Application of feed additive in removal of mycotoxin in feed

Abstract

The invention provides application of a feed additive to removal of mycotoxin in feed, and particularly relates to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive disclosed by the invention consists of the following components in parts by mass: 16-21 parts of lycopene; the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from 7-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-15 parts of fructus lycii extract, 11-15 parts of radix astragali seu hedysari extract, 2-5 parts of radix ginseng extract, 6-13 parts of fructus momordicae extract, 8-17 parts of folium ginkgo extract, 12-19 parts of green tea extract, 11-16 parts of honeysuckle flower extract, 6-12 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 4-9 parts of grape seed extract, 5-10 parts of mulberry extract and 3-7 parts of rhodiola rosea extract. The feed additive disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively reducing mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry bodies and also can be used for effectively reducing residues of various mycotoxins in animal products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, specifically relating to the application of a feed additive in removing mycotoxins from feed. Background Technology

[0002] With the expansion and intensification of the livestock and poultry farming industry, mycotoxin pollution has become one of the most sensitive environmental problems. Among numerous harmful substance residues, mycotoxins are more toxic, bioaccumulative, and require long-term treatment compared to other pollutants. They can enter livestock and poultry bodies through various stages of the farming process (feeding environment and feed processing), resulting in mycotoxin residues and ultimately harming human health. To address the problem of mycotoxin residues in the livestock and poultry farming industry, it is necessary to fully understand the harmfulness and main causes of mycotoxin residues and to effectively regulate the feeding environment and feed processing stages in livestock farming to reduce mycotoxin residues. In short, as long as the intake of mycotoxins is controlled at the source, the problem of mycotoxin pollution can be minimized.

[0003] Currently, mycotoxin removers are mainly used in human food processing, with relatively little research on their application in livestock and poultry farming. The livestock and poultry farming industry lacks natural, highly efficient mycotoxin removers, and no such products have yet been applied in production practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an application of a feed additive in removing mycotoxins from feed, which can effectively reduce mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry, and can also effectively reduce the residues of various mycotoxins in animal products.

[0005] This invention provides an application of a feed additive in removing mycotoxins from feed. The feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16-21 parts of lycopene, 7-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-15 parts of wolfberry extract, 11-15 parts of astragalus extract, 2-5 parts of ginseng extract, 6-13 parts of monk fruit extract, 8-17 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 12-19 parts of green tea extract, 11-16 parts of honeysuckle extract, 6-12 parts of ganoderma extract, 4-9 parts of grape seed extract, 5-10 parts of mulberry extract, and 3-7 parts of rhodiola rosea extract.

[0006] Preferably, the feed additive may also be composed of the following components in parts by weight: 17-20 parts of lycopene, 8-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-13 parts of wolfberry extract, 12-14 parts of astragalus extract, 3-4 parts of ginseng extract, 7-12 parts of monk fruit extract, 8-16 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 12-16 parts of green tea extract, 15-16 parts of honeysuckle extract, 7-11 parts of ganoderma extract, 8-9 parts of grape seed extract, 6-7 parts of mulberry extract, and 5-6 parts of rhodiola rosea extract.

[0007] Preferably, the carrot extract, wolfberry extract, astragalus extract, ginseng extract, monk fruit extract, ginkgo leaf extract, green tea extract, honeysuckle extract, ganoderma extract, grape seed extract, mulberry extract, and rhodiola rosea extract are all alcohol extracts; the preparation method of the alcohol extract includes the following steps:

[0008] Plant materials are mixed with water and extracted to obtain a plant aqueous extract;

[0009] The aqueous extract of the plant was mixed with ethanol and precipitated to obtain a purified extract;

[0010] The purified extract was concentrated and dried to obtain the plant extract.

[0011] Preferably, the mycotoxin includes one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin.

[0012] Preferably, the livestock and poultry include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs.

[0013] Preferably, the feed additive is mixed with the basic daily ration of livestock and poultry at a mass ratio of (1-2):1000 and then fed.

[0014] This invention also provides the application of a feed additive in any one or more of the following I to IV: I. Reducing mycotoxins in livestock and poultry;

[0015] II. Reduce the residual levels of mycotoxins in animal products;

[0016] III. Reduce mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry manure;

[0017] IV. Preparation of mycotoxin removal products for animal feed;

[0018] The feed additives mentioned above are the feed additives described above.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for reducing mycotoxins in livestock and poultry feed, wherein the feed additive is mixed with the basic diet of livestock and poultry and fed; the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic diet is (1-2):1000.

[0020] Preferably, the mycotoxin includes one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin.

[0021] Preferably, the livestock and poultry include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention provides an application of a feed additive in the removal of mycotoxins from feed. The detoxification mechanism of this feed additive for mycotoxins involves the additive complexing with the mycotoxins under mycotoxin stress, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the mycotoxins and rendering them as low-toxicity or non-toxic complexes. These complexes are then excreted from the body as adsorbates through metabolism, eliminating or reducing the harm and residues of harmful mycotoxins on animal bodies. Simultaneously, it reduces the environmental pollution caused by free mycotoxin residues in livestock and / or poultry feces and / or urine. The feed additive provided by this invention can effectively reduce the mycotoxin content in livestock and poultry, as well as in related products. In summary, the feed additive provided by this invention has the function of removing mycotoxins, effectively reducing mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry, and also effectively reducing the residues of various mycotoxins in animal products. It fills the market gap in feed additives for mycotoxin reduction and control, and has good prospects for promotion. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides an application of a feed additive in removing mycotoxins from feed, which can effectively reduce mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry, and can also effectively reduce the residues of various mycotoxins in animal products.

[0025] In this invention, the feed additive is preferably composed of the following components in parts by weight: 16-21 parts of lycopene, and the plant extracts including 7-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-15 parts of wolfberry extract, 11-15 parts of astragalus extract, 2-5 parts of ginseng extract, 6-13 parts of monk fruit extract, 8-17 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 12-19 parts of green tea extract, 11-16 parts of honeysuckle extract, 6-12 parts of ganoderma extract, 4-9 parts of grape seed extract, 5-10 parts of mulberry extract, and 3-7 parts of rhodiola rosea extract. More preferably, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 17-20 parts of lycopene, and the plant extracts including 8-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-13 parts of wolfberry extract, 12-14 parts of astragalus extract, 3-4 parts of ginseng extract, 7-12 parts of monk fruit extract, 8-16 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 12-16 parts of green tea extract, 15-16 parts of honeysuckle extract, 7-11 parts of ganoderma extract, 8-9 parts of grape seed extract, 6-7 parts of mulberry extract, and 5-6 parts of rhodiola rosea extract.

[0026] In this invention, the carrot extract, wolfberry extract, astragalus extract, ginseng extract, monk fruit extract, ginkgo leaf extract, green tea extract, honeysuckle extract, ganoderma extract, grape seed extract, mulberry extract, and rhodiola rosea extract are all alcohol extracts; the preparation method of the alcohol extracts includes the following steps:

[0027] Plant materials are mixed with water and extracted to obtain a plant aqueous extract;

[0028] The aqueous extract of the plant was mixed with ethanol and precipitated to obtain a purified extract;

[0029] The purified extract was concentrated and dried to obtain the plant extract.

[0030] This invention preferably involves mixing and extracting plant materials with water to obtain a plant aqueous extract. Before mixing the plant materials with water, this invention preferably pulverizes the plant materials to obtain plant powder. This invention does not have a specific limitation on the pulverization method; conventional pulverization methods in the art are acceptable. This invention preferably uses a pulverizer to pulverize the plant materials. After pulverizing the plant materials, this invention preferably sieves them to obtain plant powder. In this invention, the sieve aperture is preferably 30-100 mesh, more preferably 40-80 mesh, even more preferably 50-70 mesh, and more preferably 60 mesh. The undersize material obtained in this invention is the plant powder. In this invention, the mass ratio of the plant materials to the volume of water is preferably 1 kg:(8-10) L, more preferably 1 kg:9 L. In this invention, the water is preferably distilled water. The mixing and extraction temperature in this invention is preferably 50-70°C, more preferably 55-65°C, and more preferably 60°C. In the preparation of plant extracts, temperatures below 50°C are detrimental to the dissolution and diffusion of soluble components, failing to promote the leaching of active ingredients; temperatures above 70°C can damage or volatilize certain components in the plant extract, increasing the leaching of ineffective components and impurities. The extraction temperature provided by this invention can better promote the leaching of active ingredients from plant raw materials while reducing the leaching of impurities. The preferred extraction time of this invention is 30–90 min, more preferably 40–80 min, even more preferably 50–70 min, and more preferably 60 min. After extraction, this invention preferably filters the extract, and the resulting filtrate is the plant aqueous extract. In this invention, the filtration mainly removes insoluble impurities from the aqueous extraction of plant raw materials. This invention does not specifically limit the filtration method; conventional filtration methods in the art can be used.

[0031] After obtaining the plant aqueous extract, the present invention preferably mixes the plant aqueous extract with ethanol for alcohol precipitation to obtain a purified extract. In the present invention, the amount of ethanol added is preferably 60%–70% of the volume of the plant aqueous extract, more preferably 65%. The alcohol precipitation time is preferably 12–24 hours, more preferably 15–20 hours, and more preferably 18 hours. In the present invention, the alcohol precipitation is preferably carried out under static conditions. The alcohol precipitation in the present invention mainly removes water-soluble impurities from the plant aqueous extract; the ethanol used is anhydrous ethanol, which can be purchased commercially and is not specifically limited. The amount of ethanol added and the alcohol precipitation time in the present invention can substantially ensure the removal of all impurities from the plant aqueous extract. After alcohol precipitation, the present invention preferably filters the mixture, and the resulting filtrate is the purified extract. In the present invention, the filtration mainly purifies the effective components of the plant extract and removes impurities after alcohol precipitation. The present invention does not have a specific limitation on the filtration method; conventional filtration methods in the art can be used.

[0032] After obtaining the purified extract, the present invention preferably concentrates and dries the purified extract to obtain the plant extract. The present invention does not specifically limit the concentration and drying methods; any conventional concentration or drying method in the art can be used. The concentration method of the present invention can be vacuum concentration or evaporation concentration; the drying method can be spray drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying.

[0033] In this invention, the plant extracts are prepared from the aforementioned plant materials, such as carrots, goji berries, astragalus, ginseng, monk fruit, ginkgo leaves, green tea, honeysuckle, ganoderma, grape seeds, mulberries, and rhodiola rosea. Preferably, the plant extracts obtained from each of the aforementioned plant materials are then used to prepare the feed additive. This invention does not have specific restrictions on the source of lycopene; it can be prepared using conventional methods in the art or derived from commercially available sources.

[0034] In this invention, the lycopene can enhance the body's antioxidant system, accelerate the clearance of ROS, and find the optimal, least harmful site to store mycotoxins in the body. Furthermore, the lycopene of this invention also improves the immune function of livestock and poultry, enhances resistance, prevents diseases, increases the stress resistance of sick animals, reduces the culling rate of livestock and poultry, and effectively reduces economic losses caused by diseases; at the same time, it can significantly improve the quality and flavor of livestock and poultry meat, enhance the antioxidant capacity of livestock and poultry products, and improve the nutritional value of livestock and poultry products.

[0035] The feed additive provided by this invention contains a variety of plant extracts, which can bind with mycotoxins, accelerate the excretion of mycotoxin ions from the body, and effectively reduce the concentration of mycotoxins in the body or blood; at the same time, the plant extracts have the effects of enhancing the body's immune function, lowering blood pressure, and resisting stress.

[0036] The feed additive provided by this invention is composed of lycopene and various plant extracts. Under mycotoxin stress, the feed additive binds to the mycotoxins, thereby reducing their effectiveness and making them low-toxicity or non-toxic complexes. Simultaneously, lycopene enhances the body's own antioxidant system, accelerating the body's clearance of ROS and finding the optimal, least harmful site to store mycotoxins. These detoxification mechanisms are not independent but mutually reinforcing. The antioxidant system promotes the formation of complexes while clearing ROS, enhancing its own clearance function and increasing its ability to complex mycotoxins. The complexed products are more conducive to the transfer of mycotoxins to the cell wall and vacuoles by mycotoxin transport proteins. The ingredients in the feed additive work together to have strong adsorption and nucleophilic properties, enabling them to complex with harmful mycotoxin ions, preventing these mycotoxins from oxidizing to produce toxic substances. These mycotoxins are then excreted from the body as complexes through metabolism, eliminating or reducing the harm and residues of harmful mycotoxins to the animal's body.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts lycopene, 8 parts carrot extract, 13 parts wolfberry extract, 12 parts astragalus extract, 3 parts ginseng extract, 12 parts monk fruit extract, 8 parts ginkgo leaf extract, 15 parts green tea extract, 16 parts honeysuckle extract, 7 parts ganoderma extract, 8 parts grape seed extract, 6 parts mulberry extract, and 6 parts rhodiola rosea extract. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 17 parts lycopene, 8 parts carrot extract, 9 parts wolfberry extract, 14 parts astragalus extract, 4 parts ginseng extract, 12 parts monk fruit extract, 13 parts ginkgo leaf extract, 16 parts green tea extract, 15 parts honeysuckle extract, 11 parts ganoderma extract, 8 parts grape seed extract, 7 parts mulberry extract, and 5 parts rhodiola rosea extract. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed additive is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts lycopene, 8 parts carrot extract, 11 parts wolfberry extract, 14 parts astragalus extract, 3 parts ginseng extract, 7 parts monk fruit extract, 16 parts ginkgo leaf extract, 12 parts green tea extract, 15 parts honeysuckle extract, 11 parts ganoderma extract, 9 parts grape seed extract, 7 parts mulberry extract, and 6 parts rhodiola rosea extract.

[0038] In this invention, the preparation method of the feed additive includes mixing lycopene and plant extracts to obtain the feed additive. This invention does not specifically limit the mixing method; any conventional mixing method in the art can be used to achieve uniform mixing.

[0039] This invention also provides the application of a feed additive in any one or more of the following I to IV: I. reducing mycotoxins in livestock and poultry; II. reducing mycotoxin residues in animal products; III. reducing mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry manure; IV. preparing mycotoxin-free animal feed products; wherein the feed additive is the aforementioned feed additive. The mycotoxin is preferably one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin; the livestock and poultry preferably include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs. In the application, the feed additive is preferably mixed with the basal diet of the livestock and poultry at a mass ratio of (1-2):1000 and then fed, more preferably at a mass ratio of 1:1000; the animal products preferably include one or more of livestock and poultry meat products, livestock and poultry egg products, and livestock and poultry dairy products.

[0040] This invention also provides a method for reducing mycotoxins in livestock and poultry feed, comprising mixing the feed additive with the basal diet of livestock and poultry and feeding it to them; the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basal diet is (1-2):1000; more preferably, it is mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1000 before feeding. The mycotoxins are preferably one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin; the livestock and poultry preferably include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs.

[0041] The natural plant extract feed additive of this invention can effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry manure, effectively reduce mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry, and effectively reduce the residues of various mycotoxins in animal products. It fills the gap in the market for mycotoxin reduction and control feed additives and has good prospects for promotion.

[0042] In the following embodiments of the present invention, the AA broiler chickens, Chinese Holstein dairy cows, and Duroc-Landrace-Large White crossbred pigs are all conventionally farmed breeds, and their specific sources are not limited.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Preparation of plant extracts

[0047] 1. Preparation of Carrot Extract

[0048] The carrots were pulverized using a grinder and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain carrot pulverized material.

[0049] Carrot pulverizer was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 8 L, and then extracted at 60°C for 70 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain carrot aqueous extract.

[0050] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the carrot aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the carrot aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified carrot extract.

[0051] The purified carrot extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain carrot extract.

[0052] 2. Preparation of Lycium barbarum extract

[0053] After grinding the goji berries using a grinder, the granules are passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the goji berry powder.

[0054] The crushed wolfberry was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 9 L, and then extracted at 50°C for 50 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain wolfberry aqueous extract.

[0055] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the aqueous extract of wolfberry for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the aqueous extract of wolfberry. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified extract of wolfberry.

[0056] The purified extract of wolfberry was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain wolfberry extract.

[0057] 3. Preparation of Astragalus Extract

[0058] After pulverizing the astragalus using a pulverizer, the powder was passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain astragalus powder.

[0059] The powdered Astragalus membranaceus was mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1 kg: 9 L, and then extracted at 50 °C for 50 min. The extract was filtered and collected to obtain Astragalus membranaceus aqueous extract.

[0060] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified extract of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0061] The purified extract of Astragalus membranaceus was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain Astragalus membranaceus extract.

[0062] 4. Preparation of ginseng extract

[0063] After ginseng is pulverized using a pulverizer, it is passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain ginseng powder.

[0064] Ginseng powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 10 L, and then extracted at 70°C for 60 min. The extract was filtered and collected to obtain ginseng aqueous extract.

[0065] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the ginseng aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 70% of the volume of the ginseng aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified ginseng extract.

[0066] The purified ginseng extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain ginseng extract.

[0067] 5. Preparation of Monk Fruit Extract

[0068] After crushing the monk fruit with a grinder, the powder is passed through a 70-mesh sieve to obtain monk fruit powder.

[0069] The powdered monk fruit was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 8 L, and then extracted at 60°C for 60 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain monk fruit aqueous extract.

[0070] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the aqueous extract of monk fruit for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 70% of the volume of the monk fruit aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified monk fruit extract.

[0071] The purified extract of monk fruit was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain monk fruit extract.

[0072] 6. Preparation of Ginkgo Leaf Extract

[0073] Ginkgo leaves are pulverized using a pulverizer and then passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain ginkgo leaf pulverized material.

[0074] Ginkgo leaf powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 9 L, and then extracted at 50°C for 40 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain ginkgo leaf aqueous extract.

[0075] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the aqueous extract of ginkgo leaves for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the aqueous extract of ginkgo leaves. After standing for 24 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified extract of ginkgo leaves.

[0076] The purified extract of ginkgo leaves was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain ginkgo leaf extract.

[0077] 7. Preparation of Green Tea Extract

[0078] After pulverizing the green tea using a grinder, the powder is passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized green tea.

[0079] After mixing green tea powder with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 10 L, the mixture was extracted at 70°C for 70 min. The extract was then filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain green tea aqueous extract.

[0080] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the green tea aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the green tea aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified green tea extract.

[0081] The purified green tea extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain the green tea extract.

[0082] 8. Preparation of honeysuckle extract

[0083] Honeysuckle was pulverized using a pulverizer and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain honeysuckle powder.

[0084] The honeysuckle powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 8 L, and then extracted at 50°C for 40 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain honeysuckle aqueous extract.

[0085] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the honeysuckle aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the honeysuckle aqueous extract. After standing for 24 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified honeysuckle extract.

[0086] The purified honeysuckle extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain honeysuckle extract.

[0087] 9. Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum extract

[0088] Ganoderma lucidum was pulverized using a pulverizer and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized Ganoderma lucidum.

[0089] Ganoderma lucidum powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 9 L, and then extracted at 70°C for 30 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract.

[0090] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 70% of the volume of the Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0091] The purified Ganoderma lucidum extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain Ganoderma lucidum extract.

[0092] 10. Preparation of grape seed extract

[0093] After crushing the grape seeds with a grinder, the mixture is passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain grape seed powder.

[0094] Grape seed powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 8 L, and then extracted at 70°C for 90 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain grape seed aqueous extract.

[0095] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the grape seed aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the grape seed aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified grape seed extract.

[0096] The purified grape seed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain the grape seed extract.

[0097] 11. Preparation of mulberry extract

[0098] After pulverizing the mulberries using a pulverizer, the pulverized mulberries are passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry powder.

[0099] The pulverized mulberry was mixed with distilled water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1 kg: 8 L, and then extracted at 50°C for 80 min. The extract was then filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain the mulberry aqueous extract.

[0100] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the mulberry aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 60% of the volume of the mulberry aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified mulberry extract.

[0101] The purified mulberry extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain mulberry extract.

[0102] 12. Preparation of Rhodiola Rosea Extract

[0103] Rhodiola rosea was pulverized using a pulverizer and then passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain Rhodiola rosea powder.

[0104] Rhodiola rosea powder was mixed with distilled water at a mass-volume ratio of 1 kg: 9 L, and then extracted at 60°C for 60 min. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected to obtain Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract.

[0105] Anhydrous ethanol was added to the Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract for alcohol precipitation. The amount of anhydrous ethanol added was 70% of the volume of the Rhodiola rosea aqueous extract. After standing for 12 hours, the alcohol precipitation was completed. After the alcohol precipitation was completed, the precipitated mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was the purified Rhodiola rosea extract.

[0106] The purified extract of Rhodiola rosea was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to obtain Rhodiola rosea extract.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] A feed additive, the specific components of which are:

[0109] Lycopene 18g, carrot extract 8g, wolfberry extract 13g, astragalus extract 12g, ginseng extract 3g, monk fruit extract 12g, ginkgo leaf extract 8g, green tea extract 15g, honeysuckle extract 16g, ganoderma extract 7g, grape seed extract 8g, mulberry extract 6g, and rhodiola rosea extract 6g.

[0110] The above-mentioned plant extracts were prepared according to Example 1. The above-mentioned plant extracts and lycopene were mixed according to the above-mentioned weight ratio to obtain feed additives.

[0111] Application Example 1

[0112] The effect of the feed additive prepared in Example 2 on mycotoxins in broiler chickens when added to the basal diet.

[0113] One hundred and fifty healthy one-day-old AA broilers were selected and divided into three groups: control group, experimental group and antagonist group. Each group had five replicates, with ten chickens in each replicate.

[0114] The control group was fed a basal diet for broilers.

[0115] The experimental group was fed a basal diet for broilers supplemented with mycotoxins (based on the mass of the basal diet for broilers, the supplements included Aspergillus flavus (AFBI): 100 μg / kg, Zearalenone (ZEN): 500 μg / kg, and Ochratoxin (OTA): 10.0 mg / kg).

[0116] The antagonistic group was fed a basal diet for broilers that simultaneously contained the feed additive prepared in Example 2 and the same mycotoxins as the experimental group. The feed additive prepared in Example 2 was mixed with the basal diet for broilers at a mass ratio of 1:1000 (i.e., 1g:1000g). The mycotoxins added were, based on the mass of the basal diet for broilers, aspergillus flavus: 100μg / kg, zearalenone: 500μg / kg, and ochratoxin: 10.0mg / kg.

[0117] The basal diet formula for broilers is as follows: by weight percentage, the components of the formula contain 61.3% corn, 28.5% soybean meal, 2.0% fishmeal, 2.0% wheat bran, 1.0% limestone, 1.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.3% salt, 2.0% soybean oil, 0.2% methionine, 0.2% lysine, and 1.0% premix.

[0118] Broilers in each treatment group were allowed free access to feed for 90 consecutive days. After this period, one broiler from each replicate was euthanized by exsanguination via the jugular vein. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the levels of different mycotoxins in the tissues. The levels of toxic mycotoxins in the tissues and feces of broilers in each treatment group are shown in Table 1.

[0119] Table 1. Content of mycotoxins in broiler tissues and feces in each treatment group.

[0120]

[0121] Note: Significant differences between the control group and the experimental group: **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; Significant differences between the experimental group and the antagonist group: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001.

[0122] Table 1 shows that the levels of toxic mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin in the tissues and feces of the antagonistic group were significantly lower than those in the experimental group, and returned to normal levels. This indicates that adding the feed additive provided by this invention to chicken feed can effectively alleviate the residue of mycotoxins in chicken tissues and feces, and is beneficial to environmental protection.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] A feed additive, the specific components of which are:

[0125] Lycopene 17g, carrot extract 8g, wolfberry extract 9g, astragalus extract 14g, ginseng extract 4g, monk fruit extract 12g, ginkgo leaf extract 13g, green tea extract 16g, honeysuckle extract 15g, ganoderma extract 11g, grape seed extract 8g, mulberry extract 7g, and rhodiola rosea extract 5g.

[0126] The above-mentioned plant extracts and lycopene are mixed in the above weight ratio to obtain a feed additive.

[0127] Application Example 2

[0128] The formula for the basic diet of dairy cows is as follows: by weight percentage, the components of the formula contain the following proportions: corn 50.0%, soybean meal 5.2%, rapeseed meal 8.2%, wheat bran 29.2%, bone meal 1.6%, dicalcium phosphate 3.0%, salt 0.8%, and premix 2.0%.

[0129] The feed additive from Example 3 was mixed evenly with the dairy cow basal diet at a mass ratio of 1g:1000g to obtain a premix for later use.

[0130] Fifty healthy Chinese Holstein dairy cows, aged 100–120 days and with a milk yield of 36–40 kg, were selected and divided into two groups: a control group and a mixed group, with five replicates in each group and five cows in each replicate.

[0131] Control group: fed with a basal diet for dairy cows;

[0132] Mixed group: fed a basal diet with added mixed feed additives, i.e., the premixed feed obtained above.

[0133] After 8 weeks of continuous feeding, one cow from each replicate group was selected, and milk samples were collected. The content of different metal elements was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of different treatment groups on the content of toxic mycotoxins in milk samples are shown in Table 2.

[0134] Table 2. Content of mycotoxins in milk samples from different treatment groups

[0135]

[0136] Table 2 shows that the levels of mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and vomitoxin in the milk samples of the mixed group were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating that adding the feed additive prepared in Example 3 to dairy cow feed can effectively alleviate mycotoxin residues in milk samples. According to GB 2761-2017, the aflatoxin content in milk and dairy products should be ≤500 ng / kg, and the addition of feed additives meets the standard. China and other EU countries do not have regulations regarding ochratoxin A in milk; Slovakia sets the limit for ochratoxin A in milk at 5 μg / kg, and the addition of feed additives meets the standard.

[0137] Example 4

[0138] A feed additive, the specific components of which are:

[0139] Lycopene 20g, carrot extract 8g, wolfberry extract 11g, astragalus extract 14g, ginseng extract 3g, monk fruit extract 7g, ginkgo leaf extract 16g, green tea extract 12g, honeysuckle extract 15g, ganoderma extract 11g, grape seed extract 9g, mulberry extract 7g, and rhodiola rosea extract 6g.

[0140] Comparative Example 1

[0141] A feed additive with the same composition as in Example 4, except that it does not contain lycopene.

[0142] Comparative Example 2

[0143] A feed additive with the same composition as in Example 4, except that it does not contain carrot extract.

[0144] Comparative Example 3

[0145] A feed additive with the same composition as in Example 4, except that 20 parts of lycopene are replaced with 20 parts of proanthocyanidins.

[0146] Application Example 3

[0147] The formula for the basal diet of pigs is as follows, by weight percentage: corn 67.0%, soybean meal 17.0%, fish meal 4.0%, wheat bran 6.0%, limestone 1.0%, dicalcium phosphate 0.2%, salt 0.3%, methionine 0.2%, lysine 0.3%, and premix 4.0%.

[0148] 250 healthy Duroc-Landrace-Landrace-Large White crossbred pigs weighing approximately 70 kg were selected and divided into 5 groups: control group, mixed group 1, mixed group 2, mixed group 3 and mixed group 4, with 5 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate.

[0149] The control group was fed a basal diet for pigs;

[0150] Mixed group 1 was fed a basal diet supplemented with the feed additive prepared in Example 4;

[0151] Mixed group 2 was fed a basal diet supplemented with feed additives from comparison group 1;

[0152] Mixed group 3 was fed a basal diet supplemented with feed additives from comparison group 2;

[0153] Mixed group 4 was fed a basal diet supplemented with feed additives from the comparison ratio 3.

[0154] In this case, the feed additives of Example 4, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 were mixed evenly with the basal diet of pigs at a mass ratio of 1:1000.

[0155] After 42 days of continuous feeding, one pig from each replicate was euthanized by exsanguination via the jugular vein. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect the levels of different mycotoxins in various tissues and urine of the pigs. The effects of different feed additives on the levels of toxic mycotoxins in pig tissues and urine are shown in Table 3.

[0156] Table 3. Effects of different feed additives on the content of toxic mycotoxins in pig tissues and urine.

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Note: Significance signs for differences between the control group and the mixed group: * represents P<0.05, ** represents P<0.01, *** represents P<0.001; Significance signs for differences between mixed group 1 and mixed group 2: # represents P<0.05, ## represents P<0.01, ### represents P<0.001.

[0160] Table 3 shows that the levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and vomitoxin in the tissues and urine of mixed group 1 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001); the levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and vomitoxin in the tissues and urine of mixed group 2 were significantly higher than those in mixed group 1 (P<0.05 and P<0.01); the levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and vomitoxin in the tissues and urine of mixed group 3 were comparable to those in mixed group 1; the levels of mycotoxins in the tissues and urine of mixed group 4 showed a decreasing trend, but the overall effect was not significant. The results indicate that adding the feed additive provided by this invention to pig feed can effectively alleviate the residue of mycotoxins in pig tissues and urine. Furthermore, comparative examples show that lycopene in the feed additive provided by this invention has a significant effect on the removal of mycotoxins from the feed additive.

[0161] In summary, the feed additive provided by this invention has the function of removing mycotoxins, which can effectively reduce the mycotoxin residue in livestock and poultry, and can also effectively reduce the residue of various mycotoxins in animal products. It fills the gap in the market for mycotoxin reduction and control feed additives and has good prospects for promotion.

[0162] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a feed additive in removing mycotoxins from feed, characterized in that, The feed additive is composed of the following components by weight: 16-21 parts lycopene, 7-14 parts carrot extract, 9-15 parts wolfberry extract, 11-15 parts astragalus extract, 2-5 parts ginseng extract, 6-13 parts monk fruit extract, 8-17 parts ginkgo leaf extract, 12-19 parts green tea extract, 11-16 parts honeysuckle extract, 6-12 parts ganoderma extract, 4-9 parts grape seed extract, 5-10 parts mulberry extract, and 3-7 parts rhodiola rosea extract.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed additive may also consist of the following components in parts by weight: 17-20 parts of lycopene, 8-14 parts of carrot extract, 9-13 parts of wolfberry extract, 12-14 parts of astragalus extract, 3-4 parts of ginseng extract, 7-12 parts of monk fruit extract, 8-16 parts of ginkgo leaf extract, 12-16 parts of green tea extract, 15-16 parts of honeysuckle extract, 7-11 parts of ganoderma extract, 8-9 parts of grape seed extract, 6-7 parts of mulberry extract, and 5-6 parts of rhodiola rosea extract.

3. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The carrot extract, wolfberry extract, astragalus extract, ginseng extract, monk fruit extract, ginkgo leaf extract, green tea extract, honeysuckle extract, ganoderma extract, grape seed extract, mulberry extract, and rhodiola rosea extract are all alcohol extracts; the preparation method of the alcohol extracts includes the following steps: Plant materials are mixed with water and extracted to obtain a plant aqueous extract; The aqueous extract of the plant was mixed with ethanol and precipitated to obtain a purified extract; The purified extract was concentrated and dried to obtain a plant extract.

4. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mycotoxins include one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin.

5. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs.

6. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The feed additive is mixed with the basic daily ration of the livestock and poultry at a mass ratio of (1-2):1000 and then fed.

7. The application of a feed additive in any one or more of the following I to IV, I. Reduce mycotoxins in livestock and poultry; II. Reduce the residual levels of mycotoxins in animal products; III. Reduce mycotoxin residues in livestock and poultry manure; IV. Preparation of mycotoxin removal products for animal feed; Its features are, The feed additive is the feed additive described in claim 1 or 2.

8. A method for reducing mycotoxins in livestock and poultry feed, characterized in that, The feed additive described in claim 1 or 2 is mixed with the basic diet of livestock and poultry and fed to them; the mass ratio of the feed additive to the basic diet is (1-2):1000.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mycotoxins include one or more of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry include one or more of cattle, chickens, and pigs.

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