Ecological planting and breeding method and planting and breeding system for vegetable eels

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological planting and breeding method and planting and breeding system for vegetable eels, and the method comprises the following steps: treating breeding water after breeding eels to remove residual bait with the particle size of more than 0.15 mm and eel excrement, and then treating the breeding water by sewage treatment bacteria to serve as a nutrient solution of water spinach planted and bred in a soilless culture mode; the nutrient solution is used as a water body for culturing ricefield eels again after nutrients are absorbed by the water spinach, residual baits with the particle size smaller than or equal to 0.15 mm and ricefield eel excrement are dissolved in the culture water, and the residual baits with the particle size smaller than or equal to 0.15 mm and the ricefield eel excrement are converted into nutrients needed by water spinach planting and breeding through the sewage treatment bacteria. Therefore, the culture water, the nutrient solution and the water body for culturing the ricefield eels continuously circulate, the culture sewage is finally purified into clean culture water, external water is not required to be replaced, a high-cost filtering system is not adopted, the water spinach can be harvested while the ricefield eels are harvested, and the economic benefit is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture, crop planting and ecological agriculture, and in particular to a method and system for ecological breeding of rice field eels. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of rice field eel breeding, the pond net cage rice field eel breeding mode is the mainstream mode with the largest scale and the highest yield in China, and has a history of more than thirty years. The technology is very mature, but the mode has entered a bottleneck period. The mode has the following defects: (1) a large number of ponds and a large amount of water resources are required; (2) fish meat mixed commercial rice eel feed is fed, which is high-protein food and seriously pollutes water quality; (3) a large amount of labor is required, first, the whole breeding process needs to manage water grass, and all water grass needs to be cleaned when the rice eels are caught, second, the pond net cage rice eel breeding needs to remove the residual feed at the feeding place with a special bucket every day, which consumes a huge amount of labor; (4) it is inconvenient to manage, because it is bred in a deep pond, so feeding and observation are in water, which is extremely inconvenient; (5) the yield per mu is not high, about 500 kg of seedlings are put per mu, and the yield is only 1000 kg; (6) the resistance to bad weather is not strong, the rice eels need high temperature, and need stable weather, if it rains during the stress period after the rice eels are put, the mortality is heavy.

[0003] Later, people invented a greenhouse factory breeding mode, which is divided into two breeding ways, one is to build a water pool in the greenhouse, hang a net cage in the water pool, and put rice eel nests in the net cage. This mode requires high quality rice eel seedlings, because the rice eel nests are deep, which goes against the physiological characteristics of the rice eel shallow water, and a large number of deaths will occur if the quality of the rice eel seedlings is slightly poor; the rice eel seedlings are preferably subjected to high-temperature seedling training, which increases the cost in an invisible way. The other is to build a pool in the greenhouse, hang a net cage in the pool, and breed the rice eels by planting water grass in the net cage. This mode is difficult to manage due to the high temperature in the greenhouse, and the water grass is prone to root rot and water damage, which leads to the disease of the rice eels. Moreover, both modes need to solve the problem of residual feed and feces remaining in the breeding pool, which is generally solved by two methods: 1. replacing water with external water, but the external water resource is relatively scarce and the conditions are limited; 2. using a high-cost filtration system with high investment cost.

[0004] Therefore, the person skilled in the art is committed to developing a rice eel ecological breeding method and system without external water replacement and with low investment cost. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a rice eel ecological breeding method and system without external water replacement and with low investment cost.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application provides an ecological breeding method of vegetable and eel, which comprises the following steps: removing residual bait and eel feces with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm after breeding eel, removing the residual bait and eel feces with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm from the breeding water, treating the breeding water from which the residual bait and eel feces with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm are removed by sewage treatment bacteria to serve as a nutrient solution for the cultivation of water spinach by soilless cultivation, reusing the nutrient solution after the water spinach absorbs the nutrients to serve as the water for breeding eel, dissolving the residual bait and eel feces with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm in the breeding water, and converting the residual bait and eel feces with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm by the sewage treatment bacteria into the nutrients required for the cultivation of water spinach.

[0007] Further, the sewage treatment bacteria are nitrifying bacteria.

[0008] Further, the root system of the water spinach is fixed on a filter reaction substrate, and the sewage treatment bacteria are placed in the filter reaction substrate.

[0009] Further, the filter reaction substrate is an inorganic porous substrate, and the inorganic porous substrate is a combination of one or more of bricks, flowerpots, old fishing nets, old sunshade nets, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, ceramic balls, gravel, and sponge soil.

[0010] Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Water conditioning and water spinach planting: adjusting the water temperature and bacterial flora in the eel breeding container to ensure that the water temperature in the eel breeding container is 33±1℃ and the bacterial flora is the natural flora in the breeding area, planting water spinach seedlings on the filter reaction substrate, and starting the circulation of the breeding water, the nutrient solution, and the water for breeding eel;

[0012] S2. Eel stocking and training: selecting eel fry with a body weight of less than or equal to 50 g and placing them in the eel breeding container, using one of red worms, earthworms, and live fish as the food for training eel, feeding the eel with 2% of the body weight of the eel for the first meal, then gradually increasing the amount to 7%, then gradually reducing the amount of food for training, increasing fish paste, and finally using only fish paste for training;

[0013] S3. Eel feeding: feeding fish paste and eel feed, and adding eel feed in a gradual process, starting with a weight ratio of 4:1 between fish paste and eel feed, then gradually reducing the ratio, and finally using a ratio of 1:1 between fish paste and eel feed;

[0014] S4. Eel harvesting and water spinach harvesting: harvesting the eel and water spinach when they are mature.

[0015] Further, after step S2, the water is conditioned by regularly spraying compound bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and brown sugar according to the state of the water until the eel is harvested.

[0016] The application also provides an ecological species breeding system of vegetable and eel, which comprises a greenhouse and an eel breeding pond under the greenhouse, further comprises a sewage collecting pond, a filtering pond and a water purification pond which are sequentially connected under the greenhouse, the filtering pond is provided with a filtering reaction substrate, the filtering reaction substrate is planted with swamp cabbage, the eel breeding pond is used for breeding eels, the lower end of the eel breeding pond is provided with a water outlet pipe, the outlet of the water outlet pipe is connected with the sewage collecting pond, the sewage collecting pond is located above the filtering pond, the water outlet of the sewage collecting pond is connected with the inlet of the filtering pond, the outlet of the filtering pond is communicated with the inlet of the water purification pond, and the water purification pond is provided with a water pump, and the outlet of the water pump is provided with a backwater pipe connected with the eel breeding pond.

[0017] Further, the upper end of the sewage collecting pond is provided with a sewage collecting basket, the bottom of the sewage collecting pond is provided with a closable sewage outlet, and the water outlet of the sewage collecting pond is located on one side and connected with a drain pipe.

[0018] Further, the water outlet pipe extends upward after being led out of the eel breeding pond, the pipe opening height of the water outlet pipe is lower than the liquid surface height of the water body in the eel breeding pond, and the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe is sleeved on the upper end of a collecting pipe.

[0019] Further, the sewage collecting pond is in the shape of a funnel with the upper end being larger and the lower end being smaller.

[0020] The ecological species breeding method and system of vegetable and eel can treat the breeding water after breeding eels to remove residual baits and eel feces with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm, and then the treated water is used as the nutrient solution for the swamp cabbage cultivated in a soilless way, the nutrient solution is absorbed by the swamp cabbage and then is used as the water body for breeding eels again, the residual baits and eel feces with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm are dissolved in the breeding water, the sewage treatment bacteria convert the residual baits and eel feces with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm into the nutrients required for the cultivation of the swamp cabbage, the breeding water, the nutrient solution and the water body for breeding eels are continuously circulated, the breeding sewage is finally purified into clean breeding water, no external water is used for water change, no high-cost filtering system is used, the swamp cabbage can be harvested at the same time when the eels are harvested, and the economic benefit is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of the ecological species breeding system of vegetable and eel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not intended to limit the present application.

[0023] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps of any methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except where such combinations are mutually exclusive, and are not limited to the combinations explicitly stated herein, unless specifically stated otherwise, and any one of the features may be replaced by an equivalent or analogous feature having the same function, unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0024] The ecological species breeding system of the eel and the water spinach according to the embodiment 1 comprises a greenhouse and an eel breeding pond 1 located under the greenhouse, further comprises a collecting pool 2, a filtering pool 3 and a clean water pool 4 which are connected in sequence under the greenhouse, the filtering pool 3 is provided with a filtering reaction substrate 5, the filtering reaction substrate 5 is planted with the water spinach, the eel breeding pond 1 is used to breed the eels, the lower end of the eel breeding pond 1 is provided with a water outlet pipe 7, the outlet of the water outlet pipe 7 is connected with the collecting pool 2, the collecting pool 2 is located above the filtering pool 3, the water outlet of the collecting pool 2 is connected with the inlet of the filtering pool 3, the outlet of the filtering pool 3 is communicated with the inlet of the clean water pool 4, the clean water pool 4 is provided with a water pump 8, the outlet of the water pump 8 is provided with a backwater pipe 9 which is connected with the eel breeding pond 1, the outlet of the backwater pipe 9 is provided with a valve 13 which is used to control the flow rate and flow of the water flow.

[0025] The root system of the water spinach is fixed on a filtering reaction substrate, and the sewage treatment bacteria are placed in the filtering reaction substrate. The filtering reaction substrate is an inorganic porous substrate, and the inorganic porous substrate is a combination of one or more of bricks, flowerpots, old fishing nets, old sunshade nets, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, ceramic balls, gravel and sponge soil. Such inorganic porous substrate does not pollute the water body, greatly reduces the cost, and has very good actual effect.

[0026] The collecting pool is funnel-shaped with the upper end larger than the lower end, the upper end of the collecting pool 2 is provided with a collecting basket 10, the bottom of the collecting pool 2 is provided with a closable sewage discharge port 11, the collecting pool 2 is conical, which ensures that the residual bait and eel feces of small particles can be naturally collected on the sewage discharge port 11 at the bottom of the collecting pool 2, and the water outlet of the collecting pool 2 is located on one side and connected with a drain pipe 12.

[0027] The water outlet pipe 7 extends upward after being led out from the eel breeding pond 1, the pipe opening height of the water outlet pipe 7 is lower than the liquid level height of the water body in the eel breeding pond 1, the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe 7 is sleeved on the upper end of a collecting pipe 6, and the lower end of the collecting pipe 6 is connected with the inlet of the filtering pool 3.

[0028] The filter tank 3 is dug 50-70 cm deep, and the excavated earth is used to raise the eel culture tank 1, forming a natural height difference. The main material of the eel culture tank 1 is preferably a heat-insulating material, such as a foam box or a foam board. Plastic boxes or impermeable membranes can also be used as construction materials. The area of the eel culture tank 1 can be 0.25-1.5 square meters. 10-25 eel culture tanks 1 form a group, and each eel culture tank 1 is equipped with a separate drain, which is connected in parallel with a PVC pipe and then connected to a main return pipe, and finally connected to the filter tank 3.

[0029] The working principle of this system is as follows: during eel culture, the eels are cultured in the eel culture tank 1. The culture water in the eel culture tank 1 flows through the sewage collection tank 2, the filter tank 3, and the water purification tank 4 due to gravity, and finally returns to the eel culture tank 1 due to the action of the water pump 8. In this process, the wastewater containing residual feed and feces in the eel culture tank 1 flows through the outlet pipe 7 to the sewage collection tank, where the microfilter or sewage basket 10 intercepts residual feed and feces with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm. Particles slightly smaller than 0.15 mm are still greater than 0.15 mm and are intermittently discharged through the sealable sewage outlet 11 of the sewage collection tank. This filtering method intercepts 95% of the residual feed and feces, greatly reducing the conversion pressure of nitrifying bacteria and laying a solid foundation for high-density culture. The remaining dissolved residual feed and feces and water enter the filter reaction substrate 5 in the filter tank 3, where they are decomposed and converted into nitrate by the nitrifying bacteria in the nitrification system on the filter reaction substrate 5, which is absorbed by the water spinach. The wastewater is finally purified into clean water by the water pump 8 and pumped back into the eel culture tank 1, and this cycle is repeated.

[0030] Example 2, a method for ecological breeding of eels and water spinach, uses the eel and water spinach ecological breeding system of example 1 to culture eels and plant water spinach, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] S1. Water adjustment and water spinach planting: adjust the water temperature and bacterial population in the eel culture container to ensure that the water temperature in the eel culture container is 33±1℃, and the bacterial population is the natural bacterial population in the local culture area. Plant water spinach seedlings on the filter reaction substrate, and start the circulation of the culture water, nutrient solution, and water body of the cultured eels, i.e., the eels are cultured in the eel culture tank 1, and the culture water in the eel culture tank 1 flows through the sewage collection tank 2, the filter tank 3, and the water purification tank 4 due to gravity. The culture water is converted into a nutrient solution containing nitrate after being treated by nitrifying bacteria, and the nutrient solution is reconverted into a water body for eel culture after absorbing the nitrate and other nutrients by the water spinach. Finally, the water body is returned to the eel culture tank 1 by the action of the water pump 8.

[0033] The eel is a poikilothermic animal, and its metabolism is most vigorous when the water temperature is about 33°C. The stress resistance is the strongest. Therefore, the eel is generally released in water with a temperature of about 33°C. It is best to have a continuous four or five days of fine weather, and the water temperature should be stable.

[0034] The eel is sensitive to chemical substances, disinfectants, pesticides, and salt. Disinfection will increase the stress of the eel and reduce the survival rate. However, Vitamin C can be sprayed to prevent stress. Since ordinary Vitamin C loses its effectiveness quickly in water, high-stability Vitamin C should be selected.

[0035] S2. Eel releasing and training: eels with a body weight of less than 50 g are selected and released into an eel breeding container. The eel training food is one of red silk worms, earthworms, and live fish. The first meal is 2% of the body weight of the eel, and then gradually increased to 7%. At this time, the training food is gradually reduced, and fish paste is increased until the training is completed. In this embodiment, the fish paste is fish meat paste processed by oneself.

[0036] During this process, the eel fry must be separated by size to avoid killing during breeding. The eel fry is preferably wild fry caught on the same day, which has low stress and high survival rate.

[0037] According to experiments, the method and system can release 30-40 kg of eel fry per square meter, which is far superior to the existing breeding density. The release time is from the end of June to August. If the eel fry is released at the end of June or the beginning of July, it can be marketed this year. If the eel fry is released in July or August, it will be marketed next year.

[0038] S3. Eel feeding: fish paste and eel feed are fed, and the eel feed is added in a gradual process. The weight ratio of fish paste to eel feed is 4:1 at the beginning, and then the ratio is gradually reduced until the ratio of fish paste to eel feed is 1:1. The feeding principle is generally to feed seven-tenths full. In addition, the digestion function of the eel is closely related to the water temperature. When the water temperature is high, the digestion function is vigorous, and more food can be fed. When the water temperature is higher than 33°C, the water temperature should be reduced. When the water temperature is low, the digestion function is reduced, and less food should be fed. When the water temperature is lower than 20°C, feeding should be stopped. In this embodiment, the eel feed is Jia Sheng eel breeding special granular feed No. 1 produced by Xiamen Jiakang Feed Co., Ltd.

[0039] S4. Eel harvesting and water spinach harvesting: the eel and water spinach can be harvested when they are mature.

[0040] After step S2, the water is adjusted by regularly spraying compound bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and brown sugar according to the water state until the eel is harvested. This is a common technology for eel breeding, and will not be described here.

[0041] The principle of the disease prevention of the rice field eel is different, and the disease of the rice field eel is different in different stages. The prevention is also different. For the release period: the prevention of stress is mainly used, stress is not a disease, but it is the main reason for the death of the fry during the release, and we also regard it as a disease to prevent. Therefore, we must respect the physiological characteristics of the rice field eel, create a comfortable environment for the rice field eel, and spray the stress prevention drug: high stable VC. In addition, the reason for stress is the change of the environment, so the whole release process must be based on the principle of stable environment.

[0042] For the training period: the prevention of enteritis is mainly used in the training period. In the training period, the type, amount and feeding frequency of the food of the rice field eel are greatly changed, so the rice field eel is prone to enteritis. A gradual adaptation process is given to the rice field eel. The drug for preventing enteritis, such as allicin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, etc. (select one) is also given. The treatment course is three to five days.

[0043] After the training is over, the formal feeding period starts, and the rice field eel feed is added. The protein content of the rice field eel feed is generally about 43%, which belongs to high-protein feed, and is equivalent to large fish and meat for the rice field eel. Therefore, the formal feeding period is mainly used for liver protection and enteritis prevention. The drugs for liver protection and enteritis prevention are bile acid, liver and gallbladder, three yellow, five yellow, etc. The drugs for preventing enteritis are allicin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, etc.

[0044] Through experiments, the method and system can release 30-40 pounds per square meter, which is far more than the breeding density of the prior art.

[0045] The above detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes without creative labor according to the concept of the present application. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiment on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present application shall be within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological farming of moray eels, characterized in that: The water after breeding the rice field eel is treated to remove the residual bait and the rice field eel excrement with a particle size greater than 0.15 mm, and then the water is treated by sewage treatment bacteria to serve as the nutrient solution for the water spinach cultivated by the soilless cultivation method, the nutrient solution is absorbed by the water spinach to remove the nutrients, and then the nutrient solution is used as the water for breeding the rice field eel again, the residual bait and the rice field eel excrement with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm are dissolved in the water, and the sewage treatment bacteria convert the residual bait and the rice field eel excrement with a particle size less than or equal to 0.15 mm into the nutrients required for the water spinach cultivation.

2. The method for eel and snakehead ecological breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sewage treatment bacteria are nitrifying bacteria.

3. The ecological farming method for moray eels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The root system of the water spinach is fixed on a filter reaction substrate, and the sewage treatment bacteria are placed in the filter reaction substrate.

4. The method for ecological farming of moray eels as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The filter reaction substrate is an inorganic porous substrate, and the inorganic porous substrate is a combination of one or more of bricks, flowerpots, old fishing nets, old sunshade nets, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, ceramic balls, gravel and spongy soil.

5. The ecological farming method for moray eels as described in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Water conditioning and water spinach planting: adjusting the water temperature and the bacterial flora in the rice field eel breeding container to ensure that the water temperature in the rice field eel breeding container is 33±1℃, the bacterial flora is the natural bacterial flora in the breeding area, and water spinach seedlings are planted on the filter reaction substrate, and the circulation of the breeding water, the nutrient solution and the water for breeding the rice field eel is started; S2. Rice field eel stocking and training: selecting the rice field eel fry with a body weight less than 50 g and putting the rice field eel fry into the rice field eel breeding container, the food for training the rice field eel is one of red worms, earthworms and live fish, the first meal is 2% of the body weight of the rice field eel, and then the feeding amount is gradually increased to 7%, at this time, the feeding amount of the food for training the rice field eel is gradually reduced, and fish paste is added until the training is completed; S3. Rice field eel feeding: feeding fish paste and rice field eel feed, and the addition of the rice field eel feed follows a gradual process, the weight ratio of the fish paste to the rice field eel feed is 4:1 at the beginning, and then the ratio is gradually reduced until the ratio of the fish paste to the rice field eel feed is 1:1; S4. Harvesting of the rice field eel and the water spinach: the rice field eel and the water spinach are harvested when they are matured.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the eel is an eel of the species Anguilla japonica.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the eel is an eel of the species Anguilla japonica. After step S2, the water is conditioned by regularly spraying compound bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and brown sugar according to the state of the water until the rice field eel is harvested.

7. A kind of menu eel ecological species breeding system, including greenhouse and the under greenhouse yellow eel breeding pond (1), it is characterized by: The method further comprises a sewage collection tank (2), a filter tank (3) and a clean water tank (4) which are sequentially connected under a greenhouse, the filter tank (3) is provided with a filter reaction substrate (5), the filter reaction substrate (5) is planted with water spinach, the rice field eel breeding tank (1) is provided with a water outlet pipe (7) at the lower end, the outlet of the water outlet pipe (7) is connected with the sewage collection tank (2), the sewage collection tank (2) is located above the filter tank (3), the water outlet of the sewage collection tank (2) is connected with the inlet of the filter tank (3), the outlet of the filter tank (3) is communicated with the inlet of the clean water tank (4), the clean water tank (4) is provided with a water pump (8), and the outlet of the water pump (8) is provided with a water return pipe (9) which is connected with the rice field eel breeding tank (1).

8. The eel-based ecological species farming system according to claim 7, wherein: The upper end of the collecting tank (2) is provided with a collecting basket (10), the bottom of the collecting tank (2) is provided with a closable sewage outlet (11), the water outlet of the collecting tank (2) is located on one side and is connected with a drain pipe (12).

9. The eel and snake ecological species cultivation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water outlet pipe (7) extends upwards after being led out of the eel culture pond (1), the height of the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe (7) is lower than the liquid level height of the water body in the eel culture pond (1), the pipe opening of the water outlet pipe (7) is sleeved on the upper end of a collecting pipe (6), and the lower end of the collecting pipe (6) is connected with the inlet of the filter tank (3).

10. The eel-based ecological species farming system according to claim 8, wherein: The shape of the collecting tank (2) is funnel-shaped with the upper part being larger and the lower part being smaller.

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