invention provides a basis for designing proactive risk mitigation measures by conducting a first risk assessment of the target slope.

[0124] In this embodiment of the invention, the active risk reduction module 202 includes: a first analysis submodule, a runoff regulation submodule, and a bio-coupling submodule;

[0125] The first analysis submodule is used to analyze the runoff path and soil characteristics of the target slope based on the first risk, and obtain the runoff path analysis results and soil characteristic analysis results respectively.

[0126] The runoff regulation submodule is used to design and implement runoff regulation measures based on the runoff path analysis results;

[0127] The bio-coupling submodule is used to design and implement bio-coupling measures based on soil property analysis results.

[0128] The embodiments of the present invention can reduce the risk of slope instability by designing and implementing proactive risk mitigation measures.

[0129] In this embodiment of the invention, the runoff regulation submodule includes: a first judgment unit and a first design unit;

[0130] The first judgment unit is used to determine the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope based on the runoff path analysis results;

[0131] The first design unit is used to design and implement runoff control measures in the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope; wherein the runoff control measures include one or more of the following combinations: fish scale pits, reverse slope terraces, water collection cellars, infiltration wells, micro-barrier dams or diversion channels.

[0132] The embodiments of the present invention design runoff control measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can reduce runoff erosion, reduce the risk of soil infiltration saturation, and provide water sources for biological coupling measures.

[0133] In this embodiment of the invention, the biological coupling submodule includes: a second judgment unit and a second design unit;

[0134] The second judgment unit is used to determine the soil moist area of ​​the target slope based on the soil characteristic analysis results;

[0135] The second design unit is used to design and implement bio-coupling measures in the soil-moistened area of ​​the target slope; wherein the bio-coupling measures include one or more combinations of the following: drought-resistant native plants, biological soil crust, straw or gravel.

[0136] The embodiments of the present invention design biological coupling measures based on the results of the first risk assessment, which can enhance the shear strength and erosion resistance of the soil.

[0137] In this embodiment of the invention, the second evaluation module 203 includes: a numerical simulation submodule and a second evaluation submodule;

[0138] The numerical simulation submodule is used to simulate the geological changes of the target slope after the implementation of active risk reduction measures using numerical simulation software; wherein, the geological changes include changes in total runoff, runoff velocity, sediment yield and soil moisture content;

[0139] The second evaluation submodule is used to calculate the stability of the target slope based on the simulation results using a numerical model, and obtain the second risk of the target slope.

[0140] This invention provides a basis for designing passive risk mitigation measures by conducting a second risk assessment on the target slope.

[0141] In this embodiment of the invention, the passive risk reduction module 204 includes: a second analysis submodule, a drainage submodule, and an interception submodule;

[0142] The second analysis submodule is used to analyze the catchment area and landslide area of ​​the target slope based on the second risk, and obtain the analysis results of the catchment area and the analysis results of the landslide area respectively.

[0143] The drainage submodule is used to design and implement drainage measures based on the results of water catchment analysis.

[0144] The interception submodule is used to design and implement interception measures based on the landslide analysis results.

[0145] The embodiments of the present invention, through the design and implementation of passive risk mitigation measures, are able to address the residual risks that active risk mitigation measures have failed to completely eliminate.

[0146] In this embodiment of the invention, the drainage submodule includes: a third judgment unit and a third design unit;

[0147] The third judgment unit is used to determine the catchment area of ​​the target slope based on the water catchment analysis results;

[0148] The third design unit is used to design and implement drainage measures in the catchment area of ​​the target slope; wherein the drainage measures include one or more combinations of the following: drainage ditches, diversion channels or blind drains.

[0149] The embodiments of the present invention design drainage measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can eliminate surface runoff or groundwater.

[0150] In this embodiment of the invention, the interception submodule includes: a fourth judgment unit and a fourth design unit;

[0151] The fourth judgment unit is used to determine the landslide area of ​​the target slope based on the landslide analysis results;

[0152] The fourth design unit is used to design and implement interception measures in the landslide area of ​​the target slope; wherein the interception measures include one or more combinations of the following: flexible protective net, flexible grid, masonry retaining wall, rubble concrete retaining wall or reinforced concrete barrier structure.

[0153] The embodiments of the present invention design interception measures based on the results of a second risk assessment, which can intercept or restrain landslides, falling rocks, and mudflows.

[0154] It is understood that the above-described device embodiments correspond to the method embodiments of the present invention, and can implement the slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures provided by any of the above-described method embodiments of the present invention.

[0155] This invention employs a first assessment module to conduct a first risk assessment of the target slope, analyzing potential disaster risks and providing a basis for designing subsequent proactive risk mitigation measures. The proactive risk mitigation module designs and implements proactive risk mitigation measures to reduce slope instability risk. A second assessment module conducts a second risk assessment of the target slope, analyzing the remaining risks after implementing proactive risk mitigation measures and providing a basis for designing subsequent passive risk mitigation measures. The passive risk mitigation module designs and implements passive risk mitigation measures to address remaining risks that proactive risk mitigation measures cannot completely eliminate. Compared to existing technologies that are ineffective in slope protection in arid and semi-arid regions using single risk mitigation measures, this application overcomes the climatic limitations of arid and semi-arid regions and effectively achieves slope protection.

[0156] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by this invention, the connection relationships between modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can specifically be implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0157] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, the form of runoff regulation measures, the types and combinations of bio-coupling measures can be adjusted according to specific geological environments and climatic conditions; other applicable models or experimental methods can also be used for risk assessment.

Claims

1. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures, characterized in that, The slope protection method, applicable to arid and semi-arid regions, includes: The first risk of the target slope was calculated using a numerical model. Based on the first risk, proactive risk mitigation measures are designed and implemented; wherein, the proactive risk mitigation measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures; The second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures was calculated using a numerical model. Based on the second risk, passive risk mitigation measures are designed and implemented; wherein, the passive risk mitigation measures include drainage measures and interception measures.

2. The slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model includes: The target slope is surveyed to identify potential disaster risks; the survey includes geological survey, hydrological survey, soil survey and climate survey. Based on the identification results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model to obtain the first risk of the target slope.

3. The slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The design and implementation of proactive risk mitigation measures based on the first risk include: Based on the first risk, the runoff path and soil characteristics of the target slope are analyzed, and the runoff path analysis results and soil characteristic analysis results are obtained respectively. Based on the runoff path analysis results, runoff regulation measures are designed and implemented. Based on the soil property analysis results, biological coupling measures were designed and implemented.

4. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The design and implementation of runoff regulation measures based on runoff path analysis results include: Based on the runoff path analysis results, determine the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope; In the runoff concentration area of ​​the target slope, runoff control measures are designed and implemented; wherein the runoff control measures include one or more of the following combinations: fish scale pits, reverse slope terraces, water collection cellars, infiltration wells, micro-barrier dams or diversion channels.

5. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The design and implementation of bio-coupling measures based on soil property analysis results include: Based on the soil property analysis results, determine the soil moist area of ​​the target slope; In the soil-moistened areas of the target slope, design and implement bio-coupling measures; wherein the bio-coupling measures include one or more combinations of the following: drought-resistant native plants, bio-soil crusts, straw or gravel.

6. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model includes: Numerical simulation software was used to simulate the geological changes of the target slope after the implementation of proactive risk mitigation measures; the geological changes included changes in total runoff, runoff velocity, sediment yield, and soil moisture content. Based on the simulation results, the stability of the target slope is calculated using a numerical model, and the second risk of the target slope is obtained.

7. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The design and implementation of passive risk mitigation measures based on the second risk include: Based on the second risk, the catchment area and landslide area of ​​the target slope are analyzed, and the analysis results of the catchment area and the landslide area are obtained respectively. Based on the results of the water catchment analysis, drainage measures were designed and implemented. Based on the landslide analysis results, interception measures were designed and implemented.

8. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The drainage measures designed and implemented based on the water catchment analysis results include: Based on the water catchment analysis results, determine the water catchment area of ​​the target slope; In the catchment area of ​​the target slope, drainage measures are designed and implemented; wherein the drainage measures include one or more combinations of the following: drainage ditches, diversion channels or blind drains.

9. A slope protection method based on active and passive risk reduction measures as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The design and implementation of interception measures based on landslide analysis results include: Based on the landslide analysis results, determine the landslide area of ​​the target slope; In the landslide area of ​​the target slope, interception measures are designed and implemented; wherein the interception measures include one or more combinations of the following: flexible protective nets, flexible grids, masonry retaining walls, rubble concrete retaining walls or reinforced concrete retaining structures.

10. A slope protection system based on active and passive risk mitigation measures, characterized in that, include: The module consists of a first assessment module, a proactive risk reduction module, a second assessment module, and a passive risk reduction module. The first assessment module is used to calculate the first risk of the target slope using a numerical model; The proactive risk reduction module is used to design and implement proactive risk reduction measures based on the first risk; wherein, the proactive risk reduction measures include runoff regulation measures and bio-coupling measures; The second assessment module is used to calculate the second risk of the target slope after implementing proactive risk reduction measures using a numerical model; The passive risk mitigation module is used to design and implement passive risk mitigation measures based on the second risk; wherein the passive risk mitigation measures include interception measures and drainage measures.

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