High-stability low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, in particular to a high-stability low-power-consumption marine surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system which comprises a buoy platform composed of a split columnar buoy body and a buoy anchoring system. The buoy platform attitude monitoring system is used for monitoring the attitude of the buoy platform; the attitude correction system is used for correcting the attitude of the buoy platform; the intelligent data acquisition and transmission system is used for acquiring observation data of the air-sea flux observation system and sending the data to the shore-based data receiving station; and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module. The attitude correction system comprises a coordinate system rotation module, a shake correction module and a tilt correction module. The device can stably run in an extreme environment for a long time, and long-term continuous accurate observation of sea waves, surface ocean currents, atmospheric water vapor content, air-sea flux and the like is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, in particular to a high-stability and low-power-consumption marine surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The ocean and the atmosphere are a coupled whole. As a kind of sea-air interface fluctuation, the sea wave is an important medium for the transmission of matter and energy between the ocean and the atmosphere, and affects the flux transmission between the sea and the air. In recent years, domestic and foreign have continuously promoted the observation of the sea-air interface, and the ASIS buoy and similar platforms have been widely valued in the world, and the relevant research has shown that they are crucial to improving the research accuracy of the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere.

[0003] In scientific research and business forecasting, the buoy is a simple and effective sea-air interface observation instrument, and the sea-air flux buoy is a key equipment for studying climate change, ocean carbon cycle and weather forecast, and is specially used for measuring the exchange flux (such as heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.) of energy, momentum and matter between the ocean and the atmosphere, so the multi-dimensional and comprehensive physical parameter information provided by the sea-air buoy platform is particularly important.

[0004] At present, the stability of the buoy platform in the extreme environment has a great influence on the data of the observation equipment, compared with the traditional conventional pie-shaped meteorological buoy observation platform, the sea-air flux multi-element observation equipment in the extreme environment has higher requirements for the stability of the buoy and the reduction of wave disturbance.

[0005] The posture monitoring and data correction of the sea-air flux observation system platform have always been a problem for the buoy-based sea-air flux observation. Since the sea-air flux buoy system inevitably produces violent shaking in high sea conditions such as typhoon waves, this brings significant errors to the flux observation system installed thereon.

[0006] The ocean buoy has the ability to collect ocean data all day long and all weather long, and through interaction with the satellite, real-time acquisition and transmission of ocean data can be realized. The high-power equipment consumes a lot of energy, and it is difficult to support the long-term stable in-place work of the deep-sea buoy platform, therefore, the energy shortage problem of the deep-sea buoy platform greatly limits the deep-sea observation. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, a high-stability and low-power-consumption marine surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system is provided, which can operate stably for a long time in the extreme environment, and realize long-term and continuous accurate observation of the sea wave, surface current, atmospheric water vapor content and sea-air flux.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a highly stable and low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system, comprising a buoy platform composed of a split cylindrical buoy body and a buoy mooring system, an air-sea flux observation system mounted on the split cylindrical buoy body, a buoy platform attitude monitoring system for monitoring the attitude of the buoy platform, an attitude correction system for correcting the attitude of the buoy platform, an intelligent data acquisition and transmission system for collecting observation data from the air-sea flux observation system and sending data to a shore-based data receiving station, and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module. The attitude correction system includes a coordinate system rotation module, a sway correction module, and a tilt correction module.

[0009] The aforementioned high-stability, low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system comprises a split-cylindrical buoy body consisting of a main buoy body composed of five buoyancy chambers, connecting rods at the top of the five buoyancy chambers, and floats at the bottom of the five buoyancy chambers. A sealed chamber connected to the main buoy body via a first inclined rod is located in the middle of the main buoy body. A control chamber connected to the main buoy body via a second inclined rod is located at the top of the sealed chamber. An upper mast is located at the top of the control chamber, and a lower mast is located at the bottom of the sealed chamber. An instrument compartment and a battery compartment are located at the bottom of the lower mast. A first support rod is located at the top of the upper mast, and a second support rod is located below the first support rod. The buoy platform attitude monitoring system includes: The gas analyzer mounted on the first support pole, along with the GPS, gyroscope, electronic compass, and accelerometer adjacent to the gas analyzer, also includes a first air temperature and humidity sensor, a sea surface temperature sensor, a four-component radiation sensor, and an atmospheric pressure sensor. The four-component radiation sensor extends horizontally 2 meters beyond the first support pole, and the highest point of the first support pole is 6 meters above the average water level. The gas analyzer includes a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer. A second air temperature and humidity sensor and a wind speed and direction sensor are installed on the second support pole; the highest point of the second support pole is 3 meters above the average water level. A marine droplet flux meter is installed above the control cabin, at a height of 1.5 meters above the average water level; A single-point current meter and a wave meter are installed on the water surface and connected to the main buoy via a Dyneema rope.

[0010] The operating formula of the sway correction module in the aforementioned highly stable and low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system is as follows: ; In the formula: This represents the three-dimensional wind speed vector observed in a fixed geodetic coordinate system. The three-dimensional wind speed vector is observed by a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, where T is the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the geodetic fixed coordinate system, and M is the three-dimensional wind speed vector. paThis is the initial angular deviation matrix between the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the buoy coordinate system, i.e., the rotation matrix from the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the buoy coordinate system. The rotational angular velocity observed in the buoy coordinate system. (x0 ’ y0 ’ z0 ’ () represents the position vector of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer relative to the origin of the buoy coordinate system. This represents the velocity of the buoy's coordinate system origin relative to the fixed coordinate system origin. Shaking correction item 1 In this matrix, T represents the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the Earth coordinate system, and ψ, θ, and ... These are the azimuth, pitch, and roll angles observed by the electronic compass, respectively. It is the wind speed component output by the ultrasonic anemometer after preliminary coordinate rotation; M pa This is the rotation matrix from the ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the buoy coordinate system, i.e., the angle deviation matrix. Shaking correction item 2 middle, The angular velocity is obtained after the angular velocity value output by the gyroscope has undergone a preliminary rotational transformation; This is the position vector of the ultrasonic anemometer in the buoy coordinate system; Shaking correction item 3 This represents the translational velocity of the buoy coordinate system origin relative to the Earth coordinate system origin; ,and , ; These are the linear accelerations observed by the gyroscope. Represents a high-pass filter; The coordinate system rotation module includes: defining a geocentric inertial coordinate system, an Earth coordinate system, a geographic coordinate system, and a vehicle coordinate system, based on the yaw angle measured by an electronic compass. Pitch angle and roll angle Construct the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the geographic coordinate system. The operating formula is as follows: ; in, , , These are rotation matrices about the z-axis, y-axis, and x-axis, respectively. Yaw angle The pitch angle, For the roll angle, the measured data of three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, gyroscope and accelerometer are unified converted to the geodetic coordinate system through rotation matrix; The geocentric inertial coordinate system has its origin at the center of the earth, the x-axis passes through the intersection of the 0° meridian and the equator, the y-axis passes through the intersection of the 90° meridian and the equator, and the z-axis points to the North Star. The geodetic coordinate system has its origin at the center of the earth, the z-axis along the polar axis direction, the x-axis on the intersection of the equatorial plane and the prime meridian, and the y-axis in the equatorial plane and constituting a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the z-axis. The geographic coordinate system adopts the north-east-geodetic coordinate system, has its origin at the point where the carrier is located, the x-axis points to the north along the local meridian, the y-axis points to the east along the local parallel, and the z-axis points downward along the local geographic vertical and constitutes a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the y-axis. The carrier coordinate system has its origin coinciding with the center of mass of the carrier, the x-axis points forward along the longitudinal axis of the carrier, the z-axis points downward along the vertical axis of the carrier, and the y-axis points along the transverse axis of the carrier and constitutes a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the z-axis. The electronic compass uses the yaw-pitch-roll three angles to describe an arbitrary rotation: rotation around the z-axis to obtain the yaw angle, rotation around the y-axis with rotation lag to obtain the pitch angle, and rotation around the x-axis with rotation lag to obtain the roll angle. The operation formula of the inclination correction module is as follows: ; Wherein, u, v, w are three components of wind speed obtained after the sway correction, =arctan(v / u), =arctan .

[0011] The filtering method of the high-stability and low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system is Butterworth bidirectional low-pass filtering, and the cutoff frequency is obtained as follows: first, a section of data is selected, second, a series of cutoff frequencies are assumed, then each cutoff frequency is applied to the sway correction of the section of data, finally, the mean square deviation of the three velocity components and the vertical displacement of the buoy after the sway correction are calculated, the graph of the mean square deviation of the velocity components and the vertical displacement of the buoy relative to the cutoff frequency is drawn, and the cutoff frequency fcutoff corresponding to the change of the mean square deviation and the covariance and the vertical displacement of the buoy is found out, which is the cutoff frequency used in the sway correction program.

[0012] The aforementioned high-stability, low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system includes an intelligent power management and power control module comprising: a microcontroller unit, a magnetic latching relay, a clock circuit, a battery, a voltage conversion module, a data transmission module, and peripheral sensors. The microcontroller unit is electrically connected to the magnetic latching relay, the clock circuit, and the data transmission module. The magnetic latching relay is electrically connected to the peripheral sensors and is used to control the power supply to the peripheral sensors. The battery supplies power to all system components through the voltage conversion module. The clock circuit provides a precise timing signal to the microcontroller unit, triggering it to enter either a working mode or a standby mode. The microcontroller unit uses a low-power microcontroller and, in standby mode, maintains communication only with the clock circuit, cutting off data exchange and power supply to other peripherals.

[0013] The aforementioned high-stability, low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system includes an intelligent data acquisition and transmission system comprising a data acquisition module, a data standardization module, a quality control module, a data transmission module, and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module; wherein: The data acquisition module is used to collect and maintain data from the marine hydrological and meteorological monitoring terminal and obtain various observation data related to ocean-atmosphere flux. The data standardization module includes a metadata standardization unit and an entity data standardization unit. The metadata standardization unit is used to set the metadata storage scheme for various elements of hydrological and meteorological data from the buoy source, and to establish metadata information in the form of XML files or interfaces. The entity data standardization unit is used to divide the data into two types: scalar field and vector field. After receiving and decoding, it stores and imports L0 level data. After real-time quality control algorithm, it generates L1 level data and stores, imports, and converts the format. After delay quality control, it generates L2 level data and stores it. The quality control module includes a real-time quality control unit and a delayed quality control unit. The real-time quality control unit employs methods such as format testing, time testing, equality testing, range testing, continuity testing, temperature inversion testing, position testing, landing testing, depth testing, and velocity testing. The delayed quality control unit employs all the methods of the real-time quality control unit, and also includes correlation testing, equivalence testing, statistical characteristic testing, peak detection, depth increment testing, density increment testing, vertical gradient testing, local maximum depth testing, and salt-density modal quantitative analysis. The data transmission module adopts a data transmission method based on a combination of socket and FTP. It transmits data from the receiving end to the data channel through data file monitoring and data push. After passing through the channel, the data enters the preprocessing stage and is finally transmitted to the data warehouse of the big data platform. The intelligent power management and power consumption control module is used for monitoring power consumption of each module of the system in real time, dynamically adjusting power output and optimizing power consumption of each module.

[0014] The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system, the range check includes extreme value check, global depth-extreme value check, and ice point check, wherein the ice point check is calculated by the following formula: ; wherein, is the calculated ice point temperature in Celsius, is the salinity ranging from 27 to 35 psu, is the pressure value at the given salinity.

[0015] The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system, the spike check adopts the following formula: ; ; ; wherein, , , are observation values of adjacent depths, the formula judges whether there is a spike anomaly by calculating the difference between the observation values of adjacent depths; first, calculate , which represents the absolute deviation of the current depth observation value from the average of the observation values of the adjacent two depths and ; is half of the absolute value of the difference between the observation values of the adjacent two depths and , and finally calculate , when exceeds a certain threshold, it is determined that is a spike anomaly value.

[0016] The high-stability and low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system has the buoy anchoring system which is connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body and is composed of a main cable, a relay transmission cabin and an anchoring unit, the whole buoy anchoring system has an inverted S-shaped structure, the length is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the laid sea area, the main cable is composed of coupling steel cables and Dyneema cables, the coupling steel cables are two sections, each section has a length of 500 m, the relay transmission cabin is arranged between the two coupling steel cables, glass floating balls are arranged on the main cable at intervals, the main cable is provided with a counterweight, an electric swivel is arranged between the top of the main cable and the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, a parallel release device is arranged between the bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit, and the anchoring unit comprises a gravity anchor, a grip anchor and an anchor chain; the coupling steel cables, the Dyneema cables and the parallel release device are connected through waterproof joints.

[0017] The high-stability and low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system has the buoy anchoring system which is connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body and is composed of a main cable, a relay transmission cabin and an anchoring unit, the whole buoy anchoring system has an inverted S-shaped structure, the length is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the laid sea area, the main cable is composed of coupling steel cables and Dyneema cables, the coupling steel cables are two sections, each section has a length of 500 m, the relay transmission cabin is arranged between the two coupling steel cables, glass floating balls are arranged on the main cable at intervals, the main cable is provided with a counterweight, an electric swivel is arranged between the top of the main cable and the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, a parallel release device is arranged between the bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit, and the anchoring unit comprises a gravity anchor, a grip anchor and an anchor chain; the coupling steel cables, the Dyneema cables and the parallel release device are connected through waterproof joints.

[0018] The high-stability and low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system has the buoy anchoring system which is connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body and is composed of a main cable, a relay transmission cabin and an anchoring unit, the whole buoy anchoring system has an inverted S-shaped structure, the length is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the laid sea area, the main cable is composed of coupling steel cables and Dyneema cables, the coupling steel cables are two sections, each section has a length of 500 m, the relay transmission cabin is arranged between the two coupling steel cables, glass floating balls are arranged on the main cable at intervals, the main cable is provided with a counterweight, an electric swivel is arranged between the top of the main cable and the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, a parallel release device is arranged between the bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit, and the anchoring unit comprises a gravity anchor, a grip anchor and an anchor chain; the coupling steel cables, the Dyneema cables and the parallel release device are connected through waterproof joints.

[0019] The high-stability and low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system has the buoy anchoring system which is connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body and is composed of a main cable, a relay transmission cabin and an anchoring unit, the whole buoy anchoring system has an inverted S-shaped structure, the length is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the laid sea area, the main cable is composed of coupling steel cables and Dyneema cables, the coupling steel cables are two sections, each section has a length of 500 m, the relay transmission cabin is arranged between the two coupling steel cables, glass floating balls are arranged on the main cable at intervals, the main cable is provided with a counterweight, an electric swivel is arranged between the top of the main cable and the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, a parallel release device is arranged between the bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit, and the anchoring unit comprises a gravity anchor, a grip anchor and an anchor chain; the coupling steel cables, the Dyneema cables and the parallel release device are connected through waterproof joints.

[0020] A complete system covering data acquisition, standardization, quality control, transmission, and intelligent power management and power consumption control is constructed. The data acquisition module uses high-precision sensors and has a standardized output format; the data standardization module classifies and processes metadata and entity data according to various standards; the quality control module combines real-time and delayed verification and uses multiple methods to identify abnormal data; the data transmission module uses a combination of socket and ftp; and the intelligent power management and power consumption control module monitors and adjusts power consumption in real time. This effectively solves the problems of low data quality, poor transmission efficiency, and high power consumption of existing buoy systems in extreme sea conditions in the deep sea, and promotes the application and development of ocean observation technology in complex environments.

[0021] A multi-level quality control mechanism of "real-time quality control + delayed quality control" is adopted to achieve accurate verification of data throughout the process. Real-time quality control quickly filters out obvious abnormal data through methods such as format verification, time verification, range checking (including ice point calculation and extreme value judgment); delayed quality control adds correlation verification (such as water temperature and air temperature physical correlation), spike checking (based on the difference between adjacent depth observation values), and salt-density mode analysis, etc. to identify complex abnormalities (such as false inversion, density layer anomaly). Through the multi-level quality control mechanism, combined with real-time and delayed verification, abnormal data is effectively identified and removed, improving data quality and providing high-quality data support for research on ocean dynamic processes and climate model calibration.

[0022] The data standardization module stores metadata in XML format and processes entity data in hierarchical levels (L0 / L1 / L2), unifies data format and storage specifications, and is compatible with industry standards such as HY / T0327-2022 and GB / T12460-2006, facilitating cross-platform data sharing and integration. At the same time, for special scenarios such as real inversion layer in high-latitude sea areas and deep-sea water mass characteristics, differential quality control logic (such as dynamic adjustment of inversion threshold and salt-density mode climate comparison) is used to ensure data authenticity in complex environments and improve the system's adaptability to extreme environments in the deep sea.

[0023] The intelligent power management module uses a low-power MCU (standby power consumption ≤0.1μA) and a magnetic latching relay (static power consumption ≤0.1μA) in conjunction with a low-power satellite communication module to dynamically switch between standby and data acquisition and transmission modes according to a preset period (e.g., 1 hour). In standby mode, only the clock circuit and MCU are running, with a total power consumption of ≤0.2μA; in data acquisition and transmission mode, the sensors and communication module are awakened precisely and powered off immediately after completing the task. This extends the system's endurance, reduces maintenance costs, and meets the needs of long-term observation in the deep sea.

[0024] The OA / OB contacts of the magnetic holding relay are physically disconnected to cut off the power supply of the peripheral sensor, instead of software hibernation or logical power-off, so as to eliminate the hidden performance consumption of the sensor leakage current from the hardware level. This design solves the technical blind spot of traditional "software low power consumption" which cannot cover the hardware loss of peripherals, aiming at the characteristics of deep-sea buoy "multi-sensor cooperation".

[0025] Based on the timing wake-up function of the DS1302 clock chip, the system works according to the preset period, avoids invalid power consumption, and prolongs the service life of the storage battery. The lithium iron phosphate battery (capacity 95Ah) is adopted, and the data transmission module with strong anti-interference performance is used to ensure the stable operation of the system in the deep-sea harsh environment. The improvement of the endurance capacity reduces the frequency of equipment recovery and battery replacement, and reduces the operation and maintenance cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of the buoy platform; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution position of the first support rod; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the geocentric inertial coordinate system; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the earth coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the carrier coordinate system; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the electronic compass attitude coordinate system; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and its coordinate system; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the electronic compass; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the specified rectangular coordinate system in the buoy observation system; Figure 10 It is a process diagram of coordinate system rotation; Figure 11 It is a flowchart of the sway correction of the three-dimensional wind field based on the attitude of the buoy platform; Figure 12 It is a circuit structure block diagram of the intelligent power management and power consumption control module.

[0027] In the diagram, 1. Buoyancy chamber; 2. Connecting rod; 3. Buoy; 4. First tilting rod; 5. Sealed chamber; 6. Second tilting rod; 7. Control room; 8. Upper mast; 9. Lower mast; 10. Instrument room; 11. Battery room; 12. Single-point current meter; 13. Wave meter; 14. First support rod; 15. Second support rod; 16. Gas analyzer; 17. Gravity anchor; 18. GPS; 19. Gyroscope; 20. Electronic compass; 21. CTD; 22. ... 23. Air temperature and humidity sensor; 24. Sea surface temperature sensor; 25. Four-component radiation sensor; 26. Second air temperature and humidity sensor; 27. Wind speed and direction sensor; 28. Marine droplet flux meter; 29. ​​Solar panel; 30. Holding anchor; 31. Glass buoy; 32. Coupled steel cable; 33. Dyneema cable; 34. Relay transmission compartment; 35. Counterweight; 36. Electric swivel ring; 37. Parallel release device; 38. Anchor chain; 39. Waterproof joint. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figures 1-11 As shown, a highly stable and low-power ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system includes a buoy platform consisting of a split cylindrical buoy body and a buoy mooring system. An air-sea flux observation system is installed on the split cylindrical buoy body. The system also includes a buoy platform attitude monitoring system for attitude monitoring, an attitude correction system for attitude correction, an intelligent data acquisition and transmission system for collecting observation data from the air-sea flux observation system and sending data to a shore-based data receiving station, and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module. The attitude correction system includes a coordinate system rotation module, a sway correction module, and a tilt correction module.

[0030] The split-column buoy body includes a main buoy consisting of five buoyancy chambers 1, connecting rods 2 at the top of the five buoyancy chambers, and floats 3 at the bottom of the five buoyancy chambers 1. A sealed chamber 5 connected to the main buoy body via a first inclined rod 4 is located in the middle of the main buoy body. A control chamber 7 connected to the main buoy body via a second inclined rod 6 is located at the top of the sealed chamber 5. An upper mast 8 is located at the top of the control chamber 7, and a lower mast 9 is located at the bottom of the sealed chamber 5. An instrument compartment 10 and a battery compartment 11 are located at the bottom of the lower mast 9. A first support rod 14 is located at the top of the upper mast 8, and a second support rod 15 is located below the first support rod 14. The buoy platform attitude monitoring system includes: The gas analyzer 16 is arranged on the first supporting rod 15, and the GPS 18, the gyroscope 19, the electronic compass 20, the accelerometer, the first air temperature and humidity sensor, the sea skin temperature sensor, the four-component radiation sensor and the atmospheric pressure sensor are arranged adjacent to the gas analyzer 16, the four-component radiation sensor extends horizontally by 2m in length from the first supporting rod, and the highest point of the first supporting rod is 6m above the average water level; 6m position sensor placement: the gas analyzer 16 (CPEC310 includes a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed instrument (CSAT3BH)), the four-component radiation sensor 24 (CNR4+CNF4), the sea skin temperature sensor 23, the GPS 18, the gyroscope 19, the first air temperature and humidity sensor 22 (HMP155) and the atmospheric pressure sensor (PTB110) are placed 6m above the average water level. The reasons are as follows: 1. The four-component radiation sensor 24 (CNR4+CNF4) is placed at 6m, so that the shadow of the buoy caused by solar radiation can be avoided to affect the data, according to the national standard (GB / T 12763.3-2020) marine survey specification. The sensor should not be blocked during solar radiation observation. Meanwhile, the four-component radiation sensor 24 (CNR4+CNF4) should extend horizontally by 2m in length, and the downward radiation sensor has a field angle of 150°. After calculation, the influence of buoy body reflection on radiation measurement can be avoided.

[0031] 2. According to the national standard (GB / T 12763.3-2020) marine survey specification, the effective observation height of sea skin temperature is 0-10m, and the sensor field angle should be considered when monitoring the sea skin temperature. The field angle of the SI-111 sea skin temperature sensor is 22° (half angle), and after calculation, 6m meets the specification requirements and also maximizes the performance of the instrument itself.

[0032] 3. In order to ensure the consistency of the sensor with the motion trajectory of the buoy, the GPS 18 and the gyroscope 19 should be placed at the same height as the gas analyzer 16 (CPEC310 includes a three-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed instrument (CSAT3BH)) and as close as possible to the surface, for sea-air flux data correction. Improve the precision and accuracy of flux data calculation.

[0033] 4. The installation position at different heights and the type of underlying surface have a great difference on the temperature and humidity data. In order to maintain the precision and accuracy of sea-air flux data calculation, the first air temperature and humidity sensor 22 (HMP155) should be installed at the same height as the sea-air flux observation sensor.

[0034] 5. The atmospheric pressure data participates in the calculation of the sea-air flux data, and the atmospheric pressure changes with the installation height, so the atmospheric pressure sensor (PTB110) should be consistent with the sea-air flux observation sensor.

[0035] 6. The above-mentioned air-sea flux observation sensor is installed at the top of the buoy's upper mast. Based on the flux contribution area (footprint) formula (Schuepp at el. 1990; Leclerc and Thurtell 1990), the effective flux data contribution area radius is calculated to be 100 times the installation height. In marine systems with relatively uniform buoy surface, installing the above-mentioned air-sea flux observation sensor at the top of the buoy's upper mast maximizes the acquisition of flux data within the contribution area. Simultaneously, installation at the top minimizes the impact of the upper mast on airflow cutting and breaking, improving instrument measurement accuracy.

[0036] A second air temperature and humidity sensor and a wind speed and direction sensor are installed on the second support pole; the highest point of the second support pole is 3 meters above the average water level. Placement instructions for the 3-meter position sensors: The wind speed and direction sensor 26 is a wind sensor (05106), and the second air temperature and humidity sensor 25 is an air temperature and humidity sensor (HMP155). They should be placed 3 meters above the average water level. The reason is as follows: 1. The data is arranged in a gradient with the wind data and air temperature and humidity data at 6 meters to improve the reliability of throughput data calculation.

[0037] 2. This location can effectively reduce the impact of the buoy structure on wind field and air temperature and humidity data.

[0038] A marine droplet flux meter is installed above the control cabin, at a height of 1.5 meters above the average water level; Sensor Placement Instructions at 1.5 Meters: The marine droplet flux meter 28 is an IAP meter and should be placed 1.5 meters above the average water level. The reason is as follows: The impact of boundary layer turbulence on ocean droplet transport is negatively correlated with the distance of the equipment from the sea surface. Considering that the higher the installation height, the lower the impact, and that the stability of the equipment's fixed position is closely related to data quality, all factors are taken into account. Observations at 1.5 meters provide high data quality and good equipment stability, reducing the impact of buoy swaying on the data.

[0039] A single-point current meter and a wave meter are installed on the water surface and connected to the main buoy via a Dyneema rope.

[0040] Instructions for placing surface sensors: The single-point current meter 12 is a current sensor (5400), and the wave meter 13 is a wave sensor (DWR-G). Both are placed on the water surface and float. A dyneema rope is used to connect the buoy body to the equipment, allowing it to float relatively freely on the water surface while remaining securely attached to the buoy body. The reason is as follows: 1. The sea current sensor (5400) uses the Doppler principle, which needs to be in contact with the water surface during operation. At the same time, it cannot be disturbed by the underwater structure of the buoy, so it needs to be connected to the main body of the device buoy with Dyneema rope, so that it can float relatively freely. At the same time, it can obtain power supply and data transmission from the buoy system.

[0041] 2. The wind around the buoy platform is affected by its structure, and its influence on the sea waves is different from the type of sea waves in the natural environment. The sea wave sensor (DWR-G) measures the sea waves with an accelerometer built-in, which needs to be in contact with the water surface and float on the water surface. Therefore, it needs to be connected to the main body of the device buoy with Dyneema rope, so that it can float relatively freely. At the same time, it can obtain power supply and data transmission from the buoy system.

[0042] The upper mast and the lower mast are made of five equal-length titanium alloy round pipes combined with molded polyurea material, with internal titanium alloy round pipe skeleton reinforcement and internal filling of elastic non-water-absorbing foam material. A single-point current meter and a wave instrument are connected on both sides of the sealed cabin, and a CTD21 is installed below the sealed cabin. The control cabin is a cylindrical cabin with a diameter of 800mm, located above the sealed cabin, made of titanium alloy material, and sealed with O-rings.

[0043] The total length of the split columnar buoy body is 16.5m, and in the normal balanced state, the water height is 7m and the underwater length is 7m. The main buoy is 2.5m high, and in the normal balanced state, the water height of the main buoy is 1m, and the total weight of the system is 1500kg.

[0044] Damping device: The inner part of the float 3 is filled with oil, which provides auxiliary buoyancy and also reduces the roll, provides damping, and the float 3 is connected by pipeline pump valve, which can also actively adjust the liquid level height of each float according to the buoyancy model, and adopt active damping mode to cope with different wind and wave conditions. Each float 3 is coated with damping material to reduce the dynamic impact of waves on the buoy and improve its stability.

[0045] Counterweight design: The battery part of the entire system is designed and installed at the bottom of the lower mast, breaking the conventional position of the center of gravity of the buoy platform, greatly increasing the stability of the buoy platform, improving the sea keeping ability of the buoy, controlling the swing amplitude of the buoy platform under high sea conditions, and preventing the risk of overturning of the buoy platform in typhoon environment.

[0046] The split columnar buoy structure is adopted, the slender column has a small cross section, the wind resistance and water resistance can be greatly reduced under the premise of reducing wave disturbance, and the ability of the buoy to control the swing amplitude can be significantly improved. According to the requirements of the function, weight and size of the sea-air flux observation equipment, a three-dimensional multi-functional area distributed design is adopted to control the height of the center of gravity of the buoy, and the stability of the buoy is further improved. In addition, by optimizing the connection between the buoy and the anchor line, the swing damping of the buoy is improved, the sea keeping ability of the buoy in high sea conditions is improved, the swing amplitude of the buoy during operation is reduced, and the carrying capacity, observation capacity and environmental adaptability of the buoy are improved.

[0047] The platform attitude monitoring and data correction of the sea-air flux observation system has always been a problem for the buoy-based sea-air flux observation. Due to the inevitable violent shaking of the sea-air flux buoy system in high sea conditions such as typhoon waves, it brings significant errors to the flux observation system installed thereon.

[0048] Since the measurement of sea-air flux involves the motion of the buoy, the measurement results need to be converted to the geodetic coordinate system first. A posture data acquisition system is installed on the split columnar buoy body at a depth of 6 m. A three-direction accelerometer can obtain three orthogonal motion characteristics, wherein the vertical accelerometer is 'based on the gravity field', that is, when in the gravity field, g = -9.806 m / s -2 Then the rotation motion is measured, an electronic compass is used as a rotation measuring instrument, the electronic compass uses yaw-pitch-roll three angles to describe an arbitrary rotation, and can associate the acceleration and frequency relative to a certain axis. Each measuring instrument corresponds to the accelerometer. Because the rate gyroscope performs poorly at low frequencies, the pitch and roll angles at low frequencies can be derived from the tilt information of the linear accelerometer; the yaw angle at low frequencies can be provided from the reference surface information of the compass. Full-angle motion is obtained from the information of the rate gyroscope, and the low-frequency information of the accelerometer or electronic compass is processed through a complete filter.

[0049] The wind stress is estimated by measuring the wind with a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and corrected for bias caused by the motion of the buoy platform using the output of an inertial sensor before use. Due to the fact that the buoy platform points in the direction of the combined force of the wind and the near-surface current when the buoy is moored, the use of an asymmetric head structure increases the likelihood of unobstructed wind passing through the sensor. For the asymmetric head structure, wind tunnel tests found that the need for correction was small for wind directions within 100° of the centerline. In addition to the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, cup anemometers are installed at heights of 1.5, 2.3, 3.4 and 5.1 meters above the average water level to measure the wind speed profile; a wind vane is used to measure the local wind direction within the cup array at a height of 2.4 m.

[0050] Because three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and motion sensor have their own coordinate system and are different, the wind speed component output by three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer cannot be unified, and azimuth angle, angular velocity, acceleration and other data cannot be used, so it is necessary to first rotate the coordinate system of three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, electronic compass and gyroscope to a common coordinate system. In addition, the instantaneous tilt of the anemometer caused by the change of the pitch, roll and azimuth angle of the platform, the translational velocity of the platform relative to the fixed reference system and other factors all affect the observation of the wind speed by the ultrasonic anemometer and the momentum flux is very sensitive to the tilt, 1° tilt will cause 10% (under moderate instability) to 100% (under free convection) momentum flux deviation. Therefore, in order to eliminate these errors and ensure the accuracy of the observation data, it is necessary to correct the attitude, including coordinate system rotation, sway correction and tilt correction.

[0051] The operation formula of the sway correction module is as follows: ; In the formula, is the three-dimensional wind speed vector observed in the geodetic fixed coordinate system, is the three-dimensional wind speed vector observed by the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, T is the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the geodetic fixed coordinate system, M pa is the initial angle deviation matrix between the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the buoy coordinate system, that is, the rotation matrix from the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the buoy coordinate system, is the rotation angular velocity observed in the buoy coordinate system, (x0 ’ , y0 ’ , z0 ’ ) is the position vector of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer relative to the origin of the buoy coordinate system, represents the movement speed of the origin of the buoy coordinate system relative to the origin of the fixed coordinate system; The first term of sway correction In the formula, T represents the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the earth coordinate system, and ψ, θ and in the matrix are the azimuth angle, pitch angle and roll angle observed by the electronic compass; is the wind speed component after the preliminary coordinate rotation of the wind speed output by the ultrasonic anemometer; M pa is the rotation matrix from the ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the buoy coordinate system, that is, the angle deviation matrix; The second term of sway correction In the formula, is the angular velocity value output by the gyroscope after preliminary rotation transformation; is the position vector of the ultrasonic anemometer in the buoy coordinate system; The third term of sway correction The translational velocity of the origin of the buoy coordinate system relative to the origin of the earth coordinate system; And , ; The linear acceleration observed by the gyroscope respectively, Representing high-pass filtering; The filtering method is Butterworth bidirectional low-pass filtering, and the method for selecting the cutoff frequency is: first select a section of data (original data with a length of 1 hour), secondly assume a series of cutoff frequencies (0.0125~0.5 Hz), then apply each cutoff frequency to the section of data for sway correction, and finally calculate the mean square deviation of the three velocity components and the covariance of the buoy's vertical displacement after the sway correction, draw the graph of the mean square deviation of the velocity components and the covariance of the buoy's vertical displacement relative to the cutoff frequency, and find the corresponding cutoff frequency f cutoff , f cutoff , which is the cutoff frequency used in the sway correction program.

[0052] Since the ultrasonic anemometer and the motion sensor have their own coordinate systems and are different from each other, the wind speed components output by the ultrasonic anemometer cannot be unified, and the azimuth angle, angular velocity, acceleration, etc. cannot be used, so it is necessary to first rotate the coordinate systems of the ultrasonic anemometer, electronic compass and gyroscope to a common coordinate system.

[0053] The coordinate system rotation module includes: defining the geocentric inertial coordinate system, the earth coordinate system, the geographic coordinate system and the carrier coordinate system, constructing the rotation matrix of the buoy coordinate system to the geographic coordinate system based on the yaw angle , pitch angle and roll angle measured by the electronic compass, The operation formula is as follows: ; Among them, , , The rotation matrix around the z axis, y axis and x axis respectively, The yaw angle, The pitch angle, The roll angle, and the measured data of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, gyroscope and accelerometer are unified and converted to the geodetic coordinate system through the rotation matrix; The geocentric inertial coordinate system, whose origin is at the center of the earth, the X axis passes through the intersection of the 0° meridian and the equator, the Y axis passes through the intersection of the 90° meridian and the equator, and the Z axis points to the North Star; The Earth coordinate system has its origin at the Earth's center, the Z-axis along the polar axis, the X-axis on the intersection of the equatorial plane and the prime meridian, and the Y-axis also in the equatorial plane, forming a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the X and Z axes. The geographic coordinate system adopts the northeast-northeast coordinate system, with its origin located at the point where the transport vehicle is located. The X-axis points north along the local meridian, the Y-axis points east along the local parallel of latitude, and the Z-axis points downward along the local geographic perpendicular line, forming a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the X and Y axes. The coordinate system of the carrier has its origin coinciding with the center of mass of the carrier. The X-axis points forward along the longitudinal axis of the carrier, the Z-axis points downward along the vertical axis of the carrier, and the Y-axis is along the horizontal axis of the carrier, forming a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the X and Z axes. An electronic compass uses three angles—yaw, pitch, and roll—to describe an arbitrary rotation: rotating around the Z-axis yields the yaw angle (yaw). Rotate around the hysteresis Y-axis to obtain the pitch angle (pitch). ); rotate around the rotationally lagging X-axis to obtain the roll angle (roll). ); The buoy system's three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer consists of six ultrasonic transformers. At a distance of 200m facing each other, the results from the three measurement paths are perpendicular to each other. Each transformer acts as both a transmitter and receiver of sound waves. An electronic control system selects the respective measurement path and direction (sound wave propagation direction), rotating clockwise (viewed from above), first from top to bottom and then from bottom to top. The measurement speed and output rate are selected and used for further calculations, averaging the six individual measurements along the path direction. The time required for the measurement sequence is approximately 3.5ms at a maximum measurement speed of 20°C, which is for a measurement path with only a limited number of sound waves.

[0054] The speed of sound in still air is the superposition of the velocity components of the air. The propagation speed caused by this superposition results in different travel times for sound along a fixed measurement path at different wind speeds and directions. Since the speed of sound depends largely on air temperature, the propagation time is measured on each of the three measurement paths in two directions. This eliminates the influence of temperature on the measurement results. With the three measurement paths perpendicular to each other, the sum of the measurement results and the three-dimensional wind speed vector angle are maintained in an arrangement of perpendicularly related vector elements. After measuring the velocity components U, V, and W, they are converted into an output format selected by a digital signal processor (DSP) and then output.

[0055] Next, the different instrument coordinates are transformed. By mounting the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the electronic compass together, the instruments are linked to provide a prerequisite for further transformation. The X-axis of the electronic compass is oriented north, coinciding with the north direction of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, so that the three coordinate axes of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer are redefined by the coordinate axes of the electronic compass, the north direction of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer is the same as the forward direction of the electronic compass, and the wind direction is linked with the heading angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the electronic compass.

[0056] In a given rectangular coordinate system, the actual wind vector is decomposed into a horizontal wind vector and a vertical wind vector, which can be obtained by sway correction using the observed wind vector and parameters such as the attitude and motion of the buoy system. By sequentially rotating the z-axis to fix the yaw angle, the new y-axis to fix the pitch angle and the new x-axis to fix the roll angle, a new wind vector can be obtained, and a rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the geodetic fixed coordinate system is obtained in the three rotation processes.

[0057] Momentum flux is very sensitive to "tilt". A tilt of 1° can cause a 10% (under moderate instability) to 100% (under free convection) error in . A method of stream coordinate transformation is used to correct the tilt. Taking 30 minutes as an example, the X-axis is parallel to the 30-minute average wind direction, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the ground, and each time is processed independently. Finally, the average v = 0 and the average w = 0.

[0058] The operation formula of the tilt correction module is as follows: ; Wherein, u, v, w are three components of wind speed obtained after sway correction, =arctan(v / u), =arctan .

[0059] The intelligent data acquisition and transmission system comprises a data acquisition module, a data standardization module, a quality control module and a data transmission module, wherein: The data acquisition module is used for acquiring and maintaining the data of the marine hydro-meteorological monitoring terminal and obtaining various types of observation data related to sea-air flux; the data acquisition module is composed of multiple high-precision sensors, covering temperature, salinity, wind speed, wave and other hydro-meteorological element sensors, and the sensor output data format conforms to the GB / T12460-2006 standard, ensuring the standardization of the original data.

[0060] The data standardization module includes a metadata standardization unit and an entity data standardization unit; the metadata standardization unit is used for setting a metadata storage scheme of the float source hydrology, meteorology and various element data, and establishing metadata information in the form of an XML file or an interface; the entity data standardization unit is used for dividing data into two types of scalar fields and vector fields, storing and warehousing L0-level data after receiving and decoding, generating L1-level data and storing, warehousing and format converting the L1-level data through a real-time quality control algorithm, and generating L2-level data and storing the L2-level data after time-delay quality control. In the data standardization module, the metadata XML file storage scheme follows the standards such as HY / T0327-2022.

[0061] The entity data format conversion rule is as follows: L0 level to L1 level: the L0 level is the original sensor output data, and when converted to the L1 level, the temperature data is kept to two decimal places, for example, if the original temperature value is 25.1234 ℃, the converted value is 25.12 ℃; the salinity data is kept to three decimal places, for example, if the original salinity value is 34.5678 psu, the converted value is 34.568 psu. For abnormal values (such as data beyond the sensor measurement range), they are uniformly marked as "-9999".

[0062] L1 level to L2 level: the L2 level is data after quality control and data fusion. On the basis of the L1 level, the weighted average fusion (the weight is determined according to the sensor accuracy, and the higher the accuracy, the greater the weight) is performed on the multiple sensor data of the same physical quantity. For example, for temperature data, there are three sensor measurement values T1=25.12 ℃, T2=25.15 ℃ and T3=25.08 ℃, and the corresponding accuracies are 0.1 ℃, 0.05 ℃ and 0.1 ℃, respectively, so the weight is: , , , The fused temperature value is: .

[0063] The data standardization module performs the data standardization process according to the following specifications and standards: HY / T0327-2022 "Technical Requirements for Ocean Hydrological Data Compilation", GB / T20794-2006 "Classification of Marine and Related Industries", GB / T12460-2006 "Application Record Format for Marine Data", HY / T075-2005 "Classification and Code of Marine Information", HY / T123-2009 "Classification of Sea Area", and HY / T 131-2010 "Common Terms for Marine Information Technology".

[0064] The quality control module includes a real-time quality control unit and a delayed quality control unit; the real-time quality control unit adopts format inspection, time inspection, congruence inspection, range inspection, continuity inspection, inverse temperature inspection, position inspection, landing inspection, depth inspection, and speed inspection methods; the delayed quality control unit adopts all methods of the real-time quality control unit, and further includes correlation inspection, equivalence inspection, statistical property inspection, spike inspection, depth increment inspection, density increment inspection, vertical gradient inspection, local maximum depth inspection, and salt-density mode quantitative analysis methods. The quality control module adopts a multi-level quality control strategy, the real-time quality control unit is directed to the collected L0-level data, and quickly screens abnormal data through format inspection (checking the starting position, length, etc. of the data record), time inspection (ensuring that the time is within a reasonable range), range inspection (such as temperature range [-2℃, 35℃]), etc. The delayed quality control unit is directed to L1-level data, and further improves the data reliability through correlation inspection (such as the physical correlation between water temperature and air temperature), spike inspection (identifying mutation values based on a formula), etc.

[0065] The data transmission module adopts a data transmission method based on the combination of socket and ftp, and transmits the data on the receiving end to the data channel through data file listening and data pushing, and the data enters the preprocessing stage after the channel, and is finally transmitted to the data warehouse of the big data platform; the preprocessing stage includes data information collection, data extraction, and structured processing.

[0066] The data transmission module uses a data transmission method based on the combination of socket and ftp. The data on the receiving end is transmitted to the data channel through data file listening and data pushing, and the data transmission adopts a strategy of combining the two channels of Socket and Ftp. Socket is an abstraction layer through which application programs send and receive data according to the TCP / IP protocol. Using Socket, application programs can be added to the network and communicate with other application programs in the same network. FTP file transfer protocol is a technology frequently used in networks and can transfer files between devices. After the data passes through the channel, it enters the preprocessing stage, which mainly includes data information collection, data extraction, and necessary structured processing, and is finally transmitted to the data warehouse of the big data platform.

[0067] In the data transmission module: Socket configuration: TCP protocol is adopted. FTP transmission configuration: identity authentication adopts a username and password encryption strategy, and uses SSL / TLS encryption transmission. In Python, the ftplib library is used for ftp transmission.

[0068] The dual-channel transmission strategy combining Socket and FTP is adopted: the Socket protocol guarantees the low-delay transmission of small batches of real-time data (such as instantaneous wind speed and wave height) to meet the emergency monitoring requirements; the FTP protocol is responsible for the stable transmission of large batches of historical data (such as L2-level integrated data) to avoid loss caused by network fluctuations. At the same time, through the data file monitoring and pushing mechanism, dynamic monitoring and breakpoint resume transmission of the transmission state are realized, taking into account real-time and stability, and improving the data transmission success rate in deep-sea extreme environments.

[0069] The breakpoint resume transmission implementation logic is as follows: before transmitting a file, the file size is obtained, and the file is divided into pieces according to a certain size (such as 1MB). Each time a piece of data is transmitted, the number of bytes transmitted is recorded. If the transmission is interrupted, the next time the transmission is started from the next piece of the last interruption position. For example, if the file size is 5MB and 2MB has been transmitted, the transmission will continue from the 3rd MB after interruption.

[0070] The intelligent power management and power consumption control module is used to monitor the power consumption of each module of the system in real time, dynamically adjust the power output, and optimize the power consumption of each module.

[0071] The intelligent power management and power consumption control module dynamically adjusts the working parameters of each module based on the remaining power of the buoy, the data acquisition frequency, and the transmission volume. For example, the power supply power is increased during the data transmission peak period, and the power consumption is reduced during the sleep period to prolong the endurance time of the buoy.

[0072] The range check includes extreme value check, global depth-extreme value check, and ice point check, wherein the ice point check is calculated by the following formula: ;

[0073] wherein, is the calculated ice point temperature in Celsius, is the salinity in the range of 27-35 psu, is the pressure value at the given salinity.

[0074] Format check: the check of the project element record according to the specified format, including the starting position, length, data record type, and filling of missing values, etc. Data records that do not meet the specified format requirements are all errors.

[0075] Time check: the value of the observation time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and time zone) should be within a reasonable range. Among them, the year value is not greater than the current year, the month value ranges from 1 to 12, the date value is between the number of days in the month, the hour value ranges from 0 to 23, and the minute and second values range from 0 to 59. The time information of the same batch of survey data should be consistent with the survey time.

[0076] Identity check: Identity check is to check the consistency of some elements in the observation record, such as data type, fixed station code, platform code, observation method, instrument name, observation instrument altitude, and observation element code. The parameter record and agreed value of these elements must be completely consistent, otherwise it is considered as an error.

[0077] Range check Range check is to check whether the measured parameters and the corresponding metadata (year, month, day, time, time zone, latitude and longitude) are within a reasonable value range according to people's most basic understanding of the ocean. If a certain observation value is not within a reasonable range, the observation value will be marked as a suspicious value. Range check is generally the first sub-module used in all quality control programs. It can include the following checks: (1) Extreme value check: Extreme value check is generally the simplest check according to the most basic understanding of the ocean. For example, sea temperature generally takes values in [-2 o C, 35 o C], the change of sea surface temperature should be in [-4 o C, 44 o C], the change range of salinity generally takes values in [0 psu, 40 psu], the latitude takes values in [90 o S, 90 o N] and so on. According to statistical theory and the most basic experience of physical oceanography, values outside this range can be considered as extremely small probability events that are almost impossible to occur.

[0078] (2) Global profile envelop check: This check is a further extension of the extreme value check. For temperature (density) observations, since the average sea temperature (density) of the lower layer is generally lower (higher) than that of the upper layer, this check aims to determine whether the observation value is within a reasonable range with depth. If a certain observation value is not within a reasonable range, it is marked as a suspicious value. For example, within the depth range of 300~400m, the temperature value range can only be [-2.0, 27] o C, and the salinity value range can only be [3, 41] psu, which depends on the selection of depth.

[0079] Position check The position of the marine observation station should be within a reasonable value range. For example, the global longitude range is -180º~180º, the latitude range is -90º~90º, and the longitude and latitude range of a specific survey can be adjusted according to specific requirements. The drift range of the fixed observation station position is not more than 5 kilometers through spherical conversion.

[0080] Landing check The coastal and ocean observation positions should be located in the sea. The observation data position is determined to be land or sea according to the global digital map.

[0081] Depth test The depth of the ocean observation data should be within the actual topography range. The observation depth of the observation site position is determined to be consistent with the depth requirement.

[0082] Speed test The speed test is also called the card value test. Under the condition that the sensitivity and resolution of the observation instrument are sufficient, the observation elements will not remain constant within a certain time range. If it remains constant, the data is suspicious.

[0083] The moving speed of the moving observation platform should be within a reasonable range. The average speed is calculated by the distance and the corresponding time difference between the current observation position of the moving observation platform at the current time and the previous correct observation position. For a drifting buoy, the maximum speed should be less than 3.5 m / s.

[0084] The spike check uses the following formula: ; ; ; wherein, , , are the observation values (such as temperature, salinity, and other physical quantities) of adjacent depths, respectively. The formula calculates the difference between adjacent depth observation values to determine whether there is a spike anomaly. First, calculate , which represents the absolute deviation of the current depth observation value from the average of the adjacent two depth observation values and . is half of the absolute value of the difference between the adjacent two depth observation values and . Finally, calculate . When exceeds a certain threshold, it is determined that is a spike anomaly value.

[0085] The threshold determination method is as follows: collect a large amount of historical observation data in different sea areas and at different depths, and statistically analyze the V value distribution of each layer according to the depth. Take the 95% quantile of the V value of the corresponding depth layer as the spike check threshold of that depth. For example, in a certain depth layer, the sorted V value is 0.05 at the 95% position. Therefore, the spike check threshold of this depth layer is set to 0.05.

[0086] Correlation test (consistency test) Due to the fluid continuity of seawater and the characteristics of air-sea interaction, there must be a certain relationship between different observation variables of the ocean. For example, the relationship between sea surface temperature and air temperature, the relationship between sea surface salinity and precipitation (the sea surface salinity in the sea area with more precipitation is lower than that in the sea area with less precipitation), the relationship between sea surface temperature and cold wave, the relationship between wind speed and wave height, the relationship between subsurface temperature and season, etc. Therefore, we can test the mutual relationship between the ocean observation data (whether it conforms to a certain physical relationship) at the same time and at the same place. If the observation value of a certain element does not conform to the relationship between the observation values of other elements within a certain range, it is marked as a suspicious value. According to the mutual relationship between the data, the mutual relationship between the elements (such as: whether the daily maximum or minimum value exceeds the daily extreme value; whether the maximum wave height is greater than or equal to the average wave height; whether the maximum period is greater than or equal to the average period; the relationship between high tide, low tide and hourly tide; the relationship between wave type, wave height and sea state; the relationship between wind speed, wave height and period; the relationship between seawater salinity, temperature and density, etc.) is used to test the abnormality of the data.

[0087] The relationship between water temperature and air temperature: Under normal circumstances, the difference between water temperature and air temperature should be within the range of [-5℃, 5℃]. This is based on the principle of heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. Under stable weather conditions, there will be no large temperature difference between the two. For example, when the air temperature is 25℃, the water temperature is usually between 20-30℃. If it exceeds this range, there may be data anomalies or special weather processes (such as strong cold wave, thermal convection) affecting, which need further analysis.

[0088] The relationship between wind speed and wave height: According to the empirical formula, there is a relationship between wave height H (unit: m) and wind speed V (unit: m / s) H=0.025×V 2 . This formula is based on a large number of ocean observation data fitting, in practical application, by measuring wind speed, the theoretical wave height can be calculated, compared with the measured wave height. If the measured wave height deviates from the theoretical value by more than 30%, there may be data anomalies or special sea conditions (such as nearshore topographic influence, storm surge), which need further investigation.

[0089] Compared with underwater glider, ocean station, buoy station, tide station and other observation information has the advantage of fixed point and long time observation sequence. For fixed point and long time sequence observation data, because the change of some elements at different times is usually continuous and regular (such as the gradual change process of seawater characteristics, the observation time is increasing), therefore, the difference between adjacent two times of an element can be used to check the observation data, and the threshold value is usually abnormal value, which is very friendly to test the mutation value of time series. For example, the continuous sea surface temperature observation of the continuous station at the same place has the statistical characteristics of continuous distribution of observation variables, and the Reinhardt criterion (also known as "3 criteria") is usually used for quality control.

[0090] Equal value check Some instruments may have a phenomenon of reading stagnation or pause due to instrument characteristics and malfunctions, resulting in a false situation that the temperature reading does not change with depth. Therefore, the equal value check aims to check whether the observed values of the profile are exactly the same within a certain depth range. If there are multiple identical observed values within a certain depth range, after excluding the isothermal layer (for temperature observations), these observed values are marked as suspicious values.

[0091] Statistical property check The data observed by the ocean station at a fixed point and for a long time often obeys a certain probability statistical distribution in theory. We can establish a distribution fitting function according to the distribution characteristics of the data, and compare the fitting value with the actual observed value (generally chi-square goodness-of-fit test); on the other hand, for large sample data that approximately obeys the normal distribution, we can use the Lilliefors criterion to judge its rationality.

[0092] Inverse temperature check Generally, the temperature of seawater decreases gradually with the increase of depth. According to this characteristic, if an inverse temperature appears and the inverse temperature exceeds a certain threshold, it can be considered as a false inverse temperature. However, it should be noted that there is a certain range of inverse temperature in the subsurface of high latitude sea area or some special geographical location. These inverse temperatures may reflect the real ocean conditions and need to be marked carefully.

[0093] False inverse temperature threshold: In non-high latitude sea areas, if the absolute value of the temperature gradient of the inverse temperature layer is greater than 0.2 ℃ / m, it is determined as a false inverse temperature. The temperature gradient calculation formula is ΔT / Δz, where ΔT is the temperature change value in the inverse temperature layer, and Δz is the thickness of the inverse temperature layer. For example, the thickness of the inverse temperature layer is 10 m, and the temperature increases from 20 ℃ at the bottom to 22 ℃ at the top, then the temperature gradient is (22−20) / 10=0.2 ℃ / m, if it exceeds this value, the data needs to be reviewed.

[0094] High latitude sea area real inverse temperature judgment standard In high latitude sea areas (such as north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle), when the thickness of the inverse temperature layer exceeds 20 m and the duration exceeds 6 hours, it is determined as a real inverse temperature. This is because there are special ocean hydrological phenomena in high latitude sea areas, such as polar cold intermediate layer, low-salinity warm water layer formed by sea ice melting, etc., resulting in common inverse temperature phenomena and different characteristics from low latitude areas. Through the comprehensive judgment of thickness and duration, the real inverse temperature in high latitude sea areas can be effectively distinguished from abnormal data.

[0095] Depth increment check The depth of the temperature, salinity, etc. profile observed in the field is monotonically increasing from the sea surface 0 m. However, due to the instrument recording system, improper recording by the operator, etc., the depth value of a certain point may be greater (smaller) than its adjacent upper and lower observation values, which causes the depth not to be monotonically increasing or remain unchanged with the observation time. Therefore, this check aims to test whether the measured depth is monotonically increasing. If it does not meet the monotonic increase, it is marked as a suspicious value, and if necessary, the order of the depth is corrected. At the same time, if the depth appears negative (on land), it is also marked as a suspicious value.

[0096] Density increasing check The ocean is different from the atmosphere, and it has the characteristic of stable stratification. In most sea areas (except deep convection areas), the density of the lower sea water is always greater than that of the upper sea water. If the density of the ocean appears to reverse as the depth increases, the temperature or salinity at the position where the reversal occurs can be determined as a suspicious value. Among them, the density can be calculated by the seawater state equation.

[0097] Vertical gradient check Due to the low depth resolution of some profiles, the depth difference between two adjacent observation points is very large, which causes the element observation to have a sharp rise or fall between the two points. According to the definition of gradient, this check aims to test whether the vertical gradient of the observation values corresponding to the two adjacent depth values exceeds a certain range (the threshold value depends on the depth). The gradient range threshold value can be obtained by statistical rules. When the vertical gradient falls outside the threshold value, both adjacent observation values will be marked as suspicious values. For example, the maximum salinity gradient value used in the WOD quality control method is 9.000 psu at 400 m or shallower and 0.050 psu at 400 m or deeper.

[0098] Local maximum depth check Some observation instruments are portable disposable instruments. When these instruments touch the sea bottom, they may not immediately pause work (such as XBT, MBT, Glider), which may cause the observation element readings to continue to increase. At the same time, due to human handling, etc., some depth observation values of the profiles submitted to the international database may be amplified / decreased by several times. Therefore, this check aims to determine whether the depth observation value is deeper than the depth of the sea bottom at that location (obtained by electronic depth sounder). If it is greater than the maximum allowed depth at that location, all measurement values greater than the depth are marked as suspicious values and are not used for further analysis.

[0099] Salt-density mode quantitative analysis (temperature-salinity graph test) The temperature-salinity curve representing the characteristics of the water mass has a constant shape in a specific sea area (different sea areas, different seasons, different levels), so the temperature-salinity climatic curve in a certain regional range can be established in advance according to this relationship. By comparing the observed temperature-salinity curve with the climatic curve constructed in advance, the abnormal information contained in the data can be checked from the perspective of distinguishing water masses. It essentially belongs to the category of climatic range checks.

[0100] The intelligent power management and power consumption control module comprises a micro control unit (MCU), a magnetic latching relay, a clock circuit, a storage battery, a voltage conversion module, a data transmission module and peripheral sensors; the micro control unit is electrically connected with the magnetic latching relay, the clock circuit and the data transmission module respectively, the magnetic latching relay is electrically connected with the peripheral sensors and is used for controlling the power on-off of the peripheral sensors; the storage battery supplies power for each component of the system through the voltage conversion module; the clock circuit provides a precise timing signal for the micro control unit and triggers the micro control unit to enter a working mode or a standby mode; the micro control unit adopts a low-power single-chip microcomputer with a reduced instruction set (RISC) structure, only maintains communication with the clock circuit in the standby mode and cuts off data exchange and power supply with other peripherals. The peripheral sensors comprise temperature, salinity, pressure and other marine environment monitoring sensors and are connected with the power supply through the magnetic latching relay and only work in the data acquisition stage.

[0101] The supply voltage of the micro control unit is 1.8-3.6V, the power consumption in the standby mode is ≤0.1μA and the power consumption in the active mode is 250μA / 1MIPS. The micro control unit (MCU) selects MSP430F5438A of TI Company in the United States, which is a 16-bit RISC structure with a main frequency of 16MHz, 256KB of built-in FLASH and 16KB of RAM. The chip supports four low-power modes, the power consumption in the standby mode (LPM4) is only 0.1μA and the power consumption in the active mode is 250μA / 1MIPS, which can quickly respond to clock interrupts (wake-up time ≤6μs). The micro control unit (MCU) is the core of the system, adopts a low-power single-chip microcomputer with a reduced instruction set (RISC) structure and is responsible for controlling the working timing of the whole system. It is electrically connected with the magnetic latching relay, the clock circuit and the data transmission module and only maintains communication with the clock circuit in the standby mode and cuts off power supply and data exchange of other peripherals.

[0102] The working voltage of the magnetic latching relay is 5V, the instantaneous power consumption is 15mA, the static power consumption is less than or equal to 0.1uA, the control signal of the micro control unit is received through the INA and INB pins, and the on-off of the OA / OB contact is controlled to realize the power-on / power-off of the peripheral sensor. The magnetic latching relay adopts a BL8023D type relay, the working voltage is 5V, the instantaneous drive current is 15mA, and the static power consumption is less than or equal to 0.1uA. It receives the high and low level signals of the MCU through the INA and INB pins, controls the closing and opening of the OA / OB contact, and realizes the power on / off of the peripheral sensor. The magnetic latching relay is connected between the MCU and the peripheral sensor, and the contact on-off is realized according to the control signal of the MCU, so as to control the power-on or power-off of the peripheral sensor. It has the characteristics of small power consumption and large output current, and can keep the contact position in the power-off state, further reducing the energy consumption.

[0103] Magnetic latching relay control logic: The magnetic latching relay adopts a bistable control mode, that is, different level combinations of INA and INB pins control the contact on-off state. The specific logic is: when INA is high and INB is low, the relay contact is closed, and the peripheral sensor is powered on; when INA is low and INB is high, the relay contact is opened, and the peripheral sensor is powered off. For example, at the beginning of the data acquisition period, the MCU outputs high level through I / O port P2.0 and low level through P2.1, so that the magnetic latching relay is closed to supply power to the sensor; after the data acquisition is completed, P2.0 outputs low level and P2.1 outputs high level, the relay is opened, and the power supply of the sensor is cut off, realizing low power consumption control.

[0104] Micro control unit (MCU) and magnetic latching relay connection: taking the commonly used MSP430F5438A as an example, the I / O ports P2.0 and P2.1 are connected to the INA and INB pins of the magnetic latching relay respectively. When P2.0 outputs high level, INA pin receives high level signal, triggering the corresponding contact action of the magnetic latching relay; P2.1 is the same. In the specific circuit, a 1kΩ current limiting resistor needs to be connected in series between the I / O port and the relay pin to prevent excessive current from damaging the I / O port.

[0105] The clock circuit includes a DS1302 clock chip, an external 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator, is connected with the MCU through P1.0~P1.2 pins, and is configured with a 3.3V backup lithium battery, which automatically switches power supply when the main power supply is abnormal. The clock circuit provides accurate timing signals for the MCU, which is used to set the wake-up time of the system and ensure that the MCU starts the peripheral device at the specified time to collect data. The clock circuit uses a DS1302 clock chip, which is connected with the P1 port of the MSP430F5438A through the P1.0 (RST), P1.1 (I / O), and P1.2 (SCLK) pins, and an external 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator is used to ensure timing accuracy. The chip is configured with a 3.3V backup lithium battery, which automatically switches when the main power supply voltage is below the threshold, ensuring uninterrupted timing. Wake-up interrupt setting: taking the clock interrupt as an example, first initialize the DS1302 clock, set the timing interrupt period (such as 1 hour).

[0106] Clock circuit (DS1302) is connected with MCU: the clock pin SCLK of DS1302 is connected to the P1.0 pin of MCU, the data input and output pin I / O is connected to the P1.1 pin, and the reset pin RST is connected to the P1.2 pin. At the same time, a 0.1μF decoupling capacitor is connected to the ground at the power supply pins VCC1 and VCC2 of DS1302 respectively to filter out power supply noise and ensure stable operation of the clock circuit.

[0107] The output voltage of the battery is 12V and 5V, and the rated capacity is 95Ah; the voltage conversion module uses AMS1117 voltage regulator chip to convert 5V voltage to 3.3V for micro control unit, clock circuit and data transmission module. The battery selected is Shenzhen Deli DLP-12-95A lithium iron phosphate battery, which outputs 12V and 5V voltage and has a capacity of 95Ah; the voltage conversion module uses AMS1117-3.3 voltage regulator chip to convert 5V voltage to 3.3V for MCU, clock circuit and data transmission module, and the conversion efficiency is ≥90%. The battery provides the original power supply for the system, and the voltage conversion module converts the output voltage of the battery to the working voltage required by each component to ensure stable power supply of the system.

[0108] The input voltage of the data transmission module is 3.3V, the power consumption is 250mW, the startup time is ≤1s, and the data transmission is realized through the Beidou satellite short message function. The data transmission module uses Beijing Beidou Starcom UM220-IIIN satellite communication chip, supports Beidou short message function, input voltage is 3.3V, working power consumption is 250mW, startup time is 1s, and is connected with MCU through UART interface to realize remote transmission of collected data. The data transmission module is used to send the collected data to the shore terminal, and adopts satellite communication mode to ensure the communication reliability in deep sea environment.

[0109] The working flow of the intelligent power management and power consumption control module is as follows: (1) standby phase: the micro control unit and the clock circuit keep working, the magnetic latching relay is disconnected, and the peripheral sensor is powered off; the system defaults to standby mode, the MCU enters LPM4 low power mode, only the clock circuit (DS1302) keeps working and timing. At this time, the magnetic latching relay contact is disconnected, the peripheral sensor and the data transmission module are powered off, and the whole system power consumption is ≤0.2 μA.

[0110] (2) timing wake-up phase, the clock circuit triggers the micro control unit to enter active mode, the micro control unit controls the magnetic latching relay to close, and the peripheral sensor is powered on and collects data; when the DS1302 timing reaches the preset period (such as 1 hour), the MCU sends an interrupt signal to the MCU through the P1.0 pin, and the MCU wakes up from the standby mode and enters the active mode within 6 μs. The MCU sends a high level signal to the INA pin of the magnetic latching relay through the I / O port, triggers the OA / OB contact to close, the peripheral sensor is powered on and starts to collect data, and the data is transmitted to the RAM of the MCU through the SPI interface.

[0111] (3) data transmission phase, the MCU sends the collected data through the data transmission module; after the transmission is completed, the MCU controls the magnetic latching relay to disconnect, and the system returns to the standby phase. The MCU controls the data transmission module to be powered on, and sends the stored monitoring data to the shore-based terminal through the Beidou short message. After the transmission is completed, the data transmission module is powered off. After the data transmission is completed, the MCU sends a high level signal to the INB pin of the magnetic latching relay, triggers the contact to disconnect, and the peripheral sensor is powered off. Then, the MCU reconfigures the low power mode register and enters the LPM4 standby state, waiting for the next clock interrupt.

[0112] The buoy anchoring system comprises a main cable, a relay transmission cabin 33 and an anchoring unit connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, and the whole buoy anchoring system is in an inverted S-shaped structure, the length of which is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the sea area, so that the inverted S-shaped structure becomes a slack inverted S-shaped structure. The inverted S-shaped structure can absorb external impact force through its own shape change, effectively buffer the impact force of sea waves and sea currents on the buoy body, reduce the swing amplitude of the buoy body, and improve the accuracy of data observation.

[0113] The main cable is composed of coupling steel cable 31 and Dyneema cable 32, the diameter of the Dyneema cable 32 is 15 mm, the length is 5500 m, and the surface is provided with an anti-corrosion coating. The Dyneema cable 32 has the characteristics of high strength and low weight, and can withstand the impact force brought by waves and currents. The Dyneema material has the characteristics of seawater corrosion resistance and ultraviolet aging resistance, and can work stably in deep sea environment for a long time. The anti-corrosion coating further prolongs the service life and meets the needs of long-term (usually more than 1 year) fixed-point observation of the split column-shaped buoy body. In combination with the inverted S-shaped relaxed structure, the impact force of waves and currents on the buoy body can be effectively buffered, the stress load of the system in extreme sea conditions can be reduced, and the stability of the buoy in extreme environments such as typhoon and huge waves can be improved. The relaxed inverted S-shaped structure can absorb external impact force through its own shape change, reduce the swing amplitude of the buoy body, and improve the accuracy of data observation.

[0114] The coupling steel cable 31 has a total of 2 sections, each section has a length of 500 m, and a relay transmission cabin 33 is arranged between the two sections of the coupling steel cable 31. As a transmission carrier of underwater signals and power, the coupling steel cable can stably transmit power supply and data signals between components of the buoy system, and ensure effective communication between underwater sensors, relay transmission cabins and other equipment and the data acquisition system of the split column-shaped buoy body. The relay transmission cabin transmits data to the buoy body, and then transmits it to the shore station through a satellite. Through the cooperation of the segmented design and the relay transmission cabin, the complex environment of the deep sea can be adapted to, the stability and reliability of data and power in the long-distance transmission process can be ensured, the transmission distance limitation of a single cable is broken through, and it is suitable for deep sea environment above 4000 meters.

[0115] Glass floating balls 30 are arranged on the main cable at intervals, the buoyancy of the glass floating ball is 50-100 kgf, and the interval is 50-100 m. The gravity of the main cable and underwater equipment is balanced by the buoyancy to avoid winding or breakage caused by excessive sagging of the main cable. The number of the glass floating balls 30 can be 12, which is used to ensure the buoyancy balance of the buoy observation system in the lower layer of the water body. The main cable is provided with a counterweight 34, and the counterweight 34 is made of titanium alloy. By setting the counterweight 34, the shaking of the main cable under the action of water flow is reduced, thereby reducing the interference to the underwater sensors and other equipment, and in cooperation with the glass floating ball 30, the buoy anchoring system is in an inverted S-shaped structure.

[0116] The main cable top and the bottom of the split columnar float body are provided with an electric swivel 35. The main function of the electric swivel 35 is to realize the stable transmission of power and data signals between the main cable and the split columnar float body when the split columnar float body rotates with the sea waves, avoiding the entanglement and distortion of the main cable caused by the rotation of the split columnar float body, which affects the continuity and reliability of power supply and data transmission. The bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit are provided with a parallel release 36. Since the split columnar float body is placed in the deep sea environment, it needs to be recovered, replaced or stored data after long-term observation. The parallel release 36 can realize the convenient separation of the split columnar float body and the anchoring unit, avoiding the loss or difficulty of recovery caused by the anchoring unit. At the same time, when encountering extreme sea conditions that may endanger the safety of the split columnar float body, the parallel release 36 can be used as an emergency protection device to ensure that the core observation equipment can be recovered and reduce losses. The number of parallel releases is 2.

[0117] The anchoring unit includes a gravity anchor 17, a grip anchor 29 and an anchor chain 37. Compared with a single gravity anchor, the resistance of the buoy body to wind, wave and current is improved, thereby improving the stability of the buoy body in the marine environment. The weight of the grip anchor is about 6 tons, and the anchor chain is 4 sections.

[0118] The coupling steel cable 31, the Dyneema cable 32 and the parallel release are connected through a waterproof joint 38. The waterproof joint can effectively block seawater from entering the connection of the main cable or the equipment, ensuring the continuity of power transmission and data signal transmission, and avoiding equipment failure caused by water ingress.

[0119] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should also be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-stability low-power consumption ocean surface fixed-point observation buoy system, characterized in that: The buoy platform comprises a split columnar buoy body and a buoy anchoring system, the split columnar buoy body is provided with a sea-air flux observation system, further comprises a buoy platform attitude monitoring system for monitoring the attitude of the buoy platform, an attitude correction system for correcting the attitude of the buoy platform, an intelligent data acquisition and transmission system for collecting the observation data of the sea-air flux observation system and transmitting the data to a shore-based data receiving station, and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module, the attitude correction system comprises a coordinate system rotation module, a sway correction module and a tilt correction module.

2. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split columnar buoy body comprises a main float body composed of five buoyancy cabins, connecting rods arranged on the top of the five buoyancy cabins, and floats arranged on the bottom of the five buoyancy cabins, a sealed cabin arranged in the middle of the main float body and connected to the main float body through a first tilt rod, a control cabin arranged on the top of the sealed cabin and connected to the main float body through a second tilt rod, an upper mast arranged on the top of the control cabin, a lower mast arranged on the bottom of the sealed cabin, an instrument cabin and a battery cabin arranged on the bottom of the lower mast, a first support rod arranged on the top of the upper mast, and a second support rod arranged below the first support rod, the buoy platform attitude monitoring system comprises: a gas analyzer arranged on the first support rod, and a GPS, a gyroscope, an electronic compass and an accelerometer adjacent to the gas analyzer, further comprising a first air temperature and humidity sensor, a sea skin temperature sensor, a four-component radiation sensor and an atmospheric pressure sensor, the four-component radiation sensor horizontally extends out of the first support rod by 2 meters, and the highest point of the first support rod is 6 meters above the average water level; the gas analyzer comprises a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer; a second air temperature and humidity sensor and a wind speed and direction sensor are arranged on the second support rod, and the highest point of the second support rod is 3 meters above the average water level; a sea spray flux instrument is arranged above the control cabin, and the sea spray flux instrument is 1.5 meters above the average water level; a single-point current meter and a wave instrument are arranged on the water surface and connected to the main float body through a Dyneema rope.

3. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operation formula of the sway correction module is as follows: ； wherein: is the three-dimensional wind speed vector observed in the earth-fixed coordinate system, is the three-dimensional wind speed vector observed by the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, T is the rotation matrix from the float coordinate system to the earth-fixed coordinate system, M pa is the initial angular deviation matrix between the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer and the float coordinate system, i.e., the rotation matrix from the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the float coordinate system, is the angular velocity of rotation observed in the float coordinate system, (x0 ’ , y0 ’ , z0 ’ ) is the position vector of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer relative to the origin of the float coordinate system, represents the movement speed of the origin of the float coordinate system relative to the origin of the fixed coordinate system; Shake correction first term Where T represents the rotation matrix from the buoy coordinate system to the earth coordinate system, the matrix ψ, θ and φ in the matrix respectively represent the azimuth angle, the pitch angle and the roll angle observed by the electronic compass; is the wind speed component after the preliminary coordinate rotation of the wind speed output by the ultrasonic anemometer; M pa is the rotation matrix from the ultrasonic anemometer coordinate system to the buoy coordinate system, that is, the angle deviation matrix;​ Shake correction second term In, ω is the angular velocity value output by the gyroscope after preliminary rotation transformation; is the position vector of the ultrasonic anemometer in the buoy coordinate system; Shake correction third term is the translational velocity of the origin of the buoy coordinate system relative to the origin of the earth coordinate system; and , ; linear acceleration observed by the gyroscopes, respectively, represents a high-pass filter; The coordinate system rotation module comprises: defining a geocentric inertial coordinate system, an earth coordinate system, a geographic coordinate system and a carrier coordinate system, constructing a rotation matrix of a buoy coordinate system to a geographic coordinate system based on a yaw angle, a pitch angle and a roll angle measured by an electronic compass The operation formula is as follows: ； wherein, , , are rotation matrices around the z-axis, y-axis, x-axis, respectively, is a yaw angle, is a pitch angle, is a roll angle, the measurement data of the three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer, the gyroscope and the accelerometer are uniformly converted to the geodetic coordinate system by the rotation matrices; a geocentric inertial coordinate system, whose origin is at the center of the earth, the x-axis passes through the intersection of the 0° meridian and the equator, the y-axis passes through the intersection of the 90° meridian and the equator, and the z-axis points to the North Star; an earth coordinate system, whose origin is at the center of the earth, the z-axis is along the polar axis, the x-axis is on the intersection of the equatorial plane and the prime meridian, and the y-axis is also in the equatorial plane and forms a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the z-axis; a geographic coordinate system, which adopts a North-East-Down coordinate system, whose origin is at the point where the carrier is located, the x-axis is along the local meridian and points to the north, the y-axis is along the local parallel and points to the east, the z-axis is along the local geographic vertical and points downward and forms a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the y-axis; a carrier coordinate system, whose origin coincides with the center of mass of the carrier, the x-axis is along the longitudinal axis of the carrier and points forward, the z-axis is along the vertical axis of the carrier and points downward, and the y-axis is along the transverse axis of the carrier and forms a right-handed rectangular coordinate system with the x-axis and the z-axis; an electronic compass uses yaw-pitch-roll three angles to describe an arbitrary rotation: rotation around the z-axis to get the yaw angle, rotation around the y-axis with rotation lag to get the pitch angle, and rotation around the x-axis with rotation lag to get the roll angle. The operation formula of the inclination correction module is as follows: ； wherein u, v, w are three components of the wind speed after sway correction, = arctan (v / u), = arctan .

4. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtering method is Butterworth bidirectional low-pass filtering, and the cutoff frequency is obtained as follows: firstly, a data segment is selected; secondly, a series of cutoff frequencies are assumed; then, each cutoff frequency is applied to the data segment for sway correction; finally, the mean square deviation of three velocity components and the vertical displacement of the buoy after the sway correction are calculated, and the graph of the mean square deviation of the velocity components and the vertical displacement of the buoy relative to the cutoff frequency is drawn, and the cutoff frequency fcutoff corresponding to the change of the mean square deviation and the covariance and the vertical displacement of the buoy is found, and the fcutoff is the cutoff frequency used in the sway correction program.

5. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The intelligent power management and power consumption control module comprises a micro control unit, a magnetic latching relay, a clock circuit, a storage battery, a voltage conversion module, a data transmission module and a peripheral sensor; the micro control unit is electrically connected with the magnetic latching relay, the clock circuit and the data transmission module respectively, the magnetic latching relay is electrically connected with the peripheral sensor and is used for controlling the power on-off of the peripheral sensor; the storage battery supplies power for each component of the system through the voltage conversion module; the clock circuit provides a precise timing signal for the micro control unit and triggers the micro control unit to enter a working mode or a standby mode; the micro control unit adopts a low-power single-chip microcomputer, only maintains communication with the clock circuit in the standby mode, and cuts off data exchange and power supply with other peripherals.

6. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The intelligent data acquisition and transmission system comprises a data acquisition module, a data standardization module, a quality control module, a data transmission module and an intelligent power management and power consumption control module; wherein: The data acquisition module is used for acquiring and maintaining data of the marine hydro-meteorological monitoring terminal and obtaining various types of observation data related to sea-air flux; The data standardization module comprises a metadata standardization unit and an entity data standardization unit; the metadata standardization unit is used for setting a metadata storage scheme of various types of data of the floating buoy source hydrology and meteorology, and establishing metadata information in the form of an XML file or an interface; the entity data standardization unit is used for dividing data into two types of scalar field and vector field, storing and warehousing L0-level data after receiving and decoding, generating and storing L1-level data after real-time quality control algorithm, and storing and warehousing L2-level data after time-delay quality control; The quality control module comprises a real-time quality control unit and a time-delay quality control unit; the real-time quality control unit adopts format verification, time verification, full equivalence verification, range check, continuity verification, inverse temperature verification, position verification, landing verification, depth verification and speed verification methods; the time-delay quality control unit adopts all methods of the real-time quality control unit, and further comprises correlation verification, equivalence verification, statistical property verification, sharp peak check, depth increment check, density increment check, vertical gradient check, local maximum depth check and salt-density mode quantitative analysis methods. The data transmission module adopts a data transmission method based on the combination of socket and ftp, and transmits data on the receiving end to a data channel through data file monitoring and data pushing, and the data enters a preprocessing stage after the channel and is finally transmitted to a data warehouse of a big data platform. The intelligent power management and power consumption control module is used for monitoring power consumption of each module of the system in real time, dynamically adjusting power output, and optimizing power consumption of each module.

7. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The range check includes extreme value check, global depth-extreme value check, and ice point check, wherein the ice point check is calculated by the following formula: ； wherein, is the calculated freezing point in Celsius, is the salinity in the range of 27-35 psu, is the pressure value at the given salinity.

8. The high-stability and low-power-consumption sea surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The peak check adopts the following formula: ； ； ； wherein, , , are the observation values of adjacent depths, respectively, the formula judges whether there is a spike anomaly by calculating the difference of adjacent depth observation values; first, calculate , which represents the absolute deviation of the current depth observation value and the average of the adjacent two depth observation values and ; is half of the absolute value of the difference between the adjacent two depth observation values and , and finally calculate , when exceeds a certain threshold, it is determined that is a spike anomaly value.

9. The high-stability and low-power-consumption ocean surface layer fixed-point observation buoy system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The buoy anchoring system comprises a main cable, a relay transmission cabin and an anchoring unit connected with the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, the whole buoy anchoring system is in an inverted S-shaped structure, the length is 1.3-1.5 times of the water depth of the sea area, the main cable is composed of coupling steel cables and Dyneema cables, the coupling steel cables are two sections, each section is 500m long, the relay transmission cabin is arranged between the two coupling steel cables, glass floating balls are arranged on the main cable at intervals, counterweights are arranged on the main cable, an electric swivel is arranged between the top of the main cable and the bottom of the split columnar buoy body, a parallel release device is arranged between the bottom of the main cable and the anchoring unit, the anchoring unit comprises a gravity anchor, a grip anchor and an anchor chain, and the coupling steel cables, the Dyneema cables and the parallel release device are connected through waterproof joints.

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