Compressed air energy storage system utilizing wound gas cylinder gas storage array and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder gas storage array and a control method, the system comprises a compression unit, an expansion unit, a heat exchange unit, a wound gas cylinder gas storage array unit and a control unit of the wound gas cylinder gas storage array unit, and air is compressed and stored in a plurality of high-pressure wound gas cylinders through multi-stage compression and heat energy recovery. When energy is needed, the expansion machine is driven to release energy for power generation after heat energy compensation. And the gas storage array adopts a multi-layer winding gas cylinder modular structure, and has high pressure, high density, low cost and expandability. The control method covers system initialization and state detection, pressure setting in the sequential gas storage and energy release process, real-time monitoring and abnormal response and a safe shutdown mechanism, and has efficient heat energy management, distributed pressure regulation and dynamic control capabilities. According to the invention, the gas storage cost can be effectively reduced, the flexibility, maintainability and environmental friendliness of the system are improved, and the system is suitable for energy storage and peak regulation application of large-scale renewable energy sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of compressed air energy storage, carbon emission reduction, and energy conservation and environmental protection technology. It relates to the structural design and operation control technology of compressed air energy storage system. Specifically, it is a compressed air energy storage system and control method that utilizes a wound gas cylinder storage array, which is used to reduce the cost of gas storage devices, increase gas storage pressure and energy storage density, and improve the system's operational flexibility and reliability. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand, how to effectively store and utilize renewable energy has become an important issue in the energy sector. Compressed air energy storage, as a feasible energy storage technology, has high energy conversion efficiency and a long service life, and is therefore widely used in power load regulation and the storage of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. However, existing compressed air energy storage systems have some limitations, mainly manifested in high construction costs of gas storage devices, low gas pressure and density, and insufficient maintenance complexity and flexibility.

[0003] Existing compressed air energy storage systems typically employ large underground gas storage caverns or steel gas cylinders as storage devices (such as Chinese patents CN112832865A, CN112524060A, and CN118934409A). These devices often require large amounts of metal materials and have relatively low storage pressures, resulting in insufficient energy storage density and high system construction and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the gas storage devices in traditional systems are often bulky and difficult to modularly expand, limiting their flexibility and economic efficiency.

[0004] With the widespread application of high-pressure wound gas cylinders (such as automotive high-pressure gas cylinders), new compressed air energy storage technologies are gradually emerging. High-pressure wound gas cylinders utilize advanced composite materials and winding processes, resulting in lighter weight and higher storage pressure, enabling higher energy density and lower fixed costs. Despite the significant advantages of high-pressure wound gas cylinders in energy storage applications, most systems still face technical challenges in effectively utilizing their high-pressure storage characteristics, improving the modularity of storage devices, and optimizing system economics. In particular, designing a reasonable gas storage array to achieve zoned control of storage pressure and improve the operating efficiency of compressors and expanders are issues requiring in-depth research. Furthermore, in terms of gas storage scheduling and energy management, current control strategies are generally based on static valve switching or simple time-sequence rules, lacking precise perception and dynamic response capabilities to the pressure status of multi-stage cylinder arrays, making it difficult to meet the flexible scheduling requirements of energy storage systems in the context of smart grids and high-proportion integration of new energy sources.

[0005] In summary, existing compressed air energy storage systems have certain shortcomings in terms of the structural form of the gas storage device, modular expansion capability, operational flexibility, and maintenance convenience. These issues restrict the large-scale and economical application of the technology. Therefore, how to construct a compressed air energy storage system with high gas storage pressure and energy density, low construction cost, modular scalability, high operational efficiency, and precise control is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes a compressed air energy storage system and control method utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array. It aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing compressed air energy storage systems. Its main feature is that the system combines high-pressure wound gas cylinders into a multi-stage unit array as a storage device for adiabatic compressed air energy storage. Combined with a multi-channel distributed regulating valve control system and intelligent pressure control strategy, it achieves efficient dynamic management of the gas storage and energy release processes. This system can significantly reduce the cost of compressed air energy storage, increase the storage pressure and energy density of the energy storage system, improve the operational flexibility and reliability of the energy storage system, and enhance the ease of maintenance of the storage device, thereby achieving the goal of low-cost, large-scale compressed air energy storage.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the objective of this invention and solve its technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] The first objective of this invention is to provide a compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array, used to store and release grid electrical energy through compressed air as the energy storage medium, achieving low-cost, high-density, and modular adiabatic compressed air energy storage. The system includes a compression unit, an expansion unit, a heat exchange unit, a gas storage array unit, and a gas storage array control unit, wherein:

[0011] The compression unit includes at least an electric motor and a multi-stage compressor connected to it. The electric motor is connected to the power grid and is used to receive electrical energy and drive the compressor to rotate during the energy storage stage. The multi-stage compressor is connected in series to compress air at normal temperature and pressure in the atmosphere to a high temperature and high pressure state.

[0012] The expansion unit includes at least a generator and a multi-stage expander connected to it in a transmission. The multi-stage expanders are connected in series and are used to receive high-temperature and high-pressure air from the gas storage array unit and heated by the heat exchange unit during the energy release stage, and drive the generator to generate electrical energy through the multi-stage expansion process.

[0013] The heat exchange unit includes at least an intercooler installed on the exhaust pipeline of each stage of the compressor, a heater installed on the inlet pipeline of each stage of the expander, a heat storage tank, and a cold storage tank. Specifically: the cold-side outlet of each stage of the intercooler is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank via a manifold; the outlet of the cold storage tank is connected to the cold-side inlet of each stage of the intercooler via a branch line after passing through a normal temperature pump shut-off valve and a normal temperature pump; the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the hot-side inlet of each stage of the heater via a branch line after passing through a high temperature pump shut-off valve and a high temperature pump; the hot-side outlet of each stage of the heater is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank via a manifold. The intercoolers are used to transfer the heat energy of the compressed air to the heat transfer medium and store it in the heat storage tank during the compression energy storage stage; the heaters are used to transfer the heat energy in the heat storage tank to the high-pressure air at the expander inlet via the heat transfer medium during the expansion energy release stage to increase its temperature, thereby achieving decoupled management of heat energy and pressure energy.

[0014] The gas storage array unit forms a modular storage carrier for cooled high-pressure air. It adopts a multi-level array structure, including an energy storage main shut-off valve, an energy release main shut-off valve, multiple gas storage clusters, and multiple corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valves. Each gas storage cluster includes multiple gas storage modules, and each gas storage module includes multiple wound gas cylinder storage devices. The energy storage main shut-off valve is located on the main exhaust pipeline of the compression unit, and the energy release main shut-off valve is located on the main intake pipeline of the expansion unit. Each gas storage cluster is simultaneously connected to the outlet and inlet of the energy storage main shut-off valve through its corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve. It is also connected to its corresponding gas storage modules through several branch pipelines equipped with gas storage module regulating valves, and further connected to the gas storage modules through branch pipelines. The gas cylinder storage device is connected to the winding gas cylinder; the main energy storage shut-off valve controls the compression unit to charge each energy storage cluster, the main energy release shut-off valve controls the energy storage cluster to release gas to the expansion unit, the regulating valve of each energy storage cluster controls the charging and releasing process of the corresponding energy storage cluster, and the regulating valve of each energy storage module controls the charging and releasing process of the corresponding energy storage module; during energy storage, the high-pressure air generated by the compression unit passes through the main energy storage shut-off valve, through the energy storage cluster regulating valves on each branch pipeline, and further through the energy storage module regulating valves on each branch pipeline to charge each energy storage device; during energy release, the high-pressure air of each energy storage device passes sequentially through the energy storage module regulating valves on each branch pipeline and the energy storage cluster regulating valves on each branch pipeline, and finally through the energy release shut-off valve to release gas to the expansion unit;

[0015] The gas storage array control unit includes a controller and multiple pressure sensors. Each pressure sensor is installed on the branch line of the corresponding gas storage module to monitor the internal pressure of the gas cylinder storage device in each gas storage module in real time. The controller is communicatively connected to each pressure sensor and each control valve. It is used to change the opening and closing states of the energy storage main shut-off valve and the energy release main shut-off valve according to the pressure monitoring data of each pressure sensor and the preset control strategy, and to adjust the opening degree of the gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve, so as to realize the sequential gas storage and sequential gas release functions of the gas storage array unit, as well as the setting function of the compression unit outlet pressure and the expansion unit inlet pressure.

[0016] The second objective of this invention is to provide a control method for a compressed air energy storage system. Based on the compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array as described above, the control method, when implemented, includes at least the following steps:

[0017] SS1. System Initialization and Status Detection:

[0018] After the controller is started, it first closes all control valves of the gas storage array unit and monitors the current pressure status of the gas storage device with wound gas cylinders in each gas storage module in real time through each pressure sensor to determine the filling degree of each gas storage module; at the same time, it detects the liquid level and temperature status of the thermal storage tank and the cold storage tank to determine whether the heat transfer medium is in the operating temperature range and the safe liquid level range; after completing the status detection, the controller receives the grid command to determine whether to enter the energy storage or energy release mode.

[0019] SS2. Sequential gas storage and pressure setting in the energy storage phase:

[0020] After entering the energy storage mode, the controller starts the compression unit and activates the multi-stage compressor to compress air. At the same time, the ambient temperature pump is turned on and the high temperature pump is turned off, so that the ambient temperature heat transfer medium in the cold storage tank flows through the intercoolers of each stage to absorb the heat of compression and then flows into the heat storage tank. During the compressed gas output process, the controller opens the main energy storage shut-off valve, the target gas cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve in sequence according to the preset gas storage sequence, injecting compressed air into each gas storage module step by step. When the pressure of a gas storage module reaches the set upper limit, it automatically switches to the next gas storage module and adjusts the valve opening to maintain the compression unit operating at the optimal outlet pressure until all gas storage modules are filled in sequence and then the main energy storage shut-off valve is closed.

[0021] SS3. Sequential venting and pressure setting during the energy release phase:

[0022] In expansion and energy release mode, the controller shuts off the ambient temperature pump and turns on the high temperature pump, allowing the high temperature heat transfer medium in the heat storage tank to flow into each stage of heaters to provide heat to the air at the expander inlet before flowing into the cold storage tank. At the same time, the main energy release shut-off valve is opened, and one or more gas storage modules are selected to participate in the energy release path according to the real-time pressure and system power requirements. If multiple gas storage modules meet the release conditions at the same time, the controller comprehensively adjusts the opening of the selected module regulating valve and its corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve according to the inlet pressure set value, so that the mixed airflow pressure at the expander inlet is slightly higher than the optimal operating value. When the pressure of a gas storage module drops below the lower limit, the controller switches to the next candidate module to take over the energy release until the system venting target is met.

[0023] SS4. Real-time monitoring and anomaly handling:

[0024] During energy storage or release, the controller continuously monitors the pressure changes of each gas storage module through pressure sensors, detects the temperature and liquid level signals of the heat exchange unit, and adjusts the valve opening, equipment operating parameters and switching timing in real time based on the monitoring data. When an abnormal operating condition or equipment failure is detected, the controller immediately executes an emergency response and shuts down the relevant valves and equipment.

[0025] SS5. System Shutdown and Security Protection:

[0026] After completing the energy storage or release task, the controller safely shuts down the system according to the preset shutdown procedure: first, all control valves of the gas storage array are closed, the compressor or expander is stopped, then the motor or generator is shut down, and finally the pumps in the heat exchange system are stopped. During the shutdown process, the controller ensures that the heat transfer medium in the thermal storage tank and cold storage tank is in a safe state, and each gas storage module remains sealed. After the system enters standby mode, the controller continues to monitor key parameters, such as gas storage pressure, temperature changes and equipment status, to ensure system safety and be ready to respond to the next grid command.

[0027] (III) Technical Effects

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the compressed air energy storage system and control method of the present invention utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array have the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0029] 1. This system will make full use of automotive high-pressure wound gas cylinders and gas storage regulation technology to develop an array-type compressed air energy storage device with good economy and high reliability. This will greatly reduce the cost of compressed air energy storage devices and significantly improve the economy, operational flexibility and maintenance convenience of compressed air energy storage systems, thereby achieving the goal of low-cost, large-scale compressed air energy storage.

[0030] 2. This system uses high-pressure wound gas cylinders, resulting in high gas storage pressure and low fixed and construction costs per unit volume of gas storage device. Compared to existing compressed air energy storage systems, this system offers higher energy storage efficiency, greater economics, and higher energy density; furthermore, the modular design of the gas storage device facilitates phased expansion of the storage capacity.

[0031] 3. This system adopts a high-pressure gas storage array system, which can realize the regional control of gas storage pressure. On the one hand, sequential gas storage can improve the outlet pressure environment of the compressor and improve the operating efficiency of the compressor in the energy storage stage; on the other hand, sequential gas release can stabilize the inlet pressure of the expander and improve the operating efficiency of the expander in the energy release stage, thereby realizing the improvement of the efficiency of the compressed air energy storage system under different operating conditions.

[0032] 4. This system can utilize high-pressure wound gas cylinders from vehicles, which can not only further reduce the investment cost of compressed air energy storage, but also promote the recycling and reuse of waste high-pressure wound gas cylinders from vehicles, thus reducing environmental pressure.

[0033] 5. The high-pressure wound gas cylinders used in this system are made of composite materials, which have a lighter weight and lower manufacturing energy consumption, reducing the metal consumption of the gas storage device itself. They do not produce harmful waste gas or pollutants during use, and have strong environmental friendliness and sustainability. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the compressed air energy storage system control method of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0038] 1-Electric motor; 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d-Compressors at each stage; 3-Main shut-off valve for energy storage; 4, 15-Regulating valves for each gas storage cluster; 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d-Regulating valves for each gas storage module under each gas storage cluster; 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d - Gas storage devices for each wound gas cylinder under each gas storage module; 16-Main shut-off valve for energy release; 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d-Expanders at each stage; 18-Generator; 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d-Intercoolers for each stage of compressor; 20-Heat storage tank; 21-High temperature pump shut-off valve; 22-High temperature pump; 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d-Expander heaters at each stage; 24-Cold storage tank; 25-Ambient temperature pump shut-off valve; 26-Ambient temperature pump; 27-Controller; 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d, 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d-Pressure sensors. Detailed Implementation

[0039] This invention aims to provide a compressed air energy storage system and control method utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array. This system uses compressed air as the energy storage medium to store and release grid electrical energy, achieving low-cost, high-density, and modular adiabatic compressed air energy storage. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this invention, and are exemplary, intended to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0040] Example 1: Compressed Air Energy Storage System

[0041] As a specific example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the compressed air energy storage system of the present invention, utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array, includes at least a compression unit, an expansion unit, a heat exchange unit, a gas storage array unit, and a gas storage array control unit. Specifically:

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the compression unit in this invention mainly includes a motor 1 and multi-stage compressors 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. Motor 1 is connected to the power grid, and its shaft is driven by the shafts of each stage of compressors 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, used to receive electrical energy during the energy storage stage and realize the multi-stage transmission process of the compressors. The multi-stage compressors are connected in series. The inlet of compressor 2a is open to the atmosphere, the outlet of compressor 2a is connected to the inlet of compressor 2b, the outlet of compressor 2b is connected to the inlet of compressor 2c, and the outlet of compressor 2c is connected to the inlet of compressor 2d, realizing a multi-stage compression process that increases the pressure of atmospheric air to a high-pressure state.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the expansion unit in this invention mainly includes a generator 18 and multi-stage expanders 17a, 17b, 17c, and 17d. The shaft of the generator 18 is connected to the shafts of each stage of expanders 17a, 17b, 17c, and 17d via a transmission drive, realizing a multi-stage transmission process for the expanders. The multi-stage expanders are connected in series. The outlet of expander 17a is connected to the inlet of expander 17b, the outlet of expander 17b is connected to the inlet of expander 17c, the outlet of expander 17c is connected to the inlet of expander 17d, and the outlet of expander 17d is connected to the atmosphere. It is used to receive high-temperature, high-pressure air from the gas storage array unit and heated by the heat exchange unit during the energy release stage, and drive the generator to generate electrical energy through the multi-stage expansion process.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, the heat exchange unit in this invention mainly includes compressor intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c and 19d installed on the exhaust pipelines of each compressor, a heat storage tank 20, a high-temperature pump shut-off valve 21, a high-temperature pump 22, expander heaters 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d installed on the inlet pipelines of each expander, a cold storage tank 24, a normal temperature pump shut-off valve 25, and a normal temperature pump 26. The cold-side outlets of intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are connected to the inlet of heat storage tank 20 via a manifold. The outlet of heat storage tank 24 is connected to the cold-side inlet of intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d via a branch line after passing through ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 and ambient temperature pump 26. The outlet of heat storage tank 20 is connected to the hot-side inlet of heaters 23a, 23b, 23c, and 23d via a branch line after passing through high temperature pump shut-off valve 21 and high temperature pump 22. The hot-side outlets of heaters 23a, 23b, 23c, and 23d are connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank 24 via a manifold. Intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d are used to transfer the heat energy of compressed air to the heat transfer medium and store it in the heat storage tank 20 during the compression energy storage stage. Heaters 23a, 23b, 23c, and 23d are used to transfer the heat energy in the heat storage tank 20 to the high-pressure air at the expander inlet via the heat transfer medium during the expansion energy release stage to increase its temperature. Specifically, during energy storage, the high-temperature pump shut-off valve 21 is closed, and the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 is open. Ambient temperature liquid from the cold storage tank 24 is pressurized by the ambient temperature pump 26, then split and sent to the cold side of the intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c, and 19d of each compressor stage, becoming a high-temperature liquid, and finally merged and sent into the heat storage tank 20. When energy is released, the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 is closed and the high temperature pump shut-off valve 21 is opened. The high temperature liquid from the heat storage tank 20 is pressurized by the high temperature pump 22, and then diverted to the heaters 23a, 23b, 23c and 23d of each stage of the expander to become ambient temperature liquid. Finally, it is merged and sent to the cold storage tank 24, thereby realizing the separation of the thermal energy and pressure energy of the compressed air.

[0045] like Figure 1As shown, the gas storage array unit in this invention is formed as a modular storage carrier for cooled high-pressure air. The overall structure adopts a multi-level array, consisting of an energy storage main shut-off valve 3, an energy release main shut-off valve 16, multiple gas storage clusters, and corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valves. Each gas storage cluster consists of multiple gas storage modules and gas storage module regulating valves, and each gas storage module consists of multiple wound gas cylinder storage devices. This embodiment illustrates a case containing two gas storage clusters, each gas storage cluster containing four gas storage modules, and each gas storage module containing four wound gas cylinder storage devices. Specifically, the example illustrated in this embodiment mainly includes an energy storage main shut-off valve 3, gas storage cluster regulating valves 4 and 15, regulating valves 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d for each gas storage module under each gas storage cluster, gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d, and an energy release main shut-off valve 16. The main energy storage shut-off valve 3 is installed on the main exhaust pipeline of the compression unit, and the main energy release shut-off valve 16 is installed on the main intake pipeline of the expansion unit. Each gas storage cluster is connected to the outlet of the main energy storage shut-off valve 3 and the inlet of the main energy release shut-off valve 16 through its corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve. It is also connected to its corresponding gas storage module through several branch pipelines equipped with gas storage module regulating valves, and further connected to the wound gas cylinder storage device in each gas storage module through branch pipelines. The main energy storage shut-off valve 3 controls the gas supply from the compression unit to each energy storage cluster, the main energy release shut-off valve 16 controls the gas release from each energy storage cluster to the expansion unit, the regulating valves of each gas storage cluster control the gas supply and release processes of their respective gas storage clusters, and the regulating valves of each gas storage module control the gas supply and release processes of their respective gas storage modules.

[0046] Specifically, the main energy storage shut-off valve 3 and the main energy release shut-off valve 16 are mainly connected to the gas storage cluster regulating valves 4 and 15. The gas storage cluster regulating valve 4 is connected to the gas storage module regulating valves 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. The gas storage module regulating valve 5a is connected to the gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d. The gas storage module regulating valve 5b is connected to the gas storage devices 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d. The gas storage module regulating valve 5c is connected to the gas storage devices 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d. The gas storage module regulating valve 5d is connected to the gas storage devices 9a and 9b. 9c and 9d; Gas storage cluster regulating valve 15 is connected to gas storage module regulating valves 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d; gas storage module regulating valve 14a is connected to gas storage devices 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d; gas storage module regulating valve 14b is connected to gas storage devices 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d; gas storage module regulating valve 14c is connected to gas storage devices 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d; gas storage module regulating valve 14d is connected to gas storage devices 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d. During energy storage, the high-pressure air generated by the compression unit passes through the main energy storage shut-off valve 3, then through the gas storage cluster regulating valves on each branch pipeline, and further through the gas storage module regulating valves on each branch pipeline to charge each gas storage device; during energy release, the high-pressure air from each gas storage device passes through the gas storage module regulating valves on each branch pipeline and the gas storage cluster regulating valves on each branch pipeline in sequence, and finally through the energy release shut-off valve 16 to release air to the expansion unit.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the gas storage array control unit of this invention includes a controller 27 and multiple pressure sensors 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d, 29a, 29b, 29c, and 29d. Each pressure sensor is installed on the corresponding branch line of each gas storage module to monitor the internal pressure of the gas cylinder storage device in each gas storage module in real time. The controller 27 is communicatively connected to each pressure sensor and each control valve, and is used to change the opening and closing states of the energy storage main shut-off valve 3 and the energy release main shut-off valve 16 according to the pressure monitoring data of each pressure sensor and the preset control strategy, and to adjust the opening degree of the gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve, so as to realize the sequential gas storage function, sequential gas release function, and the functions of setting the outlet pressure of the compression unit and the inlet pressure of the expansion unit of the gas storage array unit. Specifically:

[0048] Sequential gas storage function refers to storing gas in each gas storage module according to the sequence of gas storage modules during the gas storage process. The specific implementation method is as follows: When gas storage begins, all valves of the gas storage array are closed, and the main energy storage shut-off valve 3, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5a are opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d; when the pressure of the gas storage module reaches the preset charging pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5a is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5b is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d. Similarly, when the pressure of the gas storage module reaches the preset charging pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5b is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5c is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d; after reaching the preset charging pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5c is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5d is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 9a, 9b, 9c, and 9d; after reaching the preset charging pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5d and the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4 are closed.

[0049] After all the gas storage modules of the first gas storage cluster are sequentially filled, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 15 and the gas storage module regulating valve 14a in the next gas storage cluster are opened, and high-pressure air enters the gas storage devices 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d. After reaching the preset filling pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14a is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 14b is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d. After reaching the preset filling pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14b is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 14c is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d. After reaching the preset filling pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14c is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 14d is opened, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d. Finally, the gas storage module regulating valve 14d, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 15, and the energy storage main shut-off valve 3 are closed. Furthermore, during the aforementioned gas storage process, the controller 27 monitors the data from each pressure sensor in real time and dynamically adjusts the opening of each valve to match the output flow and pressure of the compression unit, ensuring that pressure fluctuations are avoided during the sequential gas filling process and improving the compression efficiency and system stability during the energy storage stage.

[0050] Sequential venting function refers to venting gas from each gas storage unit according to the gas storage unit sequence during venting. Specifically, at the start of venting, all valves in the gas storage array are closed. Controller 27, according to a preset control strategy, first opens the main energy release shut-off valve 16, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5a. High-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d. After the pressure drops to a preset venting pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5a is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5b is opened. High-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d. After the pressure drops to a preset venting pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5b is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5c is opened. High-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d. After the pressure drops to a preset venting pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 5c is closed, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5d is opened. High-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 9a, 9b, 9c, and 9d. After the pressure drops to a preset venting pressure threshold, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4 and the gas storage unit regulating valve 5d are closed.

[0051] After all the gas storage modules of the first gas storage cluster have released gas in sequence, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 15 and the gas storage module regulating valve 14a in the next gas storage cluster are opened, and high-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d; after the pressure drops to the preset release pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14a is closed and the gas storage module regulating valve 14b is opened, and high-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d; after the pressure drops to the preset release pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14b is closed and the gas storage module regulating valve 14c is opened, and high-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d; after the pressure drops to the preset release pressure threshold, the gas storage module regulating valve 14c is closed and the gas storage module regulating valve 14d is opened, and high-pressure air enters the expansion unit from gas storage devices 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d. Finally, the gas storage unit regulating valve 14a, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 15, and the gas storage unit regulating valve 5d are closed. After all gas storage clusters and all gas storage modules are vented in sequence, the main energy release shut-off valve 16 is closed. During the above venting process, the controller 27 monitors the pressure sensor data in real time and dynamically adjusts the opening of each valve to stabilize the inlet flow and pressure of the expansion unit, ensuring that the sequential venting process optimizes energy release efficiency and maintains system balance.

[0052] The compressor unit outlet pressure setting function refers to storing gas in the gas storage unit according to the compressor's optimal outlet pressure during gas storage. Specifically, during energy storage, the controller 27 obtains the compressor's operating power and flow rate based on grid commands and the energy storage system's operating strategy, and determines the compressor's optimal outlet pressure condition accordingly. For each gas storage cluster, the compressor outlet pressure can be adjusted simultaneously by regulating both the gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage unit regulating valve, thereby ensuring efficient compressor operation under the optimal outlet pressure condition. In this embodiment, when gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d are not yet full, while the pressure of other gas storage devices is at atmospheric pressure, the opening of the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4 and the gas storage module regulating valve 5a can be adjusted, and the pressure displayed by the pressure sensor 28a can be monitored. The system monitors the power grid commands and the compressor's required flow rate in real time. When the pressure required for the compressor's optimal operating outlet is lower than the pressure displayed by pressure sensor 28a, or when the pressure displayed by pressure sensor 28a reaches the maximum pressure of the winding gas cylinder, the system closes the gas storage module regulating valve 5a and opens the gas storage module regulating valve 5b. Based on the pressure displayed by pressure sensor 28b and the current compressor's required flow rate, the system adjusts the opening of the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4 and the gas storage module regulating valve 5b to ensure efficient compressor operation. This process continues until the gas storage devices 13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d are full. When full, the pressure in each gas storage unit may not be exactly the same.

[0053] The expansion unit inlet pressure setting function refers to releasing gas from the gas storage unit based on the optimal inlet pressure of the expander during gas storage. Specifically, during energy release, the controller 27 obtains the expander's operating power and flow rate based on grid commands and the energy storage system's operating strategy, and determines the optimal inlet pressure condition for the expander accordingly. For each gas storage cluster, the controller can simultaneously adjust the gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve to regulate the expander's inlet pressure, thereby ensuring efficient operation of the expander under the optimal inlet pressure condition. Specifically, the controller 27 first compares the real-time pressure monitoring values ​​of each gas storage module, prioritizes one or more gas storage modules with pressure values ​​higher than the optimal inlet pressure, opens the corresponding gas storage module regulating valve, and simultaneously adjusts the opening of the corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve to match the air pressure entering the expansion unit with the optimal inlet pressure; when the pressure of the opened gas storage module drops below the optimal inlet pressure, it switches to other gas storage modules that still meet the pressure conditions in real time, and readjusts the opening of each regulating valve to maintain a stable gas supply pressure; if the pressure of all gas storage modules is lower than the optimal inlet pressure, then according to the preset tolerance strategy, it sequentially selects the gas storage module with the pressure closest to the inlet pressure requirement, gradually connects it to the energy release path and adjusts the valve opening to ensure that the entire expansion unit operates in a highly efficient state close to the optimal inlet pressure.

[0054] In this embodiment, based on the current grid command and the optimal inlet pressure requirement under the expander flow rate, the gas storage module with a pressure higher than the expander inlet pressure requirement is selected to begin releasing gas. For example, if the pressures displayed by pressure sensors 28a and 28b are both higher than the optimal inlet pressure requirement, while the pressures of the other gas storage modules are lower than the optimal inlet pressure requirement, the main energy release valve 16, the gas storage cluster regulating valve 4, the gas storage module regulating valve 5a, and the gas storage module regulating valve 5b can be opened. Air from gas storage devices 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d begins to release gas into the expander, and the opening of gas storage module regulating valves 5a and 5b is adjusted so that the pressures displayed by pressure sensors 28a and 28b are slightly higher than the optimal inlet pressure of the expander. When the pressures displayed by pressure sensors 28a and 28b are lower than the optimal inlet pressure of the expander, a gas storage module close to the optimal inlet pressure requirement is selected, the regulating valve of that gas storage module is opened, and the opening of the regulating valve is adjusted, while the pressure displayed by the pressure sensor of that gas storage module is monitored. When the pressure drops to the level of a certain gas storage module, open the regulating valve of that gas storage module and adjust the valve opening. Continue until the pressure of all gas storage modules reaches atmospheric pressure or the power grid commands that no more energy release is required.

[0055] Preferably, during the adjustment of the expansion unit inlet pressure, when multiple gas storage modules simultaneously meet the condition that the pressure is greater than or equal to the optimal inlet pressure requirement, the controller synchronously opens the regulating valves of multiple gas storage modules that meet the conditions and coordinates the adjustment of their respective openings so that the equivalent pressure of the mixed gas supply is slightly higher than the target pressure at the expander inlet, ensuring that the gas supply process has stability and redundancy margin; at the same time, the controller continuously monitors the dynamic changes of the gas flow pressure after mixing, and when the pressure value exceeds the safety upper limit or falls below the performance threshold, it automatically adjusts the combination of gas storage modules participating in the gas supply and the opening of their respective regulating valves to avoid drastic fluctuations in inlet pressure, improve the continuity of the expansion process and the operating efficiency of the expander.

[0056] Furthermore, during the tuning process for the expansion unit inlet pressure, the controller 27 comprehensively evaluates all gas storage modules that meet the minimum gas supply conditions according to a preset priority scheduling strategy. It constructs a multi-factor scheduling weight model based on factors such as the current pressure level of each module, remaining gas capacity, expected continuous venting time, and / or the total number of gas cylinder cycles. Gas storage modules with higher pressure values, longer continuous venting times, and more remaining available cycles are prioritized for participation in the energy release process. When a high-priority gas storage module is detected to be approaching the minimum venting pressure threshold, the status of subsequent candidate modules is evaluated in advance, and soft-switching control logic is executed, achieving dynamic switching of the gas supply path while ensuring a smooth gas flow transition. This strategy effectively extends the single energy release cycle, reduces the frequency of adjustments during system operation, reduces mechanical wear and controller load fluctuations caused by frequent valve opening and closing, and improves overall operational stability and lifespan.

[0057] Preferably, each of the wound gas cylinder storage devices in this invention is made of high-strength fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material and is formed using circumferential and axial high-strength fiber winding technology. The rated working pressure of the cylinder is not less than 30MPa. It is equipped with an internal safety pressure relief device and an external mechanical support frame and quick-change connector. Individual gas cylinders can be flexibly replaced without affecting the overall operation of the system, so as to ensure the safety of high-pressure gas storage and the convenience of system maintenance.

[0058] Furthermore, the gas storage array unit in this invention adopts a modular design. The number of wound gas cylinder storage devices included in each gas storage module can be flexibly configured according to the system capacity requirements. The gas storage modules are connected through standardized pipeline interfaces and valves, which facilitates the phased expansion of the gas storage scale. The gas storage array supports online addition and removal of gas storage modules, and the capacity adjustment can be completed without stopping the system. Each gas storage module is equipped with an independent safety valve, pressure relief valve, and maintenance valve to ensure that the failure of a single module will not affect the normal operation of the entire gas storage array. The modular design also facilitates the regular inspection, maintenance, and replacement of gas storage devices, improving the maintainability and operational reliability of the system, while reducing the total life cycle maintenance cost.

[0059] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, during different operating stages of compression energy storage and expansion energy release, the heat exchange unit achieves closed-loop thermal circulation of the heat transfer medium between the cold storage tank 24, the heat storage tank 20, the intercoolers 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, and the heaters 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d through the interlocking switching of the ambient temperature pump 26 and the high temperature pump 22 and their corresponding shut-off valves 25 and 21. This includes: during the compression energy storage stage, the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 is open, the high temperature pump shut-off valve 21 is closed, and the heat transfer medium in the cold storage tank 24... The ambient temperature heat transfer medium is pressurized by the ambient temperature pump 26 and then diverted into each intercooler. After absorbing the heat from the compressed air, it flows into the heat storage tank 20. During the expansion and energy release phase, the high temperature pump shut-off valve 21 is opened and the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 is closed. The high temperature heat transfer medium in the heat storage tank 20 is pressurized by the high temperature pump and then diverted into each heater. After releasing heat, it flows into the cold storage tank 24. The entire heat exchange process is automatically switched under the coordinated control of the controller, realizing the separation and storage of compressed heat and its release on demand, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency and controllability of the system's heat and cold management.

[0060] Preferably, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange unit is a heat transfer fluid with good thermal properties, such as water or heat transfer oil. This heat transfer medium circulates between the heat storage tank 20 and the cold storage tank 24 to achieve efficient heat transfer and storage. The heat storage tank 20 and the cold storage tank 24 are preferably equipped with insulation layers and temperature sensors to monitor and maintain the medium temperature. Both the ambient temperature pump 26 and the high temperature pump 22 adopt a variable frequency speed control design to automatically adjust the flow rate according to the system load requirements, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the heat exchange system. The intercoolers and heaters at each stage adopt a high-efficiency heat exchanger design with a large heat exchange area and good heat transfer performance, ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the compressed air and the heat transfer medium, and achieving effective decoupling of thermal energy and pressure energy.

[0061] Preferably, the heat storage tank 20 and the cold storage tank 24 are equipped with a liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor, respectively. The controller 27 uses the data collected by the liquid level sensor and the temperature sensor to realize real-time interlocked control of the flow state of the heat transfer medium. When the liquid level in the cold storage tank 24 is lower than the preset minimum liquid level threshold or the temperature exceeds the allowable upper limit, the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve 25 is closed and the ambient temperature pump 26 is stopped to prevent the heat transfer medium circuit of the intercooler from running dry or overheating. When the liquid level in the heat storage tank 20 is lower than the set safety lower limit or the liquid temperature is lower than the effective heating threshold, the high temperature pump shut-off valve 21 is closed and the high temperature pump 22 is stopped to prevent insufficient heating of the expansion air or thermal shock damage to the equipment. In addition, the controller 27 is also equipped with a liquid level difference closed-loop regulation function to establish a dynamic balance model of the heat transfer medium between the two tanks. By adjusting the heat transfer liquid circulation rate, the pump start-stop frequency and the matching relationship of heat exchange power, the system can achieve stable operation and dynamic self-recovery management of the heat transfer medium.

[0062] Example 2: Control Method for Compressed Air Energy Storage System

[0063] Building upon the compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array described in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 further elaborates on the system's control method. The aim is to achieve efficient, stable, and safe operation of the energy storage system through precise control strategies. This control method encompasses key steps such as system initialization, sequential gas storage and pressure setting during the energy storage phase, sequential gas release and pressure setting during the energy release phase, real-time monitoring and anomaly handling, and system shutdown and safety protection. Through the synergistic effect of these steps, optimized control of the compressed air energy storage system is achieved under different operating modes. The following will combine... Figure 2 The flowchart shown below provides a detailed description of the control method for the compressed air energy storage system of the present invention.

[0064] SS1. System Initialization and Status Detection:

[0065] After the controller starts, it first closes all main energy storage valves, main energy release valves, gas cluster regulating valves, and gas module regulating valves in the gas storage array unit to ensure initial isolation of the gas storage path. Then, the controller uses pressure sensors corresponding to each gas storage module to collect real-time pressure data from the gas cylinder storage device to determine the current inflation level of each module. Simultaneously, the system monitors the liquid level and temperature in the thermal and cold storage tanks, using data from level and temperature sensors to determine if the heat transfer medium is under suitable operating conditions (including the minimum safe liquid level and effective heat exchange temperature range). If there is a low liquid level, abnormal temperature, or pressure imbalance, the controller interrupts the startup process and enters a protection state. Once all operating conditions are met, the controller receives a power command from the power grid dispatch center and, based on the system status, determines whether to enter "compression energy storage" or "expansion energy release" mode.

[0066] SS2. Sequential gas storage and pressure setting in the energy storage phase:

[0067] In compression energy storage mode, the controller activates the compression unit, starting a multi-stage compressor to compress air. Simultaneously, the ambient temperature pump is activated while the high-temperature pump is shut down, allowing the heat transfer medium to flow through the intercooler and exchange heat with the high-temperature compressed air, transferring the heat to the storage tank. During gas compression output, the controller sequentially opens the main energy storage shut-off valve, the target gas cluster regulating valve, and the gas storage module regulating valve according to a preset gas storage sequence, injecting compressed air into each gas storage module step by step. When the pressure of the current gas storage module reaches the set upper limit or the compressor outlet pressure rises to a range detrimental to system efficiency, the controller automatically switches to the next gas storage module and adjusts the valve opening to maintain the compression unit operating at the optimal outlet pressure. The control process is dynamically closed-loop regulated based on pressure feedback until the target gas filling capacity of the entire system is reached or the grid command terminates the process.

[0068] SS3. Sequential venting and pressure setting during the energy release phase:

[0069] In expansion and energy release mode, the controller shuts off the ambient temperature pump and starts the high-temperature pump, allowing the high-temperature heat transfer medium in the thermal storage tank to flow into each stage of the heaters, preheating the high-pressure air entering the expander and improving its energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, the main energy release shut-off valve is opened, and one or more gas storage modules are selected to participate in the energy release path based on real-time pressure and system power requirements. If multiple gas storage modules simultaneously meet the release conditions, the controller comprehensively adjusts the opening of the selected module's regulating valve and its corresponding gas storage cluster's regulating valve based on the inlet pressure setpoint, ensuring that the mixed airflow pressure at the expander inlet is slightly higher than the optimal operating value, thus ensuring expansion efficiency and system stability. When the pressure of the currently participating module drops below the lower limit, the controller automatically switches to the next candidate module to take over energy release until the system's venting target is met or the grid command terminates the process.

[0070] SS4. Real-time monitoring and anomaly handling:

[0071] During energy storage or release, the controller continuously monitors pressure changes in each gas storage module via pressure sensors, detects temperature and liquid level signals in the heat exchange unit, and adjusts valve openings, equipment operating parameters, and switching timing in real time based on the monitoring data. For example, if abnormal pressure fluctuations are detected in a single gas storage module, the controller can isolate that module and switch to a backup path. When abnormal operating conditions or equipment failures are detected, the controller immediately executes an emergency response, including closing relevant valves and equipment, activating safety pressure relief devices, and recording event logs for subsequent analysis. Simultaneously, the system enters a degraded operation mode, utilizing redundant gas storage clusters to maintain basic functions, ensuring overall safety and minimizing the impact of interruptions.

[0072] SS5. System Shutdown and Security Protection:

[0073] After completing the energy storage or release task, the controller safely shuts down the system according to a preset shutdown procedure: first, all control valves of the gas storage array are closed, the compressor or expander stops operating, then the motor or generator is shut down, and finally, the pumps in the heat exchange system are stopped. During shutdown, the controller ensures that the heat transfer medium in the thermal and cold storage tanks is in a safe state (e.g., by preventing thermal stress through temperature equalization control), and each gas storage module remains sealed to prevent gas leakage. After the system enters standby mode, the controller continues to monitor key parameters, such as gas pressure, temperature changes, and equipment status, and triggers protection mechanisms when potential risks are detected to ensure system safety and be ready to respond to the next grid command.

[0074] The objectives of this invention have been fully and effectively achieved through the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments described above. Although the invention has been described with reference to what is currently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array, characterized in that, include: A compression unit, including an electric motor and a multi-stage compressor connected to it; An expansion unit includes a generator and a multi-stage expander connected to it via a drive; A heat exchange unit includes intercoolers installed on the exhaust pipelines of each stage of compressors, heaters installed on the inlet pipelines of each stage of expanders, a heat storage tank, and a cold storage tank. Specifically: the cold-side outlets of each stage of intercoolers are connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank via a manifold; the outlet of the cold storage tank is connected to the cold-side inlet of each stage of intercoolers via a branch line after passing through a normal temperature pump shut-off valve and a normal temperature pump; the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the hot-side inlet of each stage of heaters via a branch line after passing through a high temperature pump shut-off valve and a high temperature pump; and the hot-side outlet of each stage of heaters is connected to the inlet of the cold storage tank via a manifold. A gas storage array unit includes an energy storage main shut-off valve, an energy release main shut-off valve, multiple gas storage clusters and multiple corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valves. Each gas storage cluster includes multiple gas storage modules, and each gas storage module includes multiple wound gas cylinder storage devices. The energy storage main shut-off valve is installed on the main exhaust pipeline of the compression unit, and the energy release main shut-off valve is installed on the main intake pipeline of the expansion unit. Each gas storage cluster is connected to the outlet of the energy storage main shut-off valve and the inlet of the energy release main shut-off valve through its corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve, and is connected to the corresponding gas storage module through several branch pipelines equipped with gas storage module regulating valves, and is further connected to the wound gas cylinder storage devices in each gas storage module through branch pipelines. A gas storage array control unit includes a controller and multiple pressure sensors. Each pressure sensor is installed on the branch line of each gas storage module. The controller is connected to each pressure sensor and each control valve. It is used to change the opening and closing state of the main shut-off valve for energy storage and the main shut-off valve for energy release according to pressure monitoring data and preset control strategies, and to adjust the opening degree of the regulating valves of each gas storage cluster and the regulating valves of the gas storage module, so as to realize the sequential gas storage and release of the gas storage array unit, as well as the setting of the outlet pressure of the compression unit and the inlet pressure of the expansion unit.

2. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sequential gas storage function of the gas storage array control unit is achieved through the following methods: At the start of gas storage, all valves in the gas storage array are closed. The controller, according to a preset control strategy, first opens the main energy storage shut-off valve, the first gas storage cluster regulating valve, and the first gas storage module regulating valve, allowing high-pressure air to enter the gas storage devices of each wound gas cylinder in the first gas storage module. When the pressure of the first gas storage module reaches the preset filling pressure threshold, its gas storage module regulating valve is closed and the second gas storage module regulating valve is opened, allowing the high-pressure air to be diverted to the second gas storage module for continued filling. This process continues until all gas storage modules in the current gas storage cluster are filled in sequence. Then, the regulating valve of the current gas storage cluster is closed and the regulating valve of the next gas storage cluster is opened, continuing to fill the gas storage modules in the next gas storage cluster in sequence. This continues until all gas storage modules in all gas storage clusters in the entire gas storage array are filled in sequence, at which point the main energy storage shut-off valve is closed.

3. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sequential venting function of the gas storage array control unit is achieved through the following methods: When venting begins, all valves in the gas storage array are closed. The controller, according to a preset control strategy, first opens the main energy release shut-off valve, the first gas storage cluster regulating valve, and the first gas storage module regulating valve, allowing the high-pressure air from each wound gas cylinder storage device in the first gas storage module to be released into the expansion unit. When the pressure of the first gas storage module drops to the preset venting pressure threshold, its gas storage module regulating valve is closed and the second gas storage module regulating valve is opened, allowing the second gas storage module to begin venting. This process continues until all gas storage modules in the current gas storage cluster have been vented in sequence. Then, the regulating valve of the current gas storage cluster is closed and the regulating valve of the next gas storage cluster is opened, continuing to vent each gas storage module in the next gas storage cluster in sequence, until all gas storage modules in all gas storage clusters in the entire gas storage array have been vented in sequence, at which point the main energy release shut-off valve is closed.

4. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gas storage array control unit achieves its function of adjusting the outlet pressure of the compression unit in the following way: During the compression and energy storage phase, the controller obtains the current operating power and flow requirements of the compression unit based on the real-time received grid commands and energy storage system operation strategy, and determines the optimal outlet pressure condition of the compressor accordingly; For the gas storage cluster currently being filled, the controller simultaneously adjusts the opening of the gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve, and monitors the pressure value displayed by the corresponding pressure sensor. When the pressure required for the optimal operating outlet of the compressor is lower than the pressure displayed by the current pressure sensor, or when the pressure displayed by the current pressure sensor reaches the maximum rated pressure of the winding gas cylinder, the controller automatically switches to the next gas storage module, and adjusts the opening of the corresponding valve in real time according to the new pressure sensor data and the current required flow condition of the compressor, to ensure that the compressor always operates in a high-efficiency state.

5. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The gas storage array control unit achieves its function of adjusting the inlet pressure of the expansion unit in the following way: During the expansion and energy release phase, the controller obtains the current operating power and flow requirements of the expansion unit based on the real-time received grid commands and energy storage system operation strategy, and determines the optimal inlet pressure condition of the expander accordingly. The controller first compares the real-time pressure monitoring values ​​of each gas storage module, prioritizes one or more gas storage modules with pressure values ​​higher than the optimal inlet pressure, opens the corresponding gas storage module regulating valve, and simultaneously adjusts the opening of the corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve to match the air pressure entering the expansion unit with the optimal inlet pressure. When the pressure of the opened gas storage module drops below the optimal inlet pressure, it switches to other gas storage modules that still meet the pressure conditions in real time, and readjusts the opening of each regulating valve to maintain a stable gas supply pressure. If the pressure of all gas storage modules is lower than the optimal inlet pressure, according to the preset tolerance strategy, the gas storage module with the pressure closest to the inlet pressure requirement is selected in sequence, gradually connected to the energy release path, and the valve opening is adjusted to ensure that the entire expansion unit always operates in a high-efficiency state.

6. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 5, characterized in that, During the expansion inlet pressure setting process, when multiple gas storage modules simultaneously meet the condition that the pressure is greater than or equal to the optimal inlet pressure requirement, the controller synchronously opens the regulating valves of multiple gas storage modules that meet the conditions and coordinates their respective openings to make the equivalent pressure of the mixed gas supply slightly higher than the target pressure at the expander inlet, ensuring that the gas supply process has stability and redundancy margin. At the same time, the controller continuously monitors the dynamic changes in the gas flow pressure after mixing. When the pressure value exceeds the safety upper limit or falls below the performance threshold, the controller automatically adjusts the combination of gas storage modules participating in the gas supply and the opening of their respective regulating valves to avoid drastic fluctuations in the inlet pressure.

7. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the expansion inlet pressure setting process, the controller comprehensively evaluates all gas storage modules that meet the minimum gas supply conditions according to the preset priority scheduling strategy. It also constructs a multi-factor scheduling weight model based on the current pressure level of each module, the remaining gas capacity, the expected continuous gas release time, and / or the total number of gas cylinder cycles. Priority is given to scheduling gas storage modules with higher pressure values, longer continuous gas release time, and more remaining available cycles to participate in the energy release process. When it is detected that a high-priority gas storage module is close to the minimum gas release pressure threshold, the status of subsequent scheduling candidate modules is evaluated in advance and soft switching control logic is executed to achieve dynamic succession of the gas supply path while ensuring a smooth gas flow transition.

8. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas cylinder storage device is made of high-strength fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material and is formed using circumferential and axial high-strength fiber winding technology. It is equipped with an internal safety pressure relief device and an external mechanical support frame and quick-change connector, which can flexibly replace individual gas cylinders without affecting the overall operation of the system.

9. The compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array according to claim 1, characterized in that, During different operating phases of compression energy storage and expansion energy release, the heat exchange unit switches between the ambient temperature pump and the high temperature pump and their corresponding shut-off valves via interlocking. This includes: during the compression energy storage phase, the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve is open and the high temperature pump shut-off valve is closed. The ambient temperature heat transfer medium in the cold storage tank is pressurized by the ambient temperature pump and then diverted into each intercooler. After absorbing the heat from the compressed air, it flows back to the heat storage tank. During the expansion energy release phase, the high temperature pump shut-off valve is open and the ambient temperature pump shut-off valve is closed. The high temperature heat transfer medium in the heat storage tank is pressurized by the high temperature pump and then diverted into each heater. After releasing heat, it flows back to the cold storage tank.

10. A control method for a compressed air energy storage system, based on the compressed air energy storage system utilizing a wound gas cylinder storage array as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After the SS1 controller is started, it first closes all control valves of the gas storage array unit and monitors the current pressure status of the gas storage device with wound gas cylinders in each gas storage module in real time through each pressure sensor. At the same time, it detects the liquid level and temperature status of the thermal storage tank and the cold storage tank. After completing the status detection, the controller receives the grid command to determine whether to enter the energy storage or energy release mode. SS2. After entering the energy storage mode, the multi-stage compressor is started to compress air; at the same time, the ambient temperature pump is turned on and the high temperature pump is turned off, so that the ambient temperature heat transfer medium in the cold storage tank flows through the intercoolers of each stage and then into the heat storage tank; and according to the preset gas storage sequence, the main shut-off valve of energy storage, the target gas storage cluster regulating valve and the gas storage module regulating valve are opened in sequence to inject compressed air into each gas storage module step by step. When the pressure of a gas storage module reaches the set upper limit, it automatically switches to the next gas storage module and adjusts the valve opening. SS3. In expansion and energy release mode, the controller shuts off the ambient temperature pump and turns on the high temperature pump, so that the high temperature heat transfer medium in the heat storage tank flows through the heaters of each stage and then into the cold storage tank; at the same time, the main energy release shut-off valve is opened, and one or more gas storage modules are selected to participate in the energy release path according to the real-time pressure and system power requirements. If multiple gas storage modules meet the gas release conditions at the same time, the opening of the selected module regulating valve and its corresponding gas storage cluster regulating valve is comprehensively adjusted according to the inlet pressure set value, so that the mixed airflow pressure at the inlet of the expander is slightly higher than the optimal operating value. When the pressure of a gas storage module drops below the lower limit value, the next candidate module is switched. SS4. During energy storage or release, continuously monitor the pressure changes of each gas storage module, detect the temperature and liquid level signals of the heat exchange unit, and adjust the valve opening, equipment operating parameters and switching timing in real time based on the monitoring data. When abnormal operating conditions or equipment failures are detected, execute emergency response. SS5. After completing the energy storage or release task, the controller safely shuts down the system according to the preset shutdown procedure, ensuring that the heat transfer medium in the thermal storage tank and cold storage tank is in a safe state and that each gas storage module remains sealed. After entering standby mode, it continues to monitor key parameters and is ready to respond to the next power grid command at any time.

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